483:
Soon after, with the gang wars growing, he was on lookout for a one of Ming's gambling dens, when a crew pulled up and assassinated a Ping On kingpin standing next to him. When one of the gangsters pointed the gun at Willis and pulled the trigger, however, the gun jammed. Willis feared Ming might be
480:
One snowy night in
January 1991 after shooting pool at Boston Billiards, Willis went to return Ming's Mercedes when he got an ominous voicemail from a friend. "Don't go to Chinatown," his friend warned. Six members of a rival San Francisco Triad had been executed in town, after the Boston crew
178:
were behind a failed plot to murder Boston
Chinese underground leader Bike Ming. Chong, Chow and seventeen others were indicted on forty-eight counts of racketeering in 1993. Chong had already left for Hong Kong before his indictment, following an arrest in 1992 on unrelated gambling charges;
183:
in
October 1992, he was released two months later, with local authorities stating the 1993 indictment did not provide adequate evidence that Chong was the mastermind. The indictment was amended in 1995, and Chong was arrested in Hong Kong in 1998. After exhausting his appeals, Chong was
706:
Peter Chong appeals his conviction on extortion counts stemming from his involvement with the Wo Hop To gang in
Northern California. Chong also appeals the district court's evidentiary rulings. We affirm the district court on all
856:
231:
charge. He was thus sentenced to 11 and a half years on the remaining charges. In a separate memorandum, the 9th
Circuit upheld the extortion conviction and sufficiency of evidence presented during his trial.
159:. Witnesses testified that Chong declared he controlled Chinatown. A US Senate report in December 1992 stated "the Wo Hop To is now in control of virtually all Asian organized crime in the Bay Area."
484:
the next target, and he was right. As they were leaving a wedding one night, the police apprehended a sniper on the roof of a nearby building, taking aim at Ming, who escaped unharmed.
325:
162:
Chong sent an underling, Dai Kung Luu, to Boston to establish a foothold on the East Coast in 1991. This was a first step in an effort to form an umbrella organization called
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244:
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297:[San Francisco Chinatown boss sentenced to 11 and a half years for extortion; appeal court upholds Peter Chong's prison term].
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due to a lack of monetary payment to the killers, evidence of proof of involvement was taken to support additional prison time for the
526:
212:, and was sentenced to 15 years and eight months in prison. The prosecution was aided by the testimony of Chong's former lieutenant
633:"SAN FRANCISCO / Court tosses conviction of reputed Chinatown gang boss / Evidence too weak to support verdict of murder for hire"
566:
811:
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166:("Whole Earth Association") that would dominate crime in Chinatowns throughout the U.S. After the underling was killed in the
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heard they were making a move for local control. "It went into basically full battle mode," Willis recalls.
398:
831:
796:
605:
441:
801:
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171:
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775:
567:"S.F. man guilty of racketeering / Feds say Peter Chong sought to unify Chinese crime gangs"
152:
527:"Hong Kong OKs Extradition of Crime Ring Suspect / S.F. trail ahead for alleged mastermind"
592:"Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow Arrest In San Francisco Brings New Spotlight On Notorious Past"
220:
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74:
115:, aka "Uncle" Chong, born in 1943) is an organized crime figure previously convicted of
683:
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790:
148:
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228:
197:
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116:
70:
728:
416:"Accused Chinese Syncidate Boss Held / Hong Kong man may be flown here for trial"
766:
Toy, Calvin (December 1992). "A short history of Asian gangs in San
Francisco".
779:
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753:
205:
144:
136:
124:
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78:
55:
684:"United States v. Chong, Memorandum No. 03-10222, D.C. No. CR-92-00260-DJL"
689:. United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. 18 August 2005.
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company, but was accused in court documents of becoming the boss of the
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who has been described by prosecutors as the former leader of the
82:
147:(和合圖) crime syndicate in northern California, a gang involved in
857:
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
401: (U.S. Court of Appeals, 9th Cir. 18 August 2005).
606:"Court overturns gang boss' 'murder for hire' conviction"
774:(4). Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences: 647–665.
552:"Indictments aimed at denting Chinese mob in Boston"
442:"Probe Starts to Lift Veil on Asian Organized Crime"
66:
50:
42:
28:
21:
245:List of crime bosses convicted in the 21st century
497:"Crime syndicate leaders accused of racketeering"
235:Chong was released from prison on July 29, 2008.
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518:
409:
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268:"S.F. man gets 15 years in Chinese gangs case"
261:
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127:syndicate in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
8:
388:
386:
384:
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170:, prosecutors alleged that Chong along with
503:. San Francisco Chronicle. 13 October 1993
18:
872:Criminals from the San Francisco Bay Area
223:conviction was overturned in 2005 by the
847:Hong Kong emigrants to the United States
255:
867:People extradited to the United States
827:American gangsters of Chinese descent
696:from the original on 29 December 2005
440:Ostrow, Ronald J. (5 November 1991).
7:
565:Squatriglia, Chuck (27 April 2002).
466:Kushner, David (18 February 2015).
225:Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
196:In 2002, Chong was found guilty of
14:
324:Spicuzza, Mary (August 1, 2007).
192:Arrests, convictions, and appeals
862:People extradited from Hong Kong
852:American prisoners and detainees
837:People convicted of racketeering
762:episode focuses on these events.
719:Amoruso, David (18 April 2009).
807:20th-century American criminals
594:. CBS Bay Area. March 26, 2014.
525:Finz, Stacy (27 October 1999).
414:Wallace, Bill (29 April 2000).
266:Lee, Henry K. (19 April 2003).
139:in 1982, ostensibly to start a
659:"Racketeering sentence upheld"
631:Egelko, Bob (19 August 2005).
554:. Universal Hub. July 8, 2011.
355:Isaacs, Matt (June 14, 2000).
111:
102:
1:
301:. 7 July 2007. Archived from
294:三藩市華埠幫派老大敲詐勒索判囚11年半上訴庭維持莊炳強刑期
179:although he was arrested in
135:Chong came to the U.S. from
657:Egelko, Bob (7 July 2007).
32:1943 (age 80–81)
888:
780:10.1080/07418829200091591
468:"The White Devil Kingpin"
214:Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow
176:Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow
168:Boston Chinatown massacre
88:
62:
293:
812:American male criminals
663:San Francisco Chronicle
637:San Francisco Chronicle
571:San Francisco Chronicle
531:San Francisco Chronicle
420:San Francisco Chronicle
326:"Enter the Dragon Head"
272:San Francisco Chronicle
842:American extortionists
817:Hong Kong crime bosses
612:. AFP. August 21, 2005
394:United States v. Chong
822:American crime bosses
721:"Peter "Uncle" Chong"
399:419 F.3d 1076
188:to the U.S. in 2000.
155:from restaurants and
760:Gangland (TV series)
752:Gangland Episode 15
131:Criminal activities
336:on 17 January 2016
305:on 23 October 2008
16:Hong Kong mob boss
768:Justice Quarterly
446:Los Angeles Times
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727:. Archived from
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153:protection money
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112:Zhuāng Bǐngqiáng
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43:Other names
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757:History Channel
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470:. Rolling Stone
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367:on 3 March 2016
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221:murder for hire
202:murder-for-hire
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75:murder-for-hire
67:Criminal charge
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747:External links
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731:on 2 June 2009
725:Gangsters, Inc
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357:"Twice Burned"
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151:and extorting
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832:Triad members
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797:Living people
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157:gambling dens
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149:loan sharking
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141:Chinese opera
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46:"Uncle" Chong
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733:. Retrieved
729:the original
724:
714:
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698:. Retrieved
678:
666:. Retrieved
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640:. Retrieved
636:
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614:. Retrieved
610:Taipei Times
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574:. Retrieved
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505:. Retrieved
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472:. Retrieved
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449:. Retrieved
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423:. Retrieved
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369:. Retrieved
365:the original
360:
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338:. Retrieved
334:the original
329:
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307:. Retrieved
303:the original
298:
287:
275:. Retrieved
271:
234:
229:racketeering
218:
198:racketeering
195:
161:
134:
117:racketeering
110:
94:
93:
71:racketeering
802:1943 births
172:Wayne Kwong
164:Tien Ha Wui
95:Peter Chong
23:Peter Chong
791:Categories
299:Mingpao SF
251:References
186:extradited
51:Occupation
361:SF Weekly
330:SF Weekly
206:extortion
145:Wo Hop To
137:Hong Kong
125:Wo Hop To
121:extortion
79:extortion
58:syndicate
56:Wo Hop To
735:8 August
700:8 August
691:Archived
668:8 August
642:8 August
616:8 August
576:8 August
536:8 August
507:8 August
474:8 August
451:8 August
425:8 August
371:8 August
340:8 August
309:8 August
277:8 August
239:See also
707:issues.
99:Chinese
36:Vietnam
397:,
208:, and
109::
107:pinyin
101::
81:, and
694:(PDF)
687:(PDF)
210:arson
181:Macau
83:arson
737:2016
702:2016
670:2016
644:2016
618:2016
578:2016
538:2016
509:2016
476:2016
453:2016
427:2016
373:2016
342:2016
311:2016
279:2016
219:The
174:and
119:and
29:Born
776:doi
103:莊炳強
793::
770:.
755:-
723:.
704:.
661:.
635:.
608:.
569:.
529:.
517:^
499:.
478:.
444:.
418:.
406:^
381:^
359:.
328:.
270:.
258:^
216:.
204:,
200:,
105:;
77:,
73:,
782:.
778::
772:4
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580:.
540:.
511:.
455:.
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344:.
313:.
281:.
97:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.