28:
220:, where he continued his propaganda work, which resulted in his being ordered to the disciplinary barracks on numerous occasions. After his return to Bazargic in 1930, he carried on with his political activity, a member of county committee of the Union of Communist Youth and an editor of the local Dobrujan newspaper
340:, and expelled from that country following several weeks in prison. Shortly after returning to Romania, the PCdR opted to disband the Communist Youth, with scores of its members having been exposed and arrested. Gheorghe wrote a letter to the leadership of the party, whereby he voiced his displeasure.
236:, Communist Youth activists staged protests across the country. Gheorghe was one of the protest leaders in Bazargic, and found himself detained by police. After four days in custody, he appeared before the Caliacra Tribunal, and was cleared of all charges. Later that year, Gheorghe crossed into the
194:. His parents enrolled him in the local high school, however, lacking financial means, Petre had to renounce his studies. He was hired as a carpenter apprentice, but gave up following the death of his father, and began work at a local construction company.
413:. According to an eyewitness, Gheorghe and Atanasoff were laid in coffins prepared beforehand, and buried under headstones which carried the text: "Executed as communists fighting against our fatherland in the interest of Bolshevism".
343:
Returning to
Bazargic, he attempted to mobilize the workers to start striking actions. He was again conscripted and spent the year 1939 in a military unit in Galați, but returned in 1940 to lead the PCdR regional committee in Dobruja.
269:, the secret police, which proceeded to arrest Petre Gheorghe and his colleague, a Bogdan Vasilef Pavloff. Gheorghe refused to collaborate with the authorities. He was convicted to 15 days in jail for spreading communist propaganda.
408:
Gheorghe was scheduled to be executed on
February 8, 1943. As the minutes of his execution show, he yelled "Down with war", "Long live Free Romania" and obscene words addressed to the Germans. He was then blindfolded and shot by an
315:
He then settled in
Bucharest, where he was named Secretary of the Central Committee of the Union of Communist Youth. For the next two years, Gheorghe was able to evade Siguranța and create anti-fascist committees in
398:—as had been requested by the military prosecutor, Major P. Pârvănescu. The accused were then held at the Ploiești Penitentiary. Their appeals for clemency were denied, as was a request for pardon that they sent to
130:
Of lowly origins, the largely self-educated
Gheorghe spent the 1930s as a political agitator and organizer of social protest movements, for which he served several terms in prison. After 1940, with most of the
201:. In 1925, at the age of 18, he contacted the youth movement of the then-illegal Communist Party (PCdR), and organized several Marxist circles for "the education of youth". In 1927, he also joined the
240:
as a delegate to the 5th
Congress of the PCdR in Moscow. There, he spoke about Dobruja's oppressed peasantry, also informing the party about the fraud and political repression during the
353:
356:, Romania's secret services embarked on a full-scale repression of communists activists and sympathizers. Many of them were arrested and sent to prison camps such as the one in
139:
party cell. He took part in the political infighting that split the party, and also involved himself in the anti-fascist resistance before being arrested, tried, and executed.
851:
856:
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841:
391:, presided upon by Lieutenant-Colonel Cristea Manea. According to a 1957 biography, the trial took only 5 minutes and the accused were denied legal counsel.
202:
179:), was a blacksmith and his mother, Ivanova Kaluda, was a homemaker. Petre had two other brothers, Sebe Ivanof and Ion, as well as a sister, Ivanka.
821:
424:. He also staged a party coup, kidnapping Foriș and other members of the 1940 Secretariat. At the party trial that followed this event, Foriș and
741:
383:
ally. As with many other military trials of the period, his took one day, that of August 6, 1942. The trial, reportedly masterminded by the
846:
816:
312:
fine (later commuted to a 10-day prison sentence). He was freed on April 24, 1935, after having served his time in
Caliacra Penitentiary.
146:, the dominant "prison faction" cited Gheorghe's case as evidence of betrayal by the Bucharest party cell. The deposed General Secretary,
811:
767:
190:. After graduating four primary classes in a private Bulgarian school in his hometown, at the age of 10, Petre started to work as a
801:
241:
435:, together with the remains of other "revolutionary fighters". The necropolis was disbanded in 1991, some months after the
395:
329:
27:
831:
806:
417:
368:
sponsors. Still working underground as a secretary of the
Bucharest party bureau, Gheorghe sided with Gheorghiu-Dej and
436:
723:
394:
Petre
Gheorghe and Nicolae Atanasoff were found guilty of "crime against the state's security", being sentenced to
281:
172:
292:, collecting money and aid for the striking workers. He was again arrested on the night of October 4/5, 1933 in
210:
132:
120:
751:
421:
361:
119:
resistance member, executed by
Romania for espionage and treason. Having risen through the ranks of the
791:
786:
718:
Burcea, Mihai (2014). "Judecarea comuniștilor în timpul războiului. Procesul lui Petre
Gheorghe". In
402:
276:, Gheorghe moved back to Iași, tasked with putting out an illegal printing press and the newspaper
265:("The Young Leninist"), storing them in three suitcases. The whole operation was being followed by
376:. The two sides of this internecine conflict accused each other of being spies for the Siguranța.
369:
373:
147:
763:
737:
183:
143:
719:
233:
191:
168:
52:
410:
399:
206:
123:, he was the leader of the strongest communist resistance group during the first part of
357:
333:
293:
780:
425:
305:
216:
Conscripted in 1929, Gheorghe served his military stage at the Railroads Regiment in
725:
Comuniștii înainte de comunism: procese și condamnări ale ilegaliștilor din România
380:
309:
237:
124:
116:
273:
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205:(DRO), a Bulgarian insurgent group, and two years later he became a member of its
135:
leadership either jailed or exiled, Gheorghe emerged as a prominent figure in the
730:
Communists before communism: trials and convictions of the illegalists in Romania
388:
257:
379:
Gheorghe was himself arrested by 1942, after Romania entered World War II as a
432:
317:
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and convicted to 3 months in prison, 5 years loss of civil rights, and a 500-
142:
Following the end of World War II, with the emergence and consolidation of a
365:
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197:
Gheorghe learned about communism by reading, as a teenager, the classics of
136:
337:
289:
301:
285:
108:
384:
217:
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164:
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48:
150:, was kidnapped and investigated for his alleged role in this affair.
736:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Universității București.
360:. This consolidated a "prison faction" of the party, under
431:
Gheorghe's remains were moved in 1967 in the mausoleum in
420:, Gheorghiu-Dej reemerged from prison to assist in the
171:, to a poor family of Bulgarian peasants who practiced
416:By summer 1944, with Romania losing the war on the
284:, Gheorghe coordinated solidarity protests in both
76:
60:
34:
18:
209:committee. A year later, he was enrolled into the
364:, but cut the party loose from its contacts with
186:, Dobrich became part of Romania and renamed to
272:After he was released from the penitentiary in
439:. The whereabouts of his remains is unknown.
372:, maneuvering against the General Secretary,
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428:were charged with having betrayed Gheorghe.
255:brochures and illegal newspapers, including
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328:factories. As the Romanian delegate to the
852:People executed by Romania by firing squad
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26:
15:
857:People executed by the Kingdom of Romania
332:Congress in 1936, he was arrested in the
827:Romanian World War II resistance members
447:
300:, charged with having spread communist
7:
837:Romanian people of Bulgarian descent
797:Romanian Communist Party politicians
354:cession of Bessarabia to the Soviets
175:. His father, Ivan Georgiev (later:
387:, was held at the court-martial of
232:On August 1, 1931, prompted by the
203:Dobrujan Revolutionary Organization
159:Early life and political beginnings
437:Romanian anti-communist revolution
103:19, 1907 – February
14:
842:People detained by the Siguranța
320:'s CFR Workshops, as well as in
247:In April 1932, the PCdR cell in
163:Petre Ion Gheorghe was born in
822:Romanian Land Forces personnel
1:
330:Young Communist International
280:("Young Worker"). During the
251:provided the Dobruja chapter
847:People executed for treason
817:Romanian newspaper founders
756:Stalinism pentru eternitate
873:
812:Romanian newspaper editors
760:Stalinism for All Seasons
25:
228:Communist Youth militant
211:Union of Communist Youth
133:Romanian Communist Party
121:Union of Communist Youth
802:Romanian propagandists
762:]. Iași: Polirom.
624:Tismăneanu, p.119, 322
615:Tismăneanu, p.105, 119
454:Burcea, p.309, 319-320
362:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
282:Grivița Strike of 1933
93:Petre Ivan Gheorghieff
80:Petre Ivan Gheorghieff
234:world economic crisis
224:("Young Bolshevik").
752:Tismăneanu, Vladimir
832:People from Dobrich
807:Marxist journalists
348:Trial and execution
182:Following the 1913
173:Bulgarian Orthodoxy
396:capital punishment
242:previous elections
89:Petre Ion Gheorghe
20:Petre Ion Gheorghe
743:978-606-16-0520-0
720:Cioroianu, Adrian
675:Burcea, p.372-373
648:Tismăneanu, p.322
532:Burcea, p.316-317
422:anti-fascist coup
184:Second Balkan War
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222:Tânărul Bolşevic
192:newspaper hawker
169:Southern Dobruja
144:communist regime
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82:Petre Gheorghiev
77:Other names
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64:February 8, 1943
53:Southern Dobruja
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238:Soviet Union
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148:Ștefan Foriș
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127:in Romania.
125:World War II
117:anti-fascist
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66:(1943-02-08)
792:1943 deaths
787:1907 births
781:Categories
712:References
433:Carol Park
352:After the
298:Bessarabia
253:subversive
177:Gheorghiev
97:Gheorghiev
55:, Bulgaria
41:1907-03-19
403:Michael I
366:Comintern
304:. He was
274:Constanța
267:Siguranța
249:Bucharest
154:Biography
137:Bucharest
109:Bulgarian
754:(2005).
389:Ploiești
336:city of
326:Lemaître
302:agitprop
294:Chișinău
258:Scânteia
188:Bazargic
113:Romanian
722:(ed.).
385:Gestapo
318:Grivița
199:Marxism
165:Dobrich
99:; March
71:Romania
49:Dobrich
766:
740:
732:]
338:Košice
290:Buhuși
111:-born
105:
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758:[
734:(PDF)
728:[
443:Notes
322:Voina
286:Bacău
764:ISBN
738:ISBN
400:King
381:Nazi
288:and
261:and
218:Iași
61:Died
35:Born
324:şi
310:lei
95:or
783::
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43:)
39:(
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