218:, the curator of the National Museum of Pakistan, studied the item in police custody, she realised that the corpse was not as old as the coffin. The body had shown signs of decomposition fungus on the face, a sign of a recently deceased body, and the mat below the body was about five years old. During the investigation, Iran and the Taliban repeated their demands. The Taliban claimed that they had apprehended the smugglers who had taken the mummy out of Afghanistan.
287:. The exhibition functions as a tribute to the anonymous woman who, in an instant, went from the status of a Princess in a gold-plated coffin displayed in a national museum, to the victim of a vicious murder in whom everyone quickly lost interest. The extreme transformation of the perception of the archeological object – from an honored Princess to a woman who was murdered – is what interests Greenfeld.
294:, Gold Crown, etc. She painted the symbols on artificial grass, and created a hybrid of lyrical abstract paintings, Persian rugs and graffiti murals. The works that are shown on the walls and on the floor seem to be graffiti murals and then seem to be rugs, but in both cases they are synthetic imitations of the original.
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The mummy was found on 19 October 2000. During a murder investigation, Pakistani authorities were alerted to a videotape recorded by Ali Aqbar, in which he claimed to have a mummy for sale. When questioned by the police, Aqbar told them where the mummy was located; at the house of tribal leader Wali
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indicated that the mummification had not been made following ancient
Egyptian custom – for example, the heart had been removed along with the rest of the internal organs, whereas the heart of a genuine Egyptian mummy would normally be left inside the body. Furthermore, tendons that should have
254:
dating also confirmed the mummy's status as a modern fake. Her teeth had been removed after death, and her hip joint, pelvis and backbone damaged, before the body had been filled with powder. Police began to investigate a possible murder and arrested a number of suspects in
Baluchistan.
249:
Ibrahim published her report on 17 April 2001. In it, she stated that the "Persian princess" was in fact a woman about 21–25 years of age, who had died around 1996, possibly killed with a blunt instrument to the lower back/pelvic region (e.g., hit by vehicle from behind). A subsequent
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took custody of the body, and on 5 August 2005, announced that it was to be interred with proper burial rights. However, police and other government officials never responded to numerous requests, and it was not until 2008 that the foundation finally carried out the burial.
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to describe an incident the previous March when he was shown photographs of a similar mummy. Amanollah Riggi, a middleman working on behalf of an unidentified antiquities dealer in
Pakistan, had approached him, claiming its owners were a
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The Awan tribe of
Balochistan, saying the inscriptions proved the princess belonged to the Awan royal family of Hika Munshi, asked that the mummy be moved immediately to the local Kallar Kahar Fossils Museum.
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claimed her as a member of
Persian royal family and demanded the mummy's return. Pakistan's Archaeological Department HQ said that it belonged to Pakistan because it had been found in Baluchistan. The
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image. The mummy was atop a layer of wax and honey, was covered by a stone slab and had a golden crown on its brow. An inscription on the golden chest plate claimed that she was the relatively unknown
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in
Balochistan also claimed ownership by saying that according to the inscription, mummy might be a member of The House of Hika Munshi - an Awan royal family and demanded that it should be moved to
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89:, the equivalent of $ 11 million. Reeki and Aqbar were accused of violating the country's Antiquities Act, a charge which carries a maximum sentence of ten years in prison.
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family who had brought it to the country. The seller had claimed that it was a daughter of Xerxes, based on a translation of the cuneiform of the
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207:, analysis had shown that the coffin was only around 250 years old. Muscarella had suspected a forgery and severed contact. He had informed
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Hasan Dani speculated that she might have been an
Egyptian princess married to a Persian prince, or a daughter of the Achaemenid king
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140:. However, because mummification had been primarily an Egyptian practice, they had not encountered any mummies in Persia before.
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The inscriptions on the breastplate were not in proper grammatical
Persian. Instead of a Persian form of the daughter's name,
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Kretschmer, M.; von
Grundherr, K.; Kritzler, K.; et al. (2004). "The mystery of the Persian mummy: original or fake?".
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Greenfeld picked up the signs and symbols used by the forgers, such as engraved rosettes, Cypress gold, the icon of
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of
Afghanistan also made a claim. People in Quetta demanded that the police should return the mummy to them. The
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in October 2000. After considerable attention and further investigation, the mummy proved to be an
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The governments of Iran and Pakistan soon began to argue about the ownership of the mummy. The
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announced that the mummy seemed to be a princess dated circa 600 BC. The mummy was wrapped in
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41:
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388:(2003). "A Further Spurious Inscription in Old Persian Writing: The Mummy of 'Rhodogoune'".
203:, the father of Xerxes. When the dealer's representative had sent a piece of a coffin to be
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named Sharif Shah Bakhi, who had said that he had found it after an earthquake near
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Fossil Museum (Kallar Kahar is considered the primary settlement of Awan tribe).
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457:"BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - The Mystery of the Persian Mummy"
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in western Iran. The Behistun inscription was carved during the reign of
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Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān - International journal of ancient Iranian studies
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599:[A Persian princess wakes up on Cyrus Street] (in Hebrew).
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The cuneiform text on the breastplate contained a passage from the
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News of the Persian Princess prompted American archaeologist
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In a press conference on 26 October, Pakistani archaeologist
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is the name of an exhibition presented in August 2016 in
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In November 2000, the mummy was placed in display in the
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Romey, Kristin M.; Rose, Mark (January–February 2001).
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Romey, Kristin M.; Rose, Mark (January–February 2001).
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
73:. Reeki claimed he had received the mummy from an
109:style, and rested in a gilded wooden coffin with
659:History of Balochistan, Pakistan (1947–present)
597:"נסיכה פרסית מתעוררת ברחוב כורש - אמנות - הארץ"
524:Pakistan Press Foundation (December 31, 2008)
336:"Special Report: Saga of the Persian Princess"
246:decayed over the centuries were still intact.
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545:"'exhibition 'The Persian Princess - Ha'ira"
81:. The mummy had been put up for sale in the
419:(1). Archaeological Institute of America.
117:. The coffin had been carved with a large
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346:(1). Archaeological Institute of America.
21:For the 1708 play by Lewis Theobald, see
434:"Trowelblazers Interview: Asma Ibhrahim"
571:"Hili Greenfeld's The Persian Princess"
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150:Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization
7:
526:"Mummified remains of woman buried"
511:Khan, Aamer Ahmed (5 August 2005).
455:Corporation, British Broadcasting.
272:Representations in contemporary art
513:"Burial for Pakistan's fake mummy"
14:
69:, Baluchistan near the border of
362:The Mystery of the Persian Mummy
364:. BBC Two. 20 September 2001. (
436:. Trowelblazers. 4 August 2021
409:"Saga of the Persian Princess"
1:
547:. Haira.co.il. Archived from
252:accelerator mass spectrometry
674:Unidentified murder victims
169:National Museum of Pakistan
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499:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.124
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225:, the forgers had used a
44:princess who surfaced in
649:Archaeological forgeries
304:List of unsolved murders
113:carvings inside a stone
485:. B. 223–224: 672–675.
103:Quaid-e-Azam University
85:market for 600 million
181:Oscar White Muscarella
50:archaeological forgery
654:Female murder victims
125:, a daughter of king
46:Pakistani Baluchistan
551:on 20 September 2016
277:The Persian Princess
197:Behistun inscription
129:and a member of the
23:The Persian Princess
491:2004NIMPB.223..672K
16:Archaeological hoax
531:2014-10-21 at the
243:Agha Khan Hospital
131:Achaemenid dynasty
127:Xerxes I of Persia
65:Mohammed Reeki in
211:through the FBI.
93:Misidentification
83:black antiquities
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644:2000 in Pakistan
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34:Persian Mummy
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634:1990s deaths
629:1970s births
605:. Retrieved
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579:. Retrieved
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555:12 September
553:. Retrieved
549:the original
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205:carbon dated
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162:Kallar Kahar
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639:2000 hoaxes
607:30 December
581:30 December
575:Asylum Arts
515:. BBC News.
413:Archaeology
340:Archaeology
292:Ahura Mazda
190:breastplate
186:Zoroastrian
115:sarcophagus
71:Afghanistan
623:Categories
440:4 November
396:(1): 3–13.
366:transcript
310:References
223:Wardegauna
158:Awan tribe
466:1 October
461:bbc.co.uk
281:Jerusalem
241:scans in
231:Rhodugune
144:Ownership
123:Rhodogune
119:faravahar
111:cuneiform
60:Discovery
529:Archived
298:See also
229:version
209:Interpol
56:victim.
669:Mummies
601:Haaretz
487:Bibcode
154:Taliban
75:Iranian
42:Persian
664:Hoaxes
201:Darius
87:rupees
79:Quetta
67:Kharan
54:murder
239:X-ray
227:Greek
214:When
38:mummy
36:is a
609:2020
583:2020
557:2016
468:2016
442:2021
263:The
259:Fate
237:and
28:The
495:doi
235:CAT
32:or
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