421:
405:
374:
393:
358:
334:
31:
346:
908:
69:
261:: 𐊜𐊑𐊗𐊀𐊇𐊀𐊗𐊀), and appears on many inscriptions in reference to Pericles. An altar from Limyra gives us the Greek equivalent of this title: Περικλῆς Λυκίας β, "Pericles who is king of Lycia". He cast himself as a native Lycian fighting for liberation against Persians. One inscription explicitly describes his rival Arttum̃para as a
201:
who tried to subdue
Pericles and end the Revolt of the Satraps in Lycia. We have the most surviving evidence for the career of Arttum̃para, who may have governed in the area around Xanthos in western Lycia. It may be the case that Mithrapata was his equivalent in eastern Lycia, whom Pericles defeated
154:
or slightly earlier, after which
Pericles became the sole ruler in Limyra. Trbbẽnimi may have been Pericles' father, although coins of Trbbẽnimi only appear at around the same time as those of Pericles, so a parent-child relationship cannot be proven. Alternatively, they may have been brothers, or
280:. This was not a coordinated effort; Pericles had established himself as an independent king of Lycia throughout the 370s BCE, whereas the Great Revolt took place in the late 360s BCE. Nonetheless, Persian rule was firmly reestablished in Lycia in
134:
in eastern Lycia. He initially ruled Limyra alongside Trbbẽnimi, a Lycian dynast known primarily from his coinage. These eastern dynasts flourished in the 370s BCE, when the power of the traditionally-dominant rulers of
420:
205:
The most significant evidence which shows that
Pericles went to war with these two is an inscription from Limyra, which describes a military frieze as "when Pericles besieges Arttum̃para" (
404:
158:
Pericles' power was concentrated in eastern Lycia, at least in the early part of his reign. As well as Limyra, inscriptions which date themselves to his reign have been found at
373:
757:
315:
temple. It was one of several monumental tombs built in southwestern
Anatolia in the fourth century BCE and belongs to the same tradition as the earlier
357:
1806:
1801:
1094:
679:
The
Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire
333:
392:
311:
A monumental tomb was erected to
Perikles in Limyra, decorated with frieze showing Pericles going to war. The tomb was in the form of a Greek
487:
235:
BCE, at which point
Pericles had driven him out of Lycia. Mithrapata was probably deposed earlier, perhaps by Trbbẽnimi as well as Pericles.
517:
345:
611:
687:
655:
557:
287:
BCE, after the Revolt of the
Satraps had collapsed and effort was made to subdue rebellious parts of Anatolia. Control was taken by
962:
750:
1588:
1777:
1299:
324:
1781:
1666:
1351:
1191:
1121:
743:
320:
1554:
1284:
952:
167:
1069:
1059:
877:
1740:
1364:
1156:
1049:
776:
1320:
1021:
480:
Dynastic Lycia. A Political
History of the Lycians and their Relations with Foreign Powers c.545-362 B.C
277:
140:
115:
30:
323:, blending Anatolian and Greek (Athenian) styles. Several friezes from the tomb are now visible in the
1627:
1359:
1289:
1098:
707:Şare, Tuna (2013). "The sculpture of the Heroon of Perikle at Limyra: the making of a Lycian king".
1549:
1196:
867:
1497:
1161:
724:
238:
Further evidence for
Pericles' expansion into western Lycia is provided by the Greek historian
1017:
977:
788:
767:
683:
677:
651:
645:
553:
483:
194:
119:
628:
80:
in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions, including Lycia, and their main settlements
1811:
1272:
847:
716:
607:
1724:
1493:
1079:
919:
887:
832:
316:
266:
250:
206:
179:
92:
1559:
1462:
1408:
1064:
882:
630:
The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera During the Hellenistic Period
1795:
1730:
1651:
1614:
1454:
1431:
1374:
1116:
1054:
1002:
288:
258:
198:
1710:
1467:
1449:
1416:
1330:
1176:
1074:
1007:
982:
972:
857:
217:
735:
139:
in western Lycia began to wane. Trbbẽnimi minted several coins on the west Lycian
1544:
1477:
1340:
1181:
1171:
987:
957:
837:
312:
1520:
1515:
1436:
1426:
1393:
1310:
1294:
1257:
1132:
1044:
1029:
967:
907:
892:
827:
804:
797:
720:
239:
190:
77:
1700:
1686:
1682:
1656:
1632:
1510:
1505:
1441:
1398:
1335:
1252:
1166:
1146:
1141:
1039:
1034:
992:
872:
862:
431:
427:
411:
243:
221:
186:
159:
573:
Wörrle, M. (1991). "Epigraphische Forschungen zur Geschichte Lykiens IV'".
68:
1750:
1704:
1622:
1598:
1539:
1315:
1218:
1186:
1151:
1111:
997:
937:
852:
296:
73:
728:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1734:
1720:
1690:
1661:
1643:
1593:
1580:
1569:
1564:
1388:
1325:
1304:
1244:
1234:
1223:
1106:
1084:
947:
942:
932:
927:
842:
822:
817:
811:
364:
175:
144:
136:
1744:
1603:
1472:
1421:
1239:
897:
171:
163:
131:
104:
96:
519:
Tombs and Territories: The Epigraphic Culture of Lycia. c.450-197 BC
550:
The Lycians. Vol. I: The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources
1694:
1531:
1276:
1207:
300:
292:
262:
100:
67:
44:
35:
Portrait of Perikles of Lycia, from his coinage. Circa 375-362 BC
1714:
739:
211:ẽke : ese : Perikle : tebete : Arttum̃para
906:
242:. He describes how Pericles, as king (βασίλευς), besieged
1776:
In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by
647:
From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire
114:
BCE, he eventually ruled the entire country during the
1675:
1641:
1612:
1578:
1529:
1492:
1407:
1373:
1349:
1271:
1205:
1130:
1093:
1016:
917:
784:
182:: Wehñte), Zagaba, and Wediwiẽ (location unknown).
58:
50:
40:
21:
594:Tituli Asiae Minoris. Volumen 1: Tituli Lyciae
535:Tituli Asiae Minoris. Volumen 1: Tituli Lyciae
249:Pericles styled himself as king of Lycia. The
155:one may have married into the other's family.
751:
671:
669:
667:
8:
627:Houwink ten Cate, Philo Hendrik Jan (1961).
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
758:
744:
736:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
295:, who shortly transferred the province to
29:
18:
174:. His coinage was minted at three sites:
410:Coin of Perikles (Lion scalp facing and
339:Frieze on the tomb of Pericles, cavalry.
552:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
445:
388:
329:
185:Pericles' two most serious rivals were
143:, perhaps anticipating an invasion of
7:
537:. Vindobonae: Alfredi Hoelderi. 104.
596:. Vindobonae: Alfredi Hoelderi. 29.
246:on the western frontier of Lycia.
193:. These two dynasts, who both had
95:), was the last known independent
14:
426:Coin of Perikles (Horned head of
269:: 𐊀𐊕𐊗𐊗𐊒𐊐𐊓𐊀𐊕𐊀:𐊎𐊁𐊅𐊁,
216:Arttum̃para was minting coins at
130:Pericles was originally based in
1807:Vassals of the Achaemenid Empire
633:. Brill Archive. pp. 12–13.
419:
403:
391:
379:Tomb of Pericles, fleeing Gorgo.
372:
363:Frieze on the tomb of Pericles,
356:
344:
332:
1802:4th-century BC monarchs in Asia
351:Frieze on the tomb of Pericles.
170:in northern Lycia and southern
522:(DPhil). University of Oxford.
16:4th-century BC dynast of Lycia
1:
281:
225:
162:in eastern Lycia, as well as
148:
108:
650:. Eisenbrauns. p. 673.
325:Antalya Archeological Museum
197:, may have been subjects of
1828:
904:
682:. Routledge. p. 419.
321:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
276:Pericles took part in the
147:. Trbbẽnimi may have died
1774:
1427:Queen Amoashtart (regent)
774:
721:10.1017/S0066154613000045
548:Bryce, Trevor R. (1986).
28:
478:Keen, Antony G. (1998).
253:word for this title was
644:Briant, Pierre (2002).
592:Kalinka, Ernst (1901).
533:Kalinka, Ernst (1901).
299:, the satrap of nearby
1365:Alexander I of Macedon
911:
676:Bryce, Trevor (2009).
81:
1022:Hellespontine Phrygia
910:
893:Darius III Codomannus
613:Bibliotheca historica
278:Revolt of the Satraps
118:, in defiance of the
116:Revolt of the Satraps
71:
51:Years of service
1628:Hydarnes the Younger
1360:Amyntas I of Macedon
883:Artaxerxes III Ochus
878:Artaxerxes II Mnemon
779:- Achaemenid Kingdom
1778:Hellenistic satraps
1676:Other known satraps
1131:Greek Governors of
898:Artaxerxes V Bessus
888:Artaxerxes IV Arses
72:Location of Lycia.
1784:from around 330 BC
1782:Hellenistic rulers
912:
516:Rix, Emma (2015).
145:the Xanthos valley
82:
1789:
1788:
978:Cyrus the Younger
789:Achaemenid Empire
768:Achaemenid Empire
709:Anatolian Studies
489:978-90-04-10956-8
482:. Leiden: Brill.
398:Coin of Perikles.
120:Achaemenid Empire
107:in eastern Lycia
66:
65:
23:Perikles of Lycia
1819:
848:Darius the Great
760:
753:
746:
737:
732:
694:
693:
673:
662:
661:
641:
635:
634:
624:
618:
617:
608:Diodorus Siculus
604:
598:
597:
589:
583:
582:
570:
564:
563:
545:
539:
538:
530:
524:
523:
513:
494:
493:
475:
423:
407:
395:
376:
360:
348:
336:
291:, the satrap of
286:
283:
271:Arttum̃para mede
234:
230:
227:
153:
150:
113:
110:
33:
19:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1770:
1725:Greater Phrygia
1671:
1637:
1608:
1574:
1525:
1488:
1403:
1369:
1345:
1267:
1201:
1126:
1089:
1080:Pharnabazus III
1012:
913:
902:
833:Cyrus the Great
786:
780:
770:
764:
706:
703:
698:
697:
690:
675:
674:
665:
658:
643:
642:
638:
626:
625:
621:
606:
605:
601:
591:
590:
586:
572:
571:
567:
560:
547:
546:
542:
532:
531:
527:
515:
514:
497:
490:
477:
476:
447:
442:
435:
424:
415:
408:
399:
396:
387:
380:
377:
368:
361:
352:
349:
340:
337:
317:Nereid Monument
309:
284:
232:
228:
151:
141:weight standard
128:
111:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Pherendates II
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1485:Abdashtart III
1483:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Baalshillem II
1460:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:Kings of Sidon
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:Pharnabazus II
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
963:Artaphernes II
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
915:
914:
905:
903:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
808:
801:
793:
791:
785:Kings of Kings
782:
781:
775:
772:
771:
766:Rulers in the
765:
763:
762:
755:
748:
740:
734:
733:
702:
699:
696:
695:
688:
663:
656:
636:
619:
599:
584:
565:
558:
540:
525:
495:
488:
444:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
425:
418:
416:
409:
402:
400:
397:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
371:
369:
362:
355:
353:
350:
343:
341:
338:
331:
319:and the later
308:
305:
202:more quickly.
152: 375 BCE
127:
124:
112: 375–362
103:. A dynast of
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1824:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:Phrataphernes
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Syennesis III
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1482:Abdashtart II
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Baalshillem I
1453:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Eshmunazar II
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1375:Kings of Tyre
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Mithrobuzanes
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Pharnabazus I
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Autophradates
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Artaphernes I
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
916:
909:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
813:
809:
807:
806:
802:
800:
799:
795:
794:
792:
790:
783:
778:
773:
769:
761:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
741:
738:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
704:
700:
691:
689:9781134159079
685:
681:
680:
672:
670:
668:
664:
659:
657:9781575061207
653:
649:
648:
640:
637:
632:
631:
623:
620:
615:
614:
609:
603:
600:
595:
588:
585:
580:
576:
569:
566:
561:
559:9788772890234
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259:Lycian script
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199:Artaxerxes II
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195:Iranian names
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62:King of Lycia
61:
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54:375 to 362 BC
53:
49:
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39:
32:
27:
20:
1741:Ariobarzanes
1711:Satibarzanes
1468:Abdashtart I
1450:Tetramnestos
1417:Eshmunazar I
1321:Artemisia II
1262:
1231:Teththiweibi
1177:Themistocles
1122:Ariarathes I
1075:Artabazus II
1070:Ariobarzanes
1060:Pharnaces II
1008:Spithridates
983:Tissaphernes
973:Tissaphernes
858:Artaxerxes I
810:
803:
796:
712:
708:
701:Bibliography
678:
646:
639:
629:
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310:
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215:
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184:
157:
129:
88:
84:
83:
1642:Satraps of
1613:Satraps of
1579:Satraps of
1545:Pherendates
1530:Satraps of
1478:Evagoras II
1341:Orontobates
1300:Lygdamis II
1206:Dynasts of
1182:Archeptolis
1172:Aristagoras
1157:Eurysthenes
1050:Artabazus I
988:Tithraustes
918:Satraps of
838:Cambyses II
777:Family tree
187:Arttum̃para
1796:Categories
1550:Achaemenes
1521:Orontes II
1516:Darius III
1437:Bodashtart
1385:Boulomenus
1311:Hecatomnus
1295:Pisindelis
1285:Lygdamis I
1258:Mithrapata
1249:Artembares
1192:Amyntas II
1133:Asia Minor
1112:Ariamnes I
1099:Cappadocia
1045:Oebares II
1030:Mitrobates
968:Pissuthnes
828:Cambyses I
805:Ariaramnes
798:Achaemenes
581:: 203–239.
440:References
285: 362
240:Theopompus
233: 370
231: – c.
229: 372
191:Mithrapata
78:Asia Minor
41:Allegiance
1687:Abrocomas
1683:Megabyzus
1657:Camisares
1633:Atropates
1589:Hystaspes
1511:Orontes I
1506:Artasyrus
1442:Yatonmilk
1399:Azemilcus
1382:Mattan IV
1352:Macedonia
1350:Kings of
1336:Pixodarus
1290:Artemisia
1253:Artumpara
1197:Philiscus
1167:Histiaeus
1147:Demaratus
1142:Miltiades
1040:Megabates
1035:Megabazus
993:Tiribazus
873:Darius II
868:Sogdianus
863:Xerxes II
715:: 55–74.
432:Triskeles
412:Triskeles
244:Telmessos
222:Pamphylia
160:Teimiussa
1751:Abulites
1705:Hyrcania
1623:Hydarnes
1599:Masistes
1540:Aryandes
1394:Evagoras
1316:Mausolus
1307:(satrap)
1228:Harpagus
1219:Kybernis
1187:Aridolis
1152:Gongylos
998:Struthas
938:Harpagus
853:Xerxes I
729:42657426
616:. 15.90.
297:Mausolus
255:xñtawata
85:Perikles
74:Anatolia
1812:Lycians
1765:Babylon
1761:Mazaeus
1755:Susiana
1735:Parthia
1721:Atizyes
1691:Belesys
1667:Arsames
1662:Mazaeus
1644:Cilicia
1594:Dadarsi
1581:Bactria
1570:Mazaces
1565:Sabaces
1555:Arsames
1498:Armenia
1494:Satraps
1389:Abdemon
1326:Idrieus
1305:Adusius
1273:Dynasts
1263:Perikle
1245:Arbinas
1235:Kheriga
1224:Kuprlli
1215:Kheziga
1162:Prokles
1107:Datames
1095:Satraps
1085:Arsites
1018:Satraps
948:Bagaeus
943:Oroetus
933:Mazares
928:Tabalus
843:Bardiya
823:Cyrus I
818:Teispes
812:Arsames
787:of the
385:Coinage
365:phalanx
176:Phellos
168:Kızılca
137:Xanthos
89:Perikle
1745:Persis
1604:Bessus
1473:Tennes
1446:Anysos
1422:Tabnit
1240:Kherei
1135:cities
953:Otanes
727:
686:
654:
575:Chiron
556:
486:
430:, and
267:Lycian
251:Lycian
207:Lycian
180:Lycian
172:Milyas
164:Arneai
132:Limyra
105:Limyra
97:dynast
93:Lycian
1701:Ochus
1695:Syria
1615:Media
1532:Egypt
1459:Baana
1277:Caria
1208:Lycia
920:Lydia
725:JSTOR
313:Ionic
301:Caria
293:Lydia
101:Lycia
45:Lycia
1780:and
1715:Aria
684:ISBN
652:ISBN
554:ISBN
484:ISBN
307:Tomb
263:Mede
218:Side
189:and
166:and
126:Rule
59:Rank
1496:of
1331:Ada
1275:of
1097:of
1020:of
717:doi
428:Pan
273:).
224:by
220:in
213:).
99:of
91:in
1798::
1689:,
1685:,
723:.
713:63
711:.
666:^
610:.
579:21
577:.
498:^
448:^
327:.
303:.
282:c.
226:c.
209::
149:c.
122:.
109:c.
1767:)
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759:e
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