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372:, except for the scazons of the short prologue above referred to. The first satire censures the literary tastes of the day as a reflection of the decadence of the national morals. The theme of Seneca's 114th letter is similar. The description of the recitator and the literary twaddlers after dinner is vividly natural, but an interesting passage which cites specimens of smooth versification and the languishing style is greatly spoiled by the difficulty of appreciating the points involved and indeed of distributing the dialogue (a not uncommon crux in Persius). The remaining satires handle in order (2) the question as to what we may justly ask of the gods (cf.
198:) prevented him from completing the book. He has been described as having "a gentle disposition, girlish modesty and personal beauty", and is said to have lived a life of exemplary devotion towards his mother Fulvia Sisennia, his sister and his aunt. To his mother and sister he left his considerable fortune. Cornutus suppressed all his work except the satires, to which he made some slight alterations before handing it over to Bassus for editing. It proved an immediate success.
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hardly have been less than that of
Lucilius. Not only characters, as noted above, but whole phrases, thoughts and situations come directly from him. The resemblance only emphasizes the difference between the caricaturist of Stoicism and its preacher. Persius strikes the highest note that Roman satire
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iii.110), especially the relationship between excesses of consumption and moral failure; he shows little of Horace's easy-going acceptance of human weaknesses. Perhaps the sensitive, homebred nature of
Persius can also be glimpsed in his frequent references to ridicule, whether of great men by street
403:
This perhaps means that a sentence in which
Persius had left a line imperfect, or a paragraph which he had not completed, had to be omitted. The same authority says that Cornutus definitely blacked out an offensive allusion to the emperor's literary taste, and that we owe to him the reading of the
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Some of the parallel passages in the works of
Persius and Seneca are very close, and cannot be explained by assuming the use of a common source. Like Seneca, Persius censures the style of the day, and imitates it. Indeed, in some of its worst failings, straining of expression, excess of detail,
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exaggeration, he outbids Seneca, whilst the obscurity, which makes his little book of not seven hundred lines so difficult to read and is in no way due to great depth of thought, compares poorly with the terse clearness of the
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agree so closely does not of course prove the authenticity of the former. One of the points of harmony is, however, too subtle for us to believe that a forger evolved it from the works of
Persius: the
141:, of good stock on both parents' side. When he was six years old he lost his father; his stepfather died a few years later. At the age of twelve Persius came to Rome, where he was taught by
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itself, though not free from the suspicion of interpolation and undoubtedly corrupt and disordered in places, is probably trustworthy. The manuscripts say it came from the commentary of
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reached; in earnestness and moral purpose he rises far superior to the political rancour or good-natured persiflage of his predecessors and the rhetorical indignation of
416:" Traces of lack of revision are, however, still visible; cf. e.g. v.176 (sudden transition from ambition to superstition) and vi.37 (where criticism of Greek
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wisdom and a strong criticism for what he considered to be the stylistic abuses of his poetic contemporaries. His works, which became very popular in the
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might here mean "stepfather," or
Persius may have forgotten his own autobiography, may be simply reproducing one of his models. The mere fact that the
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A keen observer of what occurs within his narrow horizon, Persius did not shy away from describing the seamy side of life (cf. e.g. such hints as
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has nothing to do with the context). The parallels to passages of Horace and Seneca are recorded in the commentaries: in view of what the
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made
Persius want to write like him, and he set to work on a book of his own satires. But he wrote seldom and slowly; a premature death (
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190:, and another work, probably on travel (although this would have been before the travels with Thrasea Paetus). Reading the satires of
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were not left complete; some lines were taken (presumably by
Cornutus or Bassus) from the end of the work so that it might be
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gives the impression of a "bookish" youth, who never strayed far from home and family. This is also the picture drawn by the
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378:), (3) the importance of having a definite aim in life, (4) the necessity of self-knowledge for public men (cf. Plato's
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320:. From him we learn how that philosophy could work on minds that still preserved the depth and purity of the old Roman
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The manuscripts of
Persius fall into two groups, one represented by two of the best of them, the other by that of
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Passages like iii.87, 100 sqq. show elaboration carried beyond the rules of good taste. "Popular" words:
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The chief interest of
Persius's work lies in its relation to Roman satire in its interpretation of Roman
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in his presence (Sat. 3.4 sqq.) implies a more mature age than that of six in the performer. But
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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add a few details—on what authority is, as generally with such sources, very doubtful. The
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247:) themselves is in its statement as to the death of Persius's father. The declaiming of a
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Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries
657:(Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009) (Martin Classical Lectures).
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625:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 254–255.
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contained in the manuscripts, Persius was born into an equestrian family at
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High resolution images of works by Persius in .jpg and .tiff format.
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x.163 is interesting. Examples of bold language or metaphor: i.25,
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754:(ed.), Lipsiae, typis et impensis Breitropfii er Baertelii, 1843.
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The first important editions were: (1) with explanatory notes:
152:. During the next four years he developed friendships with the
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I.41), but we can at least recognize in the scene that opens
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17th-century Scottish gravestone with a quote from Persius:
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90:; 4 December 34 – 24 November 62 AD) was a
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Auli Persii Flacci satirarum liber, cum scholiis antiquis
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Persius: A Study in Food, Philosophy, and the Figural.
225:, no doubt a learned edition of Persius like those of
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The Knotted Thong: Structures of Mimesis in Persius
564:. Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press.
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650:(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997).
388:' teaching), and (6) the proper use of money.
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643:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015).
337:; the authority is a late one (the Byzantine
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703:has original text related to this article:
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529:(Paris, 1605, enlarged edition by
368:Persius's satires are composed in
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759:The Life of Aulus Persius Flaccus
456:ueteres auiae de pulmone reuello.
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1106:Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)
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279:gamins or of the cultured by
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349:3 kinship with such work as
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514:. Since the publication of
301:Vive memor lethi fugit hora
186:dealing with an episode in
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1126:Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)
1116:Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)
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202:Doubts over his biography
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1111:Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
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622:Encyclopædia Britannica
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327:Epistolae morales
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