Knowledge

Discrimination against autistic people

Source šŸ“

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research funding. McDonald and Scudder (2023) explicitly distinguish health disparity conditions that affect the lives of autistic people from research grants focused on the cause, cure, and prevention of autism. Although their research focused on autistic adults without an intellectual disability, the research did not exclude this population and found a lack of funded grants focused on the treatment of health disparity conditions for autistic adults with intellectual disabilities. The research describes several systemic discriminatory "nodes" of practices and policies that may contribute to the apparent discrimination in research grant funding. These include the exclusion of disability populations from groups designated for physical health disparity research grants, the designation of autism as a "primary disease;" a designation used as a rationale for some National Institutes of Health (e.g., the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute) to exclude research focused on autistic populations from grant funding review, and the pressure on early career researchers by academic institutions (that receive NIH funding) to either change their research topic or their population for NIH grant applications and to avoid challenging NIH policies until they are at a more advanced stage in their career.
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controls, but also are associated with reduced intentions to pursue social interaction." The meta-analysis continues, "These patterns are remarkably robust, occur within seconds, do not change with increased exposure, and persist across both child and adult age groups." This may be why autistic people have "smaller social networks and fewer friendships, difficulty securing and retaining employment, high rates of loneliness, and an overall reduced quality of life." Smaller social networks, fewer friendships, and loneliness correlate with severe health outcomes. According to a paper published in the
35: 113: 2181:, the unemployment rate of autistic people may reach 85%, the highest rate among all disabled groups studied. It is noted that in many countries autism is not a disability protected by anti-discrimination employment laws, and this is due to many corporations lobbying against it. Autistic adults are also more likely to face healthcare disparities, such as being 2196:, college, or other forms of higher education, further contributing to high rates of unemployment and lower of quality of life. This failure to successfully complete education can be in part attributed to a lack of support from educational institutions. In the US, only one third of autistic children in public schools receive 2293:, autistic immigrants have been denied citizenship or they have faced deportation due to the perception that they are a "burden" upon the Canadian medical system. In 2018, reforms in Canadian immigration law were announced, the reforms are supposed to make it easier for autistic and disabled immigrants to migrate to Canada. 2273:
In the United States, recently published research shows that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has not funded grants focused on the treatment of physical health disparity conditions, such as insomnia, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions, in autistic adults across four decades of
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Further research published in 2017, a meta-analysis of three studies, demonstrated that "first impressions of individuals with ASD made from thin slices of real-world social behavior by typically-developing observers are not only far less favorable across a range of trait judgments compared to
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Singapore, which is renowned for having rigorous rules and regulations, also has severe immigration laws. According to these laws, prospective immigrants with long-term conditions, such as autism, could be turned away by the country's immigration officials.
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does not report separately on autistic victims, but it does note that the victimization rate is especially high among those whose disabilities are cognitive. A small-sample study of Americans and Canadians found that autistic adults face a greater risk of
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Australia's health criteria have prompted criticism about its immigration policies. Australia forbids the immigration of people who would be exceptionally costly for the nation's health care or social services. Autistic people are subject to this policy.
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Representation of autistic people in media has perpetuated myths about autism, including characterizing autism as shameful and burdensome for family members, advertising fake cures for autism, and publicizing the long-disproven arguments surrounding
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and over three times as likely to report unwanted sexual contact. In 2018, a large scale study found that autistic girls were almost three times more likely to be a victim of sexual abuse compared to non-autistic girls.
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McDonald, T. A. Meridian; Scudder, Audrey (2023-01-13). "Mind the NIH-Funding Gap: Structural Discrimination in Physical Healthā€“Related Research for Cognitively Able Autistic Adults".
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is frequently referred to as "distracting" and the way autistic people naturally talk is often described as rude. Stimming specifically is often targeted in therapies such as
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MacFarlane, Jaclyn R.; Kanaya, Tomoe (2009-03-10). "What Does it Mean to be Autistic? Inter-state Variation in Special Education Criteria for Autism Services".
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in front of her autistic daughter or the NYU Child Study Center's advertisements where autism is personified as a kidnapper holding children for ransom.
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found that these autistic children were more likely to engage in "two-way sibling bullying", meaning being both a victim and perpetrator of bullying.
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supported restrictive immigration policies that discriminated against autistic people. Under these policies, autistic immigrants faced deportation.
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Nicolaidis, Christina; Raymaker, Dora; McDonald, Katherine; Dern, Sebastian; Boisclair, W. Cody; Ashkenazy, Elesia; Baggs, Amanda (2012-11-21).
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New Zealand effectively prohibits the application for permanent residency for people with autism "where significant support is required".
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Sasson, Noah J.; Faso, Daniel J.; Nugent, Jack; Lovell, Sarah; Kennedy, Daniel P.; Grossman, Ruth B. (1 February 2017).
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than their peers. Autistic respondents were more than twice as likely to say they had been the victim of
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Ohlsson Gotby, Vide; Lichtenstein, Paul; LƄngstrƶm, Niklas; Pettersson, Erik (September 2018).
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deal primarily with the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada and do not represent a
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starting in 2000. Out of the children selected, 231 were autistic. The study from the
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Putz, Catherine; Sparkes, Indiana; Foubert, Josephine (18 February 2021).
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Research published in 2019 used data from more than 8,000 children in the
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Holton, Avery; Farrell, Laura C.; Fudge, Julie L. (March 28, 2014).
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Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
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The politics of autism : navigating the contested spectrum
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Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
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Toseeb U, McChesney G, Oldfield J, Wolke D (May 2020).
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Autistic people are also less likely to graduate from
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Doherty, Ben; Knaus, Christopher (23 February 2017).
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(2009). 2437: 2435: 2433: 2394:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2161:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2096: 42:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 3827:Sociological and cultural aspects of autism 1307:List of people killed for being transgender 3759:Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale 3214: 3200: 3192: 2752:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2103: 2089: 91: 3451:Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder 2625: 2542: 2485: 2467: 2413: 2365: 2257:Moreover, the autistic behavior known as 80:Learn how and when to remove this message 3456:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 379:Social determinants of health in poverty 3642:Multiple complex developmental disorder 2340: 103: 3723:Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2915:"Asperger's Doesn't Mean They're Rude" 2745: 2116:Discrimination against autistic people 2515:Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2171:Journal of Health and Social Behavior 7: 2598:Journal of General Internal Medicine 1113:Capital punishment for homosexuality 384:Social determinants of mental health 3852:Discrimination in the United States 3473:Developmental coordination disorder 2679:Journal of Child and Family Studies 2225:Discrimination in media and culture 1233:Genital modification and mutilation 2868:Waltz, Mitzi (February 16, 2012). 25: 3733:Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale 3551:Fetal valproate spectrum disorder 3323:Childhood disintegrative disorder 3061:. 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sterilization 3842:Harassment and bullying 3680:Lancet MMR autism fraud 3622:Critical autism studies 3521:22q13 deletion syndrome 3483:Intellectual disability 3433:Emotional dysregulation 3330:High-functioning autism 3130:www.immigration.govt.nz 2367:10.18061/dsq.v34i1.3348 2152:Millennium Cohort Study 2130:against people who are 1899:Internalized oppression 1753:Fighting Discrimination 1743:Fat acceptance movement 1701:Anti-discrimination law 1327:Native American mascots 3832:Discrimination by type 3690:Rapid prompting method 3632:Double empathy problem 3617:Autism rights movement 2319:Autism rights movement 2018:Social identity threat 1991:Reverse discrimination 1981:Racial color blindness 1439:Violence against women 1419:Sex-selective abortion 3775:Autism-related topics 3339:Associated conditions 3105:Equal Justice Project 2828:Communication Studies 2720:Pitney Jr JJ (2015). 2118:involves any form of 1986:Religious intolerance 1946:Political correctness 1768:Intersex human rights 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2040: 2035: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1996:Reverse racism 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1966:Prisoner abuse 1963: 1958: 1956:Power distance 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1874:Ethnic penalty 1871: 1870: 1869: 1867:Neurodiversity 1864: 1854: 1852:Dehumanization 1849: 1844: 1842:Cisnormativity 1839: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1818:Related topics 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1662:State religion 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1598:Nuremberg Laws 1595: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1540:Ghetto benches 1537: 1535:Gerrymandering 1532: 1527: 1522: 1520:Gender pay gap 1517: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1297:Lavender scare 1294: 1292:Kill Haole Day 1289: 1287:Indian rolling 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1173:Eliminationism 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1108:Cancel culture 1105: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1077:Manifestations 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 957:Middle Eastern 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 923: 922: 912: 907: 902: 897: 896: 895: 890: 885: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 791: 790: 785: 780: 770: 765: 760: 759: 758: 753: 748: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 707: 706: 705: 704: 698: 697: 694: 693: 687: 686: 684:Zoroastrianism 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 660: 659: 649: 648: 647: 646: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 610: 609: 608: 606:Untouchability 603: 593: 588: 587: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 556: 551: 546: 541: 535: 534: 533: 532: 527: 526: 523: 522: 516: 515: 510: 505: 504: 503: 498: 493: 483: 482: 481: 476: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 419:Leprosy stigma 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 308: 303: 298: 293: 287: 286: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 270: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 238: 237: 232: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 165: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 149: 148: 143: 138: 133: 127: 126: 125: 124: 121: 120: 117: 116: 108: 107: 105:Discrimination 101: 100: 88: 87: 48:of the subject 46:worldwide view 41: 39: 32: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3874: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3667:Controversies 3664: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3581:Rett syndrome 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3546:Down syndrome 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341:and phenomena 3337: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3212: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3106: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3082:. Global News 3081: 3075: 3072: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2932: 2920: 2919:Psych Central 2916: 2910: 2907: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2861: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2585: 2573: 2569: 2562: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2381: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2344: 2341: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2277: 2275: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2248:Autism Speaks 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2205:United States 2201: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2083: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2050:Social stigma 2048: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1815: 1814: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1657:State atheism 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1593:Jim Crow laws 1591: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1578:One-drop rule 1576: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1493:Blood quantum 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1471: 1470: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1434:Victimisation 1432: 1430: 1429:Trans bashing 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1399:Religious war 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1379:Racialization 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1250:Glass ceiling 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1193:Ethnic hatred 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1128:Counter-jihad 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1074: 1073: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 921: 918: 917: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 894: 893:United States 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 880: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 757: 756:United States 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 702: 696: 695: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 669:Protestantism 667: 665: 662: 658: 655: 654: 653: 650: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 619: 616: 615: 614: 611: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 592: 589: 585: 582: 580: 579:LDS or Mormon 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 561: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 530: 525: 524: 514: 511: 509: 506: 502: 499: 497: 496:Transmisogyny 494: 492: 489: 488: 487: 484: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 399:Gerontophobia 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 329:Anti-intersex 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 309: 307: 306:Anti-albinism 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 288: 279: 278: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 158: 157: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 131:Institutional 129: 128: 119: 118: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 98: 94: 93: 84: 81: 73: 63: 59: 55: 49: 47: 40: 31: 30: 27: 19: 3626: 3257:Heritability 3247:Epidemiology 3179:. 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Persecution of people with autism
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Discrimination

Institutional
Structural
Statistical
Taste-based
Age
Caste
Class
Dialect
Disability
Genetic
Hair texture
Height
Language
Looks
Mental disorder
Race / Ethnicity
Skin color
Scientific racism
Rank
Sex
Sexual orientation

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