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914:-bearing materials and the bulk regolith composition at the landing site and measure any time variations in hydrogenous volatile abundance during the diurnal cycle. NSS could measure the total volume of hydrogen up to three feet below the surface, providing high-resolution ground truth data for measurements made from instruments in orbit around the Moon. NSS was to measure the number and energy of neutrons present in the lunar surface environment, which can be used to infer the amount of hydrogen present in the environment. This detection is possible because when neutrons strike a hydrogen atom, they lose a lot of energy.
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948:, to understand the release and movement of volatile species. Previous missions have demonstrated the presence of volatiles at the lunar surface, but significant questions remain about the where those volatiles came from and how they are transported across the lunar surface. Investigating how the lunar exosphere changes over the course of a lunar day can provide insight into the transport process for volatiles on the Moon. The instrument had the ability to measure the low level of gases expected in the lunar exosphere and released by regolith interaction with surface disturbances, like rovers.
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communications blackout, confirmed that the spacecraft was once again generating sufficient power. However, the problem was identified as a gradual propellant leak that required constant consumption of fuel to counteract. At 21:16 EST, Astrobotic said in a statement that thrusters were operating "well beyond their expected service life cycles" and that the "spacecraft could continue in a stable sun-pointing state for approximately 40 more hours" before it would run out of fuel, then lose attitude control and power.
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880:) while simultaneously mapping surface morphology and surface temperature. The plan was for the measurements to take place during rover traverse when integrated onto a rover, throughout areas of targeted volatile investigation (called science stations), and during drilling activities. This instrument was created at NASA
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Roughly seven hours after the launch, Astrobotic reported that a problem, likely with the propulsion system, had "prevented from achieving a stable sun-pointing orientation". The company conducted an unplanned maneuver of the spacecraft to turn the solar panels toward the Sun, and, after an expected
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mission that would have enabled acquisition of knowledge of the lunar radiation environment and demonstrate the capabilities of the system on the lunar surface. This sensor was to measure the rate of incident radiation providing information that would be critical to understanding and mitigating the
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hemisphere (painted gold) and mounted to the lander deck. It was designed to efficiently retroreflect laser signals from other orbiting and landing spacecraft over a wide range of incoming directions, thereby enabling precise measurement of the distance between the orbiting or landing spacecraft to
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Space radiation can harm astronauts on exploration missions outside the Earth's protective atmosphere, and more so on the Moon than in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The first source of risk is the total radiation dose from
Galactic Cosmic Rays, which is about twice as high on the lunar surface as in LEO.
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Agencia
Espacial Mexicana (AEM), the Mexican Space Agency, attempted to fly the first Latin American scientific instruments to the surface of the Moon. The payload consisted of five small robots, weighing less than 60 grams and measuring 12 centimeters in diameter, which were to be catapulted onto
325:
The lander carried multiple payloads, with a payload capacity of 90 kg. Shortly after the lander separated from the Vulcan rocket in lunar injection orbit, a propellant leak developed that prevented the lander from completing its mission. After six days in orbit, the spacecraft was redirected
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mission. These sensors were to precisely measure the level of radiation a human body will encounter on a trip to the Moon and back. The data from both
Artemis I and Peregrine Missions will improve our understanding of lunar spaceflight environmental conditions with respect to astronaut health, as
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announced that payload and engine-testing problems would delay the maiden flight of Vulcan, with
Mission One aboard, to 2022. On 23 February 2023, ULA announced an expected launch date for the mission of 4 May 2023. After an anomaly during testing of the Vulcan Centaur on 29 March, the launch was
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compounds released from the soil and present in the exosphere over the course of a lunar day. PITMS observations were to complement other instruments on board the
Peregrine lander for a comprehensive approach to understanding the surface and exosphere composition, linking surface properties and
395:, which has a mass of 33 kg (73 lb) and is 103 cm (41 in) tall. Another small rover, Spacebit, weighing 1.5 kg (3.3 lb), was designed to travel at least 10 m (33 ft) on four legs. Other payloads include a library, in microprint on nickel, with
2511:"#VulcanRocket WDR update: Vehicle performed well. Ground system had a couple of (routine) issues, (being corrected). Ran the timeline long so we didn't quite finish. I'd like a FULL WDR before our first flight, so XMAS eve is likely out. Next Peregrine window is 8 Jan"
962:. PITMS was to operate in a passive sampling mode, where molecules fall into the zenith-facing aperture and are trapped by a radiofrequency field, then sequentially released for analysis. PITMS had a unit mass resolution up to an upper mass-to-charge (m/z) limit of 150 Da.
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took place at 2:18 am EST. The rocket was launched in the VC2S configuration, with two solid rocket boosters and a standard-length fairing. The solid rocket boosters separated from the vehicle at T+1 minute 50 seconds. The first stage continued firing its
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could no longer land on the Moon, although it could continue to operate as a spacecraft. Photographs taken by the spacecraft showed damage to external insulation, perhaps caused by a valve that failed to fully close, causing the oxidizer tank to rupture.
1036:
Astrobotic was to demonstrate its standalone
Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) sensor as a payload on its first mission to the Moon. TRN was to enable spacecraft to perform landings on planetary surfaces with an unparalleled accuracy of less than 100
3394:"As predicted by the APM1 team, Peregrine had loss of signal at 20:59 over Canberra's DSS36. It was a shame it had to end this way, but the mission did it in style. This is the doppler profile from its final approach. It was a graceful dive"
3314:"Update #8 for Peregrine Mission One: Astrobotic's current hypothesis about the Peregrine spacecraft's propulsion anomaly is that a valve between the helium pressurant and the oxidizer failed to reseal after actuation during initialization"
2682:
661:, a first for planetary robotics. Iris was designed to test small, lightweight rover mobility on the Moon, collect images for geological sciences, and gather UWB RF ranging data for testing new relative localization techniques.
510:, and powered descent. The propulsion system can deliver an orbiter to the Moon and perform a powered soft landing. The lander can carry up to 450 kg (990 lb) of bi-propellant mass in four tanks; its composition is
823:-based (Light Detection and Ranging) descent and landing sensor. This instrument (LIDAR) operates on the same principles of radar but uses pulses of light from a laser instead of radio waves. NDL was to measure vehicle
2638:
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The payload mass for the planned second mission (Mission Two) is capped at 175 kg (386 lb), and the
Mission Three and later missions would carry the full payload capacity of 265 kg (584 lb).
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The second source of risk is from space weather events resulting from solar activity. The Linear Energy
Transfer Spectrometer (LETS) was a radiation monitor that was derived from heritage hardware flown on
2454:
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is a device that bounces any light that shines on it directly backwards (180° from the incoming light) from it. The LRA was a collection of eight of these, each a 1.25-cm diameter glass corner cube
3017:
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994:, PROSPECT, and other missions. The PITMS data was to provide a critical mid-latitude link to future polar mass specs to characterize the latitudinal migration of volatiles from equator to poles.
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The spacecraft eventually reached a position that would have allowed it to reach the Moon with trajectory corrections. Six days into the mission, Astrobotic decided to direct the spacecraft to
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1604:. In the end, the spacecraft never left the (highly elliptical) Earth orbit that the carrier rocket injected it into (except to make a controlled re-entry into Earth's atmosphere).
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1724:"Vulcan Rocket's Inaugural Launch Carries Moon Lander to Space – Here's what you need to know about United Launch Alliance and the robotic lunar spacecraft it is sending to orbit"
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Peregrine was to take a 46-day trajectory to the Moon, performing burns to enter lunar orbit and slowly approach the lunar surface. Landing was planned for 23 February 2024.
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alloy, and it is reconfigurable for specific missions. Its propulsion system has five thrusters built by
Frontier Aerospace, each producing 150 lb (667
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the lander. The LRA was to function as a location marker on the Moon for decades. (Note: this LRA design was too small for laser ranging from the Earth).
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Carnegie Mellon
University's Iris was a 2 kg rover designed by university students. Its shoebox-sized chassis and bottle-cap wheels were made from
379:
In May 2019, Mission One received its first lander contract from NASA for 14 payloads. It also had 14 commercial payloads, including small rovers from
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to assist the automated landing on four legs. From Mission 2, its landing ellipse will be 100 m x 100 m, down from 24 km × 6 km previously.
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made of GaInP/GaAs/Ge. Radiators and thermal insulators are used to dispose of excess heat, but the lander does not carry heaters, so the first few
3337:"Update #15 for Peregrine Mission One: Peregrine remains operational at 238,000 miles from Earth, which means that we have reached lunar distance!"
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is about 2.5 m wide and 1.9 m tall, and would have been able to deliver up to 265 kg (584 lb) of payload to the surface of the Moon.
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The PITMS sensor had direct heritage from the Ptolemy mass spectrometer that made the first in situ measurements of volatiles and organics on
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The payload included a spectrometer context imager and a longwave calibration sensor. It was to measure surface and subsurface hydration (
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1009:(ESTEC). The integrated PITMS payload and science investigation were to be operated by GSFC with an international team of scientists.
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884:. In total, it had three specific instruments: the near-infrared spectrometer, Ames imaging module, and longwave calibration sensor.
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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1648:, which launched and landed on the moon in February 2024. Astrobotic will have a second landing attempt, consisting of the larger
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Four days into the mission, the propellant leak appeared to slow, and Astrobotic reported that "there is growing optimism that
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landers are not expected to survive the lunar night, which lasts 14 Earth days. Future missions could be adapted to do so.
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2478:"Vulcan aces engine test, but upper stage anomaly will delay launch for a while "Working corrective action and retest.""
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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1005:(GSFC) and ESA's contractors Open University (OU) and STFC RAL Space, with coordination and support provided by ESA's
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2447:"ULA rocket taking Astrobotic's lunar lander to space pushes back departure date following explosion during testing"
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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310:(CLPS) program. Peregrine Mission One launched on 8 January 2024, at 2:18 am EST, on the maiden flight of the
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A controlled re-entry took place at 15:59 on 18 January EST (20:59 UTC), with possible impact somewhere near
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carries a maximum payload mass of 90 kg (200 lb) during Mission One, and it was planned to land on
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measurements from orbit, and providing a mid-latitude point of comparison for polar measurements planned by
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3196:"Update #7 for Peregrine Mission One: The Peregrine spacecraft has now been operational for about 32 hours"
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2249:"This nonprofit plans to send millions of Knowledge (XXG) pages to the Moon — printed on tiny metal sheets"
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3173:"Update #13 for Peregrine Mission One: Peregrine has now been operational in space for more than 4 days"
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2639:"Frontier Aerospace Selected for NASA Award to Develop Deep Space Thruster Using MON-25/MMH Propellant"
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modem is to enable wireless communication between the lander and deployed rovers on the lunar surface.
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314:(Vulcan) rocket. The goal was to land the first U.S.-built lunar lander on the Moon since the crewed
3139:"Private Peregrine Moon lander suffers anomaly after historic Vulcan rocket launch, Astrobotic says"
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paid Astrobotic to carry human remains. The decision to include human remains was criticized by the
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engines until T+4:59 and separated a few seconds later. The Centaur upper stage started its first
369:. This first lunar lander mission, called Mission One, was initially to be launched in July 2021.
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2954:"The Dawn of Commercial Lunar Exploration: How Odysseus Paved the Way for Future Moon Missions -"
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This radiation detector was a complement to another scientific experiment riding aboard NASA's
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2282:"First US Moon landing mission in decades launches with NASA science, humans remains on board"
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hazardous environment that people would experience as they explore the surface of the Moon.
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1486:. Following a coast phase, the Centaur fired for the second time at T+43:35 to start the
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The spacecraft's avionics incorporate guidance and navigation to the Moon, and a Doppler
3416:
2218:"'Lunar Library' Aims to Preserve Humanity's History On the Moon (Knowledge (XXG), Too)"
526:(orientation), the spacecraft uses 12 thrusters (45 N each) also powered by MON-25/MMH.
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of the rocket would likely delay the launch until the next launch window, on 8 January.
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space radiation will be one of the key risks in the future of Human Space Exploration.
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2315:"First US Moon mission in decades to launch with NASA science, human remains on board"
1853:"Astrobotic Awarded US$ 79.5 Million Contract to Deliver 14 NASA Payloads to the Moon"
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3283:"Stuck valve may have doomed private Peregrine moon lander mission, Astrobotic says"
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2091:"Britain's first Moon rover is a four-legged robot that will explore lunar tunnels"
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at T+5:15, which took more than 10 minutes to complete and put the vehicle into a
423:, argued that the Moon is sacred to the Navajo and other American Indian nations.
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2673:"Aerojet Rocketdyne Successfully Demonstrates Low-Cost, High Thrust Space Engine"
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1993:"This tiny rover will test how well small mobile robots can survive on the Moon"
1887:"NASA Announces New Partnerships for Commercial Lunar Payload Delivery Services"
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1619:. The last contact with the spacecraft was achieved by DSS36, an antenna of the
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3219:"1st photo from crippled private Peregrine moon lander holds clue to anomaly"
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3075:"Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight"
2381:"Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022"
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The PITMS investigation was to provide time-resolved variability of OH,
480:, which was larger but with the same payload capacity. Astrobotic hired
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2348:"Navajo objection to flying human ashes to the Moon won't delay launch"
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3417:"Peregrine lander: American Moon mission destroyed over Pacific Ocean"
831:(distance to ground) with high precision during descent to touchdown.
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3041:"Vulcan Centaur launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural mission"
2737:"Spacebit forms partnership, prepares to send tiny rover to the Moon"
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2067:
1962:"These Are the Private Lunar Landers Taking NASA Science to the Moon"
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3106:"Hours after its launch, a US lunar lander experiences an anomaly"
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On 29 November 2018, Astrobotic was made eligible to bid on NASAs
341:
3450:"Intuitive Machines delays first lunar lander launch to February"
3250:"Peregrine 1 has 'no chance' of landing on moon due to fuel leak"
1916:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1787:"Astrobotic's Peregrine lunar lander burns up over Pacific Ocean"
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2414:"United Launch Alliance Delays Vulcan Debut Flight to Early May"
2095:
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1823:"SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket Will Launch Private Moon Lander in 2021"
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376:(CLPS) to deliver science and technology payloads to the Moon.
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1931:"NASA funds commercial Moon landers for science, exploration"
3481:"NASA Replans CLPS Delivery of VIPER to 2024 to Reduce Risk"
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lander, with launch previously scheduled for November 2024.
1588:
could survive much longer" than was previously anticipated.
502:) thrust. This propulsion system was designed to handle the
565:
range for uplink as well as downlink. After landing, a 2.4
434:
In early December 2023, Bruno said problems found during a
106:
One lunar day (14 Earth days) on the Moon surface (planned)
2123:"SpaceBit Moon rover set to land on lunar surface in 2021"
2026:"Astrobotic Ready to Become Delivery Service to the Moon"
3008:"Otsuka's POCARI SWEAT Aims the Very First Moon Landing"
1638:
was the first of NASA's CLPS missions, with the second,
2976:"A Time Capsule of Human Creativity, Stored in the Sky"
1461:
On 8 January 2024 ULA used the inaugural flight of the
2836:"Task Order TO2-AB Scientific Payloads – NASA Science"
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delayed until June or July, and then until late 2023.
910:
The NSS instrument was to determine the abundance of
357:
In July 2017, Astrobotic announced an agreement with
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Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System (NIRVSS)
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6020:
5995:
5958:
5921:
5878:
5839:
5832:
5809:
5719:
5712:
5671:
5646:
5607:
5582:
5539:
5532:
5451:
5354:
5313:
5306:
5264:
5254:
5247:
5092:
5036:
4951:
4825:
4701:
4570:
4477:
4362:
4242:
4114:
4078:
4033:
3927:
3884:
3833:
3746:
3685:
3637:
3590:
3583:
237:
229:
224:
208:
203:
181:
170:
154:
149:
133:
123:
118:
100:
87:
66:
56:
45:
1041:. The TRN sensor was being developed under a $ 10
1685:
472:In 2016, Astrobotic announced plans to build the
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
476:lander, based on their previous concept lander,
3166:
3164:
2867:
2865:
944:after descent and landing, and throughout the
5787:
5224:
4323:
4011:
3526:
3068:
3066:
1494:lander separated from the rocket at T+50:26.
932:Peregrine Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer (PITMS)
8:
1816:
1814:
1490:burn, which lasted about three minutes. The
21:
2575:"Astrobotic unveils Peregrine lunar lander"
744:Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)
16:Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology
5836:
5794:
5780:
5772:
5716:
5536:
5310:
5251:
5231:
5217:
5209:
4330:
4316:
4308:
4018:
4004:
3996:
3676:
3587:
3533:
3519:
3511:
1069:
671:
584:
78:
27:
20:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
561:, the lander uses frequencies within the
6334:January 2024 events in the United States
542:Its electrical systems are powered by a
3392:Richard Stephenson (18 January 2024).
2873:"Astrobotic — Launch Info Packet 5.8-1"
2187:"UK's 1st Moon Rover to Launch in 2021"
2154:"Tiny walking rover bound for the moon"
1661:
353:atop a Vulcan Centaur on 5 January 2024
3363:"Update #17 for Peregrine Mission One"
1503:Animation of Peregrine – Original plan
1471:Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41
1045:NASA Tipping Point contract with NASA
2933:from the original on 29 November 2023
2893:from the original on 30 November 2023
2619:from the original on 11 December 2018
2547:from the original on 23 February 2017
2426:from the original on 27 February 2023
1901:from the original on 25 November 2020
1457:lunar lander on Vulcan's first flight
7:
6165:Audi Lunar Quattro ×2 (PTScientists)
3460:from the original on 11 January 2024
3429:from the original on 18 January 2024
3373:from the original on 15 January 2024
3293:from the original on 10 January 2024
3262:from the original on 10 January 2024
3229:from the original on 10 January 2024
3020:from the original on 17 October 2022
2850:from the original on 7 December 2023
2747:from the original on 17 October 2022
2706:"Landers, laws, and lunar logistics"
2585:from the original on 17 October 2022
2294:from the original on 11 January 2024
2197:from the original on 13 October 2019
2166:from the original on 10 October 2019
2133:from the original on 10 January 2024
2036:from the original on 21 October 2019
1799:from the original on 19 January 2024
1766:from the original on 4 December 2023
1007:Space Research and Technology Centre
484:to help refine the lander's design.
3149:from the original on 8 January 2024
3118:from the original on 8 January 2024
3085:from the original on 8 January 2024
3051:from the original on 8 January 2024
2807:from the original on 6 January 2024
2781:from the original on 4 January 2024
2716:from the original on 14 August 2019
2685:from the original on 20 August 2019
2360:from the original on 7 January 2024
2327:from the original on 7 January 2024
2005:from the original on 13 August 2023
1833:from the original on 4 October 2019
1736:from the original on 7 January 2024
3754:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
3723:Korea Aerospace Research Institute
3713:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
2457:from the original on 19 April 2023
1972:from the original on 9 August 2019
1785:Jackie Wattles (19 January 2024).
1756:"Peregrine Mission 1 (Astrobotic)"
1576:Later, the company confirmed that
1028:Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN)
902:Neutron Spectrometer System (NSS)
306:and carried payloads for the NASA
14:
6339:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
3565:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
3495:from the original on 18 July 2022
3415:Jonathan Amos (18 January 2024).
2988:from the original on 27 July 2023
2974:J. D. Biersdorfer (7 July 2023).
2490:from the original on 14 June 2023
2393:from the original on 29 June 2021
2313:Jackie Wattles (7 January 2024).
2280:Jackie Wattles (8 January 2024).
2152:Stuart McDill (10 October 2019).
374:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
308:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
267:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
3980:
3979:
3248:Oliver Holmes (9 January 2024).
3137:Brett Tingley (8 January 2024).
2735:Debra Werner (24 October 2019).
2509:Tory Bruno (10 December 2023).
2412:Loren Grush (23 February 2023).
2346:Stephen Clark (7 January 2024).
2261:from the original on 30 May 2019
2228:from the original on 11 May 2019
1941:from the original on 8 June 2019
1911:
1722:Kenneth Chang (7 January 2024).
1703:from the original on 3 June 2019
1691:"Astrobotic: Payload User Guide"
1521:
1509:
1413:
1402:
1374:
1346:
1318:
1292:
1264:
1238:
1212:
1188:
1164:
1140:
1112:
1088:
1016:
920:
890:
837:
799:
768:
732:
690:
633:
603:
257:
6296:List of extraterrestrial rovers
3479:Tricia Talbert (18 July 2022).
3448:Jeff Foust (19 December 2023).
3335:Astrobotic (12 January 2024).
3171:Astrobotic (12 January 2024).
3073:Aaron McCrea (8 January 2024).
2952:Hardy, Ben (28 February 2024).
2089:Ryan Browne (10 October 2019).
1304:Memorial Space Flight Services
1182:Artwork, books, stories, music
1100:Bitcoin Magazine Genesis Plate
811:Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL)
294:, was an unsuccessful American
3312:Astrobotic (9 January 2024).
3194:Astrobotic (9 January 2024).
3104:Eric Berger (8 January 2024).
2681:(Press release). 23 May 2018.
2445:Nate Doughty (19 April 2023).
2024:Michael Cole (19 March 2018).
1001:project implemented by NASA's
940:PITMS was to characterize the
330:, where it burned up over the
244:(Bay of Stickiness, precluded)
90:
1:
3718:State Space Agency of Ukraine
3039:Jeff Foust (8 January 2024).
2185:Mike Wall (12 October 2019).
1863:. 31 May 2019. Archived from
1598:burn up in Earth's atmosphere
1331:Memory of Mankind on the Moon
757:and was slated to fly on the
137:1,283 kg (2,829 lb)
6281:List of missions to the Moon
4502:SDA Tracking Layer Tranche 0
3281:Mike Wall (9 January 2024).
3217:Mike Wall (8 January 2024).
2476:Eric Berger (14 June 2023).
2379:Eric Berger (25 June 2021).
1821:Mike Wall (3 October 2019).
1134:Commercial payload capsules
298:mission. The lander, dubbed
233:23 February 2024 (precluded)
3808:Vandenberg Space Force Base
2704:Jeff Foust (13 June 2016).
2247:Loren Grush (15 May 2018).
1991:Loren Grush (5 June 2019).
1003:Goddard Space Flight Center
6365:
4206:Rocket City Space Pioneers
4193:Penn State Lunar Lion Team
3575:Gateway Logistics Services
3570:Exploration Ground Systems
2913:"Astrobotic-Press Kit 508"
2573:Jeff Foust (3 June 2016).
2064:Carnegie Mellon University
1364:Carnegie Mellon University
1063:
827:(speed and direction) and
703:Laser Retroreflector Array
653:Carnegie Mellon University
506:, trajectory corrections,
389:Carnegie Mellon University
387:, and a larger rover from
290:, commonly referred to as
6304:
6291:Rover (space exploration)
6225:Space Exploration Vehicle
5194:
3975:
3825:White Sands Missile Range
3674:
3548:
2216:Mike Wall (16 May 2018).
1960:Mike Wall (1 June 2018).
1051:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
622:Agencia Espacial Mexicana
407:. Space burial companies
256:
252:
248:
199:
195:
145:
141:
114:
110:
41:
26:
3728:New Zealand Space Agency
1469:mission. Lift-off from
780:M-42 Radiation Detector
520:hypergolic bi-propellant
482:Airbus Defence and Space
158:8 January 2024, 07:18:38
3698:Australian Space Agency
1433:Stories by 133 authors
1392:Arch Mission Foundation
1336:Puli Space Technologies
997:PITMS was a joint NASA-
546:that is recharged by a
365:lander aboard a Vulcan
351:Space Launch Complex 41
4252:(Part-Time Scientists)
3798:Mission Control Center
3738:Saudi Space Commission
3733:Brazilian Space Agency
2060:Planetary Robotics Lab
1458:
1200:Footsteps on the Moon
557:For communications to
469:
426:In June 2021, ULA CEO
361:(ULA) to launch their
359:United Launch Alliance
354:
288:Lunar Lander flight 01
212:18 January 2024, 21:04
162:2024-01-08UTC07:18:38Z
6132:Lunar Terrain Vehicle
6046:Peregrine Mission One
6036:Peregrine Mission One
4392:Peregrine Mission One
3914:Lunar Terrain Vehicle
3708:European Space Agency
3703:Canadian Space Agency
3359:Astrobotic Technology
2884:Astrobotic Technology
2775:Astrobotic Technology
2647:Astrobotic Technology
2613:Astrobotic Technology
2541:Astrobotic Technology
1861:Astrobotic Technology
1696:Astrobotic Technology
1488:trans-lunar injection
1465:rocket to launch the
1452:
1445:Launch and trajectory
1064:Further information:
721:, all embedded in an
508:lunar orbit insertion
504:trans-lunar injection
463:
345:
304:Astrobotic Technology
292:Peregrine Mission One
119:Spacecraft properties
61:Astrobotic Technology
22:Peregrine Mission One
6349:Missions to the Moon
5888:Lunar Roving Vehicle
4346:Orbital launches in
4188:Part-Time Scientists
4027:Google Lunar X Prize
3892:Human Landing System
3781:Kennedy Space Center
1897:. 29 November 2018.
1425:Writers on the Moon
1047:Johnson Space Center
882:Ames Research Center
349:being rolled out to
334:on 18 January 2024.
104:10 days (final)
6324:2024 in spaceflight
6252:Resource Prospector
4140:Barcelona Moon Team
3856:Space Launch System
3361:(14 January 2024).
3079:NASASpaceflight.com
2451:www.bizjournals.com
2129:. 10 October 2019.
2030:Spaceflight Insider
1867:on 4 September 2020
1760:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
1613:spacecraft cemetery
1429:Writers on the Moon
1277:Lunar Dream Capsule
1158:Commercial payload
627:the lunar surface.
544:lithium-ion battery
436:wet dress rehearsal
419:, whose president,
401:Long Now Foundation
316:Apollo Lunar Module
216:2024-01-18UTC21:05Z
23:
6344:Peregrine Payloads
6277:(2007 documentary)
6170:Deep Space Systems
6142:Hakuto-R Mission 2
6069:Hakuto-R Mission 1
6011:Hakuto-R Mission 1
5821:(2019–present, on
5163:WorldView Legion 4
5159:WorldView Legion 3
4837:WorldView Legion 2
4833:WorldView Legion 1
4616:(20 satellites),
4063:X Prize Foundation
3928:Robotic spacecraft
3367:www.astrobotic.com
2981:The New York Times
2880:www.astrobotic.com
2771:www.astrobotic.com
2678:Aerojet Rocketdyne
2643:www.astrobotic.com
2609:www.astrobotic.com
2537:www.astrobotic.com
2533:"Peregrine Lander"
2103:on 12 October 2019
2070:on 3 February 2015
1857:www.astrobotic.com
1729:The New York Times
1640:Intuitive Machines
1459:
1387:The Arch Libraries
1203:Lunar Mission One
1155:Quantum Aerospace
1079:Agency or company
681:Agency or company
594:Agency or company
470:
355:
328:Earth's atmosphere
242:Sinus Viscositatis
6311:
6310:
6210:OrbitBeyond rover
6102:
6101:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5708:
5707:
5447:
5446:
5302:
5301:
5206:
5205:
4468:Lemur-2 / Skylark
4305:
4304:
3993:
3992:
3885:Crewed spacecraft
3672:
3671:
2653:on 1 October 2019
1893:(Press release).
1859:(Press release).
1538: Peregrine
1437:
1436:
1312:Memorial capsule
1232:Memorial capsule
1057:
1056:
665:
664:
446:Gruithuisen Gamma
282:
281:
6356:
6274:Tank on the Moon
6190:Luna-Grunt rover
6145:
5837:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5773:
5717:
5537:
5311:
5252:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5210:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4144:C-Base Open Moon
4020:
4013:
4006:
3997:
3983:
3982:
3680:
3588:
3553:List of missions
3535:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2917:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2877:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2832:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2710:The Space Review
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2649:. Archived from
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2605:"Griffin Lander"
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2099:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2066:. Archived from
2056:"Andy's Mission"
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1687:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1525:
1516:Around the Earth
1513:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1070:
1022:
1020:
1019:
926:
924:
923:
896:
894:
893:
843:
841:
840:
805:
803:
802:
774:
772:
771:
738:
736:
735:
696:
694:
693:
672:
639:
637:
636:
609:
607:
606:
585:
524:attitude control
261:
219:
217:
165:
163:
150:Start of mission
101:Mission duration
92:
83:
82:
76:
31:
24:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6329:2024 in Florida
6314:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6300:
6261:
6234:
6148:
6136:
6098:
6067:(2022–2023, on
6051:
6016:
6009:(2022–2023, on
5991:
5954:
5935:(2013–2016, on
5917:
5874:
5857:(1970–1971, on
5849:Lunokhod 0 (1A)
5828:
5805:
5800:
5770:
5761:
5704:
5667:
5642:
5603:
5578:
5528:
5443:
5350:
5298:
5260:
5243:
5237:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5190:
5187:(21 satellites)
5176:(22 satellites)
5150:(23 satellites)
5130:(21 satellites)
5124:(18 satellites)
5113:(23 satellites)
5102:(23 satellites)
5088:
5079:(21 satellites)
5073:(23 satellites)
5067:(23 satellites)
5051:(20 satellites)
5032:
5024:(20 satellites)
5018:(23 satellites)
5007:(20 satellites)
5001:(22 satellites)
4985:(20 satellites)
4979:(20 satellites)
4973:(22 satellites)
4967:(20 satellites)
4961:(23 satellites)
4947:
4929:(23 satellites)
4923:(23 satellites)
4917:(23 satellites)
4911:(21 satellites)
4899:(23 satellites)
4888:(20 satellites)
4882:(23 satellites)
4871:(20 satellites)
4865:(23 satellites)
4859:(23 satellites)
4844:(23 satellites)
4821:
4818:(23 satellites)
4790:(23 satellites)
4779:(23 satellites)
4773:(23 satellites)
4767:(23 satellites)
4756:(23 satellites)
4728:(21 satellites)
4722:(23 satellites)
4711:(22 satellites)
4697:
4689:(23 satellites)
4673:(23 satellites)
4667:(23 satellites)
4610:(23 satellites)
4604:(23 satellites)
4598:(23 satellites)
4592:(23 satellites)
4566:
4563:(23 satellites)
4556:Meteor-M No.2-4
4552:(24 satellites)
4541:(22 satellites)
4525:(22 satellites)
4498:(22 satellites)
4473:
4459:(22 satellites)
4453:(23 satellites)
4447:(22 satellites)
4434:Axiom Mission 3
4424:(23 satellites)
4418:(22 satellites)
4388:(23 satellites)
4377:(21 satellites)
4358:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4306:
4301:
4238:
4176:Next Giant Leap
4115:Withdrawn teams
4110:
4074:
4068:Peter Diamandis
4029:
4024:
3994:
3989:
3971:
3923:
3880:
3829:
3803:SpaceX Starbase
3742:
3681:
3668:
3633:
3579:
3544:
3542:Artemis program
3539:
3509:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3016:. 15 May 2014.
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2834:
2833:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2767:"Moon Manifest"
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1937:. 2 June 2018.
1929:
1928:
1924:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1688:
1663:
1658:
1633:
1594:
1570:
1568:Propellant leak
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:Around the Moon
1526:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1484:low Earth orbit
1447:
1442:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1375:
1373:
1347:
1345:
1319:
1317:
1293:
1291:
1265:
1263:
1258:Cryptocurrency
1239:
1237:
1213:
1211:
1189:
1187:
1165:
1163:
1141:
1139:
1113:
1111:
1089:
1087:
1068:
1062:
1017:
1015:
986:composition to
970:
942:lunar exosphere
921:
919:
891:
889:
879:
870:
862:
838:
836:
800:
798:
769:
767:
733:
731:
691:
689:
634:
632:
604:
602:
583:
578:
458:
405:Rosetta Project
397:Knowledge (XXG)
340:
302:, was built by
278:
277:
270:
262:
215:
213:
161:
159:
105:
77:
72:
37:
36:ahead of launch
17:
12:
11:
5:
6362:
6360:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6316:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6134:
6129:
6117:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6082:
6072:
6061:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:× 5 (2024, on
6039:
6026:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6001:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5977:
5964:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5944:Yidong Xiangji
5940:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5895:
5884:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5862:
5852:
5845:
5843:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5776:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5723:
5721:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5696:
5686:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5659:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5627:
5626:
5620:
5613:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5595:
5588:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5545:
5543:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5213:
5204:
5203:
5199:Crewed flights
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5182:
5177:
5174:Starlink G10-5
5171:
5170:(9 satellites)
5165:
5156:
5154:Progress MS-28
5151:
5148:Starlink G10-7
5145:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5114:
5111:Starlink G11-1
5108:
5103:
5100:Starlink G10-6
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5085:(3 satellites)
5080:
5074:
5071:Starlink G10-4
5068:
5065:Starlink G10-9
5062:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5016:Starlink G10-3
5013:
5008:
5002:
4999:Starlink G10-2
4996:
4991:
4986:
4980:
4974:
4971:Starlink G10-1
4968:
4962:
4959:Starlink G6-64
4955:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4938:Progress MS-27
4935:
4930:
4927:Starlink G6-60
4924:
4921:Starlink G6-63
4918:
4915:Starlink G6-62
4912:
4906:
4905:(4 satellites)
4900:
4897:Starlink G6-59
4894:
4889:
4883:
4880:Starlink G6-58
4877:
4872:
4866:
4863:Starlink G6-56
4860:
4857:Starlink G6-57
4854:
4845:
4842:Starlink G6-55
4839:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4816:Starlink G6-54
4813:
4798:
4791:
4788:Starlink G6-53
4785:
4780:
4777:Starlink G6-52
4774:
4771:Starlink G6-51
4768:
4765:Starlink G6-49
4762:
4757:
4754:Starlink G6-48
4751:
4742:
4729:
4723:
4720:Starlink G6-47
4717:
4712:
4709:Starlink G7-18
4705:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4687:Starlink G6-45
4684:
4679:
4674:
4671:Starlink G6-46
4668:
4665:Starlink G6-42
4662:
4657:
4651:
4650:(6 satellites)
4645:
4632:
4614:Starlink G7-16
4611:
4608:Starlink G6-44
4605:
4602:Starlink G7-17
4599:
4596:Starlink G6-43
4593:
4590:Starlink G6-41
4587:
4582:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4561:Starlink G6-40
4558:
4553:
4550:Starlink G6-39
4547:
4542:
4539:Starlink G7-15
4536:
4531:
4526:
4523:Starlink G7-14
4520:
4510:
4508:Progress MS-26
4505:
4499:
4496:Starlink G7-13
4493:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4460:
4457:Starlink G7-12
4454:
4451:Starlink G6-38
4448:
4445:Starlink G7-11
4442:
4437:
4430:
4425:
4422:Starlink G6-37
4419:
4416:Starlink G7-10
4413:
4408:
4406:Einstein Probe
4403:
4389:
4386:Starlink G6-35
4383:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4291:
4290:(Synergy Moon)
4285:
4279:
4273:
4272:(Moon Express)
4267:
4261:
4253:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:Team Phoenicia
4227:
4224:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4158:Independence-X
4155:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4079:Finalist teams
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3961:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3866:Vulcan Centaur
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3616:
3610:
3601:
3594:
3592:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3471:
3440:
3407:
3400:) – via
3384:
3350:
3343:) – via
3327:
3320:) – via
3304:
3273:
3240:
3209:
3202:) – via
3186:
3179:) – via
3160:
3129:
3096:
3062:
3031:
2999:
2966:
2944:
2904:
2861:
2818:
2792:
2758:
2727:
2696:
2664:
2630:
2596:
2558:
2524:
2517:) – via
2501:
2468:
2437:
2404:
2371:
2338:
2305:
2272:
2239:
2208:
2177:
2144:
2114:
2081:
2047:
2016:
1983:
1952:
1922:
1878:
1844:
1810:
1777:
1747:
1714:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1632:
1629:
1593:
1590:
1569:
1566:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1463:Vulcan Centaur
1453:Launch of the
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1250:Lunar Bitcoin
1248:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:United Kingdom
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1012:
1011:
968:
938:
933:
930:
916:
915:
908:
903:
900:
886:
885:
877:
868:
860:
855:
850:
847:
833:
832:
817:
812:
809:
795:
794:
786:
781:
778:
764:
763:
750:
745:
742:
728:
727:
715:retroreflector
711:
706:
700:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
663:
662:
655:
650:
643:
629:
628:
624:
619:
613:
599:
598:
595:
592:
589:
582:
579:
577:
574:
494:is largely of
457:
454:
385:Team AngelicvM
367:launch vehicle
339:
336:
312:Vulcan Centaur
280:
279:
272:
271:
264:
263:Mission Patch
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
222:
221:
210:
206:
205:
204:End of mission
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
183:
179:
178:
175:Vulcan Centaur
172:
168:
167:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
94:
85:
84:
70:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
47:
43:
42:
39:
38:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6361:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:Lunar Cruiser
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5987:
5986:Chandrayaan-3
5983:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:Chandrayaan-2
5971:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5797:
5792:
5790:
5785:
5783:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5617:Blue Ghost M1
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
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5469:Chandrayaan-2
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5362:Chandrayaan-3
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5240:Lunar landing
5234:
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5200:
5193:
5186:
5185:Starlink G8-6
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5128:Starlink G8-3
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5017:
5014:
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5005:Starlink G9-2
5003:
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4997:
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4987:
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4983:Starlink G9-1
4981:
4978:
4977:Starlink G8-8
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4886:Starlink G8-7
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4869:Starlink G8-2
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4726:Starlink G8-1
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4707:
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4660:SpaceX CRS-30
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4579:SpaceX Crew-8
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4411:IGS-Optical 8
4409:
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4375:Starlink G7-9
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4173:Mystical Moon
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4046:Sundar Pichai
4044:
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4016:
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3909:Lunar Gateway
3907:
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3454:SpaceNews.com
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3063:
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3046:
3045:SpaceNews.com
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3019:
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3013:Business Wire
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2020:
2017:
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1971:
1967:
1963:
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1935:Astronomy Now
1932:
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1918:public domain
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1617:South Pacific
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1421:United States
1411:
1400:
1399:
1396:Time capsule
1395:
1393:
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1383:
1382:United States
1372:
1371:
1368:Lunar Museum
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:United States
1344:
1343:
1340:Time capsule
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1308:Elysium Space
1306:
1303:
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1300:United States
1290:
1289:
1286:Time capsule
1285:
1283:
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1275:
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1220:United States
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1199:
1197:
1186:
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1148:United States
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1128:
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1096:United States
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1060:Time capsules
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1027:
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1024:United States
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928:United States
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899:
898:United States
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845:United States
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822:
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807:United States
797:
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740:United States
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698:United States
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641:United States
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439:
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432:
429:
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422:
418:
417:Navajo Nation
414:
410:
409:Elysium Space
406:
402:
399:contents and
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
370:
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364:
360:
352:
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335:
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332:Pacific Ocean
329:
323:
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305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
287:
276: →
275:
269:
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69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
25:
19:
6272:
6205:Moon Express
6137:
6123:
6091:) (2024, on
6045:
6035:
6029:
6004:
5979:
5967:
5943:
5930:
5816:
5803:Lunar rovers
5513:
5198:
5168:Yaogan 43-01
5117:Cygnus NG-21
5060:Gaofen-11 05
4793:
4783:Yaogan 42-02
4715:Yaogan 42-01
4682:Eutelsat 36D
4577:
4463:Cygnus NG-20
4432:
4391:
4294:
4278:(Astrobotic)
4255:
4180:Odyssey Moon
4101:Synergy Moon
4091:Moon Express
3964:
3956:
3851:Falcon Heavy
3619:
3604:
3603:
3497:. Retrieved
3484:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3453:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3420:
3410:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3366:
3353:
3330:
3307:
3295:. Retrieved
3286:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3255:The Guardian
3253:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3222:
3212:
3189:
3151:. Retrieved
3142:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3111:Ars Technica
3109:
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3078:
3053:. Retrieved
3044:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3011:
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2979:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2919:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2879:
2852:. Retrieved
2839:
2809:. Retrieved
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2770:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2740:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2709:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2676:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:the original
2642:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2608:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2578:
2549:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2483:Ars Technica
2481:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2386:Ars Technica
2384:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2353:Ars Technica
2351:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2318:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2285:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2221:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2190:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2157:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2126:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2059:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2029:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1996:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1965:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1903:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1856:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1826:
1801:. Retrieved
1790:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1694:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1606:
1602:space debris
1595:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1560: Earth
1552:
1541:
1496:
1491:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1176:Lunar Codex
1066:Time capsule
1053:, and Moog.
996:
964:
949:
865:and OH) and
667:
666:
659:carbon fiber
645:
581:Lunar rovers
556:
551:
541:
536:
535:
528:
488:
486:
477:
473:
471:
465:
450:
441:
440:
433:
425:
392:
378:
371:
362:
356:
346:
324:
299:
296:lunar lander
291:
285:
284:
283:
265:
238:Landing site
230:Landing date
127:
46:Mission type
33:
18:
6195:LUPEX rover
5960:Chandrayaan
5752:OrbitBeyond
5689:Hakuto-R M2
5679:Beresheet 2
5474:Hakuto-R M1
5180:ChinaSat 4A
5028:ChinaSat 3A
4943:Paksat-MM1R
4892:Kosmos 2576
4795:Shenzhou 18
4693:Resurs-P №4
4677:Yunhai-3 02
4648:Yunhai-2 02
4492:/ Razbeg №2
4490:Kosmos 2575
4298:(AngelicvM)
4266:(TeamIndus)
4264:HHK-1 / ECA
4235:Team SELENE
4232:Team Plan B
4226:Team Italia
4184:Omega Envoy
4169:Micro-Space
4056:Sergey Brin
3651:Artemis III
3607:Mission One
3464:20 December
2959:3 September
2801:"IRIS Home"
2623:10 December
2074:20 December
1905:29 November
1707:10 December
1549: Moon
1206:Image bank
1179:Incandence
1152:AstroVault
1125:DHL MoonBox
975:noble gases
755:Orion EFT-1
668:Instruments
548:solar panel
464:Astrobotic
225:Moon lander
182:Launch site
155:Launch date
134:Launch mass
6318:Categories
6286:Mars rover
6246:Lunokhod 3
6200:Moon Diver
6114:MoonRanger
6077:(2024, on
6034:(2024, on
5984:(2023, on
5972:(2019, on
5947:(2024, on
5867:(1973, on
5865:Lunokhod 2
5855:Lunokhod 1
5757:McCandless
5519:Surveyor 2
5509:OMOTENASHI
5419:Surveyor 1
5122:Qianfan 01
5055:Türksat 6A
4903:Beijing-3C
4630:Starshield
4622:Starshield
4585:AEROS MH-1
4428:Tianzhou 7
4243:Spacecraft
4214:Selenokhod
4135:Astrobotic
4051:Larry Page
4034:Organizers
3747:Facilities
3657:Artemis IV
3645:Artemis II
3620:Blue Ghost
3558:astronauts
3433:18 January
3377:15 January
3297:10 January
3266:10 January
3233:10 January
3024:6 February
2937:5 December
2897:5 December
2854:5 December
2751:28 January
2201:14 October
2170:10 October
2137:10 January
2107:10 October
1803:19 January
1770:31 October
1656:References
1609:Point Nemo
1282:Astroscale
1246:Seychelles
1032:Astrobotic
819:NDL was a
759:Orion EM-1
428:Tory Bruno
421:Buu Nygren
220: UTC
209:Decay date
124:Spacecraft
6239:Cancelled
6230:Team Puli
6138:TENACIOUS
6120:Chang'e 7
5949:Chang'e 6
5937:Chang'e 3
5912:Apollo 17
5902:Apollo 16
5892:Apollo 15
5823:Chang'e 4
5648:Luna-Glob
5549:Artemis 3
5514:Peregrine
5464:Beresheet
5459:Apollo 13
5367:Chang'e 3
5321:Apollo 11
5277:Chang'e 6
5272:Chang'e 4
4933:EarthCARE
4875:Shiyan 23
4848:Chang'e 6
4635:Queqiao-2
4529:INSAT-3DS
4276:Peregrine
4260:(SpaceIL)
4257:Beresheet
4219:SpaceMETA
4198:Team Puli
4125:AngelicvM
4106:TeamIndus
3958:Peregrine
3902:Blue Moon
3876:New Glenn
3663:Artemis V
3605:Peregrine
3598:Artemis I
3287:Space.com
3223:Space.com
3153:8 January
3143:Space.com
3122:8 January
3089:8 January
3055:8 January
2811:3 January
2785:3 January
2720:20 August
2689:20 August
2657:1 October
2589:20 August
2419:Bloomberg
2364:8 January
2331:8 January
2298:8 January
2254:The Verge
2222:Space.com
2191:Space.com
2040:20 August
2009:20 August
1998:The Verge
1976:20 August
1966:Space.com
1945:20 August
1871:20 August
1837:2 October
1827:Space.com
1740:8 January
1636:Peregrine
1600:to avoid
1586:Peregrine
1578:Peregrine
1492:Peregrine
1467:Peregrine
1455:Peregrine
1103:BIT Inc.
954:with the
952:comet 67P
946:lunar day
790:Artemis I
552:Peregrine
537:Peregrine
489:Peregrine
474:Peregrine
466:Peregrine
442:Peregrine
363:Peregrine
347:Peregrine
322:in 1972.
320:Apollo 17
300:Peregrine
286:Peregrine
166: UTC
128:Peregrine
74:2024-006A
68:COSPAR ID
34:Peregrine
6180:HERACLES
6153:Proposed
6128:) (2026)
6125:Rashid 2
5841:Lunokhod
5713:Proposed
5287:EagleCam
5242:missions
5134:Acadia-3
4989:Astra 1P
4909:NROL-146
4811:FOC FM26
4804:FOC FM25
4749:Orion 12
4732:Acadia-4
4656:/ RASR-5
4643:Tiandu-2
4639:Tiandu-1
4517:EagleCam
4478:February
4284:(Hakuto)
4202:Quantum3
4165:LunaTrex
4148:Euroluna
4121:Advaeros
3985:Category
3945:Argonaut
3940:HERACLES
3935:CAPSTONE
3897:Starship
3871:Ariane 6
3861:Starship
3846:Falcon 9
3841:Electron
3686:Agencies
3591:Uncrewed
3584:Missions
3493:Archived
3485:nasa.gov
3458:Archived
3427:Archived
3422:BBC News
3371:Archived
3291:Archived
3260:Archived
3227:Archived
3147:Archived
3116:Archived
3083:Archived
3049:Archived
3018:Archived
2986:Archived
2928:Archived
2920:nasa.gov
2888:Archived
2848:Archived
2840:nasa.gov
2805:Archived
2779:Archived
2745:Archived
2714:Archived
2683:Archived
2617:Archived
2583:Archived
2545:Archived
2488:Archived
2461:25 April
2455:Archived
2430:22 March
2424:Archived
2391:Archived
2358:Archived
2325:Archived
2292:Archived
2259:Archived
2226:Archived
2195:Archived
2164:Archived
2131:Archived
2127:Sky News
2034:Archived
2003:Archived
1970:Archived
1939:Archived
1899:Archived
1891:nasa.gov
1831:Archived
1797:Archived
1764:Archived
1734:Archived
1701:Archived
1699:. 2018.
1645:Odysseus
1625:Canberra
1228:Celestis
1224:Luna 02
1073:Country
979:nitrogen
958:lander,
912:hydrogen
829:altitude
825:velocity
723:aluminum
684:Summary
675:Country
597:Summary
588:Country
576:Payloads
496:aluminum
413:Celestis
391:, named
57:Operator
6266:Related
6215:Polaris
6160:ATHLETE
6107:Planned
6042:Colmena
5981:Pragyan
5969:Pragyan
5910:(1972,
5900:(1972,
5890:(1971,
5869:Luna 21
5859:Luna 17
5737:Firefly
5727:Redwire
5695:, 2024)
5685:, 2025)
5683:SpaceIL
5656:Luna 27
5541:Artemis
5533:Planned
5355:Robotic
5265:Robotic
5106:StriX-2
5083:USA-396
5022:USA-375
4852:ICUBE-Q
4808:Galileo
4801:Galileo
4760:WSF-M 1
4745:USA-353
4740:TSAT-1A
4654:USA-352
4626:USA-351
4618:USA-350
4534:ADRAS-J
4400:Colmena
4381:Ovzon-3
4363:January
4223:STELLAR
4153:FREDNET
4096:SpaceIL
3834:Rockets
3759:SLC-37B
3499:18 July
3402:Twitter
3345:Twitter
3322:Twitter
3204:Twitter
3181:Twitter
2519:Twitter
2494:14 June
2397:30 June
2159:Reuters
1650:Griffin
1615:in the
1592:Reentry
1440:Mission
1359:MoonArk
1326:Hungary
1120:Germany
1106:Plaque
1043:million
956:Rosetta
874:methane
776:Germany
616:Colmena
478:Griffin
338:History
214: (
160: (
89:SATCAT
52:landing
6248:(1977)
6220:Scarab
6116:(2023)
6089:Sora-Q
6065:Sora-Q
6006:Rashid
5997:Rashid
5880:Apollo
5851:(1969)
5818:Yutu-2
5810:Active
5747:MoonEx
5742:Masten
5732:Draper
5701:(2026)
5693:ispace
5672:Others
5664:(2030)
5658:(2028)
5639:(2025)
5633:(2025)
5625:(2026)
5619:(2024)
5600:(2028)
5594:(2026)
5575:(2032)
5569:(2031)
5563:(2030)
5557:(2028)
5551:(2026)
5479:Luna 5
5452:Failed
5377:Luna 9
5314:Crewed
5255:Crewed
5248:Active
5143:ASBM-2
5139:ASBM-1
5093:August
5044:ALOS-4
5011:GOES-U
4545:TJS-11
4440:Soraya
4370:XPoSat
4355:2025 →
4340:← 2023
4282:SORATO
4162:JURBAN
4086:Hakuto
4041:Google
3952:Nova-C
3818:SLC-4E
3813:SLC-3E
3791:LC-39B
3786:LC-39A
3774:SLC-46
3769:SLC-41
3764:SLC-40
3665:(2030)
3659:(2028)
3653:(2026)
3647:(2025)
3638:Crewed
3630:(2025)
3624:(2024)
3615:(2024)
3609:(2024)
3600:(2022)
2992:7 July
2551:5 June
2265:16 May
2232:16 May
1631:Future
1558:
1553:·
1551:
1547:
1542:·
1540:
1536:
1418:
1410:Canada
1407:
1379:
1351:
1323:
1297:
1269:
1254:BitMEX
1243:
1217:
1193:
1172:Canada
1169:
1145:
1117:
1093:
1039:meters
1021:
983:sodium
981:, and
960:Philae
925:
895:
842:
804:
773:
737:
705:(LRA)
695:
638:
611:Mexico
608:
563:X-band
522:. For
512:MON-25
468:lander
456:Lander
381:Hakuto
190:SLC-41
171:Rocket
6257:VIPER
6085:LEV-2
6075:LEV-1
5908:LRV-3
5898:LRV-2
4738:× 6,
4702:April
4571:March
4295:Unity
4288:Tesla
4270:MX-1E
4250:ALINA
3967:rover
3965:VIPER
3919:Orion
3398:Tweet
3341:Tweet
3318:Tweet
3200:Tweet
3177:Tweet
2931:(PDF)
2916:(PDF)
2891:(PDF)
2876:(PDF)
2515:Tweet
1555:
1544:
1272:Japan
1082:Type
1076:Name
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988:LADEE
821:LIDAR
719:prism
678:Name
591:Name
570:Wi-Fi
559:Earth
531:LiDAR
326:into
186:CCSFS
96:58751
50:Lunar
6140:(on
6093:SLIM
6079:SLIM
6057:JAXA
6031:Iris
6022:CLPS
5932:Yutu
5923:CLEP
5833:Past
5720:CLPS
5637:IM-3
5631:IM-2
5609:CLPS
5584:CLEP
5307:Past
5294:SLIM
5282:IM-1
5259:none
5037:July
4994:SVOM
4952:June
4736:Hawk
4513:IM-1
4485:PACE
4402:× 5)
4396:Iris
4348:2024
4210:SCSG
4130:ARCA
3693:NASA
3628:IM-2
3613:IM-1
3501:2022
3489:NASA
3466:2023
3435:2024
3379:2024
3299:2024
3268:2024
3235:2024
3155:2024
3124:2024
3091:2024
3057:2024
3026:2021
2994:2023
2961:2024
2939:2023
2924:NASA
2899:2023
2856:2023
2844:NASA
2813:2024
2787:2024
2753:2020
2722:2019
2691:2019
2659:2019
2625:2018
2591:2019
2553:2019
2496:2023
2463:2023
2432:2023
2399:2021
2366:2024
2333:2024
2300:2024
2267:2018
2234:2018
2203:2019
2172:2019
2139:2024
2109:2019
2096:CNBC
2076:2018
2042:2019
2011:2019
1978:2019
1947:2019
1907:2018
1895:NASA
1873:2019
1839:2019
1805:2024
1772:2023
1742:2024
1709:2018
1611:, a
1480:burn
1476:BE-4
936:NASA
906:NASA
872:and
853:NASA
815:NASA
748:NASA
709:NASA
647:Iris
618:× 5
518:, a
487:The
411:and
393:Andy
274:IM-1
177:VC2S
6175:ECA
4826:May
4504:× 4
4470:× 4
2320:CNN
2287:CNN
1792:CNN
1623:in
1621:DSN
1130:DHL
999:ESA
876:(CH
784:DLR
567:GHz
516:MMH
492:bus
448:.
403:'s
318:on
91:no.
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5699:M3
5662:28
5623:M2
5504:25
5499:18
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5407:23
5402:21
5397:20
5392:17
5387:16
5382:13
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