378:, Van Inwagen argues that all material objects are either elementary particles or living organisms. Every composite material object is made up of elementary particles, and the only such composite objects are living organisms. A consequence of this view is that everyday objects such as tables, chairs, cars, buildings, and clouds do not exist. While there seem to be such things, this is only because there are elementary particles arranged in specific ways. For example, where it seems that there is a chair, Van Inwagen says that there are only
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313:) for this view is that "If determinism is true, then our acts are the consequences of the laws of nature and events in the remote past. But it is not up to us what went on before we were born, and neither is it up to us what the laws of nature are. Therefore, the consequences of those things (including our present acts) are not up to us."
1298:
370:
it was in at some earlier time and observing all the "replays." If the agent's actions are random, she sometimes "would have agent-caused the crucial brain event and sometimes (in seventy percent of the replays, let us say) she would not have... I conclude that even if an episode of agent causation
382:
These particles do not compose an object, any more than a swarm of bees composes an object. Like a swarm of bees, the particles we call a chair maintain a more or less stable arrangement for a while, which gives the impression of a single object. An individual bee, by contrast, has parts that are
409:. In his article "I Look for the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to Come", he concludes that Christians must account for some sort of physical continuity in their account of existence of the same person after death. In particular, Van Inwagen notes, this is a problem for the
334:
and by arguing that an act that occurs by chance, if an event that occurs by chance can be called an act, cannot be under the control of its alleged agent and hence cannot have been performed freely. Proponents of conclude, therefore, that free will is not only compatible with determinism but
361:
Van
Inwagen concludes that "Free Will Remains a Mystery." In an article written in the third person called "Van Inwagen on Free Will," he describes the problem with his incompatibilist free will if random
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is among the causal antecedents of every voluntary human action, these episodes do nothing to undermine the prima facie impossibility of an undetermined free act."
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1246:"Free Will Remains a Mystery: The Eighth Philosophical Perspectives Lecture Free Will Remains a Mystery: The Eighth Philosophical Perspectives Lecture"
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free will. If determinism is true, our actions are not free. If indeterminism is true, our actions are influenced by randomness and our
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Indeed, some philosophers suggest free will must be compatible with determinism, otherwise we could not be responsible for our actions.
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The Münster
Lectures in Philosophy, including a student colloquium at the University of Münster, November 2015
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The Wilde
Lectures on Natural Religion, eight lectures delivered at Oxford University in Trinity Term, 2000
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2011:
2001:
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472:
91:
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1986:
1921:
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1304:
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1204:
991:
923:
Hobart, R. E. (1934). "I. Free Will as
Involving Determination and Inconceivable Without It".
671:
653:
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613:
591:
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547:
523:
501:
351:
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The F.D. Maurice
Lectures, three lectures delivered at the University of London in March 1999
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van
Inwagen, Peter (2004). Campbell, Joseph Keim; O'Rourke, Michael; Shier, David (eds.).
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1941:
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331:
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159:
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The
Stewart Lectures: three lectures delivered at Princeton University, October 2002
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2019:
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Dame, Marketing
Communications: Web // University of Notre (April 26, 2005).
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is a philosophical argument and, like most philosophical arguments, fails.
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584:
The
Possibility of Resurrection and Other Essays in Christian Apologetics
480:
383:
unified in the right way to constitute a single object (namely, a bee).
4190:
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866:
1348:(2nd ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. pp. 619–621.
4037:
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2783:
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1380:
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1420:
346:
are the two horns in the classic dilemma and standard argument
3700:
2500:
1133:"Philosopher elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
413:, one who believes that human beings are physical substances.
211:
3385:
Concluding
Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
694:, Indiana, with his wife Elisabeth. Van Inwagen converted to
205:
606:
God, Knowledge and Mystery: Essays in Philosophical Theology
249:. Van Inwagen is one of the leading figures in contemporary
229:
and the John Cardinal O'Hara Professor of Philosophy at the
425:
in 2005, and was President of the Central Division of the
401:
In recent years, Van Inwagen has shown an interest in the
1377:, Oxford University Press, 2006. (Gifford Lectures 2002)
366:. He imagines the universe reverting a thousand times to
304:—the view that free will is compatible with determinism.
208:
193:
185:
3325:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
974:
Smart, J. J. C. (1961). "Free-Will, Praise and Blame".
562:
Ontology, Identity, and Modality: Essays in Metaphysics
471:
In May 2011 it was announced that he is to receive an
202:
196:
188:
5143:
Presidents of the American Philosophical Association
330:
argument proceeds by identifying indeterminism with
182:
5148:
Presidents of the Society of Christian Philosophers
4909:
4813:
4698:
4618:
4553:
4475:
4382:
4367:
4319:
4281:
3993:
3918:
3793:
3784:
3714:
3642:
3573:
3427:
3226:
2966:
2694:
2538:
2445:
2407:
2381:
2355:
2327:
2271:
2243:
2180:
2159:
2098:
2056:
2033:
2010:
1912:
1856:
1818:
1762:
1715:
1669:
1573:
1523:
1497:
1461:
1454:
876:. Society of Christian Philosophers. Archived from
233:. He is also a research professor of philosophy at
199:
141:
121:
109:
97:
87:
73:
48:
30:
23:
645:
765:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
460:The Jellema Lectures: two lectures delivered at
3551:
2516:
1432:
1042:"Chance NOT the Direct Cause of Human Action"
326:, where such arguments often appeared). "The
8:
1100:
1028:
1016:
898:
280:played an important role in rehabilitating
4379:
3790:
3648:
3558:
3544:
3536:
2523:
2509:
2501:
2030:
1815:
1712:
1458:
1439:
1425:
1417:
1112:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995
652:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1990.
316:Van Inwagen also added what he called the
20:
4957:Relationship between religion and science
1164:"St Andrews to honour David Attenborough"
789:"Faculty | Department of Philosophy"
670:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1983.
1200:A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will
429:in 2008/09. He was the President of the
380:elementary particles arranged chairwise.
769:from the original on September 21, 2018
763:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
749:
729:
3883:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
1082:from the original on November 22, 2017
757:Vihvelin, Kadri (September 18, 2017).
292:. In the book, he introduces the term
3355:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
1121:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006
630:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 2002.
436:He has delivered lectures including:
423:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
237:each spring. He previously taught at
7:
3455:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
3375:The World as Will and Representation
910:
405:debate, particularly in relation to
394:. There Van Inwagen argues that the
307:Van Inwagen's central argument (the
1402:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1229:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1174:from the original on April 13, 2020
1143:from the original on April 13, 2020
1052:from the original on April 20, 2020
5168:Writers about religion and science
5053:21st-century American philosophers
5048:21st-century American male writers
5033:20th-century American philosophers
5028:20th-century American male writers
453:, eight lectures delivered at the
427:American Philosophical Association
364:chance directly causes our actions
14:
5133:American philosophers of religion
5073:American male non-fiction writers
5038:20th-century American theologians
844:Holmes, Steve (August 18, 2014).
431:Society of Christian Philosophers
320:(after the philosophical journal
263:Society of Christian Philosophers
219:; born September 21, 1942) is an
5173:American people of Dutch descent
5158:University of Notre Dame faculty
5138:American philosophers of science
4992:
4991:
4981:
3518:
3508:
3507:
2484:
2475:
2474:
1072:"Exactly The Same Circumstances"
178:
56:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
18:American philosopher (born 1942)
5043:21st-century American essayists
5023:20th-century American essayists
3305:Meditations on First Philosophy
1369:at the University of Notre Dame
1275:. MIT Press. pp. 213–230.
759:"Arguments for Incompatibilism"
245:in 1969 under the direction of
140:
5163:University of Rochester alumni
1687:Analytic–synthetic distinction
1303:. Cambridge University Press.
1256:. Ridgeview Publishing Company
368:exactly the same circumstances
261:. He was the president of the
1:
5128:American philosophers of mind
5078:American philosophy academics
1389:(Brief professional overview)
874:"SCP Officers and Committees"
713:List of American philosophers
516:Existence: Essays in Ontology
5123:People from Granger, Indiana
4922:Desacralization of knowledge
3490:Philosophy of space and time
1162:Cook, Gayle (May 20, 2011).
819:faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk
390:; they are published in his
148:Special composition question
5153:Syracuse University faculty
4334:Best of all possible worlds
4291:Eschatological verification
3848:Fine-tuning of the universe
3365:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1297:van Inwagen, Peter (2017).
1244:van Inwagen, Peter (2000).
1225:van Inwagen, Peter (1983).
1203:. Oxford University Press.
241:, earning his PhD from the
5189:
1586:Causal theory of reference
1393:Argument Against Free Will
1346:A Companion to Metaphysics
1250:Philosophical Perspectives
1076:Informationphilosopher.com
566:Cambridge University Press
520:Cambridge University Press
498:Cambridge University Press
386:Van Inwagen gave the 2003
300:, to stand in contrast to
4977:
3651:
3503:
2470:
1365:October 17, 2013, at the
815:"Prof. Peter van Inwagen"
455:University of St. Andrews
167:
69:
4563:Friedrich Schleiermacher
4149:Theories about religions
3951:Inconsistent revelations
3480:Philosophy of psychology
3415:Simulacra and Simulation
1646:Scientific structuralism
1332:Zimmerman, Dean (2009).
1300:Thinking about Free Will
988:10.1093/mind/LXX.279.291
937:10.1093/mind/XLIII.169.1
610:Cornell University Press
494:Thinking about Free Will
477:University of St Andrews
407:resurrection of the body
231:University of Notre Dame
5113:American metaphysicians
5103:Duke University faculty
5068:American male essayists
3345:Critique of Pure Reason
1272:Freedom and Determinism
1046:Information Philosopher
544:Oxford University Press
243:University of Rochester
82:21st-century philosophy
61:University of Rochester
5098:Christian philosophers
5063:American Episcopalians
4427:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
3567:Philosophy of religion
2936:Type–token distinction
2764:Hypostatic abstraction
2546:Abstract object theory
1702:Reflective equilibrium
421:He was elected to the
335:entails determinism."
255:philosophy of religion
132:Philosophy of religion
5093:Anglican philosophers
5083:Analytic philosophers
4962:Faith and rationality
4917:Criticism of religion
4855:Robert Merrihew Adams
4845:Nicholas Wolterstorff
4048:Divine command theory
3525:Philosophy portal
3405:Being and Nothingness
2821:Mental representation
2373:Nicholas Wolterstorff
1828:David Malet Armstrong
1410:from the PBS program
1227:An Essay on Free Will
1197:Kane, Robert (2005).
718:Mereological nihilism
690:Van Inwagen lives in
668:An Essay on Free Will
411:Christian materialist
290:analytical philosophy
278:An Essay on Free Will
5088:Analytic theologians
4952:Religious philosophy
4432:Pico della Mirandola
4397:Anselm of Canterbury
4329:Augustinian theodicy
4241:Religious skepticism
3574:Concepts in religion
3450:Feminist metaphysics
850:The Gifford Lectures
340:Consequence Argument
310:consequence argument
296:about free will and
259:philosophy of action
156:Consequence argument
136:Philosophy of action
5118:Metaphysics writers
4937:History of religion
4638:Friedrich Nietzsche
4515:Gottfried W Leibniz
4510:Nicolas Malebranche
4442:King James VI and I
3722:Abrahamic religions
3295:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
2806:Linguistic modality
2195:Patricia Churchland
2126:Christine Korsgaard
2012:Logical positivists
1904:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1681:paradox of analysis
1448:Analytic philosophy
1374:The Problem of Evil
846:"Peter van Inwagen"
708:American philosophy
539:The Problem of Evil
433:from 2010 to 2013.
392:The Problem of Evil
356:morally responsible
273:Van Inwagen's 1983
265:from 2010 to 2013.
239:Syracuse University
104:Analytic philosophy
4947:Religious language
4927:Ethics in religion
4885:William Lane Craig
4760:Charles Hartshorne
4500:Desiderius Erasmus
4402:Augustine of Hippo
4344:Inconsistent triad
4306:Apophatic theology
4301:Logical positivism
4283:Religious language
3903:Watchmaker analogy
3868:Necessary existent
3644:Conceptions of God
3604:Intelligent design
3485:Philosophy of self
3475:Philosophy of mind
2739:Embodied cognition
2651:Scientific realism
2368:William Lane Craig
2086:Friedrich Waismann
2043:Carl Gustav Hempel
2002:Timothy Williamson
1962:Alasdair MacIntyre
1820:Australian realism
1800:Russ Shafer-Landau
1661:Analytical Thomism
1616:Logical positivism
825:on October 3, 2015
473:honorary doctorate
92:Western philosophy
41:September 21, 1942
5005:
5004:
4905:
4904:
4865:Peter van Inwagen
4850:Richard Swinburne
4795:George I Mavrodes
4655:Vladimir Solovyov
4595:Søren Kierkegaard
4520:William Wollaston
4467:William of Ockham
4447:Marcion of Sinope
4349:Irenaean theodicy
4339:Euthyphro dilemma
4266:Transcendentalism
4095:Womanist theology
4085:Feminist theology
3989:
3988:
3780:
3779:
3666:Divine simplicity
3586:Euthyphro dilemma
3533:
3532:
2712:Category of being
2681:Truthmaker theory
2498:
2497:
2466:
2465:
2182:Pittsburgh School
2172:Peter van Inwagen
2106:Roderick Chisholm
2094:
2093:
1987:Richard Swinburne
1922:G. E. M. Anscombe
1758:
1757:
1656:Analytic theology
1631:Ordinary language
1569:
1568:
1338:Rosenkrantz, Gary
1310:978-1-107-16650-9
1282:978-0-262-53257-0
1236:978-0-19-824924-5
1210:978-0-19-514970-8
880:on August 2, 2012
677:978-0-19-824924-5
659:978-0-8014-8306-6
637:978-0-8133-9055-0
619:978-0-8014-8186-4
597:978-0-8133-2731-0
575:978-0-521-79164-9
553:978-0-19-924560-4
529:978-1-107-62526-6
507:978-1-107-16650-9
417:Awards and honors
174:Peter van Inwagen
171:
170:
25:Peter van Inwagen
5180:
5058:Action theorists
4995:
4994:
4985:
4890:Ali Akbar Rashad
4753:Reinhold Niebuhr
4713:Bertrand Russell
4708:George Santayana
4605:Albrecht Ritschl
4590:Ludwig Feuerbach
4380:
4376:(by date active)
4236:Process theology
3981:Russell's teapot
3791:
3786:Existence of God
3696:Process theology
3649:
3634:Theological veto
3597:religious belief
3560:
3553:
3546:
3537:
3523:
3522:
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3300:
3290:
3280:
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3260:
3250:
3240:
2916:Substantial form
2728:Cogito, ergo sum
2671:Substance theory
2525:
2518:
2511:
2502:
2488:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2417:Nancy Cartwright
2258:Nicholas Rescher
2235:Bas van Fraassen
2225:Nicholas Rescher
2048:Hans Reichenbach
2031:
1997:Bernard Williams
1894:Bertrand Russell
1816:
1750:Rigid designator
1713:
1459:
1455:Related articles
1441:
1434:
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1101:van Inwagen 2017
1098:
1092:
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1087:
1068:
1062:
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1059:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1029:van Inwagen 2004
1026:
1020:
1017:van Inwagen 2000
1014:
1008:
1007:
982:(279): 291–306.
971:
965:
959:
953:
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941:
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914:
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902:
899:van Inwagen 1983
896:
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870:
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835:
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832:
830:
821:. Archived from
811:
805:
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795:on March 5, 2015
791:. Archived from
785:
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754:
737:
734:
681:
663:
651:
641:
623:
601:
579:
557:
533:
511:
451:Gifford Lectures
388:Gifford Lectures
284:with respect to
218:
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214:
213:
210:
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201:
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195:
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111:Doctoral advisor
44:
40:
38:
21:
5188:
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5183:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4973:
4901:
4897:Alexander Pruss
4880:Jean-Luc Marion
4835:Alvin Plantinga
4830:Dewi Z Phillips
4817:
4815:
4809:
4780:Walter Kaufmann
4770:Frithjof Schuon
4743:Rudolf Bultmann
4700:
4694:
4690:Joseph Maréchal
4680:Pavel Florensky
4675:Sergei Bulgakov
4660:Ernst Troeltsch
4643:Harald Høffding
4620:
4614:
4585:William Whewell
4573:Georg W F Hegel
4568:Karl C F Krause
4555:
4549:
4545:Johann G Herder
4535:Baron d'Holbach
4485:Augustin Calmet
4471:
4387:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4363:
4321:Problem of evil
4315:
4311:Verificationism
4277:
3985:
3931:Atheist's Wager
3914:
3776:
3710:
3638:
3614:Problem of evil
3569:
3564:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3499:
3423:
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3408:
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3388:
3378:
3368:
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3328:
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3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3265:De rerum natura
3258:
3248:
3238:
3222:
2962:
2866:Physical object
2702:Abstract object
2690:
2676:Theory of forms
2611:Meaning of life
2534:
2529:
2499:
2494:
2485:
2462:
2453:Jan Łukasiewicz
2441:
2409:Stanford School
2403:
2389:Paul Feyerabend
2377:
2363:Alvin Plantinga
2351:
2337:James F. Conant
2323:
2267:
2239:
2230:Wilfrid Sellars
2220:Alexander Pruss
2200:Paul Churchland
2176:
2155:
2111:Donald Davidson
2090:
2052:
2029:
2006:
1932:Michael Dummett
1908:
1899:Frank P. Ramsey
1852:
1814:
1790:Jaakko Hintikka
1775:Keith Donnellan
1754:
1711:
1665:
1626:Neurophilosophy
1611:Logical atomism
1565:
1519:
1493:
1450:
1445:
1412:Closer to Truth
1367:Wayback Machine
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1137:Notre Dame News
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648:Material Beings
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586:. Boulder, CO:
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396:problem of evil
376:Material Beings
294:incompatibilism
271:
235:Duke University
192:
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162:
158:
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152:Incompatibilism
150:
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49:Alma mater
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4919:
4913:
4911:
4910:Related topics
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Daniel Dennett
4867:
4862:
4860:Ravi Zacharias
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4825:William L Rowe
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4800:William Alston
4797:
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4748:Gabriel Marcel
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4685:Ernst Cassirer
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4580:Thomas Carlyle
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4505:Baruch Spinoza
4502:
4497:
4492:
4490:René Descartes
4487:
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4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4462:Thomas Aquinas
4459:
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4231:Possibilianism
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4208:
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4198:
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4107:Fundamentalism
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4068:Existentialism
4065:
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4045:
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4030:
4025:
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4015:
4010:
4005:
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3997:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:Noncognitivism
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3910:Transcendental
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Pascal's wager
3875:
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3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3828:
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3808:
3806:Christological
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3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3428:Related topics
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3395:Being and Time
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
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3321:
3311:
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3291:
3281:
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3251:
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3078:
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3018:
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2972:
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2968:Metaphysicians
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2798:
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2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2724:
2722:Causal closure
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
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2648:
2643:
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2613:
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2596:Libertarianism
2593:
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2581:Existentialism
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
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2449:
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2443:
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2440:
2439:
2437:Patrick Suppes
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
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2319:Michael Walzer
2316:
2311:
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2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
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2269:
2268:
2266:
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2255:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:Adolf Grünbaum
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:Robert Brandom
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
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2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2146:W. V. O. Quine
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Nelson Goodman
2118:
2116:Daniel Dennett
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
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2081:Moritz Schlick
2078:
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2054:
2053:
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2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Charles Taylor
1989:
1984:
1982:P. F. Strawson
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
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1879:Norman Malcolm
1876:
1871:
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1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1848:J. J. C. Smart
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:David Chalmers
1830:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:Giuseppe Peano
1792:
1787:
1785:Edmund Gettier
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1740:Possible world
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Counterfactual
1689:
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1666:
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1583:
1577:
1575:
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1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:Paraconsistent
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
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1518:
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1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
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1471:
1465:
1463:
1462:Areas of focus
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1405:
1400:(Entry in the
1395:
1390:
1384:
1383:by van Inwagen
1378:
1370:
1355:
1354:External links
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462:Calvin College
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288:in mainstream
282:libertarianism
270:
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247:Richard Taylor
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168:
165:
164:
145:
142:
139:
138:
125:
123:Main interests
122:
119:
118:
116:Richard Taylor
113:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
75:
71:
70:
67:
66:
64:
63:
58:
52:
50:
46:
45:
32:
28:
27:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5185:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Living people
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
4998:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Anthony Kenny
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Mircea Eliade
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:William James
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:Ernst Haeckel
4626:
4625:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:Immanuel Kant
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:Blaise Pascal
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4373:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Language game
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Occam's razor
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Consciousness
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3706:Unmoved mover
3704:
3702:
3701:Supreme Being
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3470:Phenomenology
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:Notable works
3225:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Phenomenalism
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Action theory
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2491:
2483:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2459:
2458:Alfred Tarski
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Peter Galison
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Nathan Salmon
2312:
2310:
2309:Richard Rorty
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Alonzo Church
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Ruth Millikan
2213:
2211:
2210:John McDowell
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Hilary Putnam
2139:
2137:
2136:Robert Nozick
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Rudolf Carnap
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2058:Vienna Circle
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2035:Berlin Circle
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Philippa Foot
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Graham Priest
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Charlie Broad
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Gottlob Frege
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1707:Supervenience
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Functionalism
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Descriptivism
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Philosophical
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Non-classical
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:"Metaphysics"
1396:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:Official Page
1358:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1031:, Chapter 10.
1030:
1025:
1022:
1019:, p. 14.
1018:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
970:
967:
963:
958:
955:
951:
946:
943:
938:
934:
931:(169): 1–27.
930:
926:
919:
916:
913:, p. 23.
912:
907:
904:
900:
895:
892:
879:
875:
869:
867:
863:
851:
847:
840:
837:
824:
820:
816:
810:
807:
794:
790:
784:
781:
768:
764:
760:
753:
750:
743:
733:
730:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
699:
697:
693:
686:Personal life
685:
679:
673:
669:
665:
661:
655:
650:
649:
643:
639:
633:
629:
625:
621:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
589:
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581:
577:
571:
567:
564:. Cambridge:
563:
559:
555:
549:
545:
541:
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531:
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521:
518:. Cambridge:
517:
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509:
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496:. Cambridge:
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349:
345:
344:Mind Argument
341:
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318:Mind Argument
314:
312:
311:
305:
303:
302:compatibilism
299:
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163:Mind argument
161:
160:Meta-ontology
157:
153:
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146:
143:Notable ideas
137:
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62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
51:
47:
43:(age 81)
33:
29:
22:
16:
4966:
4864:
4785:Martin Lings
4738:Emil Brunner
4728:Paul Tillich
4718:Martin Buber
4633:W K Clifford
4610:Afrikan Spir
4525:Thomas Chubb
4477:Early modern
4457:Adi Shankara
4370:Philosophers
4354:Natural evil
4270:
4246:Spiritualism
4221:Perennialism
4174:Metaphysical
4018:Antireligion
3893:Teleological
3816:Cosmological
3767:Baháʼí Faith
3732:Christianity
3691:Personal god
3445:Epistemology
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3255:Nyāya Sūtras
3253:
3243:
3233:
3215:
3131:Wittgenstein
3076:Schopenhauer
2955:
2946:Unobservable
2796:Intelligence
2726:
2666:Subjectivism
2661:Spiritualism
2576:Essentialism
2556:Anti-realism
2347:Cora Diamond
2263:Morton White
2171:
2131:Thomas Nagel
2076:Otto Neurath
2025:Ernest Nagel
1972:Gilbert Ryle
1967:Derek Parfit
1927:J. L. Austin
1874:Casimir Lewy
1843:Peter Singer
1838:J. L. Mackie
1810:Barry Stroud
1770:Noam Chomsky
1763:Philosophers
1697:Natural kind
1581:Anti-realism
1541:Mathematical
1515:Performative
1474:Epistemology
1373:
1345:
1342:Kim, Jaegwon
1334:Sosa, Ernest
1314:. Retrieved
1299:
1286:. Retrieved
1271:
1258:. Retrieved
1253:
1249:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1199:
1176:. Retrieved
1167:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1136:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1096:
1086:November 17,
1084:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1024:
1012:
979:
975:
969:
961:
957:
949:
945:
928:
924:
918:
906:
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
855:November 17,
853:. Retrieved
849:
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
818:
809:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
783:
771:. Retrieved
762:
752:
732:
696:Christianity
689:
667:
647:
627:
605:
583:
561:
538:
515:
493:
470:
464:, March 2004
435:
420:
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385:
379:
375:
374:In his book
373:
367:
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360:
347:
343:
339:
337:
327:
321:
317:
315:
308:
306:
277:
272:
173:
172:
15:
5018:1942 births
4805:Antony Flew
4790:Peter Geach
4723:René Guénon
4670:Lev Shestov
4665:Rudolf Otto
4372:of religion
4211:Panentheism
4144:Inclusivism
4063:Exclusivism
4058:Esotericism
4028:Creationism
4008:Agnosticism
3976:Poor design
3971:Omnipotence
3898:Natural law
3873:Ontological
3826:Contingency
3676:Holy Spirit
3275:Metaphysics
3259:(c. 200 BC)
3249:(c. 350 BC)
3239:(c. 350 BC)
3126:Collingwood
3031:Malebranche
2779:Information
2707:Anima mundi
2686:Type theory
2641:Physicalism
2606:Materialism
2561:Determinism
2532:Metaphysics
2446:Lwow-Warsaw
2432:Ian Hacking
2399:Karl Popper
2394:Thomas Kuhn
2342:Alice Crary
2304:Saul Kripke
2299:Jaegwon Kim
2294:David Lewis
2284:Jerry Fodor
2253:Susan Haack
2167:Robert Audi
1977:John Searle
1947:Peter Geach
1937:Antony Flew
1884:G. E. Moore
1805:Ernest Sosa
1735:Possibility
1484:Mathematics
1469:Metaphysics
1387:Van Inwagen
1191:Works cited
628:Metaphysics
298:determinism
251:metaphysics
227:philosopher
128:Metaphysics
5012:Categories
4775:J L Mackie
4733:Karl Barth
4530:David Hume
4452:Maimonides
4437:Heraclitus
4226:Polytheism
4196:Nondualism
4184:Humanistic
4169:Naturalism
4159:Monotheism
4117:Henotheism
4112:Gnosticism
4043:Demonology
3926:747 gambit
3843:Experience
3681:Misotheism
3335:Monadology
3269:(c. 80 BC)
2976:Parmenides
2861:Perception
2759:Experience
2646:Relativism
2621:Naturalism
2571:Enactivism
2422:John Dupré
2289:Kurt Gödel
2245:Pragmatism
2160:Notre Dame
2151:John Rawls
2020:A. J. Ayer
1957:R. M. Hare
1952:Paul Grice
1864:Arif Ahmed
1651:Sense data
1636:Pragmatism
1510:Linguistic
1408:Interviews
1168:St Andrews
884:October 3,
829:October 3,
744:References
608:. Ithaca:
542:. Oxford:
457:, May 2003
358:for them.
354:cannot be
37:1942-09-21
4875:Loyal Rue
4600:Karl Marx
4422:Gaudapada
4251:Shamanism
4216:Pantheism
4201:Nontheism
4179:Religious
4164:Mysticism
4137:Christian
4127:Religious
4078:Atheistic
4073:Christian
3956:Nonbelief
3941:Free will
3757:Mormonism
3581:Afterlife
3495:Teleology
3460:Mereology
3440:Cosmology
3299:(c. 1000)
3196:Plantinga
3186:Armstrong
3136:Heidegger
3111:Whitehead
3096:Nietzsche
3016:Descartes
2986:Aristotle
2941:Universal
2871:Principle
2841:Necessity
2801:Intention
2754:Existence
2717:Causality
2656:Solipsism
2586:Free will
2272:Princeton
2071:Hans Hahn
1857:Cambridge
1730:Necessity
1725:Actualism
1596:Emotivism
1561:Predicate
1531:Classical
1316:April 13,
1288:April 13,
1260:April 13,
1216:April 13,
1178:April 13,
1147:April 13,
1056:April 13,
996:0026-4423
911:Kane 2005
773:April 13,
698:in 1980.
475:from the
403:afterlife
286:free will
275:monograph
4997:Category
4942:Religion
4932:Exegesis
4417:Boethius
4412:Averroes
4407:Avicenna
4389:medieval
4359:Theodicy
4206:Pandeism
4122:Humanism
4090:Thealogy
4033:Dharmism
4003:Acosmism
3995:Theology
3863:Morality
3858:Miracles
3737:Hinduism
3727:Buddhism
3686:Pandeism
3661:Demiurge
3629:Theodicy
3513:Category
3435:Axiology
3289:(c. 270)
3217:more ...
3171:Anscombe
3166:Strawson
3161:Davidson
3056:Berkeley
2996:Plotinus
2957:more ...
2896:Relation
2876:Property
2851:Ontology
2774:Identity
2695:Concepts
2626:Nihilism
2591:Idealism
2539:Theories
2480:Category
2356:Reformed
2329:Quietism
1717:Modality
1677:Analysis
1670:Concepts
1641:Quietism
1601:Feminism
1574:Theories
1479:Language
1363:Archived
1344:(eds.).
1172:Archived
1141:Archived
1080:Archived
1050:Archived
767:Archived
702:See also
612:. 1995.
590:. 1998.
568:. 2002.
546:. 2006.
522:. 2014.
500:. 2017.
481:Scotland
342:and the
224:analytic
221:American
4968:more...
4701:postwar
4384:Ancient
4272:more...
4191:New Age
4132:Secular
4102:Fideism
4053:Dualism
4023:Atheism
4013:Animism
3919:Against
3762:Sikhism
3752:Judaism
3747:Jainism
3656:Brahman
3609:Miracle
3285:Enneads
3279:(c. 50)
3245:Timaeus
3235:Sophist
3181:Dummett
3176:Deleuze
3116:Russell
3106:Bergson
3101:Meinong
3081:Bolzano
3041:Leibniz
3021:Spinoza
3006:Aquinas
2991:Proclus
2921:Thought
2911:Subject
2891:Reality
2886:Quality
2856:Pattern
2816:Meaning
2791:Insight
2749:Essence
2734:Concept
2636:Realism
2601:Liberty
2566:Dualism
2382:Science
2099:Harvard
1745:Realism
1621:Marxism
1536:Deviant
1505:Aretaic
1489:Science
1326:Sources
1004:2251619
799:July 2,
692:Granger
348:against
4987:Portal
4261:Theism
4154:Monism
3888:Reason
3838:Desire
3833:Degree
3801:Beauty
3715:God in
3671:Egoism
3624:Spirit
3419:(1981)
3409:(1943)
3399:(1927)
3389:(1846)
3379:(1818)
3369:(1807)
3359:(1783)
3349:(1781)
3339:(1714)
3329:(1710)
3319:(1677)
3315:Ethics
3309:(1641)
3211:Parfit
3201:Kripke
3191:Putnam
3151:Sartre
3141:Carnap
3091:Peirce
3036:Newton
3011:Suárez
3001:Scotus
2881:Qualia
2846:Object
2836:Nature
2831:Motion
2811:Matter
2744:Entity
2616:Monism
1914:Oxford
1381:Papers
1307:
1279:
1233:
1207:
1002:
994:
674:
656:
634:
616:
594:
572:
550:
526:
504:
332:chance
269:Career
257:, and
99:School
88:Region
4256:Taoic
4038:Deism
3821:Kalam
3772:Wicca
3742:Islam
3591:Faith
3465:Meta-
3206:Lewis
3156:Quine
3121:Moore
3086:Lotze
3071:Hegel
3046:Wolff
3026:Locke
2981:Plato
2951:Value
2931:Truth
2490:Index
1524:Logic
1498:Turns
1000:JSTOR
962:Essay
950:Essay
929:XLIII
724:Notes
487:Books
78:20th-
4818:2010
4816:1990
4814:1970
4699:1920
4621:1900
4619:1880
4556:1850
4554:1800
3946:Hell
3936:Evil
3853:Love
3619:Soul
3146:Ryle
3066:Kant
3061:Hume
3051:Reid
2926:Time
2906:Soul
2901:Self
2826:Mind
2784:Data
2769:Idea
1318:2020
1305:ISBN
1290:2020
1277:ISBN
1262:2020
1231:ISBN
1218:2020
1205:ISBN
1180:2020
1149:2020
1088:2017
1058:2020
992:ISSN
976:Mind
964:, 16
925:Mind
886:2015
857:2017
831:2015
801:2015
775:2020
672:ISBN
654:ISBN
632:ISBN
614:ISBN
592:ISBN
570:ISBN
548:ISBN
524:ISBN
502:ISBN
449:The
352:will
338:The
328:Mind
323:Mind
31:Born
4386:and
3794:For
3595:or
984:doi
952:, v
933:doi
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