31:
1942:
848:, November 30, 2016. Accessed February 14, 2023. "Diaconis attended George Washington High School in NYC and found himself at home as a member of the magic club.... Regardless of not being in high school, Diaconis’ teachers decided to give him grades for exams he had not taken - and he ended up graduating high school."
431:
Diaconis has been hired by casino executives to search for subtle flaws in their automatic card shuffling machines. Diaconis soon found some and the horrified executives responded, "We are not pleased with your conclusions but we believe them and that's what we hired you for."
412:, it takes 5 riffles before the total variation distance of a 52-card deck begins to drop significantly from the maximum value of 1.0, and 7 riffles before it drops below 0.5 very quickly (a threshold phenomenon), after which it is reduced by a factor of 2 every shuffle. When
423:
Diaconis has coauthored several more recent papers expanding on his 1992 results and relating the problem of shuffling cards to other problems in mathematics. Among other things, they showed that the separation distance of an ordered
1205:
2514:
2574:
2564:
2584:
2599:
2579:
2609:
2001:
1360:
401:
428:
deck (that is, aces on top, followed by 2's, followed by 3's, etc.) drops below .5 after 7 shuffles. Separation distance is an upper bound for variation distance.
2534:
2529:
385:
1397:
966:
806:"It's no coincidence: Stanford University mathematician and statistician Persi Diaconis will serve as a Patten Lecturer at Indiana University Bloomington"
404:. Diaconis is often cited for the simplified proposition that it takes seven shuffles to randomize a deck. More precisely, Diaconis showed that, in the
2589:
2594:
1994:
1282:
461:
1372:
2544:
1920:
1886:
1844:
1802:
1700:
1648:
1571:
1517:
1475:
1431:
1336:
845:
405:
327:
2604:
1987:
2559:
1083:
805:
2539:
1745:
1188:
770:
579:
1026:
Diaconis and his colleagues are issuing an update. When dealing many gambling games, like blackjack, about four shuffles are enough
2569:
1009:
2554:
2365:
487:
2149:
1974:
699:
505:
468:
413:
2549:
841:
420:
seems to take less time to mix, and the threshold phenomenon goes away (because the entropy function is subadditive).
661:
94:
2524:
409:
1733:
393:
1965:
2010:
511:
339:
66:
1389:
307:
121:
1384:
326:, and was awarded a high school diploma based on grades given to him by his teachers after dropping out of
2519:
2349:
2253:
342:
for his undergraduate work, graduating in 1971, and then obtained a Ph.D. in
Mathematical Statistics from
1286:
396:
in the early 1900s) which established rigorous results on how many times a deck of playing cards must be
1966:
Interview: Persi
Diaconis discusses his life, magic and mathematics on the 7th Avenue Project radio show
1757:
862:
493:
480:
2509:
2437:
2421:
2261:
2157:
2117:
1615:
975:
724:
635:
598:
499:
449:
276:
1591:
1158:"From shuffling cards to walking around the building: An introduction to modern Markov chain theory"
892:
829:
2445:
2213:
1721:
288:
151:
135:
2453:
2341:
2285:
2101:
1869:
1827:
1785:
1683:
1554:
1065:
1047:
991:
961:
957:
877:
343:
131:
75:
1951:
1709:
2389:
2325:
2293:
2229:
2093:
2053:
1914:
1880:
1838:
1796:
1694:
1642:
1565:
1511:
1469:
1425:
1330:
1252:
1184:
766:
614:
575:
164:
2413:
2173:
2165:
1861:
1819:
1777:
1675:
1546:
1492:
1448:
1242:
1128:
1057:
983:
937:
732:
666:
643:
606:
544:
540:
272:
225:
199:
174:
142:
1907:
1635:
1504:
1462:
1418:
1323:
1142:
1038:
Assaf, S.; Diaconis, P.; Soundararajan, K. (2011). "A rule of thumb for riffle shuffling".
809:
2381:
2269:
2221:
2125:
1903:
1657:
1631:
1500:
1458:
1414:
1319:
1283:"Graduation ceremony | 600th Anniversary | University of St Andrews - 1413-2013"
1138:
392:) a paper entitled "Trailing the Dovetail Shuffle to Its Lair" (a term coined by magician
373:
319:
104:
2197:
1100:
Diaconis, Persi (1990). "Applications of group representations to statistical problems".
517:
2014 – Recipient of Cahit Arf
Lecture by Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
1947:
979:
728:
639:
602:
2461:
2333:
2109:
2077:
2045:
1587:
1177:
568:
455:
366:
362:
350:
331:
189:
1526:
2503:
2405:
2373:
2277:
2237:
2189:
2181:
2141:
2069:
2061:
1873:
1831:
1789:
1687:
872:
756:
676:
436:
358:
303:
299:
264:
169:
147:
1558:
1179:
The lady tasting tea: how statistics revolutionized science in the twentieth century
1069:
995:
564:"Theories of data analysis: from magical thinking through classical statistics", in
2469:
2429:
2397:
2357:
2309:
2245:
2021:
553:
30:
2133:
1781:
1133:
1116:
626:
Diaconis, P.; Holmes, S; Montgomery, R (2007). "Dynamical bias in the coin toss".
1550:
2485:
2477:
2317:
671:
284:
2205:
2037:
1679:
1269:
942:
925:
917:
785:
760:
647:
389:
323:
295:
280:
204:
194:
184:
1979:
1256:
2085:
1970:
1770:
BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the
British Society for the History of Mathematics
695:
425:
417:
987:
762:
Magical
Mathematics: The Mathematical Ideas that Animate Great Magic Tricks
610:
537:
Magical
Mathematics: The Mathematical Ideas That Animate Great Magic Tricks
2029:
1823:
618:
400:
before it can be considered random according to the mathematical measure
179:
346:
in 1974, learned to read Feller, and became a mathematical probabilist.
1865:
1157:
397:
1496:
1061:
294:
He is particularly known for tackling mathematical problems involving
268:
1453:
1247:
1230:
737:
712:
330:. He returned to school at age 24 to learn math, motivated to read
1052:
354:
79:
70:
1117:"Patterns in eigenvalues: the 70th Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture"
1983:
1746:"Demystifying Chance: Understanding the Secrets of Probability"
1087:
842:"Deterministic And Probabilistic Approaches To Card Shuffling"
83:
589:
Diaconis, P. (1978). "Statistical problems in ESP research".
964:(2000). "How many shuffles to randomize a deck of cards?".
246:
237:
234:
1162:
Doc. Math. (Bielefeld) Extra Vol. ICM Berlin, 1998, vol. I
408:
of how likely it is that a riffle results in a particular
336:
2515:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
252:
543:, Princeton University Press, 2012), winner of the 2013
1084:
How a magician-mathematician revealed a casino loophole
857:
Jeffrey R. Young, "The
Magical Mind of Persi Diaconis"
2575:
Presidents of the
Institute of Mathematical Statistics
2565:
Stanford University Department of Mathematics faculty
830:
Lifelong debunker takes on arbiter of neutral choices
526:
The books written or coauthored by Diaconis include:
372:
Diaconis is married to Stanford statistics professor
334:'s famous two-volume treatise on probability theory,
255:
249:
243:
228:
1270:
List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
479:
2003 – Received an honorary D. Sci. degree from the
473:
1997 – Gibbs Lecturer, American Mathematical Society
231:
1308:
Group Representations In Probability And Statistics
531:
Group Representations In Probability And Statistics
435:He served on the Mathematical Sciences jury of the
353:, at school, Diaconis supported himself by playing
240:
157:
141:
127:
117:
100:
90:
62:
40:
21:
1176:
567:
416:is viewed as the probabilistic distance, riffle
361:. Gardner recalls that Diaconis had "fantastic
2585:Fellows of the American Statistical Association
765:, Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press,
2600:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1995:
8:
2580:Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
1896:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
1593:Magical Mathematics And Topological Barcodes
1441:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
1235:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
967:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A
533:(Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1988)
510:2013 – Received an Honorary Degree from the
2610:George Washington Educational Campus alumni
926:"Trailing the Dovetail Shuffle to its Lair"
2002:
1988:
1980:
1010:"Shuffling the cards: Math does the trick"
29:
18:
1852:Cox, Louis Anthony Tony (November 2018),
1452:
1246:
1132:
1051:
941:
736:
570:Exploring Data Tables, Trends, and Shapes
462:International Congress of Mathematicians
318:Diaconis left home at 14 to travel with
263:; born January 31, 1945) is an American
1656:Zeilberger, Doron (December 31, 2018),
688:
16:American mathematician and statistician
1912:
1878:
1836:
1794:
1692:
1640:
1563:
1509:
1467:
1423:
1328:
846:Georgia College & State University
786:"Stanford University - Persi Diaconis"
1720:Micu, Alexandru (February 12, 2018),
1596:, Mathematical Association of America
1525:Castrillon Lopez, Marco (July 2012),
388:in 1982. In 1990, he published (with
7:
2535:21st-century American mathematicians
2530:20th-century American mathematicians
1102:Proceedings of the ICM, Kyoto, Japan
1919:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1885:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1843:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1801:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1699:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1647:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1570:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1516:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1474:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1430:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1335:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
556:, Princeton University Press, 2018)
1708:Bultheel, Adhemar (January 2018),
891:O'Conner, J. J.; Robertson, E. F.
14:
1666:Hilgert, Joachim (January 2018),
1383:Stone, Alex (December 10, 2011),
1359:Howls, C. J. (15 December 2011),
1183:. New York: W.H. Freeman and CO.
1040:The Annals of Applied Probability
930:The Annals of Applied Probability
476:1998 – Plenary Speaker of the ICM
2590:American people of Greek descent
1940:
1756:Cormick, Craig (April 5, 2018),
1537:Robert, Christian (April 2013),
560:His other publications include:
271:descent and former professional
224:
2595:City College of New York alumni
1614:Hunacek, Mark (November 2017),
1371:Cook, John D. (November 2011),
2545:American probability theorists
1668:Mathematische Semesterberichte
1439:Van Osdol, Donovan H. (2012),
488:American Philosophical Society
460:1990 – Invited Speaker of the
357:on ships between New York and
1:
1975:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1810:Toller, Owen (October 2018),
1782:10.1080/17498430.2018.1478532
1744:Case, James (April 2, 2018),
1134:10.1090/s0273-0979-03-00975-3
1121:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.)
873:Interview with Martin Gardner
859:Chronicle of Higher Education
700:Mathematics Genealogy Project
506:American Mathematical Society
328:George Washington High School
1608:Ten Great Ideas about Chance
1551:10.1080/09332480.2013.794620
713:"Q&A: The mathemagician"
550:Ten Great Ideas about Chance
469:National Academy of Sciences
1314:Bougerol, Philippe (1990),
566:Hoaglin, D.C., ed. (1985).
406:Gilbert–Shannon–Reeds model
2626:
2605:Cornell University faculty
2011:John von Neumann Lecturers
1768:Crilly, Tony (June 2018),
410:riffle shuffle permutation
2560:Harvard University alumni
2017:
1732:Dyke, Phil (April 2018),
1680:10.1007/s00591-018-0217-8
1483:Benjamin, Arthur (2012),
1409:Watkins, John J. (2012),
648:10.1137/S0036144504446436
213:
110:
28:
2540:Mathematics popularizers
1812:The Mathematical Gazette
1175:Salsburg, David (2001).
1156:Diaconis, Persi (1998).
1115:Diaconis, Persi (2003).
512:University of St Andrews
402:total variation distance
340:City College of New York
67:City College of New York
2570:Scientists at Bell Labs
1390:The Wall Street Journal
1385:"Pick a Card, Any Card"
943:10.1214/aoap/1177005705
308:shuffling playing cards
122:Mathematical statistics
2555:American statisticians
2350:George C. Papanicolaou
2254:R. Tyrrell Rockafellar
1365:Times Higher Education
1272:, retrieved 2012-11-10
1229:Kehoe, Elaine (2012).
988:10.1098/rspa.2000.0625
662:Freedman–Diaconis rule
611:10.1126/science.663642
486:2005 – Elected to the
467:1995 – Elected to the
95:Freedman–Diaconis rule
1590:(December 12, 2012),
1104:. pp. 1037–1048.
504:2012 – Fellow of the
494:Van Wijngaarden Award
481:University of Chicago
384:Diaconis received a
220:Persi Warren Diaconis
2438:Bernard J. Matkowsky
2422:Jennifer Tour Chayes
1894:Huber, Mark (2019),
1824:10.1017/mag.2018.155
1628:Mathematical Reviews
1411:Mathematical Reviews
1316:Mathematical Reviews
1210:search.amphilsoc.org
1206:"APS Member History"
893:"Diaconis biography"
711:Hoffman, J. (2011).
500:Levi L. Conant Prize
456:Rollo Davidson Prize
450:MacArthur Fellowship
386:MacArthur Fellowship
148:Dennis Arnold Hejhal
2446:Charles F. Van Loan
2214:Jacques-Louis Lions
1404:, December 30, 2011
1353:Magical Mathematics
1231:"2012 Conant Prize"
1164:. pp. 187–204.
980:2000RSPSA.456.2561T
974:(2002): 2561–2568.
729:2011Natur.478..457H
640:2007SIAMR..49..211D
603:1978Sci...201..131D
498:2012 – Awarded the
492:2006 – Awarded the
454:1982 – Awarded the
289:Stanford University
152:Frederick Mosteller
136:Stanford University
2550:American magicians
2454:Margaret H. Wright
2342:Jerrold E. Marsden
2286:Olga Ladyzhenskaya
2158:Kurt O. Friedrichs
2102:James H. Wilkinson
1950:has a profile for
1866:10.1111/risa.13196
1626:Bickel, David R.,
1090:, 20 October 2022.
1016:. November 7, 2008
878:Notices of the AMS
439:in 2011 and 2012.
344:Harvard University
338:. He attended the
132:Harvard University
76:Harvard University
2525:MacArthur Fellows
2497:
2496:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2390:Ingrid Daubechies
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2326:Heinz-Otto Kreiss
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2294:Charles S. Peskin
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2262:Martin D. Kruskal
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2230:Germund Dahlquist
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2094:George F. Carrier
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2054:Solomon Lefschetz
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
1956:
1860:(11): 2497–2501,
1497:10.1137/120973238
1062:10.1214/10-AAP701
881:, June/July 2005.
861:October 16, 2011
840:Amason, Cassidy.
597:(4351): 131–136.
448:1982 – Awarded a
217:
216:
165:Sourav Chatterjee
158:Doctoral students
112:Scientific career
57:New York City, US
2617:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2414:Leslie Greengard
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2190:Joseph B. Keller
2184:
2176:
2174:Garrett Birkhoff
2168:
2166:Keith Stewartson
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1910:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1818:(555): 567–568,
1806:
1800:
1792:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1662:
1652:
1646:
1638:
1622:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1561:
1533:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1456:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1405:
1393:
1379:
1367:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1285:. Archived from
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1082:Keating, Shane.
1080:
1074:
1073:
1055:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1006:
1000:
999:
962:Trefethen, L. M.
958:Trefethen, L. N.
954:
948:
947:
945:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
882:
870:
864:
855:
849:
838:
832:
827:
821:
820:
818:
817:
808:. Archived from
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
782:
776:
775:
749:
743:
742:
740:
708:
702:
693:
667:Patience sorting
651:
622:
585:
573:
545:Euler Book Prize
541:Ronald L. Graham
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
200:Elizabeth Wilmer
175:Elizabeth Meckes
143:Doctoral advisor
54:
51:January 31, 1945
50:
48:
35:Diaconis in 2010
33:
19:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2382:Bernd Sturmfels
2222:Richard M. Karp
2126:James Lighthill
2013:
2008:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1953:Persi Diaconis
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1911:
1893:
1877:
1851:
1835:
1809:
1793:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1691:
1665:
1655:
1639:
1625:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1588:Peterson, Ivars
1586:
1585:
1581:
1562:
1536:
1524:
1508:
1482:
1466:
1454:10.1090/noti875
1438:
1422:
1408:
1396:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1327:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1248:10.1090/noti824
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
956:
955:
951:
922:Diaconis, Persi
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
890:
889:
885:
871:
867:
856:
852:
839:
835:
828:
824:
815:
813:
804:
803:
799:
790:
788:
784:
783:
779:
773:
753:Diaconis, Persi
751:
750:
746:
738:10.1038/478457a
710:
709:
705:
694:
690:
685:
658:
625:
588:
582:
565:
524:
445:
398:riffle shuffled
382:
320:sleight-of-hand
316:
277:Mary V. Sunseri
227:
223:
209:
150:
134:
74:
58:
55:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2462:Nick Trefethen
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2366:David Gottlieb
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2334:Alan C. Newell
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2302:Persi Diaconis
2299:
2291:
2283:
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