233:(1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted. The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local
202:
65:
22:
286:
The people believed in an all-powerful master named
Niparaya, creator of heaven and earth. His wife is Amayicoyondi and they had three sons. One is called Quaayayp, who created the race of men. He was later killed by them. The second was Acaragui. The third was called Wac or Tuparan, depending on the
169:
Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo
257:
The Pericú were one of the few aboriginal groups on the
California coasts to possess watercraft other than tule balsas, making use of wooden rafts and double-bladed paddles. Nets, spears or harpoons, darts, and bows and arrows were tools for procuring fish and meat. Bags, baskets, and gourds were
266:
The division of labor among the Pericú was evidently based primarily or exclusively on sex and age. They were variously reported as being either monogamous or polygamous. Communities seem to have been politically independent. Leadership positions were hereditary and were sometimes held by women.
253:
The Pericú are best known for their maritime orientation, harvesting fish, shellfish, and marine mammals from the waters of the southern Gulf of
California. Terrestrial resources such as agave, the fruit of cacti, small game, and deer were also important. Agriculture was not practiced.
111:
argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the
Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720. An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.
549:
González-José, Rolando; González-Martín, Antonio; Hernández, Miguel; Pucciarelli, Hector M.; Sardi, Marina; Rosales, Alfonso; van der Molen, Silvina (2003). "Craniometric evidence for
Palaeoamerican survival in Baja California".
157:(long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers. The distinctive
165:
and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North
America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.
258:
used for carrying, since pottery was not made. The requirements for shelter and clothing were minimal, although the women wore skirts of fiber or animal skins and both sexes adopted various forms of adornment.
230:
245:
The Pericú are known primarily through the accounts of early
European visitors. The most detailed of these were left by English privateers who spent time at Cabo San Lucas in 1709–1710 and 1721.
222:
132:. Massey suggested that Pericú and Guaycura had together constituted a Guaycuran language family, but this seems to have been based purely on their geographic proximity.
221:
in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at
712:
124:
is extinct and unattested. Evidence concerning the language spoken by the Pericú is limited to a handful of words plus fewer than a dozen place names.
189:
Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of
European explorers, privateers, missionaries,
717:
161:, involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted. The continued use of the
707:
511:
58:
702:
226:
100:
group known as the Cora. Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.
283:
claimed to be able to effect supernatural cures of the sick. Mortuary and mourning observances were particularly elaborate.
640:
Mathes, W. Michael (1975). "Some new observations relative to the indigenous inhabitants of La Paz, Baja
California Sur".
34:
186:, the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.
104:
559:
Laylander, Don (1997). "The linguistic prehistory of Baja
California". In Gary S. Breschini; Trudy Haversat (eds.).
73:
218:
590:
85:
84:, together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José.
179:
615:
Massey, William C. (1961). "The survival of the dart-thrower on the peninsula of Baja California".
93:
89:
38:
183:
296:
158:
121:
201:
653:
Mathes, W. Michael (2006). "Ethnohistoric Evidence". In Don Laylander; Jerry D. Moore (eds.).
628:
507:
129:
108:
267:
Inter-community and inter-ethnic warfare seems to have been frequent, and conflicts with the
209:, at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.
206:
268:
97:
655:
The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula
542:
The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula
145:
The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early
190:
154:
77:
107:
area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe.
696:
41:. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.
540:
Fujita, Harumi (2006). "The Cape Region". In Don Laylander; Jerry D. Moore (eds.).
21:
150:
577:
León-Portilla, Miguel (1976). "Sobre la lengua pericú de la Baja California".
81:
280:
662:
Rivet, Paul (1909). "Recherches anthropologiques sur la Basse-Californie".
64:
561:
Contributions to the Linguistic Prehistory of Central and Baja California
193:, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.
146:
234:
214:
57:
162:
125:
200:
63:
20:
72:
The Pericú people's territory was along the southern edge of the
279:
Fragments of Pericú mythology were recorded in the early 1730s.
217:
established their first permanent mission in Baja California at
178:
Spanish contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when
88:
thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including
688:. La Paz, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur.
686:
Obras californianas del padre Miguel Venegas, S.J. - 5 volumes
608:
Culture History in the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico
37:. They lived in the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of
56:
657:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 42–66.
544:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 82–98.
128:
missionaries recognized Pericú as a language distinct from
49:
The Pericú are also known as Pericues, Cora, and Edues.
16:
Historical Indigenous peoples of Baja California, Mexico
381:
365:
363:
314:
312:
149:, about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late
593:(1949). "Tribes and languages of Baja California".
563:. Salinas, California: Coyote Press. pp. 1–94.
68:
Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.
677:The Indian Uprising in Lower California, 1734-1737
610:(PhD thesis). Berkeley: University of California.
664:Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris
570:Early Ethnography of the Californias: 1533-1825
170:Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.
25:Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726
354:
182:and mutineers from an expedition sent out by
8:
554:(in Spanish). Vol. 425. pp. 62–5.
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506:. Dover Thrift Editions. p. 138.
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7:
633:The Conquistador in California: 1535
617:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
595:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
572:. Salinas, California: Coyote Press.
533:English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas
713:Indigenous peoples of Aridoamerica
642:Journal of California Anthropology
635:. Los Angeles: Dawson’s Book Shop.
535:. Los Angeles: Dawson’s Book Shop.
14:
249:Subsistence and material culture
679:. Los Angeles: Quivira Society.
718:History of Baja California Sur
1:
708:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
675:Taraval, Sigismundo (1931).
35:Indigenous peoples of Mexico
606:Massey, William C. (1955).
531:Andrews, Thomas F. (1979).
382:González-José et al. (2003)
734:
159:Las Palmas burial complex
74:Baja California Peninsula
684:Venegas, Miguel (1979).
703:Ethnic groups in Mexico
568:Laylander, Don (2000).
579:Anales de Antropologia
502:Spence, Lewis (2006).
210:
69:
61:
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504:Native American Myths
204:
67:
60:
24:
355:León-Portilla (1976)
155:hyperdolichocephalic
96:, was occupied by a
492:, Vol. 4 pp. 524-5.
262:Social organization
241:Traditional culture
39:Baja California Sur
629:Mathes, W. Michael
591:Massey, William C.
297:Las Palmas complex
211:
153:. The distinctive
103:The status of the
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231:San José del Cabo
109:W. Michael Mathes
86:William C. Massey
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90:Bahía las Palmas
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180:Fortún Ximénez
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174:Early contacts
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78:Cabo San Lucas
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648:(2): 180–182.
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205:Martyrdom of
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184:Hernán Cortés
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229:(1724), and
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197:18th century
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119:
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71:
48:
30:
28:
18:
623:(1): 81–93.
151:Pleistocene
697:Categories
670:: 147–253.
525:References
141:Precontact
82:Cabo Pulmo
585:: 87–101.
53:Territory
631:(1973).
291:See also
275:Religion
269:Guaycura
227:Santiago
225:(1720),
147:Holocene
130:Guaycura
116:Language
98:Guaycura
80:east to
281:Shamans
235:mestizo
215:Jesuits
136:History
76:, from
552:Nature
510:
287:sect.
223:La Paz
219:Loreto
163:atlatl
126:Jesuit
105:La Paz
31:Pericú
303:Notes
33:were
508:ISBN
213:The
120:The
92:and
45:Name
29:The
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621:17
619:.
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583:13
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311:^
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