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40:
211:
63:
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309:
252:
are particularly useful for dung degradation. After the eggs have been laid the parents provides no further care for them. The development from egg to adult typically lasts a few months and adult beetles have lived for more than a year in captivity, but their lifespan is probably shorter in the wild.
285:
In species with clearly distinct male morphs, either will pair up with a female to excavate a tunnel, but during male-male encounters a battle ensues with the major morph winning over the minor morph. Females may also fight other females over a piece of dung. In certain species where males vary
190:
climates and deserts to rainforests. In those living in relatively arid places adults are primarily active during the wet season and those living in relatively cold places are primarily active during the summer. They are excellent diggers and good fliers.
239:
will tunnel in the soil below the dung to make nests where some of the dung is placed and the eggs are laid (each egg having its own, typically pear-shaped piece of dung). This means that they are paracoprids, as opposed to some other
884:
Zídek, J.; Edmonds, W.D. (2012). "Taxonomy of
Phanaeus revisited: Revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)".
253:
A tunnel with dung also serves as a temporary living quarter for a single adult or a pair and is only left once the food supply is exhausted or inedible; adults of some species will overwinter in their tunnel.
182:(scarab beetles), ranging from the United States to northern Argentina, with the highest species richness in Mexico. Depending on species, they can inhabit a wide range of habitats, from
194:
They are up to about 2.5 cm (1 in) long and most (but not all) species have bright metallic colors with males having a horn on their head and/or one or two spikes on the
248:
may on occasion roll or push a piece of dung some distance overland from where it was dropped to a tunnel. Because they bring the dung underground, tunneling species like
1168:
1194:
1289:
1142:
1181:
322:
244:
that dig into or on the underside of the dung (the endocoprids) or roll dung balls overland to a tunnel elsewhere (the telecoprids); however,
1282:
1186:
235:, feeding primarily on dung from a wide range of mammals, but they tend to prefer wet, as opposed to dry, dung. A pair of
1313:
1090:
923:"Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of Scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)"
297:
1308:
1275:
1199:
62:
972:
755:
628:
546:
380:
328:
274:
1033:
762:
448:
427:
1095:
441:
373:
1220:
769:
726:
719:
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656:
649:
642:
413:
342:
336:
264:
151:
712:
684:
635:
607:
532:
511:
462:
420:
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359:
258:
39:
740:
733:
670:
614:
591:
567:
553:
539:
518:
476:
469:
434:
210:
1129:
844:"Behavioral ecology of Phanaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): review and new observations"
705:
691:
663:
581:
560:
525:
504:
220:
621:
318:
is found in Mexico (also ranging into far southern Texas), like almost half the species in the genus
698:
455:
944:
497:
490:
292:
215:
202:, referred to as "major" and "minor", that differ in body size and size/presence of horn/spikes.
57:
20:
1225:
1207:
1173:
1116:
387:
1212:
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894:
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199:
49:
1259:
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483:
1302:
279:
19:
This article is about the genus of beetles. For the Apollo Greco-Roman epithets, see
948:
272:(certain other species may be both coprophagous and necrophagous), and the Mexican
1255:
269:
232:
179:
175:
124:
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1155:
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843:
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134:
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74:
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183:
1147:
1108:
793:
1160:
939:
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596:
402:
114:
104:
84:
1027:
979:. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
335:
321:
307:
209:
171:
1031:
1134:
971:
Paris, T.; Rohde, B.; College, H.; Kaufman, P. (1 July 2013).
1263:
332:
showing its iridescent blue color and horn on the head
1040:
198:. Males of several species occur in two distinct
1283:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
8:
837:
835:
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871:
833:
831:
829:
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823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
347:, which often is considered its own species
256:Exceptions are two South American species,
1290:
1276:
1028:
973:"Rainbow scarab - Phanaeus vindex Macleay"
788:
786:
38:
27:
938:
859:
290:in appearance (no discrete morphs), like
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
782:
219:pair (female below right) at dung in
7:
1244:
1242:
300:" males that mate by stealth exist.
14:
1246:
1001:. University of Nebraska-Lincoln
354:includes the following species:
61:
842:Price, D.L.; May, M.L. (2009).
1:
1262:. You can help Knowledge by
1330:
1241:
18:
58:Scientific classification
56:
46:
37:
30:
927:Contributions in Science
861:10.21829/azm.2009.251621
227:Both adult and young of
848:Acta Zoológica Mexicana
1258:-related article is a
921:Edmonds, W.D. (1994).
899:10.5281/zenodo.5182095
348:
333:
319:
296:, small and hornless "
224:
1221:Paleobiology Database
756:Phanaeus viridicollis
727:Phanaeus triangularis
720:Phanaeus splendidulus
629:Phanaeus martinezorum
547:Phanaeus halffterorum
381:Phanaeus amethystinus
343:Phanaeus triangularis
339:
329:Phanaeus amethystinus
325:
311:
213:
763:Phanaeus yecoraensis
449:Phanaeus chalcomelas
428:Phanaeus blackalleri
221:Rosamond Gifford Zoo
699:Phanaeus quadridens
456:Phanaeus changdiazi
442:Phanaeus cambeforti
374:Phanaeus alvarengai
278:that appears to be
1314:Scarabaeidae stubs
977:Featured Creatures
798:- Rainbow Scarabs"
770:Phanaeus zapotecus
678:Phanaeus palliatus
657:Phanaeus mexicanus
650:Phanaeus melibaeus
643:Phanaeus meleagris
498:Phanaeus dionysius
491:Phanaeus difformis
414:Phanaeus beltianus
349:
334:
320:
268:, that are mostly
225:
216:Phanaeus difformis
21:Phanaeus (epithet)
1309:Phanaeus (beetle)
1271:
1270:
1236:
1235:
1208:Open Tree of Life
1034:Taxon identifiers
713:Phanaeus scutifer
685:Phanaeus prasinus
636:Phanaeus melampus
608:Phanaeus lecourti
533:Phanaeus furiosus
512:Phanaeus endymion
463:Phanaeus damocles
421:Phanaeus bispinus
398:Phanaeus antiquus
388:Phanaeus amithaon
360:Phanaeus achilles
176:true dung beetles
159:
158:
155:
1321:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1250:
1243:
1229:
1228:
1216:
1215:
1203:
1202:
1190:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1164:
1163:
1151:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
968:
953:
952:
942:
940:10.5962/p.208079
918:
903:
902:
881:
866:
865:
863:
839:
810:
809:
807:
805:
790:
751:- rainbow scarab
741:Phanaeus wagneri
734:Phanaeus tridens
671:Phanaeus palaeno
615:Phanaeus lunaris
592:Phanaeus labreae
568:Phanaeus howdeni
554:Phanaeus haroldi
540:Phanaeus genieri
519:Phanaeus eximius
477:Phanaeus dejeani
470:Phanaeus daphnis
435:Phanaeus bordoni
150:
66:
65:
42:
28:
16:Genus of beetles
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
970:
969:
956:
920:
919:
906:
883:
882:
869:
841:
840:
813:
803:
801:
792:
791:
784:
779:
748:Phanaeus vindex
706:Phanaeus sallei
692:Phanaeus pyrois
664:Phanaeus nimrod
582:Phanaeus kirbyi
575:Phanaeus igneus
561:Phanaeus hermes
526:Phanaeus flohri
505:Phanaeus dzidoi
367:Phanaeus adonis
315:Phanaeus adonis
306:
275:P. halffterorum
223:, United States
208:
168:rainbow scarabs
149:
60:
50:Phanaeus vindex
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1251:
1234:
1233:
1231:
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1217:
1204:
1191:
1178:
1165:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1077:
1062:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1012:
999:"Dung Beetles"
990:
954:
904:
893:(274): 1–108.
867:
811:
781:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
766:
759:
752:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
625:
622:Phanaeus malyi
618:
611:
604:
585:
578:
571:
564:
557:
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543:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
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494:
487:
484:Phanaeus demon
480:
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459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
391:
384:
377:
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305:
302:
231:are generally
207:
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178:in the family
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15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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932:
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917:
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887:Insecta Mundi
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331:
330:
324:
317:
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295:
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289:
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281:
280:mycetophagous
277:
276:
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260:
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238:
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59:
55:
52:
51:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1264:expanding it
1256:Scarabaeidae
1253:
1238:
1041:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
993:
981:. Retrieved
976:
930:
926:
890:
886:
851:
847:
802:. Retrieved
795:
768:
761:
754:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
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627:
620:
613:
606:
590:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
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433:
426:
419:
412:
396:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
350:
341:
327:
313:
293:P. difformis
291:
284:
273:
270:necrophagous
265:P. meleagris
263:
257:
255:
249:
245:
242:dung beetles
236:
233:coprophagous
228:
226:
214:
193:
180:Scarabaeidae
167:
162:
161:
160:
145:
144:
125:Scarabaeidae
48:
31:
25:
1156:iNaturalist
1066:Wikispecies
601:Pleistocene
407:Pleistocene
259:P. bispinus
1303:Categories
800:. BugGuide
777:References
115:Coleoptera
95:Arthropoda
1057:Q14890315
933:: 1–105.
599:species,
405:species,
188:temperate
135:Phanaeini
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
1104:BugGuide
1080:BioLib:
1072:Phanaeus
1051:Wikidata
1042:Phanaeus
949:90679530
796:Phanaeus
352:Phanaeus
345:texensis
288:clinally
250:Phanaeus
246:Phanaeus
237:Phanaeus
229:Phanaeus
206:Behavior
196:pronotum
184:tropical
163:Phanaeus
146:Phanaeus
121:Family:
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
32:Phanaeus
1213:1033891
1174:1451216
1148:1087491
1005:27 June
983:27 June
804:27 June
794:"Genus
304:Species
170:, is a
152:MacLeay
141:Genus:
131:Tribe:
111:Order:
105:Insecta
101:Class:
1226:208955
1200:206913
1187:187527
1096:153863
1083:465638
1020:Biolib
947:
597:fossil
403:fossil
298:sneaky
200:morphs
166:, the
154:, 1819
1254:This
1169:IRMNG
1161:83930
1135:14401
945:S2CID
854:(1).
340:Male
326:Male
312:Male
172:genus
47:male
1260:stub
1195:NCBI
1182:ITIS
1143:GBIF
1122:6MRP
1109:3846
1091:BOLD
1007:2023
985:2023
891:2012
806:2023
262:and
1130:EoL
1117:CoL
935:doi
931:443
895:doi
856:doi
186:to
174:of
1305::
1223::
1210::
1197::
1184::
1171::
1158::
1145::
1132::
1119::
1106::
1093::
1068::
1053::
975:.
957:^
943:.
929:.
925:.
907:^
889:.
870:^
852:25
850:.
846:.
814:^
785:^
282:.
1291:e
1284:t
1277:v
1266:.
1009:.
987:.
951:.
937::
901:.
897::
864:.
858::
808:.
603:)
595:(
588:†
409:)
401:(
394:†
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
