Knowledge

Phạm Thanh Tâm

Source 📝

311:
I did the watercolours right there at the battle. I used a plume rehaussée d'aquarelle . The idea was not to hang around too long in one place. So I would usually add the pen later on. When I traveled around the country and there was no fierce fighting, I had more time to sketch carefully. I traveled
945: 320:
In 1978, he was appointed the director of the Military Fine Arts Workshop (later merged into the Military Museum) and staged painting exhibitions, taught art courses and erected statues to commemorate the
229:
as a journalist and war artist. His initial assignment was to the 34th Regiment's Tất Thắng newspaper. He was soon transferred to Artillery Division 351 to work for the division newspaper, Quyết Thắng.
312:
with a photographer. That was very useful. If I forgot details, I could look at his pictures and fill in details. I used all kinds of materials: watercolours, pens, pencils – whatever I could find.".
182:. After evacuating the city in late-1946, he attended a six-month painting training course organized by the Art Division of Military Zone III held at Phù Lưu Chanh communal house, near Đầu market, in 1030: 1466: 675: 1451: 299:
Although artists worked under difficult conditions and with limited resources, he managed to preserve most of his sketches and paintings by sending them back to
1461: 926: 233:
In 1952, along with his division, he was sent to China for artillery training. After returning to Vietnam, he and his division marched from the town of
1204: 1187: 502: 885: 253:
From 1954 to 1963, he worked for three newspapers concurrently: the Military Art Newspaper (Văn Nghệ Quân Đội), the People's Army Newspaper (
218:
After his studies at the painting training course in Military Zone III, Phạm Thanh Tâm was assigned to the Culture and Information Office in
515: 866: 1382: 1368: 1350: 1332: 1013: 830: 765: 738: 435: 414: 400: 254: 800: 1446: 592: 489:
Phạm Thanh Tâm's wartime works are collected by numerous museums in Vietnam, as well as a number of international collections.
1168: 507: 1456: 719: 303:
for safe keeping, using a variety of materials and the occasional use of photographs. He revealed to Sherry Buchanan of
261: 238: 202: 198: 194: 1441: 964: 597: 550: 139: 186:. His teachers included artists involved in the anti-colonial resistance, including Lương Xuân Nhị, Mai Văn Nam and 986: 72: 1149: 155: 37: 322: 162:– into a family with a tradition of revolutionary activities. In 1941, his father and mother both joined the 242: 219: 187: 1006:
Carnet de guerre d'un jeune Viêt-Minh à Diên Biên Phu (War diary of a young Viêt-Minh in Diên Biên Phu)
700: 465:(Route 9, Khe Sanh: Avoid, Sketch Anti-American Resistance) 2012, Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) 268:. Again as a journalist, he was granted permission to write and paint from the battlefields along the 241:, a journey of over 300 kilometres on foot. He arrived on 11 March 1954, two days before the decisive 1436: 1431: 1360: 273: 265: 131: 904: 607: 119: 1397: 528: 285: 277: 167: 127: 1378: 1364: 1346: 1328: 1009: 826: 761: 474: 466: 431: 410: 396: 269: 179: 159: 557: 329: 289: 52: 423:(History Of Dien Bien Phu Victory), 2014, Nhà Xuất bản Thời Đại (Thời Đại Publishing House) 281: 1401: 523: 1289: 1272: 1255: 1238: 1221: 635: 293: 602: 226: 163: 123: 1425: 143: 847: 245:, which he participated in as a soldier and documented as an artist and journalist. 183: 458:(Return to Saigon), Nhà Xuất Bản Văn Hóa-Văn Nghệ (Cultural-Arts Publishing House) 612: 135: 1342: 1132: 1115: 1098: 1081: 1064: 1047: 656: 234: 108: 409:(War diary of a young Viêt-Minh in Diên Biên Phu), 2011, Armand Colin, Paris 1066:
A Singer of the Armed Force's Literature and Arts Division at Điện Biên Phủ
563:
Member of the executive committee of the Vietnamese Plastic Art Association
470: 308: 112: 478: 786:
Route 9, Khe Sanh: Avoid, Sketch during the Anti-American Resistance
546:
Director of the Workshop on Fine Arts of the Armed Forces, 1978-1989
1416: 82:
Journalism, writing, sketching, painting, propaganda, documentation
1411: 1361:
https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo6154966.html
886:"ARTS ABROAD; The Vietnam War, as Seen in Art From the Other Side" 300: 178:
Phạm Thanh Tâm began his education as a primary school student in
1406: 823:
Drawing Under Enemy Fire: War diary of a young Vietnamese artist
393:
Drawing Under Enemy Fire: War diary of a young Vietnamese artist
154:
Phạm Thanh Tâm was born in Vĩnh Hảo, Vinh Lại, Vụ Bản district,
1359:, 2008, Asia Ink, London, and University of Chicago Press < 1032:
Phạm Thanh Tâm "Soldier dressing another soldier's head wound"
543:
Founding member of the Vietnam Journalists Association, 1957
107:(15 May 1932 – 30 May 2019) was a Vietnamese journalist and 1394: 1339:
Drawing Under Fire: War diary of a young Vietnamese artist
540:
Founding member of the Vietnam Fine Arts Association, 1957
1357:
Mekong Diaries: Vietcong Drawings & Stories 1964–1975
1169:"People Painted Paintings Through Two Wars of Resistance" 867:"People painted paintings through two wars of resistance" 720:"Painter Phạm Thanh Tâm: Retelling history with painting" 1325:
Vietnam Behind the Lines, Images from the War: 1965–1975
758:
Vietnam Behind the Lines, Images from the War: 1965–1975
676:"People painted pictures through two wars, 14 June 2019" 335:
Phạm Thanh Tâm died in Ho Chi Minh City on 30 May 2019.
257:) and the Military Image Newspaper (Hình Ảnh Quân Đội). 430:(Going to Saigon), Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) 1375:
Carnet de guerre d'un jeune Viêt-Minh à Diên Biên Phu
987:"The One Who Keeps the Dien Bien Fire Between Saigon" 463:Đường 9, Khe Sanh: Tránh, Ký Họa Kháng Chiến Chống Mỹ 407:
Carnet de guerre d'un jeune Viêt-Minh à Diên Biên Phu
451:(Breaking Down), Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) 328:He retired from the army as a Colonel and moved to 94: 86: 78: 68: 60: 45: 30: 23: 801:"The last palm tree in the Điện Biên Phủ Campaign" 576:Third prize at the National Art Exhibition, 1954 512:Southeastern Armed Forces Military Zone 7 Museum 126:soldier participating in the resistance against 16:Vietnamese journalist and war artist (1932–2019) 965:"Sad News – Painter Phạm Thanh Tâm Passes Away" 98:École des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine Influenced 739:"In Memory of Painter Mai Van Hien "Meeting"" 8: 350:Spring in the Điện Biên Phủ Artillery Tunnel 1343:http://asiainkbooks.com/drawing-under-fire/ 237:on Vietnam's northern border with China to 566:Member of the Vietnam Veterans Association 264:, he volunteered for the front during the 20: 1327:, 2002, Art Media Resources Ltd, Chicago 1209:. Hanoi: Vietnam Military History Museum. 1192:. Hanoi: Vietnam Military History Museum. 946:"Artist-soldier Pham Thanh Tam has Left" 1309:. Penang, Malaysia: Witness Collection. 1294:. Penang, Malaysia: Witness Collection. 1277:. Penang, Malaysia: Witness Collection. 1260:. Penang, Malaysia: Witness Collection. 1243:. Penang, Malaysia: Witness Collection. 1226:. Penang, Malaysia: Witness Collection. 624: 927:"The Artist Wrote and Drew Under Fire" 846:Wert, Dr. Hal Elliott (January 2014). 360:Landscape on Điện Biên Phủ Stilt House 1467:War correspondents of the Vietnam War 1137:. Ho Chi Minh City: Dogma Collection. 1120:. Ho Chi Minh City: Dogma Collection. 1103:. Ho Chi Minh City: Dogma Collection. 1086:. Ho Chi Minh City: Dogma Collection. 1069:. Ho Chi Minh City: Dogma Collection. 1052:. Ho Chi Minh City: Dogma Collection. 980: 978: 920: 918: 816: 814: 788:. Ho Chi Minh City: Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ. 444:, Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ (Young Publishers) 7: 1462:Vietnamese people of the Vietnam War 779: 777: 760:. Chicago: Art Media Resources Ltd. 695: 693: 691: 689: 651: 649: 630: 628: 499:Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts 944:Nguyễn, Quốc Trung (10 June 2019). 743:Ho Chi Minh University of Fine Arts 193:Later, in 1963, he enrolled in the 1134:Propaganda Painting in Oil on Hemp 1083:A Year After Điện Biên Phủ Victory 582:Third Class Military Exploit Order 14: 1305:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (30 April 1975). 1154:Ho Chi Minh City Fine Arts Museum 903:Buchanan, Sherry (10 June 2002). 884:Riding, Alan (22 October 2002). 799:Nguyễn, Minh Ngọc (6 May 2014). 1049:"Approach Khe Sanh Battlefield" 931:Vietnam Military History Museum 756:Harrison-Hall, Jessica (2002). 680:Vietnam Military History Museum 593:Vietnam University of Fine Arts 520:Vietnam Military History Museum 365:Saigon Gateway on 30 April 1975 674:Nguyên, Thuận (14 June 2019). 1: 1452:People from Nam Định province 1150:"Oil Paint: Main Collections" 1029:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1965–1975). 355:Road to Điện Biên in the Past 1377:, 2011, Armand Colin, Paris 985:Võ, Thu Hương (4 May 2016). 950:Veterans of Ho Chi Minh City 579:First Class Resistance Order 260:During his education at the 925:Linh, Tuấn (12 June 2019). 421:Trang Sử Vàng Điện Biên Phủ 1483: 963:Phạm, Tôn (12 June 2019). 701:"Phạm Thanh Tâm Biography" 636:"Phạm Thanh Tâm Biography" 1173:Military Zone 7 Newspaper 1035:. London: British Museum. 395:, 2005, Asia Ink, London 370:Deep in Trường Sơn Forest 332:with his family in 1989. 262:Vietnam Fine Arts College 203:Vietnam Fine Arts College 195:Vietnam Fine Arts College 118:. His career spanned the 73:Vietnam Fine Arts College 1395:Vietnam Fine Arts Museum 1288:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1967). 1271:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1959). 1254:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1956). 1240:Laying Flowers on Graves 1237:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1954). 1220:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1954). 1186:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (2003). 1167:Bảo, Linh (9 May 2019). 1148:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (2017). 1131:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1973). 1114:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1972). 1097:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1964). 1080:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1955). 1063:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1954). 1046:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (1967). 1004:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (2011). 865:Bảo, Linh (7 May 2018). 854:– via History Net. 821:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (2005). 784:Phạm, Thanh Tâm (2012). 598:People's Army of Vietnam 551:People's Army of Vietnam 516:Vietnam Fine Arts Museum 323:reunification of Vietnam 140:People's Army of Vietnam 1412:Vietnam: The Art of War 1400:29 October 2022 at the 1323:Jessica Harrison-Hall, 1008:. Paris: Armand Colin. 805:Nghe An Public Security 705:Vietnam: The Art of War 243:Battle of Điện Biên Phủ 225:In 1950, he joined the 199:Hanoi Fine Arts College 146:and the United States. 1447:Vietnamese journalists 1345:> Asia Ink, London 508:Military Zone 9 Museum 375:In the Past, Quảng Trị 138:) as a member of the 1307:Saigon After Victory 1274:Defending the Border 1223:Điện Biên Phủ Bunker 848:"Artists Under Fire" 825:. London: Asia Ink. 560:Fine Art Association 266:Second Indochina War 249:Second Indochina War 201:). He graduated the 132:Second Indochina War 1457:Vietnam War artists 1100:Guarding Halong Bay 608:First Indochina War 524:War Remnants Museum 316:After Reunification 214:First Indochina War 197:(also known as the 166:resistance against 134:(also known as the 120:First Indochina War 90:Realism/documentary 1442:Vietnamese artists 1407:Witness Collection 890:The New York Times 640:Witness Collection 529:Witness Collection 286:Christmas Bombings 284:; during the 1972 168:French colonialism 128:French colonialism 1355:Sherry Buchanan, 1257:The 17th Parallel 1203:Phạm, Thanh Tâm. 737:Phạm, Thanh Tâm. 724:Liberation Saigon 442:Dung Dăng Dung Dẻ 270:Ho Chi Minh trail 255:Quân Đội Nhân Dân 220:Hưng Yên Province 156:Nam Định Province 130:, as well as the 102: 101: 38:Nam Định Province 1474: 1417:Dogma Collection 1373:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 1337:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 1311: 1310: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1026: 1020: 1019: 1001: 995: 994: 982: 973: 972: 960: 954: 953: 941: 935: 934: 922: 913: 912: 900: 894: 893: 881: 875: 874: 862: 856: 855: 852:Armchair General 843: 837: 836: 818: 809: 808: 796: 790: 789: 781: 772: 771: 753: 747: 746: 734: 728: 727: 715: 709: 708: 697: 684: 683: 671: 665: 664: 661:Dogma Collection 657:"Phạm Thanh Tâm" 653: 644: 643: 632: 558:Ho Chi Minh City 503:Logistics Museum 496:Dogma Collection 461:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 454:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 447:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 440:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 426:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 419:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 405:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 391:Phạm Thanh Tâm, 330:Ho Chi Minh City 53:Ho Chi Minh City 21: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1422: 1421: 1402:Wayback Machine 1391: 1320: 1318:Further reading 1315: 1314: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1206:Keeping the Sky 1202: 1201: 1197: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1016: 1003: 1002: 998: 991:Lam Dong Online 984: 983: 976: 969:Phạm Tôn's Blog 962: 961: 957: 943: 942: 938: 924: 923: 916: 902: 901: 897: 883: 882: 878: 864: 863: 859: 845: 844: 840: 833: 820: 819: 812: 798: 797: 793: 783: 782: 775: 768: 755: 754: 750: 736: 735: 731: 717: 716: 712: 699: 698: 687: 673: 672: 668: 655: 654: 647: 634: 633: 626: 621: 589: 573: 549:Colonel in the 537: 487: 456:Ngày về Sài Gòn 428:Tiến về Sài Gòn 388: 341: 318: 292:and during the 251: 216: 211: 176: 152: 111:, who used the 56: 50: 41: 35: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1480: 1478: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1390: 1389:External links 1387: 1386: 1385: 1383:978-2200257590 1371: 1369:978-0226078304 1353: 1351:978-0953783939 1335: 1333:978-1588860200 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1297: 1280: 1263: 1246: 1229: 1212: 1195: 1178: 1159: 1140: 1123: 1106: 1089: 1072: 1055: 1038: 1021: 1015:978-2200257590 1014: 996: 974: 955: 936: 914: 905:"Drawing Fire" 895: 876: 857: 838: 832:978-0953783939 831: 810: 791: 773: 767:978-1588860200 766: 748: 729: 710: 685: 666: 645: 623: 622: 620: 617: 616: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 588: 585: 584: 583: 580: 577: 572: 569: 568: 567: 564: 561: 556:Member of the 554: 547: 544: 541: 536: 535:Official Roles 533: 532: 531: 526: 521: 518: 513: 510: 505: 500: 497: 494: 493:British Museum 486: 483: 482: 481: 459: 452: 445: 438: 436:978-6049423437 424: 417: 415:978-2200257590 403: 401:978-0953783939 387: 384: 383: 382: 380:Baby Mường Pồn 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 340: 337: 317: 314: 294:Fall of Saigon 250: 247: 215: 212: 210: 207: 175: 172: 151: 148: 105:Phạm Thanh Tâm 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 80: 79:Known for 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 51: 47: 43: 42: 36: 32: 28: 27: 25:Phạm Thanh Tâm 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1479: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1308: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1233: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1216: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1199: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1182: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1110: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1093: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1059: 1056: 1051: 1050: 1042: 1039: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1022: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1000: 997: 992: 988: 981: 979: 975: 970: 966: 959: 956: 951: 947: 940: 937: 932: 928: 921: 919: 915: 910: 906: 899: 896: 891: 887: 880: 877: 872: 868: 861: 858: 853: 849: 842: 839: 834: 828: 824: 817: 815: 811: 806: 802: 795: 792: 787: 780: 778: 774: 769: 763: 759: 752: 749: 744: 740: 733: 730: 725: 721: 714: 711: 706: 702: 696: 694: 692: 690: 686: 681: 677: 670: 667: 662: 658: 652: 650: 646: 641: 637: 631: 629: 625: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 586: 581: 578: 575: 574: 570: 565: 562: 559: 555: 552: 548: 545: 542: 539: 538: 534: 530: 527: 525: 522: 519: 517: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 491: 490: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 457: 453: 450: 446: 443: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 422: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 389: 385: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 346: 345: 338: 336: 333: 331: 326: 324: 315: 313: 310: 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 258: 256: 248: 246: 244: 240: 239:Điện Biên Phủ 236: 231: 228: 223: 221: 213: 208: 206: 204: 200: 196: 191: 189: 188:Bùi Xuân Phái 185: 181: 173: 171: 169: 165: 161: 157: 149: 147: 145: 144:South Vietnam 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 63: 59: 54: 48: 44: 39: 33: 29: 22: 19: 1374: 1356: 1341:, 2005, < 1338: 1324: 1306: 1300: 1290: 1283: 1273: 1266: 1256: 1249: 1239: 1232: 1222: 1215: 1205: 1198: 1188: 1181: 1172: 1162: 1153: 1143: 1133: 1126: 1117:Russian Tank 1116: 1109: 1099: 1092: 1082: 1075: 1065: 1058: 1048: 1041: 1031: 1024: 1005: 999: 990: 968: 958: 949: 939: 930: 909:The Guardian 908: 898: 889: 879: 870: 860: 851: 841: 822: 804: 794: 785: 757: 751: 742: 732: 723: 713: 704: 679: 669: 660: 639: 488: 462: 455: 448: 441: 427: 420: 406: 392: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 343: 342: 334: 327: 319: 305:The Guardian 304: 298: 259: 252: 232: 224: 217: 192: 177: 153: 115: 104: 103: 18: 1437:2019 deaths 1432:1932 births 1189:Coming Home 613:Vietnam War 485:Collections 479:2013-350686 282:Hạ Long Bay 158:– northern 136:Vietnam War 61:Nationality 49:30 May 2019 34:15 May 1932 1426:Categories 718:Minh, An. 619:References 290:in Đà Nắng 150:Early life 116:Huỳnh Biếc 109:war artist 64:Vietnamese 871:Nhanh Dần 603:Việt Minh 471:857863995 449:Vượt Ngầm 344:Art Works 278:Quảng Trị 227:Việt Minh 205:in 1967. 180:Hải Phòng 174:Education 164:Việt Minh 160:Hải Phòng 124:Việt Minh 69:Education 55:, Vietnam 40:, Vietnam 1398:Archived 1291:Khe Sanh 587:See also 309:Khe Sanh 274:Khe Sanh 184:Bắc Ninh 142:against 113:pen name 95:Movement 235:Lào Cai 1381:  1367:  1349:  1331:  1012:  829:  764:  571:Awards 553:, 1989 477:  469:  434:  413:  399:  209:Career 386:Books 339:Works 301:Hanoi 272:; in 122:as a 87:Style 1379:ISBN 1365:ISBN 1363:> 1347:ISBN 1329:ISBN 1010:ISBN 827:ISBN 762:ISBN 475:LCCN 467:OCLC 432:ISBN 411:ISBN 397:ISBN 307:"At 280:and 46:Died 31:Born 1428:: 1171:. 1152:. 989:. 977:^ 967:. 948:. 929:. 917:^ 907:. 888:. 869:. 850:. 813:^ 803:. 776:^ 741:. 722:. 703:. 688:^ 678:. 659:. 648:^ 638:. 627:^ 473:, 325:. 296:. 288:; 276:, 222:. 190:. 170:. 1175:. 1156:. 1018:. 993:. 971:. 952:. 933:. 911:. 892:. 873:. 835:. 807:. 770:. 745:. 726:. 707:. 682:. 663:. 642:.

Index

Nam Định Province
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam Fine Arts College
war artist
pen name
First Indochina War
Việt Minh
French colonialism
Second Indochina War
Vietnam War
People's Army of Vietnam
South Vietnam
Nam Định Province
Hải Phòng
Việt Minh
French colonialism
Hải Phòng
Bắc Ninh
Bùi Xuân Phái
Vietnam Fine Arts College
Hanoi Fine Arts College
Vietnam Fine Arts College
Hưng Yên Province
Việt Minh
Lào Cai
Điện Biên Phủ
Battle of Điện Biên Phủ
Quân Đội Nhân Dân
Vietnam Fine Arts College
Second Indochina War

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.