2187:, which had been in the Arctic since the beginning of the war. Meretskov was provided with several units specially configured to meet the requirements for operations in the far north. The 126th and 127th Rifle Corps consisted of light infantry with a number of ski troops and naval infantry. The Soviets also had 30 engineer battalions, numerous horse- and reindeer-equipped transportation companies, and two battalions equipped with US-supplied amphibious vehicles for river crossings. In addition, the Soviets massed thousands of mortars and artillery pieces, 750 aircraft, and 110 tanks (while the Germans lacked any armour), making Soviet forces far superior to the Germans.
210:
198:
147:
2226:. Blowing up the bridges behind them, the Germans retreated. The Soviets pursued, and over the following days conducted several amphibious landings to cut off the German forces. On 10 October the Germans shifted the 163rd Division, which was already withdrawing from Finland to Norway, to the Petsamo region to bolster their defenses. On 13 October the Soviets were poised to attack German forces around the town of Petsamo, and units of the 126th light Rifle Corps were able to establish a roadblock on the only escape route; however, troops of the German
223:
162:
2028:
2250:
clear defeat on the withdrawing
Germans was largely due to the supply issues caused by efficient German destruction of road connections in the area. With often the only road available being out of service due to damage and mines, both supplies and heavy equipment, like artillery, could not be transported to front lines in sufficient quantities while lighter equipped forces were at a disadvantage against heavily armed German forces.
177:
2615:
54:
2240:
For the rest of the campaign the
Soviets advanced after the withdrawing Germans along the coast of Norway, with the Soviets trying to block and cut off German units on their retreat. But because of constant supply shortcomings and German delaying efforts, which forced sizable forces to be detached to
2221:
Despite intensive planning before the offensive, the initial attack on 7 October immediately met with problems. Poor visibility made it difficult to co-ordinate artillery and fire support, slowing the assault; nevertheless, after some fierce fighting the
Soviets broke through the German lines on the
2194:, who served as both head of the 20th Mountain Army and overall theater commander, was well aware of the threat posed by the upcoming offensive. Prior to the start of the Soviet drive, the defending Germans had been ordered to abandon Petsamo on 15 October, and Kirkenes by the beginning of November.
2110:
had seen little change. Environmental and supply conditions in the remote, nearly roadless region made it difficult, if not impossible, to undertake major military operations, and as far as land warfare was concerned, the Arctic had become a backwater. Considerable German forces were deployed in the
2249:
The Soviet offensive ended with a victory for the Red Army, but the
Wehrmacht 20th Mountain Army successfully performed an orderly retreat with the bulk of its forces intact as it did against Finnish forces during their retreat through Lapland carried out at the same time. Soviet failure to inflict
2241:
road reconstruction, the
Soviets were not able to achieve success and the Germans escaped with the bulk of their forces intact. The Germans abandoned Kirkenes on 25 October and finally on 29 October Meretskov halted all operations except reconnaissance.
2655:
1109:
1383:
2230:
were able to clear the roadblock on 14 October, securing the retreat of
Rendulic's forces. The Soviets captured Petsamo on 15 October, but due to supply problems, then had to halt the offensive for three days.
1099:
2670:
2660:
2665:
879:
302:
1376:
2218:
and army units. Initially, the
Germans' intended withdrawal was hampered by Hitler's strict orders to Rendulic to evacuate all supplies from the Petsamo region before abandoning it.
1092:
1369:
2650:
872:
1085:
2261:
in August 1945. The
Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive was the last major offensive in an Arctic environment. It was studied intensively in the Soviet Army for this reason.
2171:
decided to move against the German forces in the Arctic in late 1944. The operation was to be undertaken jointly by the
Karelian Front under the command of General
2126:
After the armistice between the Soviet Union and
Finland on 4 September 1944, the Petsamo region (though still largely occupied by the Germans) became part of the
2680:
295:
865:
2645:
2675:
469:
624:
288:
95:
2356:
2214:, and the battle for Kirkenes, including the southward pursuit that followed it. During the offensive several amphibious landings were conducted by
629:
1393:
1147:
1056:
339:
619:
2583:
1455:
464:
329:
2386:
Less than half of the 8,263 overall casualties were killed or missing in action. The Germans "escaped with the bulk of their forces intact"
2152:
1041:
720:
430:
334:
2619:
690:
695:
585:
486:
2567:
2544:
2346:
2341:
2227:
1259:
1135:
675:
670:
363:
2176:
1476:
607:
440:
590:
2330:
2286:
2138:
2130:, and the Finnish government agreed to remove the remaining German troops from its territory by 15 September (leading to the
1587:
1278:
250:
214:
827:
817:
707:
2335:
1526:
459:
498:
2685:
2258:
2190:
Soviet preparations, which had lasted for two months, had not gone unnoticed by the Germans. The highly capable General
780:
535:
403:
312:
41:
2254:
1237:
1228:
774:
2119:, which were of importance to German armour plate fabrication, and to guard the coast of northern Norway against an
2635:
2147:
812:
540:
1521:
1337:
807:
415:
383:
358:
2584:
James F. Gebhardt – The Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation: Soviet Breakthrough and Pursuit in the Arctic, October 1944
2282:
2184:
1598:
1561:
1542:
726:
518:
239:
2513:
1504:
1516:
2640:
2207:
1410:
1252:
1221:
1176:
1128:
1122:
785:
602:
564:
552:
435:
420:
2514:"Russia and the USSR in the Wars of the Twentieth Century: Losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study"
2597:
2235:
2215:
2120:
2081:
1483:
1350:
1066:
919:
680:
653:
530:
373:
1469:
658:
647:
398:
2265:
2077:
2304:
2292:
2103:
1547:
1497:
1330:
1316:
1193:
1011:
1004:
926:
905:
713:
595:
546:
378:
352:
2116:
2054:
2027:
1958:
1943:
1903:
1846:
1841:
1290:
1212:
1169:
959:
790:
756:
701:
88:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1836:
1831:
1806:
1801:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1655:
1645:
1554:
1448:
1422:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1264:
1162:
1140:
1018:
983:
952:
800:
761:
741:
736:
634:
409:
2563:
2540:
1429:
1417:
1309:
1302:
997:
990:
912:
685:
513:
2155:. During the preparations for this operation, the Russians went over to the offensive on the
2588:
2172:
2058:
1573:
1509:
1323:
1244:
1200:
1188:
1155:
966:
898:
839:
833:
822:
795:
731:
639:
492:
481:
454:
446:
425:
368:
202:
2191:
2180:
2142:
1490:
1361:
1034:
937:
844:
751:
613:
578:
503:
393:
227:
181:
17:
857:
2556:
2317:
2203:
2156:
1672:
1434:
557:
388:
2629:
2223:
1873:
1868:
1856:
1851:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1749:
945:
2127:
2040:
1883:
1878:
1742:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1687:
1682:
1677:
508:
222:
209:
197:
167:
152:
45:
2131:
2097:
1667:
1650:
1640:
1635:
1207:
1027:
1183:
941:
110:
97:
2135:
2049:
524:
53:
1077:
2614:
2211:
2044:
975:
59:
2168:
2112:
2107:
2085:
2073:
2062:
1754:
63:
2656:
Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II
2057:
region, ceded to the Soviet Union by Finland in accordance with the
1737:
1732:
1727:
1697:
1692:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
280:
1365:
1081:
861:
284:
2537:
Brothers in arms against each other – Lapland War 1944–1945
2151:
to withdraw completely from northern Norway and Finland in
2264:
In Soviet propaganda, this offensive was listed as one of
2102:
In the aftermath of the failed German–Finnish offensive,
2603:(memoirs of the commander of 10th Guards Rifle Division)
29:
Soviet campaign on the Eastern Front during World War II
2671:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
2661:
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
2558:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
2076:, driving them back into Norway, and was called the
2555:
2183:. The main operations were to be conducted by the
2562:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
2084:from the northern part of Norway and seized the
2666:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
2362:Division Group van der Hoop (regiment strength)
2257:, and was given a prominent command during the
2253:The Soviet commander Meretskov was promoted to
34:
1377:
1093:
873:
296:
8:
2594:(memoirs of the commander of Karelian Front)
2458:
2456:
2454:
2539:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Kirjayhtymä.
2533:Aseveljet vastakkain – Lapin sota 1944–1945
2651:Arctic military operations of World War II
2554:Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan (1995).
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2441:
2439:
2365:Bicycle Brigade Norway (regiment strength)
1384:
1370:
1362:
1100:
1086:
1078:
880:
866:
858:
303:
289:
281:
31:
2473:
2471:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2405:
2403:
2202:The offensive can be divided into three
2026:
2399:
2379:
2210:of the German position, the pursuit to
1395:Arctic naval operations of World War II
1057:British occupation of the Faroe Islands
2039:was a major military offensive during
2681:Amphibious operations of World War II
889:Military operations, Arctic 1941–1945
7:
2507:
2505:
2646:Battles involving the Soviet Union
2031:Soviet Planning for the Operation.
25:
2106:, in 1941, the frontlines in the
58:Soviet landing party heading for
2613:
379:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
221:
208:
196:
175:
160:
145:
52:
2351:Grenadier Regiment 388 attached
2145:, the decision was made by the
2111:sector to protect the Finnish
1:
2676:Norway–Soviet Union relations
2134:). During the retreat of the
2065:. The offensive defeated the
2259:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
2477:
2462:
2430:
2409:
2255:Marshal of the Soviet Union
2702:
2620:Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive
2233:
2148:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
2095:
2037:Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive
1062:Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive
35:Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive
18:Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive
2496:
2445:
2312:127th (light) Rifle Corps
2309:126th (light) Rifle Corps
1403:
1119:
895:
320:
260:
233:
189:
138:
70:
51:
39:
1111:Nordic states, 1939–1945
2601:Am Rande des Kontinents
2512:Krivosheyev, Grigoriy.
2357:210th Infantry Division
266:6,084 killed or missing
2289:), total; 113,200 men
2236:Liberation of Finnmark
2082:expelled German forces
2032:
1067:Liberation of Finnmark
190:Commanders and leaders
2592:Im Dienste des Volkes
2359:(a fortress division)
2347:6th Mountain Division
2342:2nd Mountain Division
2228:2nd Mountain Division
2030:
261:Casualties and losses
111:69.42778°N 31.22806°E
2622:at Wikimedia Commons
2531:Ahto, Sampo (1980).
2338:, total; 45,000 men
2287:Vladimir Shcherbakov
2104:Operation Silver Fox
2080:by Stalin. It later
1291:Kirkenes and Petsamo
1279:Heavy water sabotage
215:Vladimir Shcherbakov
2686:October 1944 events
2153:Operation Nordlicht
2123:landing operation.
1051:Associated articles
586:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
487:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
275:(whole of October)
107: /
91:and northern Norway
2336:XIX Mountain Corps
2331:20th Mountain Army
2266:Stalin's ten blows
2139:20th Mountain Army
2088:mines of Petsamo.
2033:
781:Western Carpathian
721:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
691:1st Jassy–Kishinev
676:Leningrad–Novgorod
671:Dnieper–Carpathian
251:20th Mountain Army
116:69.42778; 31.22806
2636:Conflicts in 1944
2618:Media related to
2320:total; 20,300 men
2300:131st Rifle Corps
2043:, mounted by the
2024:
2023:
1359:
1358:
1075:
1074:
855:
854:
279:
278:
134:
133:
78:7–29 October 1944
16:(Redirected from
2693:
2617:
2573:
2561:
2550:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2481:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2449:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2387:
2384:
2297:99th Rifle Corps
2293:31st Rifle Corps
2173:Kirill Meretskov
2072:s forces in the
2071:
2059:Moscow Armistice
1581:Petsamo–Kirkenes
1398:
1396:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1346:Petsamo–Kirkenes
1189:Continuation War
1114:
1112:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1079:
899:Continuation War
890:
882:
875:
868:
859:
747:Petsamo–Kirkenes
625:Belgorod-Kharkov
591:Voronezh–Kharkov
315:
305:
298:
291:
282:
226:
225:
217:
213:
212:
203:Kirill Meretskov
201:
200:
180:
179:
178:
170:
166:
164:
163:
151:
149:
148:
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
72:
71:
56:
32:
21:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2626:
2625:
2610:
2589:Meretskov, K.A.
2580:
2578:Further reading
2570:
2553:
2547:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2484:
2476:
2469:
2461:
2452:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2327:
2279:
2274:
2272:Forces involved
2247:
2238:
2200:
2192:Lothar Rendulic
2181:Arseniy Golovko
2165:
2143:Operation Birke
2100:
2094:
2069:
2053:in 1944 in the
2025:
2020:
1590:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1360:
1355:
1151:(Faroe Islands)
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1076:
1071:
1048:
891:
888:
886:
856:
851:
845:Prague uprising
828:Bratislava–Brno
818:Moravia–Ostrava
708:Lvov–Sandomierz
536:Rzhev–Sychyovka
364:Białystok–Minsk
316:
311:
309:
274:
269:
267:
255:
253:
246:
244:
242:
228:Lothar Rendulic
220:
207:
206:
205:
195:
182:Quisling Regime
176:
174:
161:
159:
158:
146:
144:
115:
113:
109:
106:
101:
98:
96:
94:
93:
92:
87:Arctic Region,
57:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2699:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:1944 in Norway
2638:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2609:
2608:External links
2606:
2605:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2551:
2545:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2501:
2482:
2467:
2450:
2435:
2414:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:Northern Fleet
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2246:
2243:
2234:Main article:
2216:naval infantry
2199:
2196:
2179:under Admiral
2177:Northern Fleet
2164:
2161:
2157:Karelian Front
2093:
2090:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1250:
1234:
1233:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
972:
971:
964:
957:
934:
933:
932:
931:
924:
917:
896:
893:
892:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
862:
853:
852:
850:
849:
848:
847:
837:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
808:East Pomerania
805:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
770:
769:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
717:
710:
705:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
667:
666:
662:
661:
656:
651:
644:
643:
642:
632:
627:
622:
617:
610:
605:
600:
593:
588:
583:
575:
574:
570:
569:
562:
555:
550:
543:
538:
533:
528:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
499:Toropets–Kholm
496:
489:
484:
478:
477:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
451:
450:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
348:
347:
343:
342:
337:
332:
326:
325:
321:
318:
317:
310:
308:
307:
300:
293:
285:
277:
276:
271:
270:21,233 overall
268:15,149 wounded
263:
262:
258:
257:
248:
236:
235:
231:
230:
218:
192:
191:
187:
186:
185:
184:
155:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:Soviet victory
128:
124:
123:
86:
84:
80:
79:
76:
68:
67:
49:
48:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2569:0-7006-0899-0
2565:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2546:951-26-1726-9
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:Glantz (1995)
2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:Glantz (1995)
2459:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:Glantz (1995)
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:Glantz (1995)
2406:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2224:Titovka River
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:"Tenth Shock"
2075:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Motovsky Gulf
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:Cape Pikshuev
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
981:
980:
979:
977:
970:
969:
965:
963:
962:
958:
956:
955:
951:
950:
949:
948:
947:
946:Fleet Air Arm
943:
939:
930:
929:
925:
923:
922:
918:
916:
915:
911:
910:
909:
908:
904:
903:
902:
900:
894:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
863:
860:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
836:
835:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:
645:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:
577:
576:
572:
571:
568:
567:
566:Little Saturn
563:
561:
560:
556:
554:
553:Velikiye Luki
551:
549:
548:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
526:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
494:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
449:
448:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
350:
349:
345:
344:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:Naval warfare
323:
322:
319:
314:
313:Eastern Front
306:
301:
299:
294:
292:
287:
286:
283:
273:8,263 overall
272:
265:
264:
259:
252:
249:
241:
238:
237:
232:
229:
224:
219:
216:
211:
204:
199:
194:
193:
188:
183:
173:
172:
171:
169:
156:
154:
143:
142:
137:
129:
126:
125:
120:
90:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
42:Eastern Front
38:
33:
27:
19:
2600:
2591:
2557:
2536:
2532:
2525:Bibliography
2382:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2220:
2208:breakthrough
2201:
2189:
2166:
2163:Preparations
2146:
2128:Russian SFSR
2125:
2101:
2066:
2048:
2047:against the
2041:World War II
2036:
2034:
1974:
1973:
1862:
1861:
1795:
1794:
1743:
1661:
1660:
1599:
1591:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1566:
1555:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1510:
1498:
1491:
1485:Doppelschlag
1484:
1478:Rösselsprung
1477:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1345:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1253:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1201:
1194:
1175:
1174:
1156:
1148:
1129:
1121:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
974:
973:
967:
960:
953:
936:
935:
927:
920:
913:
906:
897:
832:
813:Lake Balaton
801:
786:East Prussia
775:Vistula–Oder
773:
746:
719:
712:
700:
646:
635:2nd Smolensk
612:
596:
579:
565:
558:
545:
523:
491:
470:Air war 1941
445:
408:
384:1st Smolensk
351:
340:Arctic Ocean
157:
153:Soviet Union
139:Belligerents
46:World War II
26:
2499:pp. 260–263
2497:Ahto (1980)
2480:pp. 229–230
2446:Ahto (1980)
2433:pp. 230–231
2132:Lapland War
2098:Lapland War
1522:Barents Sea
1471:Sportpalast
1338:Attacks on
1208:Lapland War
1028:Lapland War
978:(1941–1945)
921:Platinfuchs
907:Silberfuchs
901:(1941–1944)
608:Gorky Blitz
603:3rd Kharkov
519:2nd Kharkov
421:1st Kharkov
416:Sea of Azov
243:133,500 men
114: /
2630:Categories
2394:References
2305:Pigarevich
2096:See also:
1562:North Cape
1549:Zitronella
1528:Regenbogen
1499:Wunderland
1412:Weserübung
1332:Zitronella
1318:Gearbox II
1254:Weserübung
1195:Silver Fox
1184:Winter War
1130:Weserübung
1013:Zitronella
1006:Gearbox II
928:Polarfuchs
732:2nd Baltic
727:Dukla Pass
714:Doppelkopf
686:2nd Crimea
630:2nd Donbas
620:1st Donbas
597:Polar Star
547:Stalingrad
431:Sevastopol
426:1st Crimea
369:1st Baltic
353:Barbarossa
330:Baltic Sea
254:45,000 men
247:2,100 guns
102:31°13′41″E
99:69°25′40″N
2283:14th Army
2198:Offensive
2185:14th Army
2141:, called
2136:Wehrmacht
2115:mines of
2092:Situation
2067:Wehrmacht
2050:Wehrmacht
1214:Tanne Ost
1149:Valentine
1043:Nordlicht
757:Gumbinnen
702:Bagration
541:Sinyavino
525:Case Blue
410:Leningrad
335:Black Sea
245:110 tanks
240:14th Army
2598:Khudalov
2212:Kirkenes
2175:and the
2045:Red Army
1556:Ostfront
1543:Kara Sea
1457:Polyarny
1450:Claymore
1424:Alphabet
1351:Finnmark
1297:Gauntlet
1285:Claymore
1273:Alphabet
1248:incident
1170:Bornholm
1163:Isefjord
1020:Haudegen
985:Gauntlet
976:Svalbard
954:Benedict
802:Solstice
762:Budapest
752:Courland
742:Debrecen
737:Belgrade
659:2nd Kiev
531:Caucasus
504:Demyansk
465:Chechnya
399:1st Kiev
256:145 guns
234:Strength
83:Location
60:Kirkenes
40:Part of
2245:Outcome
2117:Petsamo
2055:Petsamo
1673:PQ 9/10
1600:Dervish
1588:Convoys
1430:Wilfred
1340:Tirpitz
1311:Gearbox
1304:Fritham
1260:Denmark
1246:Altmark
1222:Iceland
1177:Finland
1136:Denmark
1123:Denmark
999:Gearbox
992:Fritham
914:Rentier
796:Breslau
791:Silesia
696:Karelia
648:Dnieper
514:Bamberg
455:Finland
404:Tallinn
168:Germany
89:Petsamo
2566:
2543:
2465:p. 231
2448:p. 263
2412:p. 299
2325:German
2303:Corps
2277:Soviet
2206:: the
2204:phases
2169:Stavka
2121:Allied
2113:nickel
2108:Arctic
2086:nickel
2074:Arctic
2063:Norway
2061:, and
1959:RA 61A
1944:RA 59A
1904:JW 61A
1874:JW 56B
1869:JW 56A
1857:RA 55B
1852:RA 55A
1847:RA 54B
1842:RA 54A
1827:JW 55B
1822:JW 55A
1817:JW 54B
1812:JW 54A
1755:JW 51B
1750:JW 51A
1575:Mascot
1511:Orator
1418:Narvik
1325:Leader
1265:Norway
1238:Norway
1202:Orator
1157:Safari
1141:Norway
968:Orator
840:Prague
834:Berlin
823:Vienna
640:Lenino
482:Lyuban
447:Moscow
436:Rostov
394:Odessa
165:
150:
127:Result
64:Norway
2535:[
2374:Notes
2070:'
2016:RA 67
2011:RA 66
2006:RA 65
2001:RA 64
1996:JW 67
1991:JW 66
1986:JW 65
1981:JW 64
1969:RA 63
1964:RA 62
1954:RA 61
1949:RA 60
1939:RA 59
1934:RA 58
1929:RA 57
1924:RA 56
1919:JW 64
1914:JW 63
1909:JW 62
1899:JW 61
1894:JW 60
1889:JW 59
1884:JW 58
1879:JW 57
1837:RA 53
1832:RA 52
1807:JW 53
1802:JW 52
1790:RA 51
1785:QP 12
1738:PQ 18
1733:PQ 17
1728:PQ 16
1723:QP 11
1718:QP 15
1713:PQ 15
1708:QP 14
1703:PQ 14
1698:QP 13
1693:PQ 13
1688:PQ 12
1683:PQ 11
1678:QP 10
1492:Zarin
1036:Birke
681:Narva
654:Nevel
614:Kursk
580:Iskra
509:Kholm
493:Rzhev
460:Kerch
441:Gorky
374:Brody
359:Brest
2564:ISBN
2541:ISBN
2167:The
2035:The
1975:1945
1863:1944
1796:1943
1780:QP 9
1775:QP 8
1770:QP 7
1765:QP 6
1760:QP 5
1668:PQ 8
1662:1942
1656:QP 4
1651:QP 3
1646:QP 2
1641:QP 1
1636:PQ 7
1631:PQ 6
1626:PQ 5
1621:PQ 4
1616:PQ 3
1611:PQ 2
1606:PQ 1
1592:1941
1568:1944
1537:1943
1464:1942
1443:1941
1436:Juno
1406:1940
1230:Fork
768:1945
665:1944
573:1943
559:Mars
476:1942
389:Uman
346:1941
75:Date
938:RAF
44:of
2632::
2504:^
2485:^
2470:^
2453:^
2438:^
2417:^
2402:^
2268:.
2159:.
1744:FB
961:EF
944:,
942:RN
940:,
62:,
2572:.
2549:.
2516:.
2285:(
1385:e
1378:t
1371:v
1101:e
1094:t
1087:v
881:e
874:t
867:v
304:e
297:t
290:v
66:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
