519:, the seventh largest oil field in California that was discovered in the 1860s. The anticline runs east to west for 16 miles, dipping steeply 30–60 degrees at both ends. Ventura County has a high rate of compression and seismic activity due to the converging San Andreas Fault. As a result, the Ventura anticline rises at a rate of 5 mm/year with the adjacent Ventura Basin converging at a rate of about 7–10 mm/year. The anticline is composed of a series of sandstone rock beds and an impermeable rock cap under which vast reserves of oil and gas are trapped. Eight different oil bearing zones along the anticline vary greatly from 3,500 to 12,000 feet. The oil and gas formed these pools as they migrated upward during the Pliocene Era and became contained beneath the caprock. This oil field is still active and has a cumulative production of one billion barrels of oil making it one of the most vital historical and economic features of Ventura County.
683:
531:
744:
779:
721:
632:
659:
555:
706:
609:
33:
760:
439:
571:
590:
2064:
329:
454:
121:
41:
227:
512:
caprock is made of
Pleistocene and Holocene travertine. The anticline contains springs that deposit carbon dioxide travertine that help to contribute to the rich diversity of microorganisms. This area also contains remains of fossils and ancient plants from the Jurassic period that are sometimes exposed through geological erosion.
174:
is an imaginary plane connecting the hinge of each layer of rock stratum through the cross section of an anticline. If the axial surface is vertical and the angles on each side of the fold are equivalent, then the anticline is symmetrical. If the axial plane is tilted or offset, then the anticline is
379:
drilling. About 80 percent of the world's petroleum has been found in anticlinal traps. The low density of petroleum causes oil to buoyantly migrate out of its source rock and upward toward the surface until it is trapped and stored in reservoir rock such as sandstone or porous limestone. The oil
362:
Passive-flow folds form when the rock is so soft that it behaves like weak plastic and slowly flows. In this process different parts of the rock body move at different rates causing shear stress to gradually shift from layer to layer. There is no mechanical contrast between layers in this type of
107:
during crustal deformations. The uplifted core of the fold causes compression of strata that preferentially erodes to a deeper stratigraphic level relative to the topographically lower flanks. Motion along the fault including both shortening and extension of tectonic plates, usually also deforms
511:
Another notable anticline is the Tierra
Amarilla anticline in San Ysidro, New Mexico. This is a popular hiking and biking site because of the great biodiversity, geologic beauty and paleontological resources. This plunging anticline is made up of Petrified Forest mudstones and sandstone and its
352:(or other planar features). The more the underlying fault is tectonically uplifted, the more the strata will be deformed and must adapt to new shapes. The shape formed will also be very dependent on the properties and cohesion of the different types of rock within each layer.
435:
Castlemaine
Anticlinal Fold, Victoria, which is celebrated with a plaque that says, "This fine exhibit was disclosed when Lyttleton Street East was constructed in 1874. Saddle reefs occur in similar folds of the sandstones and slates on lower geological
380:
becomes trapped along with water and natural gas by a caprock that is made up of impermeable barrier such as an impermeable stratum or fault zone. Examples of low-permeability seals that contain the hydrocarbons, oil and gas, in the ground include
359:. A good way to visualize how the multiple layers are manipulated, is to bend a deck of cards and to imagine each card as a layer of rock stratum. The amount of slip on each side of the anticline increases from the hinge to the inflection point.
682:
294:, and may be formed from multiple deformations, or superposition of two sets of folds. It may also be related to the geometry of the underlying detachment fault and the varying amount of displacement along the surface of that detachment fault.
230:
Model of anticline. Oldest beds are in the center and youngest on the outside. The axial plane intersects the center angle of bend. The hinge line follows the line of greatest bend, where the axial plane intersects the outside of the
508:. By 1995 the El Dorado oil fields had produced 300 million barrels of oil. The central Kansas uplift is an antiform composed of several small anticlines that have collectively produced more than 2.5 million barrels of oil.
743:
191:, so that the beds in that limb have basically flipped over and may dip in the same direction on both sides of the axial plane. If the angle between the limbs is large (70–120 degrees), then the fold is an
347:
and motion within the inner crust can have large effects on the upper rock stratum. Stresses developed during mountain building or during other tectonic processes can similarly warp or bend bedding and
403:
found inside anticlines are also extracted and commercialized. Lastly, ancient fossils are often found in anticlines and are used for paleontological research or harvested into products to be sold.
241:. They usually flank the sides of anticlines and display opposite characteristics. A syncline's oldest rock strata are in its outer limbs; the rocks become progressively younger toward its hinge. A
778:
631:
720:
1249:
530:
658:
759:
705:
175:
asymmetrical. An anticline that is cylindrical has a well-defined axial surface, whereas non-cylindrical anticlines are too complex to have a single axial plane.
608:
1401:
554:
247:
is a bend in the strata resulting in a local steepening in only one direction of dip. Monoclines have the shape of a carpet draped over a stairstep.
363:
fold. Passive-flow folds are extremely dependent on the rock composition of the stratum and can typically occur in areas with high temperatures.
570:
589:
1342:
1323:
1278:
1003:
857:
92:
by a sequence of rock layers that become progressively older toward the center of the fold. Therefore, if age relationships between various
500:
of the regions in which they occur. One example of this is the El Dorado anticline in Kansas. The anticline was first tapped into for its
137:
can be used to describe any fold that is convex up. It is the relative ages of the rock strata that distinguish anticlines from antiforms.
99:
The progressing age of the rock strata towards the core and uplifted center, are the trademark indications for evidence of anticlines on a
879:
1644:
1260:
1353:
952:
1363:
1034:
504:
in 1918. Soon after the site became a very prosperous area for entrepreneurs following World War I and the rapid popularization of
1394:
1429:
978:
Geological
Structures and Maps: A Practical Course in the Interpretation of Geological Maps for Civil and Mining Engineers
1219:"Microbial Diversity, Geochemistry and Diel Fluctuations in Travertine Mounds at Tierra Amarilla Anticline, New Mexico"
2088:
2067:
1387:
735:
465:
355:
During the formation of flexural-slip folds, the different rock layers form parallel-slip folds to accommodate for
219:
are a type of anticlines that have a well-defined, but curved hinge line and are doubly plunging and thus elongate
910:
215:
has a hinge that is not parallel to the earth's surface. All anticlines and synclines have some degree of plunge.
1729:
1165:
1734:
1510:
673:
1434:
1058:
1250:"Overview of the Geology of Ventura County including Seismicity, Oil and Gas Plays and Groundwater Resources"
1500:
806:
750:
712:
2011:
1815:
1704:
1574:
1554:
1454:
1424:
665:
561:
344:
301:
is a large anticline in which a series of minor anticlinal folds are superimposed. Examples include the
199:. If an anticline plunges (i.e., the anticline crest is inclined to the Earth's surface), it will form
208:
1988:
1872:
1589:
1544:
1218:
669:
577:
313:
2021:
1897:
1882:
1859:
1855:
1634:
1559:
1459:
1444:
638:
371:
Anticlines, structural domes, fault zones and stratigraphic traps are very favorable locations for
349:
1285:
1998:
1970:
1867:
1749:
1654:
1569:
1534:
1464:
1410:
1188:
727:
689:
646:
57:
887:
2006:
1940:
1892:
1887:
1767:
1757:
1699:
1474:
1359:
1338:
1319:
1030:
999:
948:
853:
766:
516:
438:
309:
1810:
1805:
1739:
1714:
1709:
1684:
1624:
1584:
1439:
1214:
1180:
822:
785:
457:
306:
284:
163:
2049:
1945:
1845:
1820:
1792:
1777:
1679:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1490:
802:
420:
254:. Breached anticlines can become incised by stream erosion, forming an anticlinal valley.
257:
A structure that plunges in all directions to form a circular or elongate structure is a
235:
Folds in which the limbs dip toward the hinge and display a more U-like shape are called
149:
of an anticline refers to the location where the curvature is greatest, also called the
1950:
1927:
1912:
1782:
1762:
1674:
1599:
1594:
1564:
1549:
1515:
1505:
1449:
1138:
642:
595:
505:
481:
317:
259:
220:
195:, but if the angle between the limbs is small (30 degrees or less), then the fold is a
85:
65:
32:
40:
2082:
1840:
1192:
1020:
770:
731:
693:
493:
302:
188:
69:
1835:
1495:
1469:
1084:
599:
416:
204:
104:
100:
77:
48:
visible at far right). Note the man standing in front of the formation, for scale.
1137:
Baars, D.L.; Watney, W. Lynn; Steeples, Don W.; Brostuen, Erling A. (April 2001).
153:. The hinge is also the highest point on a stratum along the top of the fold. The
993:
976:
942:
2016:
1902:
1877:
1830:
1825:
1800:
1689:
1609:
1579:
1107:
376:
328:
852:(3rd ed.). Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday. April 11, 1984.
453:
432:
Hill End
Anticline, New South Wales, which is associated with deposits of gold.
2044:
2031:
1649:
1539:
120:
49:
1980:
1960:
1955:
1917:
1907:
1719:
1664:
1526:
817:
614:
537:
501:
473:
400:
389:
385:
316:
anticlinorium of northern
Virginia and Maryland in the Appalachians, or the
276:
272:
243:
109:
81:
283:(shale diapir) that cause deformations and uplift in the surface rock. The
103:. These formations occur because anticlinal ridges typically develop above
88:
away from the hinge. Anticlines can be recognized and differentiated from
1217:; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Northup, Diana E.; Takacs-Vesbach, Cristina (2009).
1184:
17:
2039:
1965:
812:
650:
356:
237:
73:
45:
250:
An anticline that has been more deeply eroded in the center is called a
1772:
1724:
1669:
622:
618:
497:
477:
469:
393:
337:
287:
of the Sahara is considered a dome that has been laid bare by erosion.
93:
472:
in southeast
England and northern France. It was formed from the late
226:
1639:
1604:
1379:
271:
intrusions or upwardly mobile, mechanically ductile material such as
264:
187:
is an asymmetrical anticline with a limb that has been tilted beyond
27:
In geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape
1108:"The Discovery and Development of the El Dorado (Kansas) Oil Field"
1083:
Society of
Petroleum Engineers Student Chapter (November 9, 2014).
343:
Anticlines are usually developed above thrust faults, so any small
157:
also refers to the highest point along any geologic structure. The
1659:
697:
581:
545:
541:
515:
The
Ventura Anticline is a geologic structure that is part of the
452:
437:
381:
333:
327:
280:
268:
225:
119:
39:
31:
1358:. Lectures in geoscience. Amsterdam: Alboran Science Publishing.
1694:
1024:
789:
167:
is the area on the limbs where the curvature changes direction.
1383:
372:
161:
are the sides of the fold that display less curvature. The
76:
is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is
84:
is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that
696:
sand-shale sequence above Tudes, SE of Potes, Cantabria,
80:
up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the
886:. University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point. Archived from
784:
A portion of the 3,000 sq mi (7,800 km)
992:
Monroe, James S.; Wicander, Reed (February 8, 2005).
423:
for the largest conventional oil field in the world.
1259:. Ventura County Planning Commission. Archived from
753:, in the wall of Holcim Quarry, Hagerstown, Maryland
396:
does not matter as long as it has low permeability.
290:
An anticline which plunges at both ends is termed a
2030:
1997:
1979:
1926:
1854:
1791:
1748:
1524:
1483:
1417:
1335:
The
Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution
995:
The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution
1318:(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
399:Water, minerals and specific rock strata such as
124:Diagram showing constituent parts of an anticline
1166:"Gallery of Geology – Tierra Amarilla Anticline"
765:The Cave Mountain Anticline, on the edge of the
492:Anticlines can have a major effect on the local
1314:Davis, George H.; Reynolds, Stephen J. (1996).
1112:Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences
96:are unknown, the term antiform should be used.
108:strata near the fault. This can result in an
68:that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest
1395:
1373:Entire book is freely available in PDF format
8:
1139:"Petroleum: a primer for Kansas – Structure"
1368:– via Delft University of Technology.
711:Anticline and quartz "saddle reef" vein at
688:Anticline with well-developed axial planar
1402:
1388:
1380:
1257:Oil and Gas Program Informational Workshop
1085:"Petroleum 101 – How is Petroleum Formed?"
911:"Geologic Structures—Crustal Deformations"
873:
871:
869:
312:Anticlinorium in British Columbia and the
1355:Structural Geology and Map Interpretation
1333:Monroe, James S.; Wicander, Reed (2005).
936:
934:
932:
1316:Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions
1229:(7). Geological Society of America: 322
834:
526:
36:Cross-sectional diagram of an anticline
844:
842:
840:
838:
44:Anticline exposed in road cut (small
7:
392:, and rock salt. The actual type of
207:view that point in the direction of
1645:List of tectonic plate interactions
1284:. Ventura City Hall. Archived from
1143:Kansas Geological Survey, Education
25:
2063:
2062:
1164:Hart, Dirk Van (February 2003).
1059:"Accumulation in reservoir beds"
981:. London: I. Pitman. p. 33.
805:and his "Anticlinal Theory" for
777:
758:
742:
719:
704:
681:
657:
630:
607:
588:
569:
553:
529:
1248:O'Tousa, Jim (August 7, 2014).
884:Geology 320: Structural Geology
116:Terminology of different folds
850:Dictionary of Geological Terms
576:Weathered marble anticline at
1:
1337:(4th ed.). Brooks Cole.
1277:Jackson, Glenda (July 2013).
998:(4th ed.). Brooks Cole.
419:Anticline, Saudi Arabia, the
252:breached or scalped anticline
975:Roberts, Albert F. (1947).
944:Earth: Portrait of a Planet
917:. Missouri State University
736:Fulton County, Pennsylvania
641:forms a clear anticline in
468:is a major anticline which
442:Castlemaine Anticlinal Fold
263:. Domes may be created via
2105:
749:Anticline in the Cambrian
2058:
1730:Thick-skinned deformation
1352:Weijermars, Ruud (1997).
941:Marshak, Stephen (2012).
915:Physical Geology (GLG110)
625:, is a breached anticline
320:in central Pennsylvania.
292:doubly plunging anticline
1735:Thin-skinned deformation
1511:Stereographic projection
1087:. University of Waterloo
947:(4th ed.). Norton.
1501:Orthographic projection
1484:Measurement conventions
1430:Lamé's stress ellipsoid
1223:Abstracts with Programs
1063:Encyclopædia Britannica
807:oil and gas exploration
751:Conococheague Formation
560:Tight anticline in the
72:at its core, whereas a
1106:Skelton, L.H. (1997).
1019:Earle, Steven (2015).
726:Anticline in Devonian
713:The Ovens, Nova Scotia
466:Weald–Artois Anticline
461:
443:
340:
232:
125:
53:
37:
2012:Paleostress inversion
1705:Strike-slip tectonics
1575:Extensional tectonics
1555:Continental collision
1425:Deformation mechanism
1185:10.58799/NMG-v25n1.15
562:Wills Creek Formation
456:
441:
367:Economic significance
331:
229:
123:
43:
35:
1590:Fold and thrust belt
1266:on February 2, 2016.
578:General Carrera Lake
185:overturned anticline
112:or overturned fold.
2022:Section restoration
1898:Rock microstructure
1560:Convergent boundary
1460:Strain partitioning
1445:Overburden pressure
1435:Mohr–Coulomb theory
1291:on January 31, 2017
890:on October 25, 2015
878:Hefferan, Kevin P.
639:Tuscarora Formation
617:, on the border of
602:is an anticlinorium
324:Formation processes
2089:Structural geology
1999:Kinematic analysis
1655:Mountain formation
1570:Divergent boundary
1535:Accretionary wedge
1411:Structural geology
1173:New Mexico Geology
728:Catskill Formation
647:Cumberland Narrows
517:Ventura oil fields
462:
460:in southern France
444:
341:
233:
213:plunging anticline
126:
58:structural geology
54:
38:
2076:
2075:
2007:3D fold evolution
1893:Pressure solution
1888:Oblique foliation
1768:Exfoliation joint
1758:Columnar jointing
1418:Underlying theory
1376:
1344:978-0-495-01020-3
1325:978-0-471-52621-6
1279:"Oil and Ventura"
1215:Crossey, Laura J.
1005:978-0-495-01020-3
909:Mantei, Erwin J.
859:978-0-385-18101-3
767:Smoke Hole Canyon
16:(Redirected from
2096:
2066:
2065:
1811:Detachment fault
1806:Cataclastic rock
1740:Thrust tectonics
1710:Structural basin
1685:Pull-apart basin
1625:Horst and graben
1404:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1348:
1329:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1057:Riva, Joseph P.
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1026:Physical Geology
1016:
1010:
1009:
989:
983:
982:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
938:
927:
926:
924:
922:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
875:
864:
863:
846:
823:River anticlines
786:San Rafael Swell
781:
762:
746:
723:
708:
685:
661:
634:
611:
592:
573:
557:
533:
407:Notable examples
307:Early Cretaceous
285:Richat Structure
267:from underlying
217:Periclinal folds
164:inflection point
21:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2054:
2026:
1993:
1975:
1946:Detachment fold
1922:
1850:
1846:Transform fault
1821:Fault mechanics
1787:
1744:
1680:Plate tectonics
1630:Intra-arc basin
1520:
1491:Brunton compass
1479:
1413:
1408:
1366:
1351:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1006:
991:
990:
986:
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
955:
940:
939:
930:
920:
918:
908:
907:
903:
893:
891:
877:
876:
867:
860:
848:
847:
836:
831:
803:Israel C. White
799:
792:
782:
773:
763:
754:
747:
738:
724:
715:
709:
700:
686:
677:
662:
653:
635:
626:
612:
603:
593:
584:
574:
565:
558:
549:
536:Tight folds in
534:
525:
490:
451:
429:
421:structural trap
414:
409:
369:
332:Anticline near
326:
181:
143:
131:
118:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1913:Tectonic phase
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:Passive margin
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1600:Foreland basin
1597:
1595:Fold mountains
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Back-arc basin
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1516:Strike and dip
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Rock mechanics
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1330:
1324:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1269:
1240:
1213:Cron, Brandi;
1205:
1156:
1129:
1098:
1075:
1049:
1035:
1011:
1004:
984:
967:
954:978-0393935189
953:
928:
901:
865:
858:
833:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
798:
795:
794:
793:
783:
776:
774:
764:
757:
755:
748:
741:
739:
725:
718:
716:
710:
703:
701:
687:
680:
678:
663:
656:
654:
643:Wills Mountain
636:
629:
627:
613:
606:
604:
596:Nittany Valley
594:
587:
585:
575:
568:
566:
564:, Pennsylvania
559:
552:
550:
535:
528:
524:
521:
506:motor vehicles
489:
486:
482:Alpine orogeny
450:
447:
446:
445:
433:
428:
425:
413:
410:
408:
405:
368:
365:
325:
322:
318:Nittany Valley
180:
177:
142:
139:
130:
127:
117:
114:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2101:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Transfer zone
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Mohr's circle
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1374:
1367:
1365:90-5674-001-6
1361:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1038:
1036:9781989623718
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1001:
997:
996:
988:
985:
980:
979:
971:
968:
956:
950:
946:
945:
937:
935:
933:
929:
916:
912:
905:
902:
889:
885:
881:
874:
872:
870:
866:
861:
855:
851:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
808:
804:
801:
800:
796:
791:
787:
780:
775:
772:
771:West Virginia
768:
761:
756:
752:
745:
740:
737:
733:
729:
722:
717:
714:
707:
702:
699:
695:
694:Carboniferous
691:
684:
679:
675:
674:Roundtop Hill
672:Formation at
671:
667:
664:Anticline in
660:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
610:
605:
601:
597:
591:
586:
583:
579:
572:
567:
563:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
527:
522:
520:
518:
513:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:geomorphology
488:North America
487:
485:
483:
480:, during the
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
458:Harpea's Cave
455:
448:
440:
434:
431:
430:
426:
424:
422:
418:
411:
406:
404:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
374:
366:
364:
360:
358:
353:
351:
346:
339:
335:
330:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:
304:
303:Late Jurassic
300:
299:anticlinorium
295:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
255:
253:
248:
246:
245:
240:
239:
228:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:perpendicular
186:
178:
176:
173:
172:axial surface
168:
166:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
138:
136:
128:
122:
115:
113:
111:
106:
105:thrust faults
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:is a type of
63:
59:
51:
47:
42:
34:
30:
19:
1935:
1836:Thrust fault
1525:Large-scale
1496:Inclinometer
1470:Stress field
1372:
1354:
1334:
1315:
1308:Bibliography
1293:. Retrieved
1286:the original
1272:
1261:the original
1256:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1226:
1222:
1208:
1198:December 15,
1196:. Retrieved
1176:
1172:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1142:
1132:
1122:December 15,
1120:. Retrieved
1118:(1–2): 48–53
1115:
1111:
1101:
1091:December 10,
1089:. Retrieved
1078:
1068:December 10,
1066:. Retrieved
1062:
1052:
1042:December 15,
1040:. Retrieved
1029:. BCcampus.
1025:
1014:
994:
987:
977:
970:
958:. Retrieved
943:
921:December 17,
919:. Retrieved
914:
904:
892:. Retrieved
888:the original
883:
849:
600:Pennsylvania
514:
510:
491:
463:
415:
398:
370:
361:
354:
342:
298:
296:
291:
289:
258:
256:
251:
249:
242:
236:
234:
216:
212:
205:geologic map
200:
197:"tight" fold
196:
192:
184:
182:
171:
169:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
144:
134:
132:
110:asymmetrical
101:geologic map
98:
89:
61:
55:
29:
2017:Paleostress
1903:Slickenside
1878:Crenulation
1831:Fault trace
1826:Fault scarp
1816:Disturbance
1801:Cataclasite
1690:Rift valley
1610:Half-graben
1580:Fault block
1565:DĂ©collement
1295:January 23,
1233:December 8,
1149:December 9,
1145:. p. 5
960:January 22,
894:December 8,
666:Wills Creek
598:in central
377:natural gas
345:compression
193:"open" fold
155:culmination
94:rock strata
2045:Pure shear
2032:Shear zone
1989:Competence
1873:Compaction
1750:Fracturing
1545:Autochthon
1540:Allochthon
829:References
676:, Maryland
670:Bloomsburg
476:to middle
436:horizons."
314:Blue Ridge
50:New Jersey
18:Periclinal
1981:Boudinage
1961:Monocline
1956:Homocline
1936:Anticline
1918:Tectonite
1908:Stylolite
1883:Fissility
1860:lineation
1856:Foliation
1720:Syneclise
1665:Obduction
1635:Inversion
1527:tectonics
1193:259481120
1179:(1): 15.
1021:"Folding"
818:Homocline
615:Elk Basin
538:limestone
502:petroleum
474:Oligocene
427:Australia
401:limestone
390:sandstone
386:limestone
350:foliation
277:salt dome
273:rock salt
265:diapirism
244:monocline
238:synclines
90:antiforms
82:curvature
62:anticline
2083:Category
2068:Category
2040:Mylonite
1971:Vergence
1966:Syncline
1868:Cleavage
1793:Faulting
813:Syncline
797:See also
690:cleavage
651:Maryland
548:, Greece
470:outcrops
357:buckling
269:magmatic
141:Elements
135:antiform
129:Antiform
74:syncline
46:syncline
1941:Chevron
1928:Folding
1773:Fissure
1725:Terrane
1670:Orogeny
1650:MĂ©lange
1585:Fenster
1475:Tension
880:"Folds"
623:Wyoming
619:Montana
523:Gallery
498:economy
478:Miocene
394:stratum
338:Lebanon
310:Purcell
203:s on a
1715:Suture
1700:Saddle
1640:Klippe
1605:Graben
1465:Stress
1455:Strain
1362:
1341:
1322:
1191:
1033:
1002:
951:
856:
449:Europe
417:Ghawar
279:) and
209:plunge
78:convex
52:, U.S.
2050:Shear
1778:Joint
1660:Nappe
1620:Horst
1615:Horse
1289:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1253:(PDF)
1189:S2CID
1169:(PDF)
698:Spain
582:Chile
546:Crete
542:chert
382:shale
334:Ehden
281:shale
231:fold.
221:domes
179:Types
159:limbs
151:crest
147:hinge
60:, an
1951:Dome
1858:and
1783:Vein
1763:Dike
1695:Rift
1506:Rake
1360:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1297:2016
1235:2015
1200:2015
1151:2015
1124:2015
1093:2015
1070:2015
1044:2015
1031:ISBN
1000:ISBN
962:2016
949:ISBN
923:2015
896:2015
854:ISBN
790:Utah
732:I-70
637:The
621:and
540:and
496:and
464:The
412:Asia
375:and
260:dome
211:. A
170:The
145:The
70:beds
66:fold
1181:doi
788:in
769:in
668:or
645:at
373:oil
305:to
297:An
183:An
133:An
86:dip
56:In
2085::
1370:–
1255:.
1227:41
1225:.
1221:.
1187:.
1177:25
1175:.
1171:.
1141:.
1116:19
1114:.
1110:.
1061:.
1023:.
931:^
913:.
882:.
868:^
837:^
734:,
730:,
692:.
649:,
580:,
544:,
484:.
388:,
384:,
336:,
223:.
1403:e
1396:t
1389:v
1375:.
1347:.
1328:.
1299:.
1237:.
1202:.
1183::
1153:.
1126:.
1095:.
1072:.
1046:.
1008:.
964:.
925:.
898:.
862:.
809:.
275:(
201:V
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
