75:
227:
33:
52:
522:
now has worldwide distribution. It is regarded as native to both North
America and Eurasia, but this is debated and it appears that the populations in North America are made up of a mixture of cultivars of both those that were introduced from Europe and indigenous varieties.
1101:
388:– such as 'Castor' and 'Feesey'. The latter has a pink tinge to the leaves. When grown, although drought-tolerant, it likes abundant water and can even be grown as an aquatic plant.
360:
are up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long. The spikelets are light green, often streaked with darker green or purple. This is a perennial grass which spreads underground by its thick
736:
1038:
Marten, G. C.; Jordan, R. M.; Hovin, A. W. (1976). "Biological
Significance of Reed Canarygrass Alkaloids and Associated Palatability Variation to Grazing Sheep and Cattle".
705:
1446:
1671:
1547:
787:
970:
Woods, D. L.; Hovin, A. W.; Marten, G. C. (1979). "Seasonal
Variation of Hordenine and Gramine Concentrations and Their Heritability in Reed Canarygrass".
1843:
1823:
1358:
1808:
1472:
1397:
642:
633:
455:; however, N,N-DMT is considered most desirable. Although the concentrations of these compounds is lower than in other potential sources, such as
1788:
1632:
1583:
256:
that commonly forms extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas, with a wide distribution in
1818:
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Fire
Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
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59:
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1645:
1552:
780:
1828:
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998:
74:
1588:
1166:
589:
1650:
804:
Wilkinson, S. (1958). "428. 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine: a new indole alkaloid from
Phalaris arundinacea L".
1793:
1345:
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1324:
718:
1319:
1223:
1128:
1298:
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power stations. Furthermore, it provides fibers which find use in pulp and papermaking processes.
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1637:
1332:
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436:
69:
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391:
Reed canary grass grows well on poor soil and contaminated industrial sites, and researchers at
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983:
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699:
593:
463:
311:
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511:. The grass propagates by seed and rhizome, and once established, is difficult to eradicate.
1601:
1490:
1075:
The alkaloids Volume 4, A review of the literature published between July 1972 and June 1973
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555:
99:
32:
1676:
1311:
1024:
661:
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831:
395:'s Contaminated Land & Water Centre have suggested it as the ideal candidate for
269:
217:
125:
1109:
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957:
Grass weeds / 2, Weeds of the subfamilies 'Chloridoideae', 'Pooideae', 'Oryzoideae'
400:
1389:
1376:
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1500:
1190:
1177:
1709:
1539:
1521:
1410:
1160:
1011:
Smith, Terence A. (1977). "Review: Tryptamine and
Related Compounds in Plants".
230:
138:
491:, particularly in disturbed areas. It has been reported as an invasive weed in
1077:. (Specialist Periodical Reports). London: The Chemical Society. p. 130.
492:
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The grass can also easily be turned into bricks or pellets for burning in
1684:
1560:
1200:
1145:
870:(reed canarygrass) with live willow stakes: A density-dependent response.
813:
361:
168:
851:
467:, large enough quantities of the grass can be refined to make an ad hoc
1363:
1244:
1002:
536:
488:
357:
158:
905:
Batzer, Darold P.; Sharitz, Rebecca R. (2006). "Wetland
Restoration".
1415:
1118:
Jepson Manual
Treatment - taxonomy and distribution within California
496:
425:
265:
257:
148:
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384:, including variegated (striped) cultivars – sometimes called
1438:
1275:
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909:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p.
757:"Candidate crops for contaminated land biofuels crop considered"
349:
261:
1126:
421:
503:
invades a wetland, it inhibits native vegetation and reduces
348:
The stems can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. The
499:, and other wetland habitat types around the world. When
890:) as a biological model in the study of plant invasions.
785:) as raw material for production of paper pulp and fuel.
435:
may also be used as a source for the psychedelic drugs
1135:
830:Apfelbaum, Stephen I.; Sams, Charles E. (1997).
8:
959:. Documenta. Basel, Switzerland: CIBA-Geigy.
907:Ecology of freshwater and estuarine wetlands
825:
823:
704:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
832:"Ecology and control of reed canary grass (
579:Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds. (2015).
272:. Other common names for the plant include
1123:
955:Häfliger, Ernst; Scholz, Hildemar (1980).
50:
31:
20:
984:10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900060026x
806:Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)
1060:10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800060017x
781:Use of biomass from reed canary grass (
732:
730:
643:United States Department of Agriculture
634:Germplasm Resources Information Network
571:
1073:Saxton, J. Edwin; et al. (1974).
884:Lavergne, S. and J. Molofsky. (2004).
697:
582:English Names for Korean Native Plants
352:blades are usually green, but may be
7:
1723:b2f88216-d903-4e8c-ae25-b1ecc00fa4cf
1576:284baae2-9c6f-42ac-9bc9-bf223ce88a46
677:
675:
673:
531:Specimens contain varying levels of
997:Pennanen, Petrus (December 1995).
893:Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
14:
554:and related compounds. Levels of
1651:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:415571-1
73:
1844:Psychedelic tryptamine carriers
1824:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens
779:Andersson, B. and E. Lindvall.
233:, garden of Islington College,
1809:Garden plants of North America
380:have been selected for use as
1:
1789:Bunchgrasses of North America
1025:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86778-3
639:Agricultural Research Service
1819:Grasses of the United States
794:internationalgrasslands.org.
1849:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
864:Kim, K. D., et al. (2006).
682:Waggy, Melissa, A. (2010).
1870:
1769:NatureServe secure species
562:have also been reported.
207:
200:
70:Scientific classification
68:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1839:Plants described in 1753
755:Bond, Sam (2010-02-23).
590:Korea National Arboretum
447:(bufotenin), as well as
1834:Phytoremediation plants
1804:Garden plants of Europe
834:Phalaris arundinacea L.
507:. It alters the entire
1784:Bunchgrasses of Europe
1774:Bunchgrasses of Africa
1110:USDA Plants Database:
873:Ecological Engineering
667:USDA NRCS Plant Guide.
237:
1799:Garden plants of Asia
999:"Tryptamine Carriers"
840:Natural Areas Journal
420:is also planted as a
229:
1779:Bunchgrasses of Asia
1566:Phalaris~arundinacea
1338:Phalaris arundinacea
1167:Phalaris arundinacea
1137:Phalaris arundinacea
1112:Phalaris arundinacea
1104:Phalaris arundinacea
939:(reed canary grass)"
937:Phalaris arundinacea
888:Phalaris arundinacea
868:Phalaris arundinacea
814:10.1039/jr9580002079
783:Phalaris arundinacea
738:Phalaris arundinacea
720:Phalaris arundinacea
686:Phalaris arundinacea
663:Phalaris arundinacea
627:Phalaris arundinacea
611:Korea Forest Service
505:biological diversity
403:and biodiversity at
242:Phalaris arundinacea
211:Phalaris arundinacea
25:Phalaris arundinacea
1052:1976AgrJ...68..909M
952:citing, inter alia,
886:Reed canary grass (
527:Chemical properties
393:Teesside University
193:P. arundinacea
42:Conservation status
1854:Grasses of Lebanon
790:2016-03-04 at the
458:Psychotria viridis
274:gardener's-garters
238:
1814:Grasses of Canada
1756:
1755:
1597:Open Tree of Life
1129:Taxon identifiers
1084:978-0-85186-287-3
920:978-0-520-24777-2
599:978-89-97450-98-5
464:Mimosa tenuiflora
382:ornamental plants
247:reed canary grass
224:
223:
63:
1861:
1829:Phalaris (plant)
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1102:Flora Europaea:
1089:
1088:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1040:Agronomy Journal
1035:
1029:
1028:
1006:
1001:. Archived from
994:
988:
987:
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485:invasive species
479:In many places,
431:This species of
397:phytoremediation
213:
78:
77:
57:
54:
53:
35:
21:
16:Species of Plant
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1498:MichiganFlora:
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1005:on 6 July 1997.
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803:
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792:Wayback Machine
778:
774:
765:
763:
754:
753:
749:
735:
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724:Flora of China.
717:
713:
696:
681:
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671:
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623:
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592:. p. 568.
585:
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556:beta-carbolines
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231:Variegated form
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1794:Flora of Korea
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1746:wfo-0000889610
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1096:External links
1094:
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1046:(6): 909–914.
1030:
1013:Phytochemistry
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978:(6): 853–857.
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895:23(5) 415–429.
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481:P. arundinacea
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418:P. arundinacea
378:P. arundinacea
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317:caniço-malhado
287:alpiste roseau
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118:
117:
114:
111:
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104:
101:
100:Tracheophytes
98:
95:
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82:
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67:
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992:
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971:
965:
956:
951:
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936:
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900:
892:
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880:
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867:
866:Controlling
860:
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843:
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761:edie.net/crc
760:
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646:. Retrieved
632:
626:
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609:– via
603:. Retrieved
581:
574:
543:
541:
530:
519:
518:
515:Distribution
500:
495:, riverside
480:
478:
462:
456:
432:
430:
424:crop or for
417:
416:
409:
401:soil quality
390:
386:ribbon grass
385:
377:
372:A number of
371:
347:
332:
331:
327:hierba cinta
326:
325:
316:
315:
306:
305:
296:
295:
286:
285:
278:ribbon grass
277:
273:
246:
241:
240:
239:
210:
208:
192:
191:
179:
132:
119:
106:
93:
24:
18:
1522:NatureServe
1411:iNaturalist
1161:Wikispecies
1019:: 171–175.
875:26 219–227.
588:. Pocheon:
493:floodplains
344:Description
333:pasto cinto
264:, northern
165:Subfamily:
139:Commelinids
113:Angiosperms
60:NatureServe
1763:Categories
1730:WisFlora:
1625:kew-433393
1620:Plant List
1221:Calflora:
766:2010-04-17
648:2017-12-15
566:References
542:Leaves of
405:brownfield
354:variegated
322:Portuguese
307:kusa-yoshi
254:bunchgrass
1385:GrassBase
1351:200025869
1325:200025869
1307:FloraBase
744:'Feesey'.
560:hordenine
552:5-MeO-DMT
533:hordenine
509:ecosystem
469:ayahuasca
453:5-MeO-NMT
449:Hordenine
441:5-MeO-DMT
374:cultivars
251:perennial
187:Species:
83:Kingdom:
1718:VicFlora
1707:VASCAN:
1690:25509858
1685:Tropicos
1561:NSWFlora
1527:2.159238
1452:11167416
1439:415571-1
1390:imp07941
1198:BioLib:
1146:Wikidata
945:16 March
852:43910930
808:: 2079.
788:Archived
700:cite web
605:12 March
546:contain
489:wetlands
445:5-OH-DMT
433:Phalaris
362:rhizomes
358:panicles
312:Japanese
180:Phalaris
169:Pooideae
155:Family:
126:Monocots
1700:5407174
1509:MoBotPF
1364:5289756
1263:1114732
1245:Ecocrop
1152:Q157419
1048:Bibcode
537:gramine
497:meadows
475:Ecology
412:biomass
407:sites.
338:Spanish
282:English
175:Genus:
159:Poaceae
145:Order:
87:Plantae
58: (
56:Secure
1697:uBio:
1677:1278-3
1633:PLANTS
1602:408214
1573:NZOR:
1514:285212
1491:164064
1299:phaaru
1296:FEIS:
1289:192396
1214:121024
1175:APDB:
1081:
1008:citing
941:. CABI
917:
850:
596:
483:is an
471:brew.
426:forage
356:. The
324:, and
302:German
292:French
266:Africa
258:Europe
149:Poales
1672:SANBI
1664:12619
1638:PHAR3
1609:PFI:
1584:NZPCN
1553:96050
1478:41335
1465:55423
1447:IRMNG
1423:IPA:
1416:63337
1403:27512
1333:FoAO2
1284:EUNIS
1276:TYPAR
1237:4FRDZ
1201:42641
1191:66272
1178:52234
848:JSTOR
742:picta
740:var.
586:(PDF)
245:, or
235:Nepal
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
1733:4470
1710:7818
1646:POWO
1612:8770
1589:3028
1548:NCBI
1501:2180
1486:IUCN
1473:ITIS
1434:IPNI
1426:6170
1398:GRIN
1372:GISD
1359:GBIF
1271:EPPO
1250:8488
1224:6417
1209:BOLD
1186:APNI
1079:ISBN
947:2020
915:ISBN
706:link
607:2019
594:ISBN
558:and
535:and
461:and
451:and
443:and
368:Uses
350:leaf
330:and
276:and
268:and
262:Asia
1741:WFO
1659:RHS
1535:NBN
1460:ISC
1377:394
1346:FoC
1320:FNA
1312:549
1258:EoL
1232:CoL
1056:doi
1021:doi
980:doi
911:395
810:doi
548:DMT
487:in
437:DMT
422:hay
376:of
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