233:
199:, a company chaired by India-born, UK-based businessman Kamal Siddiqi. The close relationship between Mahathir Mohamad and Kamal Siddiqi was instrumental in the establishment of POEM. Under the original joint venture agreement, FNR had offered their electric vehicle technology, while TNB agreed to produce the end product using body components supplied by CAR and Musteq. The chairman of POEM, Ahmad Tajuddin Ali hoped that the joint venture would enable technology transfer for electric vehicle development in Malaysia while also reducing environmental pollution, whereas Mahathir opined that electric vehicles would offer more choices in the market.
219:
334:
Australia for sale to the organisers of the 2000 Summer
Olympics, half of which were reportedly Solar Baby / Eleksuria models. The POEM units exported to Australia were marketed as Frazer-Nash vehicles instead. After the Olympics concluded, the organisers sold the various electric vehicles to private buyers and local establishments. However, a report by the Sydney Morning Herald later detailed how many of the vehicles had broken down by 2002, and that Frazer-Nash Australia couldn't service or repair them, as Frazer-Nash UK had by then cut-off financial support to their Australian branch.
305:
batteries for later models were known to be sourced from Texas-based
Electrosource Inc.. It was reportedly priced around RM 40,000 in February 1998, and was sold to primarily business customers. The Eleksuria was never intended to compete against conventional vehicles such as the Perodua Kancil or Modenas motorcycles. The initial batch of Eleksuria produced were not road legal, and was only permitted for use on private property grounds such as at airports and resorts. However, by July 1998, the Eleksuria had received
262:, which it claimed was ready for commercial production. TNB had previously developed an electric-powered van prototype as early as October 1996. Despite its early gains in electric vehicle technology, Tenaga Nasional did not pursue any subsequent large scale endeavours into the automotive industry. However, the relationship between Mahathir Mohamad and Kamal Siddiqi held on and Frazer-Nash Research would go on to work with Proton in the late 2000s, leading up to several hybrid-electric prototypes of the
1513:
1563:
195:(30%). The remaining 30% equity was divided between Musteq Industries, FIMA chairman Basir Ismail, and Composite Automotive Research (CAR), a company founded by former Proton general manager Nadzmi Salleh. It was reported that FNR approached TNB with the concept of electric vehicle production in 1996. Frazer-Nash Research is a subsidiary of
132:) is the name of a defunct Malaysian company that produced small electric vehicles in the late 1990s and early 2000s. POEM was established in 1996 as a joint venture between Tenaga Nasional and Frazer-Nash Research. The first POEM vehicle, the Eleksuria was touted as Malaysia's first electric vehicle upon its launch in December 1997.
156:, fast-tracked by Mahathir upon his ascension to the post of Prime Minister in 1981. Despite initial struggles and complications, Proton managed to firmly establish itself as a major player in the local market, and its success paved the way for a wave of new Mahathir-endorsed national car companies in the 1990s.
282:
By the mid-2000s, Perusahaan
Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia) had effectively stalled and the company became a dormant entity. TNB later took FNR to court over failed debt repayments, and the ensuing legal tussle dragged on as late as 2018. In September 2015, FNR chairman Kamal Siddiqi became implicated
299:
was launched on 1 December 1997. The
Eleksuria is a licensed produced version of the 'Solar Baby' developed by Frazer-Nash Research. The Solar Baby / Eleksuria is a fully-electric buggy-type vehicle which could seat four occupants. POEM commenced limited production of the Eleksuria in November 1997
214:
in Sydney. By late 1999, POEM had shifted production to a larger facility in the Hicom
Glenmarie complex which could produce 6,000 units annually. TNB also raised its equity stake in POEM from 40% to 92%, with the remaining 8% held by FNR. By late 2000, it was reported that POEM had sold over 3,000
135:
POEM electric vehicles were most notably used as personnel transporters during the 1998 Commonwealth Games and 2000 Summer
Olympics. POEM had aspired to mass produce small electric vehicles for primarily business customers in domestic and export markets. Although prospects were reportedly positive,
313:
Apart from the
Eleksuria, POEM had also produced other variants and configurations to suit different applications and buyers. Where the Eleksuria was primarily designed as a people-mover, a 'Golf Buggy' variant was produced for golf resort use, a 'Harrods Buggy' version was designed for British
304:
campus with a small workforce of 30 to 40 personnel. The conventional lead-acid batteries which powered the
Eleksuria gave it a claimed range of 120 km between charges, and could be fully charged within an hour. The Eleksuria was reportedly produced with more than 50% local content, while the
333:
for use at his luxury department chain
Harrods. At least 300 POEM vehicles were reportedly supplied to the organisers of the 1998 Commonwealth Games. POEM electric vehicles were also supplied to TNB power plants throughout Malaysia. POEM supplied at least 324 electric vehicles to Frazer-Nash
274:
which participated in the 2011 RAC Future Car
Challenge. The electric-powered Protons were hailed and touted for mass production, but like the FNR-TNB joint venture, the FNR-Proton project ultimately stalled, and Proton would go on to partner with Korea-based
250:
joint venture between FNR and TNB. The reasoning behind the breakdown is unclear, but it was reported that FNR was losing millions of pounds and was indebted to many of its business partners. Malaysia was also gripped by its worst-ever
309:
road legal certification for use on all Malaysian roads except highways. POEM also unveiled an updated version of the Eleksuria in July 1998, featuring a more car-like design with doors and headlights which were more spaced apart.
1136:
596:
482:
675:
941:
975:
1295:
523:
439:
877:
1191:
258:
Nonetheless, TNB gradually acquired the technical know-how for electric vehicle development, and in October 1999, the company unveiled that it had developed a prototype of an electric-powered
329:
By late 2000, POEM had reportedly sold over 3,000 electric vehicles to business customers in both domestic and export markets. Around 500 units were reportedly sold to Egyptian businessman,
1551:
711:
203:
1125:
585:
471:
664:
930:
779:
967:
1284:
512:
287:' scandal. By the late 2010s, Frazer-Nash Research had incurred significant debt, and the British court ordered it to wind up along with its parent company Kamkorp.
246:
However, the joint venture began to break down in 1999, and TNB subsequently relinquished its majority stake to FNR. By early 2000, POEM had been restructured as a
428:
745:
842:
1544:
632:
1199:
1036:
187:
Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia) was incorporated in November 1996 as a joint-venture primarily between Malaysian state-owned electricity provider
1529:
232:
1731:
1656:
1337:
2108:
2103:
1537:
2057:
703:
1232:
908:
2062:
365:
284:
1436:
319:
306:
812:
218:
202:
On 1 December 1997, the first product from the joint venture, the Eleksuria was launched in Bangi and subsequently exhibited at the
1254:
1091:
771:
2072:
2006:
553:
390:
1169:
869:
1567:
360:
263:
225:
1006:
2082:
2027:
144:
Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia) was one of several 'national car' companies set up in the 1990s under the purview of
1824:
1669:
1330:
350:
1066:
2077:
2052:
737:
2047:
1901:
1896:
1402:
1219:
1217:
834:
252:
2113:
1421:
624:
301:
1028:
337:
One such Eleksuria unit from the 2000 Summer Olympics is currently preserved at the National Transport Museum in
1517:
1488:
1323:
805:"Tenaga Nasional Berhad v Frazer-Nash Research Ltd & Anor [2018] EWHC 2970 (QB) (06 November 2018)"
206:. POEM produced more electric vehicles for use as personnel transporters at various public events such as the
1493:
1462:
207:
968:"RAC Future Car Challenge Brighton to London: Proton wins two awards, Gordon Murray T.27 is overall winner"
1407:
2022:
1866:
1588:
1749:
1387:
211:
192:
169:
153:
117:
1224:
900:
255:. Additionally, POEM's American battery supplier Electrosource also went bankrupt in November 2001.
1978:
1934:
1583:
1578:
267:
27:
1392:
1939:
1858:
1472:
1467:
1397:
1452:
1837:
1790:
1377:
184:(1998) which produced retro classics, and POEM (1997) which produced small electric vehicles.
835:"Frazer-Nash Research Limited Director's Report And Accounts For The Year Ended 30 June 2000"
136:
the joint venture quickly broke down and POEM quietly faded into obscurity by the mid-2000s.
330:
145:
101:
55:
1886:
1881:
1631:
1346:
188:
149:
113:
804:
1262:
1099:
1944:
1775:
276:
259:
239:
108:
2097:
2032:
1811:
1754:
1721:
1708:
1161:
215:
electric vehicles to various business customers in both domestic and export markets.
698:
696:
998:
271:
765:
763:
864:
862:
860:
1783:
799:
797:
619:
617:
323:
222:
Frazer-Nash Research helped develop several electric-powered Proton prototypes.
2037:
1845:
1819:
1762:
1457:
1058:
579:
577:
575:
1119:
1117:
1736:
507:
505:
503:
161:
546:
544:
2067:
2042:
1562:
1382:
355:
338:
79:
466:
464:
462:
460:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
204:
1997 Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA '97)
1624:
1618:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
384:
382:
380:
315:
196:
165:
157:
1086:
1084:
1874:
1662:
1637:
1613:
731:
729:
181:
177:
173:
75:
472:"DR MAHATHIR LAUNCHES "ELEKSURIA", COUNTRY'S FIRST ELECTRIC VEHICLE"
295:
The first product from Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia), the
160:
commenced production of small economy vehicles in 1994, followed by
1741:
1713:
1315:
554:"TNB PUTS POEM IN MOTION TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC-POWERED GOLF-BUGGIES"
236:
Tenaga Nasional made an electric-powered Kancil prototype in 1999.
231:
217:
1798:
1533:
1319:
1162:"ELECTROSOURCE GETS ORDER FOR LIGHT-WEIGHT INTELLIGENT BATTERY"
1850:
1803:
1126:"Electric car likely to be priced from RM28,000 to RM35,000"
429:"POEM GEARING ITSELF TO BOOST ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRODUCTION"
126:
Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (POEM)
999:"Proton Iriz EV prototype in Korea, developed with LG!"
772:"Tenaga unit develops, tests electric Kancil prototype"
326:. POEM also had plans to produce electric motorcycles.
322:. Some of the variants produced also had roof-mounted
164:
which produced non-mainstream Proton models in 1996,
1999:
1969:
1915:
1701:
1688:
1646:
1606:
1597:
1481:
1445:
1429:
1416:
1370:
1353:
318:, and an 'Airport Buggy' model was made for use at
107:
97:
85:
71:
63:
51:
33:
23:
1059:"Winding-Up Orders - FRAZER-NASH RESEARCH LIMITED"
738:"EXCLUSIVE: Battery-powered Proton Saga EV driven"
552:
389:
300:at a temporary facility within Tenaga Nasional's
513:"MAHATHIR TO LAUNCH FIRST ELECTRIC CAR TOMORROW"
1192:"PM memandu uji kereta Eleksuria model terbaru"
1545:
1331:
901:"Electrosource bankruptcy leaves $ 5.7M debt"
8:
704:"DIVESTMENT OF 72% TNB STAKE IN POEM TO FNR"
18:
1784:Hino Motors Manufacturing Malaysia (HMMMSB)
1225:"National Transport Museum - Photo Gallery"
148:. The first of the national car companies,
1698:
1603:
1552:
1538:
1530:
1338:
1324:
1316:
1285:"300 ELECTRIC CARS FOR COMMONWEALTH GAMES"
870:"Electric lemons that made bitter enemies"
17:
1732:HICOM Automotive Manufacturers (Malaysia)
1092:"Mahathir launches national electric car"
320:Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA)
1198:(in Malay). 15 July 1998. Archived from
931:"PM VISITS TENAGA NASIONAL HEADQUARTERS"
152:was set up in 1983 as the result of the
2058:Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia
1925:Associated Motor Industries (Malaysia)
1676:Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia)
1499:Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia)
770:Pratap Parameswaran (19 October 1999).
376:
176:(1998) which produced trucks and vans,
19:Perusahaan Otomobil Elektrik (Malaysia)
1825:Naza Automotive Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
1363:National Electricity Board (1965-1990)
1261:(in Malay). 2 May 1998. Archived from
279:for its electric vehicle development.
130:Electric Automobile Company (Malaysia)
2063:Malaysian motor vehicle import duties
1360:Central Electricity Board (1949-1965)
997:Jonathan James Tan (1 October 2014).
899:Mary Alice Kaspar (9 December 2001).
366:Plug-in electric vehicles in Malaysia
7:
1737:DRB-HICOM Commercial Vehicles (DHCV)
1949:Kelang Pembena Kereta-Kereta (KPKK)
1301:from the original on 29 August 2020
1235:from the original on 29 August 2020
1172:from the original on 27 August 2020
1142:from the original on 27 August 2020
1069:from the original on 29 August 2020
1039:from the original on 29 August 2020
1009:from the original on 29 August 2020
978:from the original on 29 August 2020
947:from the original on 29 August 2020
911:from the original on 27 August 2020
880:from the original on 27 August 2020
845:from the original on 27 August 2020
815:from the original on 27 August 2020
782:from the original on 29 August 2020
748:from the original on 29 August 2020
714:from the original on 29 August 2020
681:from the original on 27 August 2020
635:from the original on 29 August 2020
602:from the original on 27 August 2020
529:from the original on 27 August 2020
488:from the original on 27 August 2020
445:from the original on 27 August 2020
391:"POEM TO PRODUCE CITYCAR NEXT YEAR"
168:(1996) which produced motorcycles,
1935:Cycle & Carriage Bintang (CCB)
1437:Tenaga Nasional Berhad Hockey Club
1229:www.nationaltransportmuseum.com.au
663:Cheah Chor Sooi (5 October 2000).
625:"The Environmental Games (pg. 18)"
14:
2007:Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia
1255:"Harrods beli 500 unit Eleksuria"
1098:. 2 December 1997. Archived from
1922:Asia Automobile Industries (AAI)
1561:
1512:
1511:
1403:TNB Integrated Learning Solution
2109:Automotive industry in Malaysia
2104:1996 establishments in Malaysia
1958:Tatab Industries Assembly Plant
1568:Automotive industry in Malaysia
586:"Kereta elektrik bukan saingan"
361:History of the electric vehicle
2028:Malaysian Federal Roads System
1955:Sarawak Motor Industries (SMI)
1940:Ford Motor Company of Malaysia
584:Karim Sulaiman (7 June 1997).
551:Wan A. Hulaimi (6 June 1997).
1:
1952:Kinabalu Motor Assembly (KMA)
1945:General Motors Malaysia (GMM)
966:Danny Tan (6 November 2011).
736:Danny Tan (4 November 2011).
351:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
91:Ahmad Tajuddin Ali (Chairman)
2053:Sepang International Circuit
1875:Inokom Corporation Sdn. Bhd.
1124:Rashid Yusof (7 June 1997).
253:economic crisis in 1997/1998
189:Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
2048:Malaysian Expressway System
1887:Tan Chong Motor Assemblies
1842:R&A Commercial Vehicles
1834:N.B. Heavy Industries (NBH)
1791:Mitsubishi Motors Malaysia
2130:
1867:Hyundai-Sime Darby Motors
1859:Sime Darby Auto ConneXion
1838:Oriental Assemblers (OASB)
1763:Volkswagen Group Malaysia
1750:Isuzu-HICOM Malaysia (IHM)
1422:Universiti Tenaga Nasional
665:"Demand for electric cars"
193:Frazer-Nash Research (FNR)
2018:
1722:Berjaya China Motor (BCM)
1574:
1507:
2078:Ministry of Public Works
1772:Hong Seng Assembly (HSA)
1728:Deauto Industries (DISB)
1417:Educational institutions
210:in Kuala Lumpur and the
1755:Mercedes-Benz Malaysia
1494:Yayasan Tenaga Nasional
1029:"Who is Kamal Siddiqi?"
208:1998 Commonwealth Games
1820:Naza Euro Motors (NEM)
1463:Che Khalib Mohamad Noh
243:
229:
39:; 27 years ago
2073:Ministry of Transport
2023:Transport in Malaysia
1983:Pioneer Coachbuilders
1776:Isuzu Malaysia (IMSB)
1693:vehicle manufacturers
1600:vehicle manufacturers
1589:Transport in Malaysia
235:
221:
1063:www.thegazette.co.uk
1035:. 9 September 2015.
839:www.thegazette.co.uk
522:. 30 November 1997.
438:. 21 February 1998.
212:2000 Summer Olympics
154:National Car Project
118:Frazer-Nash Research
2083:Ministry of Finance
1979:Gemilang Coachworks
1584:Economy of Malaysia
1579:Automotive industry
1408:TNB Energy Services
940:. 31 October 1996.
905:www.bizjournals.com
811:. 6 November 2018.
481:. 1 December 1997.
191:(40%) and UK-based
20:
1902:Assembly Services
1473:Amir Hamzah Azizan
1292:lib.perdana.org.my
1265:on 7 February 1998
1168:. 2 January 2000.
1133:lib.perdana.org.my
1102:on 7 February 1998
1065:. 15 August 2018.
938:lib.perdana.org.my
710:. 24 August 2000.
672:lib.perdana.org.my
593:lib.perdana.org.my
520:lib.perdana.org.my
479:lib.perdana.org.my
436:lib.perdana.org.my
244:
230:
2114:Electric vehicles
2091:
2090:
1989:SKS Coachbuilders
1965:
1964:
1846:Sime Darby Motors
1689:Malaysian-foreign
1684:
1683:
1527:
1526:
1378:Sabah Electricity
1196:ww1.utusan.com.my
1033:www.malaymail.com
314:department chain
123:
122:
102:Electric vehicles
93:Azlan Robert (GM)
2121:
1897:UMW Toyota Motor
1699:
1604:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1515:
1514:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1294:. 10 July 1998.
1289:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
946:
935:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
876:. 30 June 2002.
866:
855:
854:
852:
850:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
801:
792:
791:
789:
787:
767:
758:
757:
755:
753:
733:
724:
723:
721:
719:
708:malaysiadata.com
700:
691:
690:
688:
686:
680:
669:
660:
645:
644:
642:
640:
621:
612:
611:
609:
607:
601:
590:
581:
570:
569:
567:
565:
559:blis.bernama.com
556:
548:
539:
538:
536:
534:
528:
517:
509:
498:
497:
495:
493:
487:
476:
468:
455:
454:
452:
450:
444:
433:
425:
408:
407:
405:
403:
396:blis.bernama.com
393:
386:
331:Mohamed Al-Fayed
146:Mahathir Mohamad
56:Mahathir Mohamad
47:
45:
40:
21:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2014:
1995:
1971:
1961:
1911:
1882:Tan Chong Motor
1742:Honda Malaysia
1714:Mazda Malaysia
1694:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1642:
1599:
1593:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1528:
1523:
1503:
1477:
1441:
1425:
1412:
1388:TNB Janamanjung
1366:
1349:
1347:Tenaga Nasional
1344:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1202:on 16 July 2017
1190:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
944:
933:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
868:
867:
858:
848:
846:
833:
832:
828:
818:
816:
803:
802:
795:
785:
783:
776:www.klik.com.my
769:
768:
761:
751:
749:
735:
734:
727:
717:
715:
702:
701:
694:
684:
682:
678:
667:
662:
661:
648:
638:
636:
623:
622:
615:
605:
603:
599:
588:
583:
582:
573:
563:
561:
550:
549:
542:
532:
530:
526:
515:
511:
510:
501:
491:
489:
485:
474:
470:
469:
458:
448:
446:
442:
431:
427:
426:
411:
401:
399:
388:
387:
378:
374:
347:
293:
237:
223:
142:
116:
114:Tenaga Nasional
92:
88:
58:
43:
41:
38:
12:
11:
5:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2003:
2001:
2000:Related topics
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1780:MBM Resources
1778:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1705:
1703:
1696:
1695:and assemblers
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
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44:November 1996
37:November 1996
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1853:Auto Bavaria
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1709:Berjaya Auto
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1498:
1393:TNB Research
1371:Subsidiaries
1354:Predecessors
1303:. Retrieved
1291:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:the original
1258:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1228:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:the original
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1100:the original
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628:
604:. Retrieved
595:(in Malay).
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562:. Retrieved
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531:. Retrieved
519:
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400:. Retrieved
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324:solar panels
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72:Headquarters
15:
1851:Sime Darby
1653:Demak Motor
1430:Sports club
1003:paultan.org
972:paultan.org
742:paultan.org
180:(1998) and
172:(1997) and
2098:Categories
2038:ASEAN NCAP
1799:Naza Group
1468:Azman Mohd
1458:Leo Moggie
1398:TNB Remaco
1259:tnb.com.my
1096:tnb.com.my
372:References
87:Key people
28:Automotive
1992:Truckquip
1986:SHL Coach
1970:Malaysian
1931:BG Motors
1804:Naza Kia
1598:Malaysian
1453:Ani Arope
1305:29 August
1269:29 August
1239:29 August
1206:27 August
1176:27 August
1146:27 August
1106:29 August
1073:29 August
1043:29 August
1013:29 August
982:29 August
951:29 August
915:27 August
884:27 August
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786:29 August
752:29 August
718:29 August
685:27 August
639:29 August
606:27 August
564:27 August
533:27 August
492:27 August
449:27 August
402:27 August
297:Eleksuria
285:Justogate
242:pictured)
238:(regular
228:pictured)
67:mid-2000s
2068:Petronas
2043:Puspakom
1518:Category
1424:(UNITEN)
1383:Integrax
1296:Archived
1233:Archived
1170:Archived
1137:Archived
1067:Archived
1037:Archived
1007:Archived
976:Archived
942:Archived
909:Archived
878:Archived
843:Archived
813:Archived
780:Archived
746:Archived
712:Archived
676:Archived
633:Archived
597:Archived
524:Archived
483:Archived
440:Archived
356:Microcar
345:See also
283:in the '
98:Products
80:Malaysia
24:Industry
1916:Defunct
1647:Defunct
1625:Perodua
1619:Modenas
316:Harrods
268:Persona
197:Kamkorp
182:TD Cars
166:Modenas
158:Perodua
140:History
64:Defunct
52:Founder
42: (
34:Founded
2009:(VCMM)
1927:(AMIM)
1904:(ASSB)
1889:(TCMA)
1869:(HSDM)
1861:(SDAC)
1812:Nasim
1744:(HMSB)
1716:(MMSB)
1702:Active
1663:Inokom
1638:TD2000
1632:Proton
1614:Bufori
1607:Active
1482:Others
302:UNITEN
224:(2011
178:Bufori
174:Inokom
150:Proton
128:(lit.
109:Parent
76:Kajang
1827:(NAM)
1814:(NSB)
1806:(NKM)
1793:(MMM)
1765:(VGM)
1757:(MBM)
1657:HICOM
1299:(PDF)
1288:(PDF)
1140:(PDF)
1129:(PDF)
945:(PDF)
934:(PDF)
679:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
600:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
527:(PDF)
516:(PDF)
486:(PDF)
475:(PDF)
443:(PDF)
432:(PDF)
272:Exora
248:80:20
170:Hicom
1670:Naza
1307:2020
1271:2020
1241:2020
1208:2020
1178:2020
1148:2020
1108:2020
1075:2020
1045:2020
1015:2020
984:2020
953:2020
917:2020
886:2020
851:2020
821:2020
788:2020
754:2020
720:2020
687:2020
641:2020
608:2020
566:2020
535:2020
494:2020
451:2020
404:2020
270:and
264:Saga
162:USPD
307:JPJ
2100::
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46:)
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