372:
33:
105:
60:
364:
82:
395:
is an annual herb up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall, with an erect, rather floppy stem with swollen joints. The leaves are alternate and almost stalkless. The leaf blades often have a brown or black spot in the centre and are narrowly ovate and have entire margins. Each leaf base has stipules
400:
is a dense spike. The perianth of each tiny pink flower consists of four or five lobes, fused near the base. There are six stamens, two fused carpels and two styles. The fruit is a shiny black, three-edged
444:
1823:
1967:
506:
In the
British Isles, this plant is a weed, without natural habitat, and always associated with human activity. It likes moist soils, particularly rich ones, and
1527:
1997:
1962:
490:
and is naturalised throughout the mainland continent, growing along roadsides, riverbanks, and on fallow ground. In the United States, it is very similar to
1077:
1784:
1403:
704:
1849:
1797:
1465:
1416:
750:
741:
674:
1872:
1563:
862:
371:
32:
1545:
1058:
999:
952:
1992:
1810:
1452:
1040:
981:
934:
89:
1911:
1674:
1470:
1854:
1604:
666:
1514:
746:
769:
1836:
1758:
1689:
1638:
1305:
1050:
991:
944:
695:
614:
104:
1987:
1916:
1885:
1679:
1625:
1532:
1046:
987:
940:
1088:
1977:
1568:
1890:
1630:
498:, something which Pennsylvania smartweed lacks. The species has also been found in New Zealand and Australia.
1266:
396:
which are fused into a stem-enclosing sheath that is loose and fringed with long hairs at the upper end. The
348:. It is widespread across Eurasia from Iceland south to Portugal and east to Japan. It is also present as an
1771:
808:
491:
1776:
1395:
1330:
910:
788:
443:– binomial names that use the same word for both the genus and the species epithet – are prohibited by the
1982:
1390:
1228:
1421:
732:
428:
224:
208:
1802:
640:
540:. It is often seen as a weed and rarely cultivated. A yellow dye can be produced from this plant with
1864:
1555:
1351:
1972:
854:
589:
49:
1506:
809:"List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs"
1934:
1877:
1707:
1699:
1139:
349:
232:
99:
1926:
1828:
1217:
1589:
1338:
868:
858:
832:
486:. The latter has narrower leaves, usually less than 1 cm wide. It has been introduced to
458:
1594:
1483:
1218:
Photograph of herbarium specimen at
Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1983
1131:
886:
584:
353:
1444:
1576:
1054:
995:
948:
482:
142:
1617:
1382:
1277:
1612:
537:
165:
129:
1018:
1956:
1478:
575:
566:
514:
487:
418:
397:
69:
64:
1939:
1712:
1343:
363:
329:
325:
321:
175:
1763:
1750:
1643:
1310:
1297:
405:. This plant flowers from July to September in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
1739:
1493:
1666:
1519:
1501:
1429:
1260:
1188:
1019:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code)
449:
357:
1287:
1103:
529:
423:
185:
1251:
872:
1377:
1364:
1903:
1841:
1656:
850:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
848:
1898:
1733:
1651:
1540:
1320:
1245:
440:
155:
1581:
1789:
1408:
1143:
545:
380:
1434:
533:
495:
473:
402:
376:
1222:
1135:
1815:
1457:
1369:
1031:
972:
926:
708:
510:
370:
362:
116:
1174:
Pamphlet of
Edinburgh and East of Scotland College of Agriculture
812:
360:
region in 1843 and has now spread through most of the continent.
833:
Biota of North
America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
541:
507:
477:
41:
1356:
1226:
915:
Gray, 1821. Spotted lady's-thumb, redshank, renouée persicaire
453:) must be used. For this reason the transfer of the species to
445:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
1118:
Simmonds, N W (1945). "Biological flora of the
British Isles.
16:
Species of flowering plant in the knotweed family
Polygonaceae
1172:
Fenton, E. W. (1931). "Poisonous and milk-staining plants".
421:
in 1753. It was first successfully transferred to the genus
494:, but redshank has a fringe of hairs at the top of the
1723:
1235:
1189:"The biology and non chemical control of Redshank (
356:in North America, where it was first noted in the
590:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T175559A1423029.en
461:in 1903, which used the tautonym, is invalid.
847:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
776:includes photos and European distribution map
609:
607:
8:
1157:Long, H. C. (1938). "Weeds of arable land".
1223:
80:
58:
31:
20:
588:
705:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
751:United States Department of Agriculture
742:Germplasm Resources Information Network
675:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
557:
247:
784:
782:
1968:NatureServe apparently secure species
1104:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,
842:
840:
536:. The young leaves may be eaten as a
7:
1917:e5249e61-697d-43dc-b4c9-241027e0fd60
1865:af30c410-97cd-4148-9330-aa003831e426
1680:bead6955-b123-4bd9-af29-f116802b962a
1556:575fee60-55f5-4c91-ad88-709595932168
413:The species was first described, as
40:Growing in the Farmington Bay area,
1998:Taxa named by Samuel Frederick Gray
1963:IUCN Red List least concern species
1059:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1000:Australian National Botanic Gardens
953:Australian National Botanic Gardens
576:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
517:is cited as a means to fight it.
1891:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:696241-1
1631:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:695052-1
621:. NatureServe. 16 September 1998
103:
1041:International Plant Names Index
982:International Plant Names Index
935:International Plant Names Index
647:. Royal Botantical Gardens. n.d
480:, where it can be mistaken for
1:
747:Agricultural Research Service
513:. It does not like lime, and
1089:Atlas of Living Australia,
1051:Harvard University Herbaria
992:Harvard University Herbaria
945:Harvard University Herbaria
770:Altervista Flora Italiana,
2014:
1047:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
988:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
941:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
645:Plants of the World Online
641:"Persicaria maculosa Gray"
447:, and a replacement name (
439:" cannot be used because
238:
231:
214:
207:
100:Scientific classification
98:
78:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
1993:Plants described in 1753
911:Flora of North America,
465:Distribution and habitat
431:in 1821, under the name
1176:. New series (4): 7–31.
565:Lansdown, R.V. (2013).
332:. Common names include
492:Pennsylvania smartweed
384:
368:
1034:Persicaria persicaria
619:Spotted Lady's-thumb"
583:: e.T175559A1423029.
437:Persicaria persicaria
429:Samuel Frederick Gray
383:fused around the stem
374:
366:
282:Polygonon persicarium
258:Persicaria persicaria
1725:Polygonum persicaria
929:Polygonum persicaria
791:Polygonum persicaria
669:Polygonum persicaria
521:Cultivation and uses
415:Polygonum persicaria
338:spotted lady's thumb
318:Polygonum persicaria
290:Polygonum persicaria
266:Persicaria ruderalis
1546:Persicaria~maculosa
1267:Persicaria maculosa
1237:Persicaria maculosa
1191:Persicaria maculosa
1106:Persicaria maculosa
1091:Persicaria maculosa
975:Persicaria maculosa
913:Persicaria maculosa
889:Persicaria maculosa
772:Persicaria maculosa
735:Persicaria maculosa
617:Persicaria maculosa
569:Persicaria maculosa
526:Persicaria maculosa
470:Persicaria maculosa
433:Persicaria maculosa
393:Persicaria maculosa
313:Persicaria maculosa
274:Peutalis persicaria
218:Persicaria maculosa
50:Conservation status
25:Persicaria maculosa
1124:Journal of Ecology
385:
369:
298:Polygonum ruderale
86:Apparently Secure
1988:Flora of Portugal
1950:
1949:
1590:Open Tree of Life
1229:Taxon identifiers
1093:Gray, Jesus Plant
864:978-1-4027-6715-9
793:Linnaeus, 1753.
459:John Kunkel Small
309:
308:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
244:
93:
73:
2005:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1907:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1880:
1868:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1844:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1818:
1806:
1805:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1779:
1767:
1766:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1520:NBNSYS0000003753
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1224:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1028:
1022:
1021:see section 23.4
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
923:
917:
908:
902:
901:
899:
898:
883:
877:
876:
844:
835:
830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
811:. Archived from
805:
799:
789:Flora of China,
786:
777:
767:
761:
760:
758:
757:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
713:
707:. Archived from
702:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
663:
657:
656:
654:
652:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
611:
602:
601:
599:
597:
592:
562:
354:invasive species
326:buckwheat family
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
250:Persicaria mitis
242:
220:
200:P. maculosa
108:
107:
87:
84:
83:
67:
62:
61:
35:
21:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1978:Flora of Europe
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1577:Observation.org
1575:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1491:MichiganFlora:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1231:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1136:10.2307/2256567
1130:(33): 117–143.
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1002:
971:
970:
966:
957:
955:
925:
924:
920:
909:
905:
896:
894:
885:
884:
880:
865:
857:. p. 110.
846:
845:
838:
831:
827:
818:
816:
807:
806:
802:
796:
787:
780:
768:
764:
755:
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731:
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726:
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694:
693:
689:
679:
677:
665:
664:
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638:
634:
624:
622:
613:
612:
605:
595:
593:
564:
563:
559:
554:
523:
504:
483:Polygonum minus
467:
411:
390:
305:
246:
245:
227:
222:
216:
203:
102:
94:
85:
81:
74:
63:
59:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:wfo-0000489142
1931:
1921:
1908:
1895:
1882:
1869:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1745:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:wfo-0000488462
1704:
1694:
1684:
1671:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
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1537:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1335:
1325:
1315:
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1212:External links
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697:BSBI List 2007
687:
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538:leaf vegetable
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1983:Flora of Asia
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1159:MAFF Bulletin
1153:
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993:
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978:
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946:
942:
938:
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879:
874:
870:
866:
860:
856:
852:
851:
843:
841:
837:
834:
829:
826:
815:on 2009-04-29
814:
810:
804:
801:
798:
792:
785:
783:
779:
775:
773:
766:
763:
752:
748:
744:
743:
738:
736:
728:
725:
714:on 2015-06-26
710:
706:
699:
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539:
535:
531:
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520:
518:
516:
512:
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
488:North America
485:
484:
479:
475:
472:is native to
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
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1618:kew-2572628
1502:NatureServe
1430:iNaturalist
1261:Wikispecies
887:"Redshank:
450:nomen novum
388:Description
358:Great Lakes
143:Angiosperms
90:NatureServe
1973:Persicaria
1957:Categories
1924:WisFlora:
1697:WisFlora:
1613:Plant List
1328:Calflora:
1199:13 October
1064:2019-05-09
1005:2019-05-09
958:2019-05-09
897:2013-12-30
819:2009-02-07
756:2017-12-18
718:2016-08-16
680:15 October
651:August 18,
625:20 January
596:20 January
552:References
544:used as a
530:persicarin
508:acid peaty
455:Persicaria
424:Persicaria
350:introduced
342:Jesusplant
261:(L.) Small
187:Persicaria
1777:220010832
1740:Q21876845
1396:220010181
1378:FloraBase
1187:Bond, W.
1120:Polygonum
1055:Libraries
996:Libraries
949:Libraries
873:244766414
528:contains
441:tautonyms
277:(L.) Raf.
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113:Kingdom:
1912:VicFlora
1904:26000881
1899:Tropicos
1829:10976377
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1246:Wikidata
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409:Taxonomy
381:stipules
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269:C.F.Reed
253:Delarbre
243:Synonymy
233:Synonyms
172:Family:
156:Eudicots
70:IUCN 3.1
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1409:6391194
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546:mordant
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502:Ecology
324:in the
301:Salisb.
182:Genus:
162:Order:
117:Plantae
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1751:115988
1748:APDB:
1644:105473
1595:439770
1553:NZOR:
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474:Europe
403:achene
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316:(syn.
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797:liao
712:(xls)
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1798:GRIN
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1528:NCBI
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1479:IUCN
1466:ITIS
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1278:1992
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1078:USDA
869:OCLC
859:ISBN
774:Gray
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653:2022
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542:alum
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478:Asia
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