1550:, with territory size dependent upon food availability, though territories typically cover 3 to 10 hectares (7.4 to 24.7 acres). Because of their fast movement, individuals can easily defend their territories by traversing it within 5 minutes. Territory overlap is minimal between males, and the same pattern is seen in females, though males and females may overlap their territories. In areas where territory overlap occurs ("meeting areas"), several neighbors may gather and vocalize together without aggression. Multiple family groups may gather in these meeting areas, and females will often socialize with the other females and young. Unlike other lemurs, fork-marked lemurs do not scent-mark, and instead use vocalizations during territorial confrontations. They are considered very vocal animals, and have a complex range of calls. On average, males make approximately 30 loud calls per hour, and are most vocal at dusk and dawn. Their high-pitched, whistling calls help researchers identify them in the field. As well as their stress call and fighting call, they emit a
1527:
1240:
256:
1468:
1279:(underside) fur can be yellow, cream, white, or pale brown. A black stripe extends from the tail, along the dorsal midline to the head, where it forks at the top of the head in a distinguishing Y-shape leading to the dark rings around both eyes, and sometimes extends down the snout. The dorsal stripe varies in width and darkness. The base of the tail is the same color as the dorsal fur and is usually tipped in black; the tail is bushy. The lemurs' ears are relatively large and membranous. Males have a
1683:
42:
1322:
5961:
93:
5383:
1586:(allogrooming), the male allomarks females using a scent gland on the throat, and grooming sessions can last several minutes. While feeding, females appear to be dominant, gaining first access to food. Females are also dominant over non-resident males, indicating true female dominance, comparable to that seen in the
605:). In 2001, Groves elevated all four subspecies to species status based on noticeable color, size, and body proportion differences between the fragmented populations. Although Tattersall disagreed with this promotion, citing inadequate information for the decision, the arrangement is generally accepted.
708:
also uncovered other names, such as "fork-lined lemur" and "squirrel lemur", during the early 1900s. By the 1970s, reference to dwarf and mouse lemurs had ended, and the "fork-crowned" prefix became popular between 1960 and 2001. Since then, the "fork-marked" prefix has become more widely used. These
1518:
Fork-marked lemurs are sensitive to light intensity, and emerge at twilight, calling numerous times and answering their neighbors' calls before going off to forage. Just before dawn, they also communicate again on their way to their sleep site. Cold temperatures can also cause individuals to retire
1632:
that burrow beneath the bark. Fork-marked lemurs either consume the gum as it seeps from cracks in the bark of parasitized trees or gouge open the bark with their toothcomb to scoop it up directly with their long tongue. Between March and May, gums compose the majority of the diet. They have also
1514:
across branches at high speed over long distances, leaping from tree to tree without pausing. They have been seen on the ground (typically during chases following fights) and as high as 10 m (33 ft), but they are typically seen running along branches at a height of 3 to 4 m (9.8 to
624:
in northeast
Madagascar. In October, a specimen was observed, captured, and released, although genetic tests have yet to determine if it is a new species. The specimen demonstrated a slightly different color pattern from other fork-marked lemur species. If shown to be a new species, they plan to
1597:
Mating has been observed to take place at the end of the dry season, in early
November, and births were inferred between late February and early March. Only one infant is born per season, despite females having two pairs of nipples. Infants are initially parked in unguarded tree holes while the
1581:
and solitary behavior has also been observed. At
Kirindy Forest, pairs were observed staying together for multiple seasons, though they were only seen foraging alone, with most interactions resulting from conflicts over feeding sites. Nest sharing among pairs occurs one out of every three days.
671:, which premiered in London on 19 November 1870, nearly one and a half weeks prior to the date written on the preface of Gray's manuscript (also published in London). The comedy featured characters bearing three names: King Phanor (sic), Mirza, and Azema. Since the genera
346:, where they are found only in the west, north, and east sides of the island. They are named for the two black stripes which run up from the eyes, converge on the top of the head, and run down the back as a single black stripe. They were originally placed in the
1875:
as of 1973. This strictly regulates their trade and forbids commercial trade. Although enforcement is patchy, they are also protected under
Malagasy law. Fork-marked lemurs are rarely kept in captivity, and their captive lifespan can range from 12 to 25 years.
1736:. Hunting usually occurs later at night, following gum collection, and typically happens in the canopy or on tree trunks. Insects are captured by rapidly grasping them with the hands, a stereotypic behavior seen in other members of their family, as well as
661:) meaning "visible, evident". In 2012, Alex Dunkel, Jelle Zijlstra, and Groves attempted to solve the mystery. Following some initial speculation, a search of the general literature published around 1870 revealed the source: the British comedy
1268:. Their body weight ranges between 350 and 500 g (0.77 and 1.10 lb), and their head-body length averages between 23.7 and 27.2 cm (9.3 and 10.7 in), with a tail length between 31.9 and 40.1 cm (12.6 and 15.8 in).
3641:
1507:) during the day. Some of the abandoned nests they sleep in are leaf-lined, and fresh leaves are often added when young are born. As many as 30 sleeping sites may be used over the course of a year, each for a variable length of time.
1199:) following the initial split between the families. A study published in 2013 also grouped fork-marked lemurs with sportive lemurs when it used 43 morphological traits and mtDNA. If correct, this would make the family Cheirogaleidae
1863:
vary widely, from 50 to 550 individuals per square kilometer (250 acres), but these numbers are thought to reflect only small, gum-rich areas, and therefore only small, clustered populations with an overall low population density.
1290:
These lemurs have relatively long hindlegs. For gripping tree trunks and large branches, they have large hands and feet with extended pads on the digits, as well as claw-like nails. They have a long tongue which assists obtaining the
1385:, and the buccal cingulum (a crest or ridge on the cheek side) is well developed on all three upper molars. The molars are relatively small compared to other cheirogaleids, with the second upper and lower molars (M and M
1868:
572:
Until the late 20th century, there was only one recognized species of fork-marked lemur, although size and coloration differences had been noted previously. After comparing museum specimens, paleoanthropologist
1515:
13.1 ft). While running, they can leap 4 to 5 m (13 to 16 ft) horizontally between tree branches without losing height or as much as 10 m (33 ft) while falling a short distance.
1675:, and very small amounts of fruit. Although fork-marked lemurs have widely varied forest habitat, gum and other plant exudates of other species are likely to dominate their diet. They are not known to
1779:
at
Kirindy Forest found up to a 20% drop in body mass during the dry season despite no changes in exudate production, indicating flowers and insects have a significant impact on the species' health.
1287:, which is approximately 20 mm (0.79 in) wide and pink in color. Females have a narrow, bare patch of white skin in the same location, but theirs does not appear to produce secretions.
1381:) is caniniform and large, while the cingulids (ridges) on the three lower premolars are more developed compared to most other cheirogaleids. The first two upper molars (M) have a developed
1357:—a total of 36 teeth. Their upper first incisor (I) is long and curved towards the middle of the mouth (unique among lemurs), while the second upper incisor (I) is small with a gap (
693:) were both described in the same publication and equally enigmatic, the authors concluded that Gray had seen the comedy and then based the names of three lemur genera on its characters.
1740:. The exudates of several tree species they are known to feed on are high in protein, so some fork-marked lemurs may meet their protein requirements without preying on insects.
2326:
1598:
mother forages. Older infants have not been observed clinging to the mother, and as they get older, they are parked in vegetation until they can move independently. Females
375:) was recognized, until three subspecies described in 1991 were promoted to species status in 2001. New species may yet be identified, particularly in northeast Madagascar.
1602:
for two years following the birth of the young. The offspring may remain under the care of their parents for three years or more, and there is no information about their
402:, not for marking territory. Instead, they are very vocal, making repeated calls at the beginning and end of the night. Like the other members of their family, they are
1871:. This prohibited hunting and capture without authorization, which would only be given for scientific purposes or the national interest. They were also protected under
1369:
that contacts the lingual cingulum (a crest or ridge on the tongue side), which circles the base of the tooth. The two cusps on the last upper premolar (P) are a large
3026:
Louis, E. E.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Randrianambinina, B.; Randriatahina, G.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Wilmet, L.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Volampeno, S.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020).
6124:
1365:
premolars (P) are caniniform (canine-shaped) and more pronounced than in any other living lemur. The next upper premolar (P) is very small, with a single, pointed
3429:
1848:
1425:
414:
6163:
1444:, though this has not been confirmed. A team led by E. E. Louis Jr. has suggested that undescribed varieties may also exist elsewhere on the island.
4045:
3941:"Concatenation and concordance in the reconstruction of mouse lemur phylogeny: An empirical demonstration of the effect of allele sampling in phylogenetics"
3141:. In Charles-Dominique, P.; Cooper, H.M.; Hladik, A.; Hladik, C.M.; Pages, E.; Pariente, G.F.; Petter-Rousseaux, A.; Schilling, A.; Petter, J.J. (eds.).
1526:
1436:, but not in areas lacking continuous forest cover. They are most common in the west of the island. Fork-marked lemurs are not found in the southern
6098:
1755:, such as using only the highest sleeping sites at least 8 m (26 ft) above the ground. Competition with other cheirogaleids, such as the
6227:
6137:
4628:
2300:
1219:
relationship between fork-marked lemurs and the rest of the cheirogaleids and a more distant relationship with sportive lemurs. The split between
3850:
3719:
3601:
3562:
3437:
3333:
3289:
3115:
1424:
Fork-marked lemurs are found in the west, north, and east of
Madagascar, but their distribution is discontinuous. Their habitat ranges from
1195:
grouped fork-marked lemurs with sportive lemurs (family
Lepilemuridae), offering a host of explanations, such as a possible hybridization (
3877:
3785:
3472:
1451:
in the northeast of the island, while the Amber
Mountain fork-marked lemur is located in the far north of the island, particularly at
466:
204:
410:
is typical for fork-marked lemurs, and females are dominant. Females are thought to have only one offspring every two years or more.
3921:
3752:
3367:
3154:
1318:) is long and more compressed, with significantly reduced interdental spaces to minimize the accumulation of gum between the teeth.
2322:
4580:
4038:
3228:
598:
243:
649:
attempted to document the etymologies of all mammalian taxa, but could not definitively explain the origins of the generic name
4571:
4480:
4182:
3945:
1764:
1487:
Fork-marked lemurs are among the least studied of all lemurs, and little is known about them. Only the pale fork-marked lemur (
590:
236:
6155:
5960:
3589:
3325:
498:
6142:
4241:
4358:
4376:
4155:
1452:
1362:
1276:
1272:
391:
6150:
6059:
4621:
4448:
4031:
3711:
3549:
2166:
3311:
6168:
4489:
4331:
3744:
3619:
3611:
3554:
613:
4553:
4277:
3842:
1797:
1792:
1748:
1440:
in the dry southern part of the island, and only recently have been reported from the southeastern rainforest at
554:
474:
371:
222:
198:
4403:
4295:
3178:
1441:
1437:
378:
Fork-marked lemurs are among the least studied of all lemurs and are some of the largest members of the family
92:
4322:
4268:
4232:
1867:
As with all lemurs, fork-marked lemurs were first protected in 1969 when they were listed as "Class A" of the
1651:
1523:
creates a unique pattern among lemurs because they tend to bob their heads up and down and from side to side.
5754:
4521:
4504:
4430:
4340:
4164:
4146:
3359:
1824:
1687:
1578:
1177:
832:
646:
5999:
5461:
4614:
4562:
4313:
4304:
4200:
4191:
4128:
4119:
1816:
1333:(upper jaw), which are parallel and do not converge towards the front of the mouth. The fork-marked lemur
582:
229:
49:
6064:
1499:. Like the other cheirogaleids, these lemurs are nocturnal, sleeping in tree hollows (typically in large
6189:
4794:
4421:
4250:
1396:
compared to other lemurs, and their canine teeth are the same size as those seen in females. During the
1165:
4286:
2292:
1775:
gum during the dry season, but fork-marked lemurs always drive the other lemur species off. Studies of
1661:
1325:
Fork-marked lemurs are distinguished by the dorsal black stripe that forks on the crown of their head.
1239:
6085:
6046:
5509:
5475:
5382:
4367:
4349:
4014:
3650:
3544:
3187:
1603:
1169:
558:
1168:
along with how it enters the skull—a trait which is shared by fork-marked lemurs. Analyses based on
5614:
4173:
4137:
3991:
3805:
3540:
3499:
3398:
1856:
1492:
1409:
1204:
1184:, while studies in 2001 and 2008 either lacked data or yielded poor resolution of their placement.
663:
617:
609:
470:
450:
407:
62:
5529:
5441:
5074:
4817:
1160:
distinct, although their placement remained uncertain until recently. One uniting characteristic (
489:
is thought to be MNHN 1834-136, a female specimen taken from
Madagascar by French naturalist
5039:
4259:
4001:
3896:
2092:
2088:
2045:
2041:
1998:
1994:
1951:
1947:
1860:
1852:
1808:
1641:
1620:
1547:
1228:
642:
490:
446:
87:
6194:
3492:"Seeing the wood through the trees: The current state of higher systematics in the Strepsirhini"
3236:
1892:
5584:
5547:
5519:
5260:
3593:
394:
forked stripe, they have dark rings around their eyes, and large membranous ears. Males have a
6176:
6129:
6072:
5941:
5816:
5775:
4896:
4463:
4439:
4412:
4394:
3972:
3927:
3917:
3856:
3846:
3822:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3758:
3748:
3725:
3715:
3703:
3678:
3623:
3597:
3568:
3558:
3528:
3478:
3468:
3443:
3433:
3373:
3363:
3339:
3329:
3295:
3285:
3245:
3215:
3160:
3150:
3121:
3111:
1839:) has also been seen attacking fork-marked lemurs, and remains have been found in their scat.
1587:
1531:
1495:, and Georges Pariente during two expeditions in the 1970s and a more extensive 1998 study in
1448:
1401:
1188:
859:
685:
676:
534:
347:
3738:
626:
6181:
5628:
4385:
3962:
3954:
3913:
3886:
3814:
3668:
3658:
3518:
3508:
3407:
3319:
3205:
3195:
1756:
1752:
1456:
1433:
1405:
1248:
1212:
697:
518:
366:
181:
1682:
6222:
5982:
5934:
5537:
5468:
5181:
4824:
4810:
4596:
4023:
3939:
Weisrock, D.W.; Smith, S.D.; Chan, L.M.; Biebouw, K.; Kappeler, P.M.; Yoder, A.D. (2012).
3271:
1583:
1520:
1480:
1208:
399:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
620:
announced the possibility of a new species of fork-marked lemur in the protected area of
561:, and others resurrected the name, citing characteristics that were intermediate between
3654:
3191:
3174:"Estimating the phylogeny and divergence times of primates using a supermatrix approach"
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
5745:
5723:
5703:
5639:
5502:
5485:
5312:
5291:
5253:
5012:
4712:
4055:
3967:
3940:
3868:
3834:
3777:
3582:
3464:
3389:
3281:
3210:
3173:
3146:
3107:
3049:
Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Salmona, J.; Hending, D.; Chikhi, L.; Cotton, S. (2020).
1832:
1783:
1511:
1496:
1467:
1366:
1349:; on each side of the mouth, top and bottom, there are two incisors, one canine, three
1153:
762:
749:
654:
574:
530:
422:
379:
164:
41:
3673:
3636:
3253:
3050:
3027:
3004:
2981:
1566:
call (a loud call shared between males in adjacent territories). Females also make a "
6216:
5920:
5863:
5604:
5211:
5126:
5085:
5026:
4917:
4889:
4845:
4831:
4695:
4682:
4637:
4091:
3420:
3315:
2069:
2022:
1975:
1928:
1855:. Before this assessment, it was assumed that their population was in decline due to
1671:
1666:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1354:
1196:
1164:) among all cheirogaleids, to the exclusion of other lemurs, is the branching of the
1157:
668:
383:
322:
154:
3900:
1361:) between the two. The upper canines are large, with their tips curved. Their upper
1321:
1223:
and the rest of the cheirogaleids is thought to have occurred approximately 38
6077:
6037:
5883:
5856:
5847:
5833:
5809:
5400:
5354:
5053:
5046:
4882:
4759:
4736:
3803:
Szalay, F.S.; Seligsohn, D. (1977). "Why did the strepsirhine tooth comb evolve?".
3385:
3351:
3307:
1804:
1510:
At night, fork-marked lemurs visit the feeding sites within their range by running
1315:
1304:
1257:
1216:
1161:
1135:
701:
578:
494:
403:
387:
190:
3229:"Giant rabbits, marmosets, and British comedies: etymology of lemur names, part 1"
641:
puzzled researchers for many years. Gray often created mysterious and unexplained
3456:
3275:
3134:
3101:
6111:
6031:
5977:
5911:
5768:
5761:
5713:
5662:
5574:
5225:
5163:
5149:
5094:
5067:
4996:
4982:
4975:
4954:
4924:
4910:
4780:
4722:
4215:
4102:
1723:
1676:
1476:
1292:
1280:
1192:
879:
805:
710:
514:
506:
426:
395:
361:
355:
6051:
6022:
1606:
at maturity. Females have not been observed giving birth in consecutive years.
1459:
in the northwest, and the pale fork-marked lemur is in the west of the island.
255:
5826:
5802:
5648:
5621:
5413:
5343:
5321:
5246:
5204:
5156:
5135:
4968:
4961:
4861:
4803:
4766:
2419:
2417:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2060:
2013:
1966:
1919:
1801:
1728:
1719:
1635:
1625:
1429:
1397:
1284:
1173:
418:
343:
3795:
3627:
3572:
3482:
3299:
3249:
3164:
3125:
5927:
5874:
5793:
5558:
5430:
5328:
5282:
5267:
5239:
5232:
5218:
5197:
5190:
5142:
5108:
5005:
4773:
4752:
3958:
3931:
3762:
3729:
3663:
3491:
3447:
3377:
3343:
3200:
1782:
Fork-marked lemurs are thought to be preyed upon by large owls, such as the
1703:
1690:
may prey on fork-marked lemurs by extracting them from their sleeping holes.
1615:
1599:
1500:
1334:
1329:
The genus is distinguished from other cheirogaleids by the toothrows on its
1307:
1200:
700:
in 1894 and "fork-crowned mouse lemur" by
English missionary and naturalist
442:
104:
3976:
3910:
Longevity of mammals in captivity; from the living collections of the world
3860:
3682:
3532:
3219:
2980:
Louis, E. E.; Randriamampoinana, R.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M. (2020).
2363:
2361:
2359:
1491:) has been studied relatively well, primarily by Pierre Charles-Dominique,
1343:
1340:
6016:
5734:
5495:
5336:
5115:
4938:
4903:
4868:
4854:
4655:
4073:
3826:
1744:
1699:
1393:
1358:
1350:
537:
accepted Gray's new genus (while also lumping the other cheirogaleids in
486:
438:
124:
2843:
2841:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2346:
2344:
6103:
5696:
5298:
5101:
5060:
4875:
4745:
4667:
4085:
3891:
3872:
3523:
1733:
1695:
1646:
1330:
1311:
621:
434:
430:
326:
144:
3818:
3513:
3411:
1869:
African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
1231:
of most of the major lemur groups on Madagascar, roughly 43 mya.
17:
6116:
5897:
5452:
4947:
4661:
4649:
4079:
4067:
3740:
Primate Dentition: An Introduction to the Teeth of Non-human Primates
1737:
1711:
1574:
1413:
1300:
1296:
1275:(back) fur is either light brown or light grayish-brown, while their
453:. Like all lemurs, they are protected against commercial trade under
134:
114:
5993:
629:, a key conservation organization working in that protected forest.
382:, weighing around 350 grams (12 oz) or more. They are the most
2734:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2492:
2150:
1562:
calls (more excited contact calls that identify the caller), and a
525:, after initially including them and the mouse lemurs in the genus
5890:
5682:
5655:
5595:
1872:
1681:
1629:
1525:
1466:
1389:) having reduced functionality compared to those of mouse lemurs.
1320:
1238:
542:
454:
339:
330:
77:
71:
3321:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1142:
2012) or more closely related to sportive lemurs (bottom—Masters
4606:
3873:"Madagascar's Lemurs: Cryptic diversity or taxonomic inflation?"
1831:) suggests it might extract them from their sleeping holes. The
1715:
1538:(middle column, bottom two) and the cheirogaleids, particularly
1519:
to their sleeping site as early as two hours before dawn. Their
5997:
5398:
4680:
4610:
4027:
2325:(Press release). Conservation International. 13 December 2010.
1859:
for the creation of pasture and agriculture. Measures of their
413:
These species live in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from
6090:
3143:
Nocturnal Malagasy Primates: Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior
1224:
3490:
Masters, J.C.; Silvestro, D.; Génin, F.; DelPero, M. (2013).
3172:
Chatterjee, H.J.; Ho, S.Y.W.; Barnes, I.; Groves, C. (2009).
2194:
2192:
1823:) hunt these lemurs at dusk, and the hunting behavior of the
1751:
is reduced by restricting activity to specific levels of the
1412:
and female dominance respectively. Females have two pairs of
1303:, which helps digest gums. Their procumbent (forward-facing)
696:
Fork-marked lemurs were called "fork-marked dwarf lemurs" by
3422:
Lemurs of Madagascar and the Comoros: The IUCN Red Data Book
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2620:
2618:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2435:
2423:
2379:
2222:
1618:. Their diet consists mainly of gum from trees in the genus
493:. The source of this specimen is unknown, but thought to be
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2653:
2323:"New lemur: big feet, long tongue and the size of squirrel"
2179:
2177:
2175:
3392:(1991). "Geographical variation in the fork-marked lemur,
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
3637:"Primate jumping genes elucidate strepsirrhine phylogeny"
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
1796:). In one case, a family of fork-marked lemurs exhibited
1377:. Like other cheirogaleids, their first lower premolar (P
3616:
Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy I—Strepsirhini
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2396:
2367:
2967:
2955:
2943:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2772:
2578:
2547:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
425:
across branches. Their diet consists primarily of tree
2828:
2826:
1614:
These lemurs have a specialized diet of tree gums and
1400:, females can weigh more than males. Both patterns of
3547:; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010).
5908:
5844:
5822:
5730:
5719:
5709:
5610:
5580:
5570:
5543:
5525:
5515:
5491:
5481:
5437:
5426:
5309:
5279:
5178:
5023:
4993:
4935:
4842:
4791:
4733:
4718:
4708:
3878:
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
2350:
465:
Fork-marked lemurs were first documented in 1839 by
406:, and sleep in tree holes and nests during the day.
6006:
5907:
5873:
5843:
5792:
5744:
5680:
5638:
5594:
5557:
5451:
5411:
5353:
5308:
5278:
5177:
5125:
5084:
5022:
4992:
4934:
4841:
4790:
4732:
4693:
4534:
4502:
4461:
4213:
4100:
3227:Dunkel, A.R.; Zijlstra, J.S.; Groves, C.P. (2012).
2447:
509:), but they were also commonly listed in the genus
3581:
1503:) or abandoned nests built by giant mouse lemurs (
713:from the distinctive forked stripe on their head.
3618:. Edinburgh Univ Pubs Science & Maths, No 3.
1665:flowers, the sugary excretions from bugs (family
1264:contains some of the largest species, along with
2246:
1747:with fork-marked lemurs. In western Madagascar,
521:assigned fork-marked lemurs to their own genus,
386:distinct of the cheirogaleids, and considered a
2590:
2293:"New species of lemur discovered in Madagascar"
1679:or accumulate fat reserves for the dry season.
1624:(known locally as "Talinala"), which are often
1554:call (contact call between male-female pairs),
1455:. Pariente's fork-marked lemur is found in the
2931:
1849:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1573:Males and females have been seen sleeping and
1447:The Masoala fork-marked lemur is found on the
1246:, first described in 1839, was illustrated in
4622:
4039:
4017:– Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica)
1432:in the east. They are also commonly found in
1215:phylogenetic tests—gave strong support for a
581:recognized three new subspecies in 1991: the
553:was not widely accepted. In the early 1930s,
8:
3635:Roos, C.; Schmitz, J.; Zischler, H. (2004).
3133:Charles-Dominique, P.; Petter, J.J. (1980).
2408:
2198:
1479:on their throat, which they only use during
390:to the rest of the family. Aside from their
3553:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.).
1800:when they encountered a Malagasy tree boa.
1260:lemurs in family Cheirogaleidae, the genus
5994:
5688:
5563:
5419:
5408:
5395:
5031:
4701:
4690:
4677:
4629:
4615:
4607:
4046:
4032:
4024:
3912:. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe. Vol. 48.
2504:
2480:
2279:
2234:
2210:
2183:
2059:Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2012).
2012:Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2012).
1965:Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2012).
1918:Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2012).
1790:), and snakes like the Malagasy tree boa (
501:moved the fork-marked lemurs to the genus
449:. Their populations are in decline due to
254:
40:
31:
4015:Plate with skull used by Blainville, 1839
3966:
3890:
3672:
3662:
3522:
3512:
3419:Harcourt, C. (1990). Thornback, J (ed.).
3209:
3199:
3053:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3030:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3007:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2984:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3459:. In Doyle, G. A.; Martin, R.D. (eds.).
2686:
2624:
2609:
1227:(million years ago), not long after the
398:on their throat, but only use it during
353:in 1839, later moved between the genera
2817:
2753:
2657:
2535:
1884:
1577:together as monogamous pairs, although
1180:have given contradictory placements of
704:in 1895. Literature searches by Dunkel
653:, noting only that it derived from the
545:similarities between cheirogaleids and
433:, though they may obtain some of their
365:, and given their own genus in 1870 by
2267:
2162:
1534:demonstrated the similarities between
1428:on the western coast of the island to
3455:Klopfer, P.H.; Boskoff, K.J. (1979).
3083:
3071:
2832:
2329:from the original on 13 December 2014
2303:from the original on 15 December 2014
445:later at night. All four species are
7:
3773:Evolutionary History of the Primates
1138:within Cheirogaleidae (top—Weisrock
2968:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2956:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2944:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2920:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2908:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2896:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2884:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2872:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2860:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2848:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2773:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2579:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2548:Charles-Dominique & Petter 1980
2070:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2023:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1976:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1929:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1669:) which feed on trees of the genus
1211:analysis and another in 2012 using
1057:
1034:
1011:
957:
950:
943:
848:
821:
794:
769:
737:
730:
4581:Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur (
2351:Dunkel, Zijlstra & Groves 2012
1851:(IUCN) listed all four species as
1404:are consistent with the theory of
1156:, fork-marked lemurs are the most
467:Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
25:
4129:Southern fat-tailed dwarf lemur (
3770:Szalay, F.S.; Delson, E. (1980).
3708:The Natural History of Madagascar
3457:"Maternal behavior in prosimians"
2448:Roos, Schmitz & Zischler 2004
1633:been documented eating gums from
5959:
5381:
3277:Primate Adaptation and Evolution
1134:Fork-marked lemurs are either a
599:Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur
91:
3998:– Biodiversity Heritage Library
3946:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3461:The Study of Prosimian Behavior
2495:, pp. 218, 226, & 228.
1702:, these lemurs also hunt small
1570:" call when they have infants.
6228:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
4572:Pariente's fork-marked lemur (
4481:Coquerel's giant mouse lemur (
4183:Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur (
4156:Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur (
3590:Johns Hopkins University Press
3326:Johns Hopkins University Press
1203:. Broad agreement between two
533:). Although French naturalist
499:Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
1:
4449:Northern Rufous mouse lemur (
4242:Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (
4008:– HathiTrust Digital Library
3584:Walker's Mammals of the World
3396:(Primates, Cheirogaleidae)".
603:P. f. electromontis
4490:Northern giant mouse lemur (
4359:Margot Marsh's mouse lemur (
3318:; Reeder, D. M (eds.).
3135:"Ecology and social life of
2247:Groves & Tattersall 1991
1893:"Checklist of CITES Species"
1765:Coquerel's giant mouse lemur
1453:Amber Mountain National Park
1392:Males have relatively small
616:and conservation geneticist
591:Pariente's fork-marked lemur
577:and physical anthropologist
27:Genus of Madagascan primates
4554:Masoala fork-marked lemur (
4377:Mittermeier's mouse lemur (
3712:University of Chicago Press
2593:, pp. 77–78, & 80.
2591:Szalay & Seligsohn 1977
1743:Other nocturnal lemurs are
637:The etymology of the genus
6244:
4404:Golden-brown mouse lemur (
4296:Reddish-gray mouse lemur (
3839:The Primates of Madagascar
3745:Cambridge University Press
3620:Edinburgh University Press
3555:Conservation International
2932:Klopfer & Boskoff 1979
1726:, larva of the moth genus
1207:studies—one in 2004 using
1044:(hairy-eared dwarf lemur)
614:Conservation International
587:P. f. pallescens
5972:
5957:
5691:
5566:
5422:
5407:
5394:
5379:
5034:
4704:
4689:
4676:
4644:
4593:
4522:Hairy-eared dwarf lemur (
4332:MacArthur's mouse lemur (
4147:Furry-eared dwarf lemur (
4062:
4054:Extant species of family
3843:Columbia University Press
3706:; Benstead, J.P. (eds.).
3100:Ankel-Simons, F. (2007).
1793:Sanzinia madagascariensis
1749:interspecific competition
1655:, sap from baobab trees (
1187:A study in 2009 of seven
1078:
1062:
1055:
1039:
1032:
1016:
1009:
984:
962:
955:
948:
873:
853:
846:
826:
819:
799:
792:
774:
767:
743:
735:
475:Masoala fork-marked lemur
262:
253:
217:
212:
196:
189:
88:Scientific classification
86:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
4563:Pale fork-marked lemur (
4278:Ganzhorn's mouse lemur (
4120:Fat-tailed dwarf lemur (
4002:Original description of
3992:Original description of
3430:World Conservation Union
3179:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2199:Szalay & Delson 1980
1821:Aviceda madagascariensis
1698:requirements and obtain
1652:Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa
1442:Andohahela National Park
1420:Distribution and habitat
595:P. f. parienti
4422:Sambirano mouse lemur (
4323:Goodman's mouse lemur (
4251:Bongolava mouse lemur (
4233:Arnhold's mouse lemur (
3737:Swindler, D.R. (2002).
3664:10.1073/pnas.0403852101
3201:10.1186/1471-2148-9-259
2898:, pp. 86 & 93.
2735:Mittermeier et al. 2010
2723:Mittermeier et al. 2010
2711:Mittermeier et al. 2010
2699:Mittermeier et al. 2010
2493:Mittermeier et al. 2010
2151:Mittermeier et al. 2010
1825:Madagascar harrier-hawk
1771:), is most intense for
1688:Madagascar harrier-hawk
1283:on the middle of their
833:hairy-eared dwarf lemur
647:Theodore Sherman Palmer
608:In December 2010,
4431:Simmons' mouse lemur (
4368:Marohita mouse lemur (
4350:Bemanasy mouse lemur (
4341:Claire's mouse lemur (
4269:Danfoss' mouse lemur (
4165:Sibree's dwarf lemur (
3714:. pp. 1318–1320.
3051:"Phaner electromontis"
3003:Borgerson, C. (2020).
2397:Chatterjee et al. 2009
1817:Madagascar cuckoo-hawk
1691:
1659:species), nectar from
1543:
1484:
1326:
1253:
724:Competing phylogenies
583:Pale fork-marked lemur
50:Pale fork-marked lemur
6190:Paleobiology Database
4314:Jonah's mouse lemur (
4305:Jolly's mouse lemur (
4201:Thomas' dwarf lemur (
4192:Groves' dwarf lemur (
4174:Lavasoa dwarf lemur (
4138:Greater dwarf lemur (
3959:10.1093/molbev/mss008
3694:, Fork-marked Lemur,
3690:Schülke, O. (2003). "
2910:, pp. 83–84, 86.
1829:Polyboroides radiatus
1788:Asio madagascariensis
1685:
1529:
1470:
1426:dry deciduous forests
1324:
1310:(formed by the lower
1256:Of the mostly small,
1242:
1067:(giant mouse lemurs)
549:) in 1897, the genus
541:and illustrating the
415:dry deciduous forests
342:, they are native to
306:P. electromontis
4544:(Fork-marked lemurs)
4471:(Giant mouse lemurs)
4287:Gerp's mouse lemur (
4260:Boraha mouse lemur (
3580:Nowak, R.M. (1999).
3550:Lemurs of Madagascar
3467:. pp. 123–157.
2368:Weisrock et al. 2012
2299:. 13 December 2010.
2063:Phaner electromontis
1471:Males, such as this
1299:, as well as a long
1271:Fork-marked lemurs'
780:(fork-marked lemurs)
741:Lepilemuridae
689:, now a synonym for
559:Guillaume Grandidier
369:. Only one species (
244:Phaner electromontis
5912:Palaeopropithecidae
4440:Anosy mouse lemur (
4413:Brown mouse lemur (
4395:Pygmy mouse lemur (
4006:by Blainville, 1839
3806:Folia Primatologica
3655:2004PNAS..10110650R
3649:(29): 10650–10654.
3500:Folia Primatologica
3399:Folia Primatologica
3192:2009BMCEE...9..259C
3005:"Phaner pallescens"
2934:, pp. 136–137.
2737:, pp. 218–223.
2725:, pp. 226–227.
2713:, pp. 228–229.
2701:, pp. 216–217.
2507:, pp. 131–132.
2460:Masters et al. 2013
2438:, pp. 203–204.
2436:Masters et al. 2013
2424:Masters et al. 2013
2380:Masters et al. 2013
2225:, pp. 214–215.
2223:Masters et al. 2013
2153:, pp. 211–212.
1857:habitat destruction
1493:Jean-Jacques Petter
1189:mitochondrial genes
664:The Palace of Truth
618:Edward E. Louis Jr.
610:Russell Mittermeier
451:habitat destruction
325:primates; the four
319:fork-crowned lemurs
63:Conservation status
4795:Ekgmowechashalidae
4386:Gray mouse lemur (
3996:by J.E. Gray, 1870
3908:Weigl, R. (2005).
3892:10.1002/evan.20126
3316:Wilson, D. E.
3308:Groves, C. P.
3149:. pp. 75–95.
2399:, p. 5 of 19.
2091:}}: old-form url (
2044:}}: old-form url (
1997:}}: old-form url (
1950:}}: old-form url (
1861:population density
1837:Cryptoprocta ferox
1813:Buteo brachypterus
1809:Madagascar buzzard
1777:P. pallescens
1761:Microcebus murinus
1692:
1642:Colvillea racemosa
1544:
1489:P. pallescens
1485:
1473:P. pallescens
1410:monogamous species
1327:
1254:
1191:(mtDNA) and three
1152:Within the family
989:(sportive lemurs)
971:fork-marked lemurs
860:giant mouse lemurs
677:giant mouse lemurs
408:Monogamous pairing
315:Fork-marked lemurs
286:P. pallescens
54:P. pallescens
35:Fork-marked lemur
6205:
6204:
6177:Open Tree of Life
6000:Taxon identifiers
5991:
5990:
5968:
5967:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5942:Palaeopropithecus
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5390:
5389:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5173:
5172:
4604:
4603:
4547:
4515:
4474:
4226:
4113:
3852:978-0-231-04704-3
3819:10.1159/000155778
3721:978-0-226-30306-2
3603:978-0-8018-5789-8
3564:978-1-934151-23-5
3541:Mittermeier, R.A.
3514:10.1159/000353179
3439:978-2-88032-957-0
3412:10.1159/000156526
3335:978-0-8018-8221-0
3291:978-0-12-378632-6
3117:978-0-12-372576-9
3028:"Phaner parienti"
2982:"Phaner furcifer"
2922:, pp. 85–86.
2886:, pp. 81–83.
2874:, pp. 84–85.
2862:, pp. 88–90.
2689:, pp. 67–69.
2627:, pp. 75–76.
2409:Ankel-Simons 2007
2353:, pp. 66–67.
1969:Phaner pallescens
1710:strongly favored
1588:ring-tailed lemur
1546:These lemurs are
1532:Alfred Grandidier
1449:Masoala Peninsula
1402:sexual dimorphism
1150:
1149:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1091:
998:
997:
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
709:lemurs get their
535:Alfred Grandidier
441:by hunting small
312:
311:
230:Phaner pallescens
185:
81:
16:(Redirected from
6235:
6198:
6197:
6185:
6184:
6172:
6171:
6159:
6158:
6146:
6145:
6133:
6132:
6120:
6119:
6107:
6106:
6094:
6093:
6081:
6080:
6068:
6067:
6055:
6054:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6027:
6026:
6025:
5995:
5963:
5910:
5848:Archaeolemuridae
5846:
5824:
5732:
5721:
5711:
5689:
5629:Xanthonycticebus
5612:
5582:
5572:
5564:
5545:
5527:
5517:
5493:
5483:
5439:
5428:
5420:
5409:
5396:
5385:
5311:
5281:
5180:
5032:
5025:
4995:
4937:
4844:
4793:
4735:
4720:
4710:
4702:
4691:
4678:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4608:
4583:P. electromontis
4546:
4545:
4541:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4424:M. sambiranensis
4361:M. margotmarshae
4325:M. lehilahytsara
4253:M. bongolavensis
4225:
4224:
4220:
4131:C. adipicaudatus
4112:
4111:
4107:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4025:
4020:
4011:
4004:L. furcifer
3980:
3970:
3953:(6): 1615–1630.
3935:
3914:E. Schweizerbart
3904:
3894:
3864:
3830:
3799:
3766:
3733:
3686:
3676:
3666:
3631:
3612:Osman Hill, W.C.
3607:
3588:(6th ed.).
3587:
3576:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3507:(3–5): 201–219.
3496:
3486:
3451:
3427:
3415:
3381:
3356:Primate Taxonomy
3347:
3324:(3rd ed.).
3312:"Order Primates"
3303:
3280:(3rd ed.).
3267:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3252:. Archived from
3233:
3223:
3213:
3203:
3168:
3129:
3106:(3rd ed.).
3093:Literature cited
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2836:
2830:
2821:
2815:
2776:
2770:
2757:
2751:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2661:
2655:
2628:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:, p. 10653.
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2170:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1873:CITES Appendix I
1798:mobbing behavior
1757:gray mouse lemur
1712:preying mantises
1708:P. furcifer
1706:. In captivity,
1662:Crateva greveana
1457:Sambirano region
1434:secondary forest
1406:sexual selection
1348:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1249:Brehms Tierleben
1244:P. furcifer
1158:phylogenetically
1058:
1035:
1012:
958:
951:
944:
849:
822:
795:
770:
738:
731:
721:
720:
698:Henry Ogg Forbes
519:John Edward Gray
479:P. furcifer
455:CITES Appendix I
384:phylogenetically
367:John Edward Gray
302:
296:P. parienti
292:
282:
276:P. furcifer
272:
263:Distribution of
258:
180:
96:
95:
75:
44:
32:
21:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6201:
6193:
6188:
6180:
6175:
6167:
6162:
6154:
6149:
6141:
6136:
6128:
6123:
6115:
6110:
6102:
6097:
6089:
6084:
6076:
6071:
6063:
6058:
6050:
6045:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6002:
5992:
5987:
5983:Subfossil lemur
5964:
5947:
5935:Mesopropithecus
5903:
5869:
5839:
5788:
5740:
5685:
5668:
5634:
5590:
5553:
5447:
5416:
5403:
5386:
5369:
5349:
5304:
5274:
5182:Caenopithecidae
5169:
5121:
5080:
5018:
4988:
4930:
4837:
4825:Muangthanhinius
4811:Ekgmowechashala
4786:
4728:
4698:
4685:
4672:
4640:
4635:
4605:
4600:
4589:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4530:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4498:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4457:
4406:M. ravelobensis
4379:M. mittermeieri
4222:
4221:
4219:
4209:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4096:
4058:
4052:
4018:
4009:
3988:
3983:
3938:
3924:
3907:
3867:
3853:
3833:
3802:
3788:
3769:
3755:
3736:
3722:
3692:Phaner furcifer
3689:
3634:
3610:
3604:
3579:
3565:
3539:
3494:
3489:
3475:
3454:
3440:
3425:
3418:
3394:Phaner furcifer
3384:
3370:
3350:
3336:
3328:. p. 114.
3306:
3292:
3270:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3231:
3226:
3171:
3157:
3137:Phaner furcifer
3132:
3118:
3103:Primate Anatomy
3099:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2820:, p. 1319.
2816:
2779:
2771:
2760:
2756:, p. 1318.
2752:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2664:
2660:, p. 1320.
2656:
2631:
2623:
2616:
2608:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2511:
2505:Tattersall 1982
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2481:Tattersall 1982
2479:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2370:, p. 1626.
2366:
2357:
2349:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2280:Tattersall 2007
2278:
2274:
2266:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2235:Osman Hill 1953
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2211:Osman Hill 1953
2209:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2184:Tattersall 1982
2182:
2173:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2100:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2016:Phaner parienti
2011:
2010:
2006:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1922:Phaner furcifer
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1845:
1769:Mirza coquereli
1722:while ignoring
1612:
1584:social grooming
1505:Mirza coquereli
1481:social grooming
1465:
1422:
1388:
1380:
1339:
1338:
1237:
1205:lemur phylogeny
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1083:(mouse lemurs)
1021:(dwarf lemurs)
999:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
750:sportive lemurs
719:
643:taxonomic names
635:
531:sportive lemurs
463:
400:social grooming
372:Phaner furcifer
300:
298:
290:
288:
280:
278:
270:
249:
237:Phaner parienti
223:Phaner furcifer
208:
202:
179:
90:
82:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6241:
6239:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6215:
6214:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6186:
6173:
6160:
6147:
6134:
6121:
6108:
6095:
6082:
6069:
6056:
6043:
6028:
6012:
6010:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5916:
5914:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5860:
5852:
5850:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5830:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5798:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5750:
5748:
5746:Cheirogaleidae
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5724:Plesiopithecus
5717:
5707:
5700:
5692:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5644:
5642:
5640:Perodicticinae
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5608:
5600:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5541:
5534:
5523:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5489:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5423:
5417:
5412:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5317:
5315:
5313:Djebelemuridae
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5295:
5292:Algeripithecus
5287:
5285:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5257:
5254:Mescalerolemur
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5184:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5131:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5090:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5013:Marcgodinotius
5009:
5001:
4999:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4943:
4941:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4799:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4739:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4716:
4713:Plesiopithecus
4705:
4699:
4694:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4518:
4516:
4512:(mouse lemurs)
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4334:M. macarthurii
4329:
4320:
4311:
4302:
4298:M. griseorufus
4293:
4284:
4275:
4266:
4257:
4248:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4223:(mouse lemurs)
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4176:C. lavasoensis
4171:
4162:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4110:(dwarf lemurs)
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4056:Cheirogaleidae
4053:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4012:
3999:
3987:
3986:External links
3984:
3982:
3981:
3936:
3922:
3905:
3869:Tattersall, I.
3865:
3851:
3835:Tattersall, I.
3831:
3800:
3787:978-0126801507
3786:
3778:Academic Press
3767:
3753:
3734:
3720:
3687:
3632:
3608:
3602:
3577:
3563:
3537:
3487:
3474:978-0124123915
3473:
3465:Academic Press
3452:
3438:
3416:
3390:Tattersall, I.
3382:
3368:
3348:
3334:
3304:
3290:
3282:Academic Press
3268:
3224:
3169:
3155:
3147:Academic Press
3130:
3116:
3108:Academic Press
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3041:
3018:
2995:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2837:
2822:
2777:
2758:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2662:
2629:
2614:
2595:
2583:
2552:
2540:
2509:
2497:
2485:
2483:, p. 132.
2464:
2462:, p. 213.
2452:
2440:
2428:
2426:, p. 214.
2413:
2411:, p. 177.
2401:
2384:
2382:, p. 209.
2372:
2355:
2340:
2314:
2284:
2272:
2251:
2239:
2237:, p. 325.
2227:
2215:
2213:, p. 347.
2203:
2201:, p. 177.
2188:
2186:, p. 131.
2171:
2155:
2098:
2051:
2004:
1957:
1910:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1844:
1841:
1807:, such as the
1784:Madagascar owl
1718:of the family
1694:To meet their
1611:
1608:
1542:(middle, top).
1497:Kirindy Forest
1464:
1461:
1421:
1418:
1386:
1378:
1373:and a smaller
1335:dental formula
1236:
1233:
1178:repetitive DNA
1166:carotid artery
1154:Cheirogaleidae
1148:
1147:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
991:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
961:
956:
954:
949:
947:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
889:
888:
885:
884:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
852:
847:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
825:
820:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
798:
793:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
773:
768:
766:
763:Cheirogaleidae
759:
758:
755:
754:
742:
736:
734:
729:
726:
725:
718:
715:
634:
631:
625:name it after
575:Ian Tattersall
483:Lemur furcifer
462:
459:
380:Cheirogaleidae
310:
309:
260:
259:
251:
250:
248:
247:
240:
233:
226:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
203:
199:Lemur furcifer
194:
193:
187:
186:
172:
168:
167:
165:Cheirogaleidae
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6240:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6211:
6208:
6196:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6029:
6024:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5962:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5921:Archaeoindris
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5864:Hadropithecus
5861:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5679:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5615:Nycticeboides
5609:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5538:Sciurocheirus
5535:
5532:
5531:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5384:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5212:Caenopithecus
5209:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5127:Sivaladapinae
5124:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5086:Hoanghoniinae
5083:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Sivaladapidae
5021:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4918:Pronycticebus
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4890:Mazateronodon
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4846:Cercamoniidae
4840:
4834:
4833:
4832:Palaeohodites
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4696:Strepsirrhini
4692:
4688:
4684:
4683:Strepsirrhini
4679:
4675:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4638:Strepsirrhini
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4565:P. pallescens
4561:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4185:C. andysabini
4181:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4158:C. minusculus
4154:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4092:Strepsirrhini
4089:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3923:9783510613793
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3754:9781139431507
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3704:Goodman, S.M.
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3369:9781560988724
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3272:Fleagle, J.G.
3269:
3259:on 2016-11-06
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3156:9780323159715
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3086:, p. 44.
3085:
3080:
3077:
3074:, p. 71.
3073:
3068:
3065:
3052:
3045:
3042:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2970:, p. 80.
2969:
2964:
2961:
2958:, p. 77.
2957:
2952:
2949:
2946:, p. 93.
2945:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2850:, p. 88.
2849:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:, p. 70.
2834:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2775:, p. 81.
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2687:Harcourt 1990
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:Swindler 2002
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:, p. 73.
2611:
2610:Swindler 2002
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2581:, p. 78.
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2550:, p. 84.
2549:
2544:
2541:
2538:, p. 63.
2537:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2282:, p. 16.
2281:
2276:
2273:
2270:, p. 71.
2269:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2249:, p. 39.
2248:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:In 2020, the
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:Rhopalocarpus
1668:
1667:Machaerotidae
1664:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1512:quadrupedally
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:spiny forests
1435:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:introgression
1194:
1193:nuclear genes
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
994:
993:
990:
988:
982:
981:
978:
977:
974:
972:
968:
967:
960:
959:
953:
952:
946:
945:
941:
940:
932:
931:
923:
922:
914:
913:
905:
904:
896:
895:
887:
886:
883:
881:
877:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
861:
857:
851:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
834:
830:
824:
823:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
807:
803:
797:
796:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:
772:
771:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
751:
747:
740:
739:
733:
732:
728:
727:
723:
722:
716:
714:
712:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
687:
686:M. rufus
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:W. S. Gilbert
666:
665:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:Ernst Schwarz
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:quadrupedally
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
373:
368:
364:
363:
358:
357:
352:
351:
345:
341:
337:
336:
332:
329:comprise the
328:
324:
323:strepsirrhine
320:
316:
308:
307:
303:
297:
293:
287:
283:
277:
273:
266:
261:
257:
252:
246:
245:
241:
239:
238:
234:
232:
231:
227:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
211:
206:
201:
200:
195:
192:
188:
183:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Strepsirrhini
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
73:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6209:
6207:
6007:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5862:
5857:Archaeolemur
5855:
5832:
5825:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5782:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5762:Cheirogaleus
5760:
5753:
5733:
5722:
5712:
5702:
5695:
5661:
5656:Perodicticus
5654:
5647:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5603:
5583:
5573:
5546:
5536:
5530:Saharagalago
5528:
5518:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5484:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5442:Saharagalago
5440:
5429:
5401:Lemuriformes
5355:Lemuriformes
5342:
5335:
5327:
5320:
5297:
5290:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5075:Yunnanadapis
5073:
5066:
5059:
5054:Kyitchaungia
5052:
5047:Guangxilemur
5045:
5038:
5011:
5004:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4883:Donrussellia
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4830:
4823:
4818:Gatanthropus
4816:
4809:
4802:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4760:Hesperolemur
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:Notharctidae
4721:
4711:
4595:
4582:
4573:
4564:
4555:
4536:
4535:
4524:A. trichotis
4523:
4503:
4491:
4483:M. coquereli
4482:
4462:
4451:M. tavaratra
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4352:M. manitatra
4351:
4343:M. mamiratra
4342:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4297:
4288:
4280:M. ganzhorni
4279:
4270:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4234:
4214:
4202:
4193:
4184:
4175:
4166:
4157:
4149:C. crossleyi
4148:
4139:
4130:
4121:
4103:Cheirogaleus
4101:
4003:
3993:
3950:
3944:
3909:
3885:(1): 12–23.
3882:
3876:
3838:
3813:(1): 75–82.
3810:
3804:
3772:
3739:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3646:
3640:
3615:
3583:
3548:
3504:
3498:
3460:
3421:
3406:(1): 39–49.
3403:
3397:
3393:
3386:Groves, C.P.
3355:
3352:Groves, C.P.
3320:
3276:
3261:. Retrieved
3254:the original
3241:
3235:
3186:(259): 259.
3183:
3177:
3142:
3136:
3102:
3079:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2975:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2818:Schülke 2003
2754:Schülke 2003
2730:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2658:Schülke 2003
2586:
2543:
2536:Fleagle 2013
2500:
2488:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2404:
2375:
2331:. Retrieved
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2275:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2158:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2068:
2062:
2054:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2021:
2015:
2007:
1984:. Retrieved
1980:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1896:
1887:
1866:
1846:
1843:Conservation
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1742:
1732:, and small
1727:
1724:grasshoppers
1707:
1693:
1670:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1640:
1639:species and
1634:
1619:
1613:
1600:produce milk
1596:
1591:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1501:baobab trees
1488:
1486:
1472:
1446:
1423:
1391:
1353:, and three
1328:
1289:
1270:
1266:Cheirogaleus
1265:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1220:
1217:sister group
1201:paraphyletic
1186:
1181:
1162:synapomorphy
1151:
1143:
1139:
1136:sister group
1080:
1079:
1064:
1063:
1041:
1040:
1019:Cheirogaleus
1018:
1017:
986:
985:
970:
965:
964:
963:
880:mouse lemurs
875:
874:
855:
854:
828:
827:
806:dwarf lemurs
802:Cheirogaleus
801:
800:
777:
776:
775:
745:
744:
705:
702:James Sibree
695:
690:
684:
680:
672:
662:
658:
650:
638:
636:
607:
602:
594:
586:
579:Colin Groves
571:
566:
563:Cheirogaleus
562:
550:
546:
539:Cheirogaleus
538:
526:
522:
517:). In 1870,
515:mouse lemurs
510:
507:dwarf lemurs
503:Cheirogaleus
502:
495:Antongil Bay
491:Jules Goudot
482:
478:
464:
412:
388:sister group
377:
370:
360:
356:Cheirogaleus
354:
349:
334:
333:
318:
314:
313:
305:
299:
295:
289:
285:
279:
275:
269:
268:
264:
242:
235:
228:
221:
197:
191:Type species
175:
174:
53:
29:
6112:iNaturalist
6032:Wikispecies
5978:Adapiformes
5898:Propithecus
5714:Megaladapis
5697:Daubentonia
5663:Pseudopotto
5575:Mioeuoticus
5226:Europolemur
5164:Sivaladapis
5150:Siamoadapis
5095:Hoanghonius
5068:Paukkaungia
5040:Anthradapis
4997:Asiadapidae
4983:Palaeolemur
4976:Microadapis
4955:Cryptadapis
4925:Protoadapis
4911:Periconodon
4781:Smilodectes
4723:Sulaimanius
4574:P. parienti
4556:P. furcifer
4433:M. simmonsi
4397:M. myoxinus
4370:M. marohita
4271:M. danfossi
4235:M. arnholdi
4019:(in French)
4010:(in French)
3545:Louis, E.E.
3524:2318/140024
3360:Smithsonian
2333:24 December
2307:24 December
2268:Groves 2001
2163:Groves 2005
2080:12 December
2033:12 December
1986:12 December
1939:12 December
1899:. UNEP-WCMC
1626:parasitized
1592:Lemur catta
1548:territorial
1477:scent gland
1281:scent gland
1235:Description
711:common name
645:. In 1904,
597:), and the
497:. In 1850,
419:rainforests
396:scent gland
338:. Like all
6217:Categories
5976:See also:
5827:Pachylemur
5769:Microcebus
5683:Lemuroidea
5649:Arctocebus
5622:Nycticebus
5510:Paragalago
5476:Galagoides
5414:Lorisoidea
5364:see below↓
5344:Shizarodon
5322:Djebelemur
5247:Masradapis
5205:Aframonius
5157:Sinoadapis
5136:Indraloris
4969:Magnadapis
4962:Leptadapis
4862:Anchomomys
4804:Bugtilemur
4767:Notharctus
4388:M. murinus
4307:M. jollyae
4244:M. berthae
4216:Microcebus
4203:C. thomasi
4194:C. grovesi
4167:C. sibreei
4090:Suborder:
3696:Vakihandry
3592:. p.
3263:2014-12-11
3237:Lemur News
3084:Weigl 2005
3072:Nowak 1999
3057:17 January
3034:17 January
3011:17 January
2988:17 January
2833:Nowak 1999
1880:References
1853:endangered
1773:Terminalia
1729:Coeloptera
1720:Sphingidae
1704:arthropods
1636:Commiphora
1628:by beetle
1621:Terminalia
1430:rainforest
1398:dry season
1305:lemuriform
1213:multilocus
1174:immunology
1170:morphology
1081:Microcebus
876:Microcebus
691:Microcebus
567:Microcebus
511:Microcebus
447:endangered
443:arthropods
429:and other
421:, and run
362:Microcebus
344:Madagascar
205:Blainville
182:J. E. Gray
151:Suborder:
74:Appendix I
5928:Babakotia
5875:Indriidae
5810:Hapalemur
5794:Lemuridae
5755:Allocebus
5704:Lepilemur
5596:Lorisinae
5585:Namaloris
5559:Lorisidae
5548:Wadilemur
5520:Progalago
5453:Galagidae
5431:Karanisia
5329:Notnamaia
5283:Azibiidae
5268:Notnamaia
5261:Namadapis
5240:Mahgarita
5233:Godinotia
5219:Darwinius
5198:Afradapis
5191:Adapoides
5143:Ramadapis
5109:Rencunius
5006:Asiadapis
4774:Pelycodus
4753:Copelemur
4648:Kingdom:
4505:Allocebus
4442:M. tanosi
4316:M. jonahi
4262:M. boraha
4122:C. medius
4066:Kingdom:
3796:893740473
3628:500576914
3573:670545286
3483:850210233
3300:820107187
3250:1608-1439
3244:: 64–70.
3165:875506676
3126:804422748
2089:cite iucn
2042:cite iucn
1995:cite iucn
1948:cite iucn
1745:sympatric
1657:Adansonia
1604:dispersal
1536:Lepilemur
1530:In 1897,
1521:eye shine
1475:, have a
1375:protocone
1351:premolars
1308:toothcomb
1258:nocturnal
1229:radiation
1042:Allocebus
987:Lepilemur
829:Allocebus
746:Lepilemur
717:Evolution
657:φανερός (
633:Etymology
547:Lepilemur
527:Lepilemur
471:described
404:nocturnal
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
6156:12100027
6023:Q1078082
6017:Wikidata
5735:Propotto
5503:Otolemur
5496:Laetolia
5462:Euoticus
5337:Omanodon
5116:Wailekia
4939:Adapidae
4904:Panobius
4897:Nievesia
4869:Barnesia
4855:Agerinia
4668:Primates
4662:Mammalia
4656:Chordata
4654:Phylum:
4650:Animalia
4597:Category
4415:M. rufus
4289:M. gerpi
4140:C. major
4086:Primates
4080:Mammalia
4074:Chordata
4072:Phylum:
4068:Animalia
3977:22319174
3932:65169976
3901:54727842
3871:(2007).
3837:(1982).
3763:70728410
3730:51447871
3683:15249661
3614:(1953).
3533:23880733
3448:28425691
3378:44868886
3354:(2001).
3344:62265494
3310:(2005).
3274:(2013).
3220:19860891
2327:Archived
2301:Archived
2297:BBC News
1903:18 March
1734:reptiles
1700:nitrogen
1677:estivate
1647:exudates
1579:polygamy
1575:foraging
1568:bleating
1463:Behavior
1383:hypocone
1371:paracone
1363:anterior
1359:diastema
1347:× 2 = 36
1312:incisors
659:phaneros
487:holotype
469:when he
461:Taxonomy
439:nitrogen
431:exudates
213:Species
161:Family:
145:Primates
135:Mammalia
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
6130:1060857
6104:2436442
5834:Varecia
5803:Eulemur
5299:Azibius
5102:Lushius
5061:Laomaki
4876:Buxella
4746:Cantius
4666:Order:
4660:Class:
4492:M. zaza
4084:Order:
4078:Class:
3968:3351788
3861:7837781
3651:Bibcode
3211:2774700
3188:Bibcode
1805:raptors
1802:Diurnal
1738:galagos
1696:protein
1610:Ecology
1582:During
1414:nipples
1344:2.1.3.3
1341:2.1.3.3
1331:maxilla
1316:canines
1277:ventral
1146:2013).
765:
627:Fanamby
622:Daraina
543:cranial
435:protein
327:species
171:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
76: (
6223:Lemurs
6195:232478
6182:323054
6169:261733
6143:572787
6065:899562
6052:Phaner
6038:Phaner
6008:Phaner
5783:Phaner
5469:Galago
4948:Adapis
4537:Phaner
3994:Phaner
3975:
3965:
3930:
3920:
3899:
3859:
3849:
3827:401757
3825:
3794:
3784:
3761:
3751:
3728:
3718:
3702:". In
3681:
3674:489989
3671:
3626:
3600:
3571:
3561:
3531:
3481:
3471:
3446:
3436:
3376:
3366:
3342:
3332:
3298:
3288:
3248:
3218:
3208:
3163:
3153:
3124:
3114:
2167:Phaner
1815:) and
1763:) and
1753:canopy
1645:, bud
1630:larvae
1540:Phaner
1394:testes
1355:molars
1301:caecum
1297:nectar
1285:throat
1273:dorsal
1262:Phaner
1221:Phaner
1182:Phaner
1176:, and
1144:et al.
1140:et al.
966:Phaner
778:Phaner
706:et al.
679:) and
651:Phaner
639:Phaner
551:Phaner
523:Phaner
485:. The
392:dorsal
348:genus
340:lemurs
335:Phaner
301:orange
291:purple
265:Phaner
207:, 1839
184:, 1870
176:Phaner
18:Phaner
6125:IRMNG
6117:43554
6091:41634
6078:63MT9
5891:Indri
5884:Avahi
5817:Lemur
5776:Mirza
5605:Loris
5486:Komba
4464:Mirza
3897:S2CID
3700:Tanta
3495:(PDF)
3426:(PDF)
3314:. In
3257:(PDF)
3232:(PDF)
1897:CITES
1833:fossa
1716:moths
1649:from
1065:Mirza
856:Mirza
683:(for
681:Azema
673:Mirza
655:Greek
481:) as
350:Lemur
331:genus
281:green
78:CITES
72:CITES
6164:NCBI
6138:ITIS
6099:GBIF
6060:BOLD
3973:PMID
3928:OCLC
3918:ISBN
3857:OCLC
3847:ISBN
3823:PMID
3792:OCLC
3782:ISBN
3759:OCLC
3749:ISBN
3726:OCLC
3716:ISBN
3679:PMID
3642:PNAS
3624:OCLC
3598:ISBN
3569:OCLC
3559:ISBN
3529:PMID
3479:OCLC
3469:ISBN
3444:OCLC
3434:ISBN
3374:OCLC
3364:ISBN
3340:OCLC
3330:ISBN
3296:OCLC
3286:ISBN
3246:ISSN
3216:PMID
3161:OCLC
3151:ISBN
3122:OCLC
3112:ISBN
3059:2021
3036:2021
3013:2021
2990:2021
2335:2014
2309:2014
2093:help
2082:2014
2075:2012
2046:help
2035:2014
2028:2012
1999:help
1988:2014
1981:2012
1952:help
1941:2014
1934:2012
1905:2015
1714:and
1686:The
1558:and
1408:for
1367:cusp
1314:and
1295:and
1209:SINE
565:and
473:the
437:and
359:and
321:are
6151:MSW
6086:EoL
6073:CoL
6047:ADW
3963:PMC
3955:doi
3887:doi
3815:doi
3669:PMC
3659:doi
3647:101
3519:hdl
3509:doi
3408:doi
3206:PMC
3196:doi
1616:sap
1594:).
1564:Kea
1560:Kiu
1552:Hon
1337:is
1293:gum
1225:mya
667:by
612:of
589:),
427:gum
417:to
317:or
271:red
6219::
6192::
6179::
6166::
6153::
6140::
6127::
6114::
6101::
6088::
6075::
6062::
6049::
6034::
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3971:.
3961:.
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3949:.
3943:.
3926:.
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3881:.
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3841:.
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3809:.
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3527:.
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3240:.
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3204:.
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3176:.
3159:.
3145:.
3120:.
3110:.
2840:^
2825:^
2780:^
2761:^
2742:^
2665:^
2632:^
2617:^
2598:^
2555:^
2512:^
2467:^
2416:^
2387:^
2358:^
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2254:^
2191:^
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2165:,
2101:^
2087:{{
2073:.
2067:.
2040:{{
2026:.
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1993:{{
1979:.
1973:.
1946:{{
1932:.
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569:.
557:,
457:.
304:=
294:=
284:=
274:=
267::
56:)
5909:†
5845:†
5823:†
5731:†
5727:?
5720:†
5710:†
5611:†
5581:†
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5533:?
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