430:
256:
686:, and regarded as the mastermind of the 2014 military coup and of the junta regime, attended a party meeting in July 2019 and on June 22, 2020, accepted the Party's invitation to become its leader. Prawit replaced Uttama Savanayana, who lost the party leadership after the party’s executive board was dissolved, following the mass resignation of 18 board members, mainly the technocratic faction, including Suriya Juangroongruangkit and Somsak.Thepsuthin. This then led to a cabinet reshuffle, in which the military faction, led by Prayut, asserted its dominance.
530:
promote himself in 2017-2018 prior to election campaigning being legally permitted, and was seen as its real leader, he was not an official member of the party. In late
January, 2019, after the publication of the royal decree formalizing the election, four Prayut cabinet ministers resigned from their positions to campaign full-time. As, under the new constitution, parties are allowed to name non-members as their prime minister candidates, the following day, the party announced their three candidates for prime minister would be
49:
837:, a Thai Raksa Chart politician raised concerns about Palang Pracharath using state welfare cards to solicit support from voters. He cited several reports of state welfare card owners receiving phone calls from individuals asking them to vote for Palang Pracharath to ensure continued support for the program. Nattawut believes that these individuals are either government workers or linked to the government in some manner because of their access to records of card holders.
2742:
970:
934:
562:. It adopted typical populist policies, like cheap housing, debt relief for both laborers and farmers, improving the minimum wage, and payments for newborns and mothers. This blurring of state-political policies meant that during the electoral campaign, the party enjoyed the advantage of distributing a state Pracharat welfare card to poorer, rural, traditionally
464:, in the 2019 election. While multiple parties supported Prayut, the party was viewed as the "official pro-junta party" or "pro-Prayut party" because many party leaders are also junta cabinet members and advisors. Additionally, the party's name, Palang Pracharath, was the same as the junta's key policy initiative.
826:
resident alleged that people attempting to collect their state welfare cards were given documentation and forced to join the Party. Officials told them that if they refused to join the party, they would not receive state welfare cards. However, if they did, they would also be given 100 baht to assist
717:
In
November 2018, Prayut's cabinet approved an 86.9 billion baht cash handout package. Critics responded by alleging that the cash handouts are an attempt at "using people's tax money to buy votes" in the upcoming elections. The Election Commission also responded by announcing that it is looking into
765:
On 19 December, Palang
Pracharath held a 200-table dinner fundraiser raising 600 million baht. During the event, an Isranews journalist obtained a photograph of the floor plan and confirmed its authenticity with event organizers. The map detailed the number of tables purchased by various individuals
745:
This prompted criticism from the Pheu Thai and
Democrat Parties, as well as from a watchdog organization, Open Forum for Democracy Foundation. They argued the delay would enable the EC to draw maps that favor pro-junta parties, namely Palang Pracharat. Some journalists and commentators compared this
785:
According to the map, party leaders also purchased multiple tables at the fundraiser, also raising concerns. At 3 million baht per table, this would mean that leaders contributed more than the legal maximum of 10 million baht per individual to the party. Additionally, this raised concerns regarding
566:
voters, using state funding, which was criticised as a form of vote-buying. Since winning the election, the Party has continued the
Pracharat 'brand' and welfare scheme, which while introducing welfare policies targeting the poor, which has been criticised as a form of replacing a political society
789:
On this issue, former EC commissioner, Somchai
Srisutthiyakorn, stated that if the party leaders used their personal funds to purchase the tables, they would need to be investigated for their unusually high wealth. However, if they purchased tables for other individuals, in effect, hiding their
529:
Since its founding, the party has been widely criticized for its leaders' close relationship to the junta and alleged abuse of their cabinet positions to fund-raise and campaign for Palang
Pracharath. While Prayut had strong ties to Palang Pracharath, campaigned in a quasi-political fashion to
781:
Others pointed out that the fundraiser was organized within a week after the ban on political activity was lifted. This would not have been possible unless the organizers had insider knowledge of when the ban would be lifted because the venue would have needed to be booked at least a month in
803:
Due to regulations, Palang
Pracharath had to publicly release records within a month of the fundraiser. In late January, the party released records accounting for 90 million baht raised at the dinner. The records revealed that most of the donations were either from recipients of government
778:. This has raised concerns that state agencies were using taxpayers' money to aid the pro-junta party. Concerns were also raised that Palang Pracharath leaders, who are also currently serving as cabinet ministers, used their government positions to solicit funds, which would be illegal.
514:
group and over 150 former members of parliament formally joined Palang
Pracharath. As of November, at least 44 were former Pheu Thai, People's Power Party (Palang Prachachon), and Thai Rak Thai Party MPs. Additionally, at least 14 came over from the Democrat Party.
756:
On 29 November, the EC completed and released the new district constituencies. Following the release, political parties and watchdog organizations stated that they found many instances of gerrymandering that would benefit the pro-junta Palang
Pracharat Party.
737:
invoked Section 44 to issue an order extending the announcement. The order also exempted the new constituency boundaries from existing laws and guidelines. Previously, each district are only allowed to be drawn three different ways to prevent partisan
707:, and others have called current cabinet ministers who are also party leaders to resign, citing possible potential conflicts of interests such as abusing government resources and budget allocation to gain an unfair advantage in the upcoming election.
557:
and was previously employed in the Eighth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1997–2001). The terms implies a state-people partnership, and the state program introduced populist specifically designed to counter the populist policies of the
429:
675:
On 29 January 2019, all four Prayut cabinet ministers (Uttama Savanayana, Suvit Maesincee, Sontirat Sontijirawong and Kobsak Pootrakool) resigned from their government positions after months of criticism.
538:. On February 8, 2019, the party announced that their only PM candidate would be Prayut. Uttama, party leader, remarked that with Prayut as the PM candidate, Palang Pracharath would become "invincible."
1229:
811:
Palang Pracharath declined to answer questions on the floor plan names suspected of being government entities: Finance Ministry, Tourism Authority of Thailand, and Bangkok municipal government.
814:
According to the party, the other 532 million baht raised were paid for after the fundraising deadline, so those records will be published in the party's donors list at a later date.
553:
The party adopted the state policies of the 'Pracharat' (literally “people’s state”) scheme, developed by the 2014–2019 military regime. The term is derived from a term in the
2578:
2727:
733:, the Election Commission was tasked with redrawing the country's constituency boundaries. However, as the EC was about to announce the new boundaries, Prime Minister
721:
Palang Pracharat leader and Industry Minister, Uttama Savanayana, denied the allegations and said that the cash handouts are intended to help the poor and the needy.
402:. Although Palang Pracharath came 2nd in the polls, it successfully nominated Prayut and formed a coalition government with votes from 249 senators, and MPs from the
3187:
1323:
Sawasdee, Siripan Nogsuan (12 December 2019). "Electoral integrity and the repercussions of institutional manipulations: The 2019 general election in Thailand".
793:
The Finance Ministry and Tourism Authority of Thailand has denied any links to the fundraiser dinner. Meanwhile, party secretary-general and commerce minister,
318:
2705:
683:
442:
871:, while simultaneously approving of Prayut's cabinet and Palang Pracharath leadership consisting of several former Thaksin cabinet ministers such as
3192:
3217:
3197:
545:
by members of the lower house and every member of the junta-appointed Senate save one, returning him to the position he had held as junta leader.
1074:
845:
Although Palang Pracharat is a newly established political party, it is quite well-known because of its perceived relationship to Prime Minister
644:
634:
601:
1494:
3212:
3182:
830:
Palang Pracharath denied any links to state welfare card distribution. The Election Commission stated that they were looking into the matter.
3025:
2736:
1298:
1243:
289:
3207:
3202:
2720:
850:
356:
221:
1423:
2937:
2753:
775:
3041:
2913:
2762:
2412:
2303:
2273:
2163:
2133:
2083:
2028:
1998:
492:
2445:
2218:
1820:
1473:
1660:
2334:
1953:
1878:
1555:
703:(EC), accusing the Palang Pracharat Party of enjoying undue support from government figures and agencies. Democrat Party leader,
2193:
1980:
2961:
2713:
1850:
1783:
700:
1114:
3017:
2840:
1174:
767:
2945:
2695:
2248:
1454:
771:
753:
Election Commission chairman, Ittiporn Boonpracong, denied the allegations, citing eye surgery as the cause of the delay.
2864:
2058:
1928:
1530:
1366:
507:, by operating as a group of friends, were able to mobilize politically while at the time, parties were not allowed to.
235:
146:
2953:
2921:
2501:
2108:
2359:
461:
364:
255:
3089:
2969:
2816:
1007:
950:
914:
542:
524:
414:
395:
388:
2822:
2792:
662:
630:
500:
403:
2681:
1903:
1060:
3057:
2929:
2798:
2786:
418:
853:. This has resulted in the party being depicted in popular culture and political cartoons. In a November 2018
2852:
1512:
2858:
876:
476:
1392:
1030:
398:, Palang Pracharath's candidate for prime minister was incumbent prime minister and military junta leader,
3081:
794:
591:
2870:
1126:
742:. However, under Prayut's new order, the EC would be allowed to draw boundaries in any matter they wish.
790:
identities in financial disclosures, they may be breaking election, bribery, and money laundering laws.
496:
294:
154:
1264:""ลุงป้อม" เปิดซิงเกิ้ลเพลงใหม่เซอร์ไพร้ส์ผู้สมัครส.ส.-สื่อด้วยหัวใจถึงประชาชน | Hotshot 13/04/66"
1084:
3161:
3129:
2897:
2892:
2846:
2810:
640:
597:
554:
453:
in 1992 and was a member of the junta-appointed National Reform Steering Assembly from 2015 to 2017.
446:
284:
2552:
2384:
1042:
3113:
3033:
3009:
3001:
2993:
1230:"2021/29 "Thailand's Elected Junta: The Pluralistic Poverty of Phalang Pracharat" by Paul Chambers"
872:
535:
488:
480:
179:
159:
3145:
3097:
3073:
2887:
2834:
1639:
1348:
1211:
860:
626:
472:
174:
127:
86:
2828:
710:
In response, Palang Pracharat party spokesman and Minister of the Office of the Prime Minister,
48:
1431:
3137:
2985:
2774:
2689:
1739:
1631:
1340:
1150:
943:
880:
846:
823:
800:
After public outcry, the Election Commission confirmed that they are looking into the matter.
734:
730:
711:
704:
668:
656:
585:
531:
457:
450:
438:
407:
399:
384:
567:
with a 'depoliticised' welfare society supported by a hierarchical form of capitalism (e.g.,
2804:
1729:
1623:
1332:
1201:
985:
864:
679:
613:
69:
2526:
2420:
2311:
2281:
2171:
2141:
2036:
2006:
3105:
3049:
2977:
2768:
2226:
834:
650:
563:
559:
484:
1581:
3121:
3065:
2579:"ชาวบ้าน "เลิงนกทา" แฉ ต้องสมัครสมาชิก พปชร. ถึงได้บัตรคนจน แถมเงินกลับบ้านอีก 100 บาท"
863:
and current prime minister Prayut Chan-o-cha in a meme format inspired by the musician
750:
in the United States, while others opined that the junta had already won the election.
747:
739:
607:
380:
360:
17:
3176:
1643:
1352:
1215:
868:
335:
309:
2553:"ต้องโชว์ทุกเดือน! กาง กม.เงินบริจาคพรรค-ลุ้นก้อน 532 ล.งานโต๊ะจีน พปชร.ใครทุนใหญ่?"
1686:"พปชร. เปิดตัวผู้สมัคร 350 เขต ยังอุบปาร์ตี้ลิสต์ "อุตตม" ลั่น พรรคเราไร้เทียมทาน!!"
1611:
1010:
on behalf of the Palang Pracharath Party; however, he was not a member of the party.
714:, assured that cabinet members will behave ethically and not abuse their authority.
483:. The group has tried to win over former members of parliament from the pro-Thaksin
437:
Co-founder Suchart Jantarachotikul is a retired army colonel who was a classmate of
1757:
1151:"ย้ำจุดยืนพลังประชารัฐปกป้องสถาบัน ขอให้รอติดตามรีแบรนด์เป็นพรรคอนุรักษนิยมทันสมัย"
64:
2385:"เปิดเอกสารผังงานโต๊ะจีน 650 ล. พปชร. ชื่อคล้าย'คลัง-ททท-กทม'หรา บริจาครวม 120 ล."
2134:"EC under microscope for gerrymandering over designing of boundaries - The Nation"
1685:
1079:
867:. The cartoon pokes fun at junta supporters' staunch disapproval of Thaksin and
859:
cartoon, Palang Pracharath leaders are depicted alongside ousted prime minister
659:, party spokesman and former Prayut Minister of the Office of the Prime Minister
616:, party executive and former Prayut Agriculture and Cooperatives Deputy Minister
1718:"The Prayuth Regime: Embedded Military and Hierarchical Capitalism in Thailand"
1190:"The Prayuth Regime: Embedded Military and Hierarchical Capitalism in Thailand"
2655:
2630:
2470:
1263:
805:
797:, stated the map is inauthentic and accused Isranews of spreading false news.
164:
1743:
1635:
1344:
1336:
1097:
PPP (Palang Pracharath, People's State Power Party, conservative nationalist)
855:
2741:
568:
1031:
https://www.ect.go.th/ect_th/download/article/article_20211116131652.pdf
460:, who had ruled the country as the head of the military junta since the
2474:
1734:
1717:
1627:
1283:
1268:
1206:
1189:
653:, deputy party leader and former Prayut Science and Technology Minister
643:, party executive, political adviser to the prime minister, and former
131:
766:
and organizations. Among the organizations on the floor plan were the
204:('Overcoming conflicts, eliminating problems, developing every area')
1424:"Pro-junta Palang Pracharath Party proposes Prayut for next premier"
417:, several former members of Palang Pracharath split off to form the
1244:"Presentation of Thailand : Politics - Objectif Import Export"
471:("Three Friends" or "Three Allies") group of former prime minister
1879:"General Prawit accepts invitation to head Palang Pracharat party"
1284:"ฟังกันหรือยัง? "ลุงป้อม" นำทีมเล่นเอ็มวีเอง เพลงใหม่พลังประชารัฐ"
428:
323:
2029:"Cabinet members defy calls to quit over party move - The Nation"
1784:"Pracharat welfare depoliticises Thailand's "political peasants""
2709:
1495:"'Three Friends' Join Pro-Junta Party, Say Charter Favors Them"
1722:
TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia
1194:
Trans: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia
1175:"Why Gen Prayut may have to switch parties to remain in power"
2631:"ตะกี้ตูน : ปฏิรูปก่อนเลือกตั้ง | ประชาไท Prachatai.com"
2604:
355:) is a Thai civil-military political party with ties to the
2527:"TAT denies spending Bt9m at Palang Pracharath fundraiser"
2219:"Election has already been won, so what now? - The Nation"
1299:"Thailand's new pro-junta party raises $ 20m in one night"
718:
whether or not to open an investigation into this matter.
1582:"พลังดูด 'พลังประชารัฐ' อดีต ส.ส. – คนดังแห่ร่วมนับร้อย"
588:, first party leader and former Prayut Industry Minister
534:, Uttama Savanayana, and current deputy prime minister,
2164:"EC completes redrawing of constituencies - The Nation"
1954:"Thai Cabinet Reshuffle: Prayut Gets His Way (For Now)"
1821:"4 ministers, 3 ex-PDRC leaders join Palang Pracharath"
594:, secretary-general and former Prayut Commerce Minister
2084:"PPRP 'not shaken' by EC's cash handout investigation"
1061:"Rule by law but no rule of law in Thailand- UCA News"
2335:"Parties Fume Over New 'Gerrymandered' Electoral Map"
269:
2446:"Sontirat: Dinner table map doesn't belong to party"
1716:
Kongkirati, Prajak; Kanchoochat, Veerayooth (2018).
1188:
Kongkirati, Prajak; Kanchoochat, Veerayooth (2018).
804:
concessions (such as airport duty-free conglomerate
774:, and "Bangkok," which is widely believed to be the
2906:
2880:
2750:
2471:"Wake Up News - ว่าด้วยการจัดปาร์ตี้โต๊ะจีนระดมทุน"
2304:"Parties accuse EC of bias in constituency mapping"
1873:
1871:
262:
248:
234:
220:
208:
196:
185:
173:
145:
137:
123:
105:
95:
85:
75:
63:
55:
34:
1455:"Elections won't give Thailand's junta legitimacy"
445:, shortly served as a member of parliament of the
1661:"Palang Pracharath ministers resign from cabinet"
1127:"The state of global right-wing populism in 2019"
1758:"Govt sops to poor raise questions of propriety"
367:. It was established in 2018 by Chuan Chuchan (
1612:"Thailand's 2019 Vote: The General's Election"
1556:"150+ Politicos Defect to New Pro-Junta Party"
421:, and were later joined by Prayut Chan-o-cha.
2721:
2194:"Watchdog demands govt stop meddling with EC"
1981:"EC asked to nip Palang Pracharat in the bud"
610:, former Yingluck Shinawatra cabinet minister
201:ก้าวข้ามความขัดแย้ง ขจัดปัญหา พัฒนาทุกพื้นที่
8:
2684:. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023.
1851:"Ministers in dual roles face calls to quit"
671:, former Thaksin Shinawatra cabinet minister
665:, former Thaksin Shinawatra cabinet minister
1999:"No special treatment for pro-Prayut group"
695:Potential conflicts of interest controversy
340:
2728:
2714:
2706:
2440:
2438:
2274:"EC completes redrawing of constituencies"
2249:"Govt 'didn't meddle' with constituencies"
699:The Pheu Thai Party has complained to the
541:Prayut was nominated and was duly elected
374:
368:
254:
31:
1733:
1205:
684:Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army
475:'s cabinet ministers: Somsak Thepsuthin,
443:Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School
2333:Rojanaphruk, Pravit (30 November 2018).
890:
1115:Crisis of faith is reaching a crescendo
1023:
999:
2687:
2059:"EC to investigate cash handout spree"
1043:"Major players in Thailand's election"
433:Former logo of Palang Pracharath Party
3188:Political parties established in 2018
2496:
2494:
2492:
2407:
2405:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1655:
1653:
1605:
1603:
1531:"PM allows ministers to back parties"
1489:
1487:
1418:
1416:
1325:Asian Journal of Comparative Politics
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
975:Junior partner in governing coalition
334:
7:
2360:"PPRP 'feast' nets record cash haul"
1610:Ricks, Jacob I. (1 September 2019).
1472:Aekarach Sattaburuth (14 May 2018).
1367:"New Party Wants to Recruit Prayuth"
479:, and current deputy prime minister
357:National Council for Peace and Order
2502:"EC to speed up poll breach probes"
2109:"New EC boundary ruling under fire"
1474:"Bhumjaithai insists on insider PM"
1297:Hiroshi Kotani (27 December 2018).
776:Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
2310:. 29 November 2018. Archived from
2280:. 28 November 2018. Archived from
336:[pʰákpʰā.lāŋprā.tɕʰāː.rát]
25:
1979:Mongkol Bangprapa (2 July 2018).
1929:"New cabinet ministers announced"
1430:. 30 January 2019. Archived from
363:that ruled the country after the
2740:
969:
968:
933:
932:
47:
3193:2018 establishments in Thailand
2925:(1942–1990s, banned since 1948)
2865:Thai Teacher's for People Party
373:) and Suchart Jantarachotikul (
29:Political party in Thailand
3218:Monarchist parties in Thailand
3198:Far-right politics in Thailand
629:, deputy party leader, former
467:The party is supported by the
1:
3213:National conservative parties
3183:Political parties in Thailand
2737:Political parties in Thailand
2413:"Bellies full, but who paid?"
2005:. 3 July 2018. Archived from
808:) or government contractors.
772:Tourism Authority of Thailand
600:, party executive and former
2970:Socialist United Front Party
1453:James Ockey (3 April 2018).
456:Palang Pracharath supported
236:Bangkok Metropolitan Council
3208:Social conservative parties
3203:Far-right political parties
2954:Socialist Party of Thailand
2922:Communist Party of Thailand
2585:(in Thai). 25 December 2018
2390:(in Thai). 21 December 2018
1958:ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
1588:(in Thai). 27 November 2018
1513:"Parties propose poll date"
324:
3234:
3090:Commoner Party of Thailand
3026:National Development Party
2946:United Thai People's Party
2559:(in Thai). 28 January 2019
1692:(in Thai). 2 February 2019
818:State welfare card scandal
725:Gerrymandering controversy
690:Controversies and scandals
543:Prime Minister of Thailand
525:2019 Thai general election
522:
396:2019 Thai general election
389:2019 Thai general election
350:People's State Power Party
3157:
2823:Peu Thai Rumphalang Party
2694:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1904:"Cabinet reshuffle looms"
786:the source of the money.
761:Dinner fundraiser scandal
663:Suriya Juangroongruangkit
499:movement, as well as the
375:
369:
313:
280:
267:
253:
46:
3058:Neutral Democratic Party
2938:National Socialist Party
2930:Seri Manangkhasila Party
2799:Chart Thai Pattana Party
2787:United Thai Nation Party
1337:10.1177/2057891119892321
1006:Served as candidate for
419:United Thai Nation Party
222:House of Representatives
39:
2853:Party of Thai Countries
2781:Palang Pracharath Party
877:Suriya Jungrungreangkit
477:Suriya Jungrungreangkit
306:Palang Pracharath Party
175:Political position
101:Suchart Jantarachotikul
37:Palang Pracharath Party
18:Phalang Pracharat Party
3082:Thai Raksa Chart Party
2859:New Social Power Party
833:In late January 2019,
795:Sontirat Sontijirawong
592:Sontirat Sontijirawong
510:In November 2018, the
487:(and its predecessors
434:
326:Phak Phalang Pracharat
827:with transportation.
432:
415:2023 general election
155:National conservatism
111:; 6 years ago
3162:Politics of Thailand
3130:Future Forward Party
3042:People's Power Party
2962:Social Justice Party
2898:Palang Burapha Party
2893:New Aspiration Party
2811:Thai Sang Thai Party
1883:www.thaipbsworld.com
906:Outcome of election
641:Puttipong Punnakanta
598:Sakoltee Phattiyakul
555:Thai national anthem
493:People's Power Party
447:New Aspiration Party
285:Politics of Thailand
3114:People Reform Party
3034:Thai Rak Thai Party
3010:Justice Unity Party
3002:Palang Dharma Party
2994:Social Action Party
2881:Extra-parliamentary
2871:Thai Progress Party
2841:New Democracy Party
2817:Chart Pattana Party
2314:on 26 December 2018
2144:on 29 November 2018
2039:on 28 November 2018
1501:. 19 November 2018.
1303:Nikkei Asian Review
1157:. 13 February 2024.
1133:. 30 December 2019.
1049:. 29 December 2016.
939:Governing coalition
873:Somkid Jatusripitak
701:Election Commission
536:Somkid Jatusripitak
481:Somkid Jatusripitak
376:สุชาติ จันทรโชติกุล
215:"Palang Pracharath"
160:Right-wing populism
3146:Move Forward Party
3098:Rak Thailand Party
3074:New Politics Party
2888:Thai Citizen Party
2835:Thai Liberal Party
2533:. 21 December 2018
2477:. 22 December 2018
1790:. 28 November 2019
1764:. 20 November 2018
1735:10.1017/trn.2018.4
1628:10.5509/2019923443
1562:. 27 November 2018
1207:10.1017/trn.2018.4
1087:on 18 October 2020
861:Thaksin Shinawatra
841:In popular culture
627:Nataphol Teepsuwan
473:Thaksin Shinawatra
435:
3170:
3169:
3150:
3142:
3138:Puea Pandin Party
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2986:Thai Nation Party
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2775:Bhumjaithai Party
991:
990:
944:Prayut Chan-o-cha
881:Somsak Thepsuthin
847:Prayut Chan-o-cha
735:Prayut Chan-o-cha
712:Kobsak Pootrakool
705:Abhisit Vejjajiva
669:Somsak Thepsuthin
657:Kobsak Pootrakool
586:Uttama Savanayana
532:Prayut Chan-o-cha
458:Prayut Chan-o-cha
451:Songkhla Province
439:Prayut Chan-o-cha
400:Prayut Chan-o-cha
385:Prayut Chan-o-cha
322:
303:
302:
290:Political parties
109:2 March 2018
81:Paiboon Nititawan
77:Secretary-General
16:(Redirected from
3225:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2805:Prachachat Party
2745:
2744:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2660:Knowyourmeme.com
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:on 30 March 2019
2419:. Archived from
2409:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2284:on 24 March 2019
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2229:on 24 March 2019
2225:. Archived from
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2174:on 24 March 2019
2170:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:. Archived from
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2035:. Archived from
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1960:. 11 August 2020
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1847:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1713:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1434:on 24 March 2019
1420:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1286:. 13 April 2023.
1280:
1274:
1273:
1272:. 12 April 2023.
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1232:. 12 March 2021.
1226:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1083:. Archived from
1071:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1011:
1004:
986:Prawit Wongsuwon
972:
971:
958:
936:
935:
922:
909:Election leader
897:Total seats won
891:
887:Election results
768:Finance Ministry
731:new constitution
680:Prawit Wongsuwan
614:Thamanat Prompow
462:2014 coup d'état
378:
377:
372:
371:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
338:
333:
329:
317:
315:
314:พรรคพลังประชารัฐ
276:
273:
271:
258:
243:
229:
191:
119:
117:
112:
78:
70:Prawit Wongsuwon
51:
40:พรรคพลังประชารัฐ
32:
21:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3153:
3106:Rak Santi Party
3050:Pracharaj Party
2978:New Force Party
2907:Defunct parties
2902:
2876:
2769:Pheu Thai Party
2752:
2751:Represented in
2746:
2739:
2734:
2704:
2703:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2662:. 31 March 2016
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2339:Khaosod English
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2253:Bangkokpost.com
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2198:Bangkokpost.com
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2113:Bangkokpost.com
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2088:Bangkokpost.com
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2063:Bangkokpost.com
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2009:on 1 April 2019
1997:
1996:
1992:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1855:Bangkokpost.com
1849:
1848:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1825:Bangkokpost.com
1819:
1818:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1616:Pacific Affairs
1609:
1608:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1560:Khaosod English
1554:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1535:Bangkokpost.com
1529:
1528:
1524:
1519:. 30 June 2018.
1511:
1510:
1506:
1499:Khaosod English
1493:
1492:
1485:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1459:East Asia Forum
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1373:. 12 March 2018
1371:Khaosod English
1365:
1364:
1360:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1090:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1001:
996:
978:
959:
956:
923:
920:
903:Share of votes
889:
843:
835:Nattawut Saikua
822:In December, a
820:
763:
727:
697:
692:
651:Suvit Maesincee
623:
582:
580:Current members
577:
575:Notable members
560:Pheu Thai Party
551:
527:
521:
485:Pheu Thai Party
427:
352:
349:
346:
343:
331:
299:
268:
244:
241:
230:
227:
216:
214:
203:
189:
169:
115:
113:
110:
100:
76:
42:
41:
38:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3122:Mahachon Party
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3066:Matubhum Party
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2914:People's Party
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2793:Democrat Party
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2763:People's Party
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2673:
2656:"Drakeposting"
2647:
2622:
2596:
2570:
2544:
2518:
2488:
2462:
2434:
2401:
2376:
2351:
2325:
2295:
2265:
2240:
2210:
2185:
2155:
2125:
2100:
2075:
2050:
2020:
1990:
1971:
1945:
1920:
1895:
1867:
1837:
1801:
1775:
1749:
1728:(2): 279–305.
1703:
1677:
1649:
1622:(3): 443–457.
1599:
1573:
1547:
1522:
1504:
1483:
1464:
1445:
1412:
1384:
1358:
1308:
1289:
1275:
1255:
1249:
1235:
1221:
1200:(2): 279–305.
1180:
1166:
1160:
1142:
1136:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1066:
1052:
1047:The ASEAN Post
1034:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:prime minister
998:
997:
995:
992:
989:
988:
983:
966:
963:
960:
955:
953:
947:
946:
941:
930:
927:
924:
919:
917:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
888:
885:
842:
839:
819:
816:
762:
759:
748:gerrymandering
740:gerrymandering
726:
723:
696:
693:
691:
688:
673:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
638:
622:
621:Former members
619:
618:
617:
611:
608:Santi Promphat
605:
595:
589:
581:
578:
576:
573:
550:
547:
523:Main article:
520:
519:2019 elections
517:
501:Democrat Party
426:
423:
381:party of power
361:military junta
301:
300:
298:
297:
292:
287:
281:
278:
277:
265:
264:
260:
259:
251:
250:
246:
245:
240:
238:
232:
231:
226:
224:
218:
217:
213:"พลังประชารัฐ"
212:
210:
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
187:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
168:
167:
162:
157:
151:
149:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
125:
121:
120:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
36:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3230:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3018:Liberal Party
3016:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2636:
2635:Prachatai.com
2632:
2626:
2623:
2610:
2609:Voicetv.co.th
2606:
2605:"Voice TV 21"
2600:
2597:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1691:
1690:Khaosod.co.th
1687:
1681:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1000:
993:
987:
984:
982:(after 2024)
981:
976:
967:
964:
961:
954:
952:
949:
948:
945:
942:
940:
931:
928:
925:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:Thaksinocracy
866:
862:
858:
857:
852:
848:
840:
838:
836:
831:
828:
825:
817:
815:
812:
809:
807:
801:
798:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
777:
773:
769:
760:
758:
754:
751:
749:
743:
741:
736:
732:
724:
722:
719:
715:
713:
708:
706:
702:
694:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
642:
639:
636:
632:
628:
625:
624:
620:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
583:
579:
574:
572:
570:
565:
561:
556:
548:
546:
544:
539:
537:
533:
526:
518:
516:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Thai Rak Thai
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
454:
452:
449:representing
448:
444:
440:
431:
424:
422:
420:
416:
413:Prior to the
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
383:" to support
382:
366:
362:
358:
337:
328:
327:
320:
311:
307:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
279:
275:
266:
261:
257:
252:
247:
239:
237:
233:
225:
223:
219:
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
188:
184:
181:
178:
176:
172:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
108:
104:
99:Chuan Chuchan
98:
94:
91:Piya Tawichai
90:
88:
84:
80:
74:
71:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
33:
27:
19:
2780:
2682:"ECT report"
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2659:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2634:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2608:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2583:Pptvhd36.com
2582:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:Isranews.org
2556:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2530:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2506:Bangkok Post
2505:
2479:. Retrieved
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2450:Bangkok Post
2449:
2425:. Retrieved
2421:the original
2416:
2392:. Retrieved
2388:Isranews.org
2387:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2364:Bangkok Post
2363:
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2312:the original
2307:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2277:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:the original
2222:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2197:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2167:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2137:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2112:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2032:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
2002:
1993:
1985:Bangkok Post
1984:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1933:Bangkok Post
1932:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1908:Bangkok Post
1907:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1792:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1761:
1752:
1725:
1721:
1694:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1665:Bangkok Post
1664:
1619:
1615:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:THE STANDARD
1585:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1517:Bangkok Post
1516:
1507:
1498:
1478:Bangkok Post
1477:
1467:
1458:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:the original
1427:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1370:
1361:
1331:(1): 52–68.
1328:
1324:
1302:
1292:
1278:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1238:
1224:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:the original
1078:
1069:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1026:
1002:
979:
977:(until 2024)
974:
938:
900:Total votes
854:
844:
832:
829:
821:
813:
810:
802:
799:
792:
788:
784:
780:
764:
755:
752:
744:
728:
720:
716:
709:
698:
678:
674:
552:
540:
528:
511:
509:
504:
468:
466:
455:
436:
412:
393:
370:ชวน ชูจันทร์
325:
305:
304:
200:
124:Headquarters
87:Spokesperson
56:Abbreviation
26:
3149:(2014–2024)
3141:(2007–2023)
3133:(2018–2020)
3125:(1998–2020)
3117:(2018–2019)
3109:(2011–2019)
3101:(2010-2019)
3093:(2014–2019)
3085:(2009–2019)
3077:(2009–2013)
3069:(2008–2018)
3061:(2007–2008)
3053:(2006–2018)
3045:(1998–2008)
3037:(1998–2007)
3029:(1992–2005)
3021:(1992–1993)
3005:(1988–2007)
2997:(1974–2018)
2989:(1974–2008)
2981:(1974–1988)
2973:(1974–1976)
2965:(1974–1976)
2957:(1974–1976)
2949:(1968–1971)
2941:(1957–1958)
2933:(1955–1957)
2917:(1927–1947)
2589:26 December
2537:26 December
2511:26 December
2481:26 December
2455:26 December
2427:26 December
2394:26 December
2369:26 December
2344:26 December
2318:26 December
2288:26 December
2258:28 November
2233:29 November
2203:28 November
2178:28 November
2148:28 November
2118:28 November
2093:29 November
2068:29 November
2043:27 November
1860:27 November
1830:27 November
1788:New Mandala
1566:27 November
1540:27 November
1377:27 November
1155:thestandard
1080:De Agostini
937:116 seats;
408:Bhumjaithai
3177:Categories
2829:Fair Party
2754:Parliament
2615:3 February
2563:3 February
2531:The Nation
2417:The Nation
2308:The Nation
2278:The Nation
2223:The Nation
2168:The Nation
2138:The Nation
2033:The Nation
2003:The Nation
1762:The Nation
1696:3 February
1670:30 January
1438:30 January
1428:The Nation
1091:5 February
1075:"Thailand"
1018:References
973:81 seats;
926:8,433,137
806:King Power
569:monopolies
497:Red Shirts
332:pronounced
249:Party flag
180:Right-wing
165:Monarchism
138:Membership
116:2018-03-02
2847:New Party
2666:5 January
2640:5 January
2611:(in Thai)
1964:23 August
1938:23 August
1913:23 August
1888:23 August
1794:23 August
1768:23 August
1744:2051-364X
1644:202295561
1636:0030-851X
1400:Ect.go.th
1353:213208424
1345:2057-8911
1216:158636811
921:116 / 500
894:Election
856:Prachatai
782:advance.
682:, former
564:Pheu Thai
410:parties.
365:2014 coup
295:Elections
128:Lat Phrao
2690:cite web
1592:14 March
1405:13 March
962:530,017
957:40 / 500
849:and the
824:Yasothon
729:Per the
631:Democrat
549:Policies
512:Sam Mitr
505:Sam Mitr
469:Sam Mitr
425:Founding
404:Democrat
379:) as a "
228:40 / 500
147:Ideology
96:Founders
2475:YouTube
1269:YouTube
929:23.73%
637:leader.
633:MP and
495:), the
441:at the
394:In the
344:
321::
263:Website
186:Colours
132:Bangkok
114: (
106:Founded
3013:(1992)
2013:3 July
1742:
1642:
1634:
1393:"ABCD"
1351:
1343:
1214:
1131:Quartz
965:1.35%
879:, and
647:leader
604:leader
503:. The
359:, the
242:2 / 50
209:Anthem
197:Slogan
190:
141:53,813
65:Leader
2771:(141)
2765:(143)
2756:(500)
1640:S2CID
1396:(PDF)
1349:S2CID
1212:S2CID
994:Notes
980:Split
865:Drake
851:junta
2801:(10)
2795:(25)
2789:(36)
2783:(40)
2777:(71)
2696:link
2668:2019
2642:2019
2617:2019
2591:2018
2565:2019
2539:2018
2513:2018
2483:2018
2457:2018
2429:2018
2396:2018
2371:2018
2346:2018
2320:2018
2290:2018
2260:2018
2235:2018
2205:2018
2180:2018
2150:2018
2120:2018
2095:2018
2070:2018
2045:2018
2015:2018
1966:2020
1940:2020
1915:2020
1890:2020
1862:2018
1832:2018
1796:2020
1770:2020
1740:ISSN
1698:2019
1672:2019
1632:ISSN
1594:2019
1568:2018
1542:2018
1440:2019
1407:2019
1379:2018
1341:ISSN
1093:2020
951:2023
915:2019
645:PDRC
635:PDRC
602:PDRC
491:and
406:and
341:lit.
319:RTGS
310:Thai
270:pprp
192:Blue
59:PPRP
2873:(1)
2867:(1)
2861:(1)
2855:(1)
2849:(1)
2843:(1)
2837:(1)
2831:(2)
2825:(2)
2819:(3)
2813:(6)
2807:(9)
1730:doi
1624:doi
1333:doi
1202:doi
746:to
571:).
387:in
274:.th
272:.or
3179::
2692:}}
2688:{{
2658:.
2633:.
2607:.
2581:.
2555:.
2529:.
2504:.
2491:^
2473:.
2448:.
2437:^
2415:.
2404:^
2362:.
2337:.
2306:.
2276:.
2251:.
2221:.
2196:.
2166:.
2136:.
2111:.
2086:.
2061:.
2031:.
2001:.
1983:.
1956:.
1931:.
1906:.
1881:.
1870:^
1853:.
1840:^
1823:.
1804:^
1786:.
1760:.
1738:.
1724:.
1720:.
1706:^
1688:.
1663:.
1652:^
1638:.
1630:.
1620:92
1618:.
1614:.
1602:^
1584:.
1558:.
1533:.
1515:.
1497:.
1486:^
1476:.
1457:.
1426:.
1415:^
1398:.
1369:.
1347:.
1339:.
1327:.
1311:^
1301:.
1266:.
1210:.
1196:.
1192:.
1153:.
1129:.
1095:.
1077:.
1045:.
883:.
875:,
770:,
391:.
339:;
330:,
316:,
312::
130:,
2729:e
2722:t
2715:v
2698:)
2670:.
2644:.
2619:.
2593:.
2567:.
2541:.
2515:.
2485:.
2459:.
2431:.
2398:.
2373:.
2348:.
2322:.
2292:.
2262:.
2237:.
2207:.
2182:.
2152:.
2122:.
2097:.
2072:.
2047:.
2017:.
1987:.
1968:.
1942:.
1917:.
1892:.
1864:.
1834:.
1798:.
1772:.
1746:.
1732::
1726:6
1700:.
1674:.
1646:.
1626::
1596:.
1570:.
1544:.
1480:.
1461:.
1442:.
1409:.
1381:.
1355:.
1335::
1329:5
1305:.
1246:.
1218:.
1204::
1198:6
1177:.
1063:.
353:'
347:'
308:(
118:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.