301:. The popularity of perlite usage as a filter medium is growing considerably worldwide. Several products exist in the market to provide perlite based filtration. Several perlite filters and perlite media have met NSF-50 approval (Aquify PMF Series and AquaPerl), which standardizes water quality and technology safety and performance. Perlite can be safely disposed of through existing sewage systems, although some pool operators choose to separate the perlite using settling tanks or screening systems to be disposed of separately.
84:
193:
38:
95:
Perlite softens when it reaches temperatures of 850–900 °C (1,560–1,650 °F). Water trapped in the structure of the material vaporises and escapes, and this causes the expansion of the material to 7–16 times its original volume. The expanded material is a brilliant white, due to the
309:
Due to thermal and mechanical stability, non-toxicity, and high resistance against microbial attacks and organic solvents, perlite is widely used in biotechnological applications. Perlite was found to be an excellent support for immobilization of biocatalysts such as enzymes for
985:
Torabi, Seyed-Fakhreddin; Khajeh, Khosro; Ghasempur, Salehe; Ghaemi, Nasser; Siadat, Seyed-Omid Ranaei (2007-08-31). "Covalent attachment of cholesterol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase on perlite through silanization: Activity, stability and co-immobilization".
896:
Md
Arifuzzaman and H. S. Kim, Novel flexural behaviour of sandwich structures made of perlite foam/sodium silicate core and paper skin, Construction and Building Materials, Construction and Building Materials, Vol 148 2017, pp
760:
Md
Arifuzzaman and H. S. Kim, "Prediction and evaluation of density and volume fractions for the novel perlite composite affected by internal structure formation", Construction and Building Materials, Vol 141, 2017,
211:
amount to 150 million m, whereas the total amount of projected resources reaches up to 3 billion m. Considering specific density of 1.1 ton/m confirmed reserves in
Armenia amount to 165 million tons.
835:
648:
Reka, Arianit A.; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Lisichkov, Kiril; Jashari, Ahmed; Boev, BlaĹľo; Boev, Ivan; Lazarova, Maja; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Oral, Ayhan; Makreski, Petre (24 October 2019).
592:
918:"Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of xanthene derivatives"
1070:
A Consumer's
Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients, 7th Edition: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
227:
Because of its low density and relatively low price (about US$ 150 per tonne of unexpanded perlite), many commercial applications for perlite have been developed.
584:
906:
Dipendra
Shastri and H. S. Kim, “A new consolidation process for expanded perlite particles”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol 60, June, 2014, pp.1–7.
1172:
1117:
1021:
1078:
293:
Perlite is currently used in commercial pool filtration technology, as a replacement to diatomaceous earth filters. Perlite is an excellent
824:
591:) for perlite exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The
1226:
100:
around 1100 kg/m (1.1 g/cm), while typical expanded perlite has a bulk density of about 30–150 kg/m (0.03–0.150 g/cm).
1221:
217:
Perlite world production, led by China, Turkey, Greece, USA, Armenia and
Hungary, summed up to 4.6 million tonnes in 2018.
339:
256:
1270:
575:
As perlite contains silicon dioxide, goggles and silica filtering masks are recommended when handling large quantities.
596:
588:
351:
884:
214:
Other reported reserves are: Greece - 120 million tonnes, Turkey, USA and
Hungary - about 49-57 million tonnes.
1163:
1106:
1093:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1068:
542:
1142:
67:. It occurs naturally and has the unusual property of greatly expanding when heated sufficiently. It is an
1250:
855:
649:
929:
709:
1029:
618:
252:
68:
599:(REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.
566:- many expanders of perlite are also exfoliating vermiculite and belong to both trade associations
1043:
536:
298:
248:
773:"Expanded perlite aggregate characterization for use as a lightweight construction raw material"
338:. When used as an amendment, it has high permeability and low water retention and helps prevent
200:
Perlite is a non-renewable resource. The world reserves of perlite are estimated at 700 million
650:"Chemical, mineralogical and structural features of native and expanded perlite from Macedonia"
1074:
1003:
955:
743:
725:
671:
623:
995:
945:
937:
733:
717:
661:
244:
335:
170:
145:
120:
110:
933:
713:
950:
917:
738:
697:
327:
311:
282:
260:
52:
1244:
772:
177:
1047:
75:
temperature", and a commercial product useful for its low density after processing.
323:
236:
134:
97:
999:
17:
721:
972:
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563:
331:
83:
1235:
1189:
613:
439:
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156:
729:
675:
278:
72:
49:
1007:
959:
747:
192:
37:
88:
64:
31:
941:
771:
Celik, Atila Gurhan; Kilic, Ahmet Mahmut; Çakal, Gaye Ö. (2013-02-27).
666:
608:
274:
240:
208:
60:
1107:"PERLITE : (Data in thousand metric tons unless otherwise noted)"
796:
96:
reflectivity of the trapped bubbles. Unexpanded ("raw") perlite has a
553:
548:
532:
Perlite can be replaced for all of its uses. Substitutes include:
285:(as a clay additive). It is also used by the explosives industry.
201:
191:
82:
56:
36:
696:
Maxim, L. Daniel; Niebo, Ron; McConnell, Ernest E. (2014-04-01).
558:
267:
357:
350:
Perlite is used in cosmetics as an absorbent and mechanical
797:"General Information - Mining Resources - www.minenergy.am"
973:
Emulsion explosive composition containing expanded perlite
545:, an alternative lightweight filler for building materials
1216:
1190:"CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Perlite"
593:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
239:
and manufacturing fields, it is used in lightweight
832:
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
Commodity Summaries
1150:U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries
183:3–5% loss on ignition (chemical / combined water)
1073:. Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. p. 402.
698:"Perlite toxicology and epidemiology – a review"
251:and ceiling tiles. It may also be used to build
266:Perlite filters are fairly common in filtering
207:The confirmed resources of perlite existing in
585:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
297:and is used extensively as an alternative to
273:Small quantities of perlite are also used in
8:
1236:CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
825:"USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries - PERLITE"
30:For the two-phased structure in steel, see
949:
737:
665:
196:Perlite mine in Owens Valley, California.
71:, suitable "as ceramic flux to lower the
422:
361:
1222:Mineral Information Institute – perlite
1096:, USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011
640:
879:
877:
875:
7:
856:"Perlite Statistics and Information"
850:
848:
818:
816:
1227:"That Wonderful Volcanic Popcorn."
25:
59:content, typically formed by the
1165:USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries
916:Moradi, L.; Mirzaei, M. (2019).
841:from the original on 2019-12-24.
587:(OSHA) has set the legal limit (
1178:from the original on 2013-05-28
1123:from the original on 2008-05-14
383:building construction products
365:Estimated perlite consumption
231:Construction and manufacturing
1:
1232:, December 1954, p. 136.
1000:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.04.015
1022:"ISU Extension News Release"
975:United States Patent 4940497
722:10.3109/08958378.2014.881940
1067:Winter, Ruth (2009-10-20).
887:USGS 2009 Minerals Yearbook
426:Cost of unexpanded perlite
367:in the U.S. by application
326:, perlite can be used as a
55:that has a relatively high
1287:
597:recommended exposure limit
589:permissible exposure limit
314:and sensing applications.
29:
425:
364:
330:or alone as a medium for
1152:: 122–123. January 2006.
988:Journal of Biotechnology
391:horticultural aggregate
27:Amorphous volcanic glass
660:(3): 215–221–215–221.
539:, used for filter-aids
270:before it is bottled.
197:
188:Sources and production
92:
87:Perlite boulders with
42:
1217:The Perlite Institute
823:M. Bennett, Shawnna.
702:Inhalation Toxicology
195:
86:
40:
1271:Industrial minerals
934:2019RSCAd...919940M
928:(35): 19940–19948.
714:2014InhTx..26..259M
619:Industrial minerals
571:Occupational safety
257:sandwich-structured
253:composite materials
942:10.1039/c9ra03312b
667:10.4154/gc.2019.18
595:(NIOSH) has set a
299:diatomaceous earth
289:Aquatic filtration
198:
93:
69:industrial mineral
43:
18:Perlitic Structure
1230:Popular Mechanics
1114:Minerals.usgs.gov
1080:978-0-307-45986-2
883:Wallace P. Bolen
654:Geologia Croatica
624:Mortar (firestop)
524:
523:
517:
516:
436:Price in the U.S.
419:
418:
41:Expanded perlite.
16:(Redirected from
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1033:
1028:. Archived from
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970:
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963:
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913:
907:
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801:www.minenergy.am
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693:
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423:
362:
358:
334:or for starting
281:insulation, and
104:Typical analysis
21:
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822:
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637:
605:
581:
573:
530:
525:
440:metric ton
437:
432:
366:
348:
340:soil compaction
320:
307:
291:
243:, concrete and
233:
225:
190:
171:magnesium oxide
166:
162:
151:
146:potassium oxide
140:
130:
126:
121:aluminium oxide
116:
111:silicon dioxide
106:
81:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1266:Soil improvers
1263:
1261:Building stone
1258:
1256:Vitreous rocks
1253:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1211:External links
1209:
1206:
1205:
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1155:
1134:
1098:
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1032:on 2004-03-23.
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994:(2): 111–120.
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871:
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788:
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753:
708:(5): 259–270.
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328:soil amendment
319:
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312:bioremediation
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295:filtration aid
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261:syntactic foam
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53:volcanic glass
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777:Research Gate
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579:United States
578:
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560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
544:
543:Expanded clay
541:
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520:
512:
509:
508:
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305:Biotechnology
304:
302:
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288:
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276:
271:
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264:
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259:or to create
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220:
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179:
178:calcium oxide
175:
172:
168:
158:
154:
147:
143:
136:
132:
122:
118:
112:
108:
107:
103:
101:
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91:in foreground
90:
85:
78:
76:
74:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
1251:Felsic rocks
1229:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1184:
1164:
1158:
1149:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1113:
1101:
1089:
1069:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1038:
1030:the original
1025:
1016:
991:
987:
980:
968:
925:
922:RSC Advances
921:
911:
902:
892:
863:. Retrieved
860:www.usgs.gov
859:
831:
804:. Retrieved
800:
791:
780:. Retrieved
776:
766:
756:
705:
701:
691:
679:. Retrieved
657:
653:
643:
582:
574:
531:
518:
349:
324:horticulture
321:
308:
292:
272:
265:
237:construction
234:
226:
219:
216:
213:
206:
199:
135:sodium oxide
98:bulk density
94:
45:
44:
1194:www.cdc.gov
1026:iastate.edu
629:Vermiculite
564:Vermiculite
528:Substitutes
407:filter aid
332:hydroponics
318:Agriculture
1245:Categories
1199:2015-11-27
1127:22 October
1053:2020-10-04
865:2019-06-10
806:2019-06-10
782:2024-05-29
635:References
614:Foam glass
249:insulation
157:iron oxide
79:Properties
1143:"Perlite"
1044:"Perlite"
730:0895-8378
681:4 January
676:1333-4875
537:Diatomite
352:exfoliant
346:Cosmetics
279:cryogenic
275:foundries
255:that are
176:0.5–1.5%
169:0.2–0.7%
73:sintering
61:hydration
50:amorphous
1173:archived
1171:, 2013,
1118:Archived
1008:17658643
960:35514727
897:321–333.
836:Archived
761:201–215.
748:24601903
603:See also
513:$ 49.00
505:$ 48.00
497:$ 45.30
489:$ 42.90
481:$ 40.50
473:$ 41.80
465:$ 38.20
457:$ 36.50
449:$ 36.30
399:fillers
372:Fraction
336:cuttings
283:ceramics
241:plasters
89:fireweed
65:obsidian
32:pearlite
1094:Perlite
1048:L'Oréal
951:9065349
930:Bibcode
885:Perlite
739:4002636
710:Bibcode
609:Biochar
438:$ per
235:In the
209:Armenia
155:0.5-2%
119:12–15%
109:70–75%
46:Perlite
1077:
1006:
958:
948:
746:
736:
728:
674:
554:Pumice
519:
431:End of
415:other
245:mortar
202:tonnes
48:is an
1176:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
1146:(PDF)
1121:(PDF)
1110:(PDF)
839:(PDF)
828:(PDF)
549:Shale
180:: CaO
173:: MgO
144:3–5%
133:3–4%
113:: SiO
57:water
1129:2017
1075:ISBN
1004:PMID
956:PMID
744:PMID
726:ISSN
683:2020
672:ISSN
583:The
559:Slag
510:2009
502:2008
494:2007
486:2006
478:2005
470:2004
462:2003
454:2002
446:2001
433:year
375:Use
268:beer
223:Uses
159:: Fe
137:: Na
123:: Al
996:doi
992:131
946:PMC
938:doi
734:PMC
718:doi
662:doi
412:11%
396:14%
388:14%
380:53%
322:In
148:: K
63:of
1247::
1192:.
1148:.
1116:.
1112:.
1046:.
1024:.
1002:.
990:.
954:.
944:.
936:.
924:.
920:.
874:^
858:.
847:^
834:.
830:.
815:^
799:.
775:.
742:.
732:.
724:.
716:.
706:26
704:.
700:.
670:.
658:72
656:.
652:.
404:8%
354:.
342:.
277:,
263:.
247:,
204:.
1202:.
1131:.
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1010:.
998::
962:.
940::
932::
926:9
868:.
809:.
785:.
750:.
720::
712::
685:.
664::
165:3
163:O
161:2
152:O
150:2
141:O
139:2
129:3
127:O
125:2
115:2
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
