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which led to the collection and successive generations of the hydrocarbons after undergoing deformation and other processes that resulted in the final compartmentalization. In the middle
Persian Gulf, large volumes of natural gas collections in Permo-Triassic accumulations have a direct link to the
583:
780:
Digital
Commons: University of Nebraska, Lincolin. (2011). Late Cretaceous to Recent Deformation Related to Inherited Structures and Subsequent Compression within the Persian Gulf: 2D Seismic Case Study. Retrieved from the website:
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formation. Then the oil migrated to the carbonates reservoir rocks and finally was trapped in the four major traps, which explains why the
Persian Gulf basin is one of the richest basins in terms of hydrocarbon resources.
669:, extensive erosions some basement tectonics. Therefore, the consistent tectonic geological evolution and the structural settings that resulted thereafter formed the Arabian plate after successive tectonic regimes.
277:
continent. A review of the world's energy with different estimates indicates that the Middle East holds 55% to 68% of the world's oil deposits and more than 40% of the world's recoverable natural gas reserves.
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372:
led to the uplift of the central
Arabian plate and tilted it eastward, which resulted in a basement tectonism and extensive erosion. The Arabian Plate underwent many compressional phases during this period.
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498:
and other deposits that came from the land were moved and then deposited at the bottom of the basin. Successive deposition and accumulation led to the creation of layers with an increased level of
385:
and
Arabian plate stretching (that resulted from the fragmentation of Gondwana in the Late Permian) resulted in extensional faulting and the early rifting of Zagros that opened the Neo-Tethys Sea.
643:
The end of the
Paleozoic experienced some transformations in terms of subsidence differentiations and sea level rise that led to the formation of structural elements such as the three troughs:
742:. Total Petroleum Systems of the Paleozoic and Jurassic, Greater Ghawar Uplift and Adjoining Provinces of Central Saudi Arabia and Northern Arabian-Persian Gulf. Retrieved from the website:
513:
Most of the oil in the
Persian Gulf basin is produced from the Jurassic carbonates. However, presently, the rocks rich in organic hydrocarbons exist in three major geological systems:
309:
Evolution of
Arabian Plate tectonics from early Paleozoic to Late Permian and Triassic, showing Early Devonian “Hercynian” compressional event and Early Zagros rifting event (usgs.gov)
1730:
626:
of the layers within the
Persian Gulf illustrates the origin of the various natural resources found in the place, the geologic processes and the tectonic regimes that occurred.
393:
This period was where the Alpine
Orogeny started to form as a result of compression, which resulted in major uplifts and erosions, in addition to the closure of Neo-Tethys Sea.
1859:
657:
Most of the geological characteristics were established during the Paleozoic which were initiated by the continuous continental marine sedimentation on the north east side of
992:
285:
resources, both oil and gas reserves with an area of approximately 93000 square miles. The name Persian Gulf in most cases refers not only to the Persian Gulf but also the
446:, major tectonic events, and stratigraphic units that make up the Greater Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous petroleum systems of the eastern Arabian Peninsula (USGS.gov)
629:
The tectonic representation of the Middle East is divided into three parts that have different characteristics concerning their age, thickness and types of rocks :
587:
Arabian Plate showing general tectonic and structural features, Infracambrian rift salt basins, and oil and gas fields of Central Arabia and North Gulf area (usgs.gov)
1809:
541:
in the reservoir rocks leads to the natural creation of zones where the natural resources become trapped and stored as reserves that are commercially recoverable.
599:, Red Sea and the south western side of the Arabian plate. On the south and south eastern side of the Arabian plate lies the Owen-Sheba which is an intra-oceanic
827:
2148:
1906:
1705:
2123:
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1931:
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1936:
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1911:
329:) is a compressional phase where a series of islands-arcs and micro-continent terrane accreted to form the oldest portions of the Arabian Plate (
450:
1537:
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510:. Continuous accumulation and increased pressure combined with heat are applied on the kerogen which then transforms into either oil or gas.
1033:
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and in the Zagros Mountains located on the east of Iran, where the Arabian plate is subducting underneath the Eurasian plate. Lastly the
2563:
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that corresponds to a maximum flooding surface. This hot shale is considered the major source of Paleozoic hydrocarbon in Saudi Arabia.
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1829:
1916:
1002:
1967:
1957:
820:
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conditions which favored extensive deposition of carbonate rocks and evaporites which resulted in a thickness of ~12 to 13 km.
246:. The Persian Gulf extends a distance of 1,000 km (620 mi) with an area of 240,000 km (93,000 sq mi). The
797:
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533:(mostly shales), and then they migrate to the reservoir layer of rocks (carbonates). After that, the formation of structural
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1977:
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as the processes progressed over time. After the deposition process, the increased pressure led to the breakdown of the
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history. Over time, the Persian Gulf basin area has experienced continuous deposition that was consistent through the
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757:"Details of Persian Gulf at 13,000m - A flooded basin - Cairo to Doha - Persian Gulf at 13,000m - A flooded basin"
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The Arabian Plate tectonic origin is grouped into six phases which contributed to its current geology:
647:
Arabian Trough – in the middle part of the basin which is largely covered by Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.
486:(which play a big role as hydrocarbon seal rocks). The accumulation process was favored by the unique
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333:). The development of Hormuz saltbasin was a consequence of the last Precambrian orogenic event.
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798:
http://assets.geoexpro.com/uploads/696e7ae7-cb6c-46bd-b10b-2a3277b67447/GEO_ExPro_v7i1_Full.pdf
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border and this resulted in the formation of the Zagros Fold Belt together with the extensive
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408:, which was as a result of the collision between the Arabian and the Eurasian plates at the
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783:
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1294&context=geosciencefacpub
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The Persian Gulf Basin: Geological history, sedimentary formations, and petroleum potential
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and accumulation processes that are related to the natural structures and the subsequent
754:: Cairo to Doha. Persian Gulf at 13,000 m- A flooded basin. Retrieved from the website:
615:, which is a transform fault zone found on the north western side of the Arabian plate.
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about ~25 Ma, which resulted in the separation of the African and the Arabian plates.
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was as a result of the deglaciation which led to extensive deposition of organic-rich
261:
and was created as a result of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.
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2017:
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796:"Why So Much Oil in the Middle East?" GEOEXPRO2010: 20-28. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.<
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719:. A Brief Tectonic History of the Arabian basin. Retrieved from the website:
700:/ Lithology and Mineral Resources. July 2006, Volume 41, Issue 4, pp 344–361
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2169:
Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies
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and consequently, the formation of the organic rich residue referred to as
650:
Gotnia Trough – in the northern side of the basin covering Iraq and Syria.
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reserves of the Persian Gulf basin have a connection with the stable
365:, the plate was located in a back-arc-setting. The initiation of the
255:
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Four major tectonic events resulted in the formation of structural
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Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War
1525:
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937:
567:
350:
341:
An expanding of polar glaciation in Gondwana occurred in the Late
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454:
Total petroleum system events chart for Central Arabia (USGS.gov)
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which is the oil-rich location in the south western side of the
243:
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114:
90:
86:
809:
269:
A collection of these countries is commonly referred to as the
665:
processes also affected the area through creation of regional
459:
226:. Other countries that border the Persian Gulf basin include;
2400:
Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands
281:
Worldwide, it is the richest side of the world in terms of
738:
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734:
732:
730:
728:
653:
Rub-Al-Khali – in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.
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715:
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607:
located on the north and north eastern side close to
1860:
Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs
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2177:
2026:
1945:
1762:
1513:
1082:
1016:
865:
138:
133:
125:
82:
77:
69:
61:
53:
18:
293:as well as various outlets that are linked to the
210:that is located between the south western side of
427:Persian basin. In addition to the opening of the
661:. Some complex events which were effects of the
1810:Afsharid conquests in the Persian Gulf and Oman
474:era and led to the initial accumulation of the
993:South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert
721:http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133
821:
8:
744:http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2202-h/b2202-h.pdf
389:Late Cretaceous phase (early Alpine orogeny)
48:Satellite picture of the Arabian Plate Basin
2149:Persian Gulf International Education Center
1907:2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel
190:: حوض الخليج الفارسی) is found between the
2124:Gulf University for Science and Technology
1770:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
1074:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field
828:
814:
806:
15:
1932:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
878:Arabian-Persian Gulf Coastal Plain Desert
1937:Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf
582:
449:
438:
401:During this period there was the second
65:240,000 km (93,000 sq mi)
678:
265:Persian Gulf Basin and the Middle East
2348:Environmental impact of the Gulf wars
7:
2475:Persian Gulf Veterans National Medal
1902:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
558:First (or early Oman) Alpine Orogeny
397:Tertiary phase (late Alpine orogeny)
2430:List of Gulf War military equipment
2144:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1090:List of islands in the Persian Gulf
928:Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
218:and south and southeastern side of
1912:2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute
1830:Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf
345:, and later sea level rose in the
14:
1968:Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union
1958:Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation
595:around the adjacent areas of the
2154:Persian Gulf Online Organization
1724:
1699:
1651:
1551:
1531:
1385:
1360:
1340:
1285:
1165:
1095:
1069:Persian Gulf Residential Complex
579:Structural and tectonic settings
42:
2245:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
1927:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1840:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
1790:Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz
1780:Ottoman campaign against Hormuz
1034:Fort Nossa Senhora da Conceição
845:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
561:Second (or late) Alpine Orogeny
552:Carboniferous Hercynian Orogeny
337:Ordovician-Silurian glaciations
254:which lies beneath the western
2440:Media coverage of the Gulf War
2326:Christianity in Eastern Arabia
1973:Arabian Gulf rugby sevens team
1922:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1865:1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict
1820:Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain
1805:1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
570:rocks found in the lower base-
423:and thus the formation of the
1:
2306:2010 Islamic Solidarity Games
1978:Arabian Gulf rugby union team
1917:2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident
1835:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
1825:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
1775:Portuguese conquest of Hormuz
1003:Tigris–Euphrates river system
702:doi:10.1134/S0024490206040055
555:Early Triassic Zagros rifting
529:Oil and gas are formed in a
435:History of natural resources
289:, the Gulf of Oman, and the
2435:Map of Iran in Afsharid Era
2159:Persian Gulf Studies Center
1353:Quoin Island (Persian Gulf)
1008:Zagros fold and thrust belt
857:Persian Gulf naming dispute
696:A. I. Konyuhov, B. Maleki,
639:Zagros fold-and-thrust belt
523:Cretaceous petroleum system
478:rocks (which are excellent
2585:
2564:Geology of the Middle East
2490:Rationale for the Gulf War
2480:Piracy in the Persian Gulf
2285:Smoothtooth blacktip shark
1679:Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal
517:Paleozoic petroleum system
202:is described as a shallow
2503:
2470:Persian Gulf National Day
2331:Culture of Eastern Arabia
1795:Action of 1 February 1625
1044:Mangrove forests of Qeshm
852:
520:Jurassic petroleum system
41:
26:
2495:The National (Abu Dhabi)
2139:Khaleeji Commercial Bank
2119:Gulf University, Bahrain
2094:Gulf Cooperation Council
2079:Arabian Gulf Oil Company
2013:UAE Pro League Committee
1800:Battle off Hormuz (1625)
1203:Greater and Lesser Tunbs
591:The Arabian Plate shows
2343:Eastern Arabian cuisine
2164:Persian Gulf University
2104:Gulf Medical University
2084:Arabian Gulf University
1998:Persian Gulf Pro League
1493:The World (archipelago)
2460:Persian Gulf (missile)
2074:Al Khaleej (newspaper)
1882:Operation Earnest Will
1855:Joint Operation Arvand
1815:Persian Gulf Residency
1669:Al Başrah Oil Terminal
1579:Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni
898:Clarence Strait (Iran)
636:Unstable Arabian shelf
588:
455:
447:
310:
2353:Gulf and Kuwait Medal
1323:Umm al Maradim Island
586:
453:
444:Stratigraphic section
442:
308:
250:basin a wedge-shaped
2543:United Arab Emirates
2465:Persian Gulf Inferno
2455:Persian Gulf (horse)
2363:Bahraini Gulf Arabic
2275:Rhizophora mucronata
2235:Hawksbill sea turtle
1850:Persian Gulf Command
1712:King Abdul Aziz Port
1393:United Arab Emirates
1064:Persian Gulf Highway
1059:Persian Gulf Complex
1049:Persian Gulf Airport
968:Mesopotamian Marshes
633:Stable Arabian shelf
224:United Arab Emirates
186:: آبخیز شاخاب پارس,
151:United Arab Emirates
111:United Arab Emirates
2410:Khaleeji (currency)
2215:Collared kingfisher
2185:Arabian carpetshark
1328:Umm an Namil Island
1054:Persian Gulf Bridge
357:Carboniferous phase
28:Stratigraphic range
2405:IRIS Khalij-e Fars
2230:Greater lizardfish
2062:SaudiGulf Airlines
1897:Gulf War oil spill
1887:Bridgeton incident
1634:Port Emam Khomeyni
1029:Ferdowsi Gas Field
973:Persian Gulf Basin
589:
456:
448:
311:
301:Tectonic evolution
180:Persian Gulf Basin
2551:
2550:
2390:Gulf War syndrome
2290:Xenisthmus balius
2069:Akhbar Al Khaleej
1763:History of region
1747:Port of Jebel Ali
1594:Bandar-e Mahshahr
1428:Bluewaters Island
1123:Diyar Al Muharraq
873:Arabian Peninsula
605:convergent margin
593:divergent margins
325:(from 800 to 650
317:Precambrian phase
216:Arabian Peninsula
176:
175:
73:12 to 13 km
2576:
2270:Porites nodifera
2225:Greater flamingo
2210:Cheekspot blenny
2195:Avicennia marina
1993:Khor Fakkan Club
1963:Arabian Gulf Cup
1845:Persian Corridor
1785:Siege of Bahrain
1729:
1728:
1704:
1703:
1656:
1655:
1556:
1555:
1536:
1535:
1418:Al Maryah Island
1391:
1389:
1388:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1263:Ommolkorm Island
1208:Hendurabi Island
1171:
1169:
1168:
1101:
1099:
1098:
998:Strait of Hormuz
830:
823:
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807:
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794:
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778:
772:
771:
769:
768:
759:. Archived from
752:
746:
740:
723:
717:
704:
694:
603:. Then there is
504:organic material
361:During the Late
291:Strait of Hormuz
212:Zagros Mountains
46:
16:
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2579:
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2577:
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2553:
2552:
2547:
2499:
2485:Project Loghman
2425:Kuwaiti Persian
2420:Khaliji (music)
2294:
2280:Slender whiting
2173:
2099:Gulf Daily News
2022:
1941:
1758:
1737:Al Hamriya Port
1723:
1698:
1650:
1550:
1530:
1509:
1478:Saadiyat Island
1453:Jazirat Badiyah
1403:Al-Aryam Island
1386:
1384:
1361:
1359:
1341:
1339:
1286:
1284:
1258:Nakhiloo Island
1223:Jazireh-ye Shif
1166:
1164:
1138:Muharraq Island
1096:
1094:
1078:
1024:Al Khaleej Road
1012:
918:Gulf of Bahrain
861:
848:
834:
804:
803:
795:
788:
779:
775:
766:
764:
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707:
695:
680:
675:
601:transform fault
581:
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399:
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287:Gulf of Bahrain
267:
49:
12:
11:
5:
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2415:Khalij (album)
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:Kuwaiti Arabic
2370:
2368:Bahrani Arabic
2365:
2355:
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2318:
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2287:
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2247:
2242:
2240:Humpback whale
2237:
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2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:Booted warbler
2202:
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2146:
2141:
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2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Dar Al Khaleej
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Gulf Traveller
2044:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:UAE Pro League
2005:
2003:UAE League Cup
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:GCC Futsal Cup
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1862:
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1852:
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1832:
1827:
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1797:
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1766:
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1749:
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1739:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Abu Flous Port
1648:
1647:
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1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
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1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Sir Abu Nu'ayr
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:Palm Jebel Ali
1465:
1460:
1458:Marawah Island
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:Al Reem Island
1420:
1415:
1413:Al Lulu Island
1410:
1405:
1400:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:Failaka Island
1300:
1298:Bubiyan Island
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1273:Shidvar Island
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
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1200:
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1185:
1180:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:Bahrain Island
1115:
1110:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
983:Shadegan Ponds
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
933:Gulf of Salwah
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Eurasian Plate
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
867:
863:
862:
860:
859:
853:
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849:
835:
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786:
773:
747:
724:
705:
677:
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671:
655:
654:
651:
648:
641:
640:
637:
634:
580:
577:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
527:
526:
521:
518:
458:The extensive
436:
433:
398:
395:
390:
387:
378:
377:Early Triassic
375:
358:
355:
347:Early Silurian
338:
335:
318:
315:
302:
299:
266:
263:
252:foreland basin
174:
173:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
57:Foreland Basin
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
24:
23:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2581:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2496:
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2478:
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2468:
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2418:
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2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Bandari music
2319:
2317:
2316:Bandar (port)
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Omura's whale
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Blacktip tope
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Khaleej Times
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Gulf Aviation
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:Organizations
2025:
2019:
2018:UAE Super Cup
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Al-Khaleej FC
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:Iran–Iraq War
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
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1833:
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1806:
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1778:
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1761:
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1740:
1738:
1735:
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1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
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1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Chabahar Port
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Bandar Lengeh
1587:
1585:
1584:Bandar Khamir
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:Bandar Deylam
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Palm Jumeirah
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Marsa Al Arab
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Dubai Islands
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1379:
1378:Tarout Island
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1338:
1334:
1333:Warbah Island
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Miskan Island
1311:
1309:
1308:Kubbar Island
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:Hormuz Island
1216:
1214:
1213:Hengam Island
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Abadan Island
1176:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1159:
1158:Umm as Sabaan
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Hawar Islands
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:Amwaj Islands
1111:
1109:
1108:Al Dar Island
1106:
1105:
1104:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:Shatt al-Arab
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:Makran Trench
961:
959:
958:Iranian Plate
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
943:Khersan River
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:Arabian Plate
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
864:
858:
855:
854:
851:
846:
842:
838:
831:
826:
824:
819:
817:
812:
811:
808:
799:
793:
791:
787:
784:
777:
774:
763:on 2016-03-04
762:
758:
751:
748:
745:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
725:
722:
716:
714:
712:
710:
706:
703:
699:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
679:
672:
670:
668:
664:
663:Carboniferous
660:
652:
649:
646:
645:
644:
638:
635:
632:
631:
630:
627:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
585:
578:
576:
573:
569:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
549:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
445:
441:
434:
432:
430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
404:
396:
394:
388:
386:
384:
376:
374:
371:
368:
364:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
316:
314:
307:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
257:
253:
249:
248:Arabian Plate
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Arabian Plate
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
17:
2569:Persian Gulf
2538:Saudi Arabia
1983:GCC Club Cup
1599:Bandar Siraf
1569:Bandar Abbas
1503:Zirku Island
1488:Sir Bani Yas
1433:Burj Al Arab
1398:Abu al Abyad
1373:Arabi Island
1368:Saudi Arabia
1318:Qaruh Island
1278:Sirri Island
1268:Qeshm Island
1253:Naaz islands
1243:Lavan Island
1238:Larak Island
1228:Kharg Island
1198:Farsi Island
1188:Buneh Island
1153:Umm an Nasan
1133:Jidda Island
972:
953:Indian Ocean
923:Gulf of Oman
908:Diyala River
837:Persian Gulf
776:
765:. Retrieved
761:the original
750:
656:
642:
628:
618:The current
617:
597:Gulf of Aden
590:
564:
543:
528:
524:
512:
457:
418:Mesopotamian
400:
392:
380:
360:
340:
320:
312:
280:
268:
228:Saudi Arabia
208:Indian Ocean
204:marginal sea
200:Persian Gulf
179:
177:
155:Saudi Arabia
134:Type section
129:Western Asia
117:(exclave of
99:Saudi Arabia
20:Persian Gulf
2358:Gulf Arabic
2311:Arabization
2250:Minke whale
1742:Khor Fakkan
1564:Arvandkenar
1544:Mina Salman
1248:Minu Island
1233:Kish Island
1193:Dara Island
1143:Nabih Saleh
888:Arabian Sea
624:compression
620:deformation
531:source rock
490:and stable
482:rocks) and
323:Precambrian
295:Arabian Sea
283:hydrocarbon
271:Middle East
32:Precambrian
2558:Categories
2385:Gulf rupee
2380:Gulf Medal
2265:Pita skate
2129:Gulftainer
2114:Gulf Today
1875:Tanker war
1752:Port Saeed
1692:Hamad Port
1498:Yas Island
1443:Das Island
1408:Al Futaisi
893:Bahmanshir
767:2015-02-21
673:References
492:subsidence
484:evaporites
383:subsidence
343:Ordovician
321:The early
2445:Ney-anbān
2336:Gargee'an
2190:Arecaceae
2109:Gulf News
2057:Qeshm Air
2033:Airlines
903:Dez River
866:Geography
496:Sediments
488:landscape
480:reservoir
476:carbonate
472:Paleozoic
367:Hercynian
70:Thickness
2178:Wildlife
2052:Kish Air
2037:Gulf Air
1892:Gulf War
1614:Dargahan
1538:Bahraini
1183:Abu Musa
839:region (
659:Gondwana
613:Dead Sea
572:Silurian
500:pressure
468:tectonic
425:foreland
421:Foredeep
414:Cenozoic
410:Mesozoic
381:Thermal
363:Devonian
331:Gondwana
222:and the
214:and the
194:and the
192:Eurasian
119:Musandam
83:Location
78:Location
2508:Bahrain
2299:Related
1731:Emirati
1717:Tanajib
1604:Bushehr
1558:Iranian
1103:Bahrain
1083:Islands
1039:Harireh
508:kerogen
429:Red Sea
406:Orogeny
370:Orogeny
240:Bahrain
206:of the
184:Persian
167:Bahrain
139:Country
107:Bahrain
36:Neogene
2523:Kuwait
2395:Habbān
2220:Dugong
1946:Sports
1733:ports
1708:ports
1688:ports
1674:Al-Faw
1660:ports
1560:ports
1540:ports
1521:Khasab
1390:
1365:
1345:
1293:Kuwait
1290:
1170:
1100:
1017:Places
978:Persis
948:Haffar
667:uplift
609:Turkey
539:faults
403:Alpine
259:thrust
256:Zagros
236:Kuwait
198:. The
188:Arabic
147:Kuwait
126:Region
95:Kuwait
2533:Qatar
1706:Saudi
1686:Qatar
1658:Iraqi
1639:Qeshm
1526:Liyan
1514:Ports
1438:Dalma
1148:Sitra
938:Karun
568:shale
546:traps
535:folds
351:shale
232:Qatar
159:Qatar
103:Qatar
22:Basin
2528:Oman
2518:Iraq
2513:Iran
2260:Orca
1644:Suza
1629:Laft
1624:Kish
1619:Jask
1348:Oman
1173:Iran
843:and
841:Iran
566:hot
537:and
462:and
412:and
275:Asia
244:Iraq
242:and
220:Oman
178:The
171:Iraq
169:and
163:Oman
143:Iran
115:Oman
113:and
91:Iraq
87:Iran
62:Area
54:Type
464:gas
460:oil
34:to
2560::
789:^
727:^
708:^
681:^
548::
327:Ma
297:.
238:,
234:,
230:,
165:,
161:,
157:,
153:,
149:,
145:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
93:,
89:,
30::
847:)
829:e
822:t
815:v
770:.
182:(
121:)
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