958:
because the country was destitute of harbours, because the
Lacedaemonians might send relief forces, and because provisions were scarce in the land, he quickly turned about, and sailing away, came to anchor at Phoenicus in the island of Cythera. And when those who held possession of the city of the Cytherians abandoned their walls through fear of being captured by storm, he allowed them to depart to Laconia under a truce, and having repaired the wall of the Cytherians, left in Cythera a garrison of his own and Nicophemus, an Athenian, as governor. After doing these things and sailing to the Isthmus of Corinth and there exhorting the allies to carry on the war zealously and show themselves men faithful to the King, he left them all the money that he had and sailed off homeward. (...) The Corinthians, on the other hand, manned ships with the money which Pharnabazus left, appointed Agathinus as admiral, and established their mastery of the sea in the gulf around
1218:
1395:
454:
1266:
395:
1341:
863:
1118:
988:
1035:
the
Lacedaemonians than this. (...) Pharnabazus, upon hearing this, eagerly dispatched him to Athens and gave him additional money for the rebuilding of the walls. Upon his arrival Conon erected a large part of the wall, giving his own crews for the work, paying the wages of carpenters and masons, and meeting whatever other expense was necessary. There were some parts of the wall, however, which the Athenians themselves, as well as volunteers from Boeotia and from other states, aided in building.
542:
686:
195:
1390:
187:
1383:
2342:
2543:
31:
693:
1837:"Persian coins were stamped with the figure of an archer, and Agesilaus said, as he was breaking camp, that the King was driving him out of Asia with ten thousand "archers"; for so much money had been sent to Athens and Thebes and distributed among the popular leaders there, and as a consequence those people made war upon the Spartans" Plutarch 15-1-6 in
757:
741:
805:
789:
773:
725:
709:
377:) had lately called upon him for the tribute from his government, for which he was in arrears, being unable to raise it from the Hellenic towns by reason of the Athenians; and he therefore calculated that by weakening the Athenians he should get the tribute better paid, and should also draw the Lacedaemonians into alliance with the king.
1034:
Conon said that if he (Pharnabazus) would allow him to have the fleet, he would maintain it by contributions from the islands and would meanwhile put in at Athens and aid the
Athenians in rebuilding their long walls and the wall around Piraeus, adding that he knew nothing could be a heavier blow to
957:
Pharnabazus, and Conon with him, sailed through the islands to Melos, and making that their base, went on to
Lacedaemon. And first Pharnabazus put in at Pherae and laid waste this region; then he made descents at one point and another of the coast and did whatever harm he could. But being fearful
673:
were the only cities to refuse to expel the
Lacedaemonians despite threats from Pharnabazus to make war on them. He attempted to force these into submission by ravaging the surrounding territory, but this proved fruitless, leading him to leave Conon in charge of winning over the cities in the
561:, the capital of Hellenistic Phrygia. Pharnabazus had several military encounters against the invading Spartans on this occasion. Pharnabazus finally met in person with Agesilaos, and Agesilaos agreed to remove himself from Hellespontine Phrygia proper and retreated to the
1007:, the main port of Athens, would be a major blow to the Lacedaemonians, Pharnabazus eagerly gave Conon a fleet of 80 triremes and additional funds to accomplish this task. Pharnabazus dispatched Conon with substantial funds and a large part of the fleet to
1205:
After several weeks the
Persians, and their Greek mercenaries under Iphicrates, had to re-embark. The expedition against Egypt had failed. It was the end of the career of Pharnabazus, who was now over 70 years old. Pharnabazus was replaced by
914:, where they left a garrison and an Athenian governor to cripple Sparta's offensive military capabilities. Cythera in effect became Achaemenid territory. Seizing Cythera also had the effect of cutting the strategic route between
426:. The conduct of the war was much hindered by the rivalry between the two satraps, of whom Pharnabazus was by far the more energetic and upright. Pharnabazus initially fought with the Spartans against the Athenians during the
1051:
With the assistance of the rowers of the fleet, and the workers paid for by the
Persian money, the construction was soon completed. Athens quickly took advantage of its possession of walls and a fleet to seize the islands of
1631:
Though many of his details cannot be independently corroborated, Plutarch's version is this: Lysander sent an envoy to
Pharnabazus who then dispatched his brother to Phrygia where Alcibiades was living with his mistress,
445:. As Alcibiades was about to set out for the Persian court, his residence was surrounded and set on fire. Seeing no chance of escape he rushed out on his assassins, dagger in hand, and was killed by a shower of arrows.
1194:. Eventually the fleet managed to find its way up the less-defended Mendesian branch. At this point, the mutual distrust that had arisen between Iphicrates and Pharnabazus prevented the enemy from reaching
903:
against Sparta. Eventually they left due to scarce resources and few harbors for the
Achaemenid fleet in the area, as well as the looming possibility of Lacedaemonian relief forces being dispatched.
1967:
888:, that the Achaemenid fleet was going so far west. The military occupation by these pro-Athenian forces led to several democratic revolutions and new alliances with Athens in the islands.
520:. His cavalry is said to have killed about 500 Greek mercenaries on that occasion, and mounted several raids on the Greek mercenaries. Pharnabazus then arranged with the Spartan admiral
1241:
A large number of coins have been found from that period, presumably in order to pay for the troops, particularly for the Greek troops under
Iphicrates. The large coinage was minted in
611:
The outbreak of the conflict in Greece had been encouraged by Persian payments to Sparta's Greek rivals, and had for effect to remove the Spartan threat in Asia Minor. Pharnabazus sent
430:(431–404 BC), even, in one instance, coming to the rescue of the retreating Spartan forces, and riding his horse into the sea to fend off the Athenians while encouraging his regiment.
3436:
3466:
1202:
and the Egyptian defenders' resolve to defend their territory turned what had initially appeared as certain defeat for Nectanebo I and his troops into a complete victory.
1660:
1132:
After 4 years of preparations in the Levant, Pharnabazes gathered an expeditionary force had 200,000 Persian troops, 300 triremes, 200 galleys, and 12,000 Greeks under
1172:, king of Egypt, having added to its former defences by laying the neighbouring lands under water, and blocking up the navigable channels of the Nile by embankments. (
1071:
As a reward for his success, Pharnabazus was allowed to marry the king's daughter, Apame. He was recalled to the Achaemenid Empire in 393 BC, and replaced by satrap
505:
deep into Achaemenid territory in 401-399 BC. Cyrus the Younger failed, but the relationship between Sparta and the Achaemenid Empire remained adversarial.
2392:
2362:
1505:
941:, where he gave Sparta's rivals funds to further threaten the Lacedaemonians. He also funded the rebuilding of a Corinthian fleet to resist the Spartans.
3441:
665:
Pharnabazus followed up his victory at Cnidus by capturing several Spartan-allied cities in Ionia, instigating pro-Athenian and pro-Democracy movements.
1973:
1601:
365:
coast, tribute he had a hard time to obtain due to Athenian interference. Thucydides described this situation, faced by both satraps Pharnabazus and
3461:
2729:
1217:
3456:
2357:
1164:
in 373 BC. The expedition force was too slow, giving time to the Egyptians to strengthen defences. Pharnabazus and Iphicrates appeared before
3471:
2308:
2265:
CNG: CILICIA, Tarsos. Pharnabazos. Persian military commander, circa 380-374/3 BC. AR Stater (23mm, 10.62 g, 2h). Struck circa 378/7-374/3 BC
2060:
637:
from their obverse design, because that much money had been paid to politicians in Athens and Thebes in order to start a war against Sparta.
1394:
1628:
1288:
Pharnabazus was one of the best known Satraps among the Greeks, and had many exchanges with them. He is one of the main characters in the
891:
The fleet proceeded further west to take revenge on the Spartans by invading Lacedaemonian territory, where the Achaemenids laid waste to
2039:
3446:
2327:
2201:
2159:
2129:
2087:
1947:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1716:
1684:
1563:
516:
who were returning from their failed campaign in the centre of the Achaemenid Empire. He was also trying to stop them from entering
343:
2014:
685:
1643:
244:
3481:
2597:
1306:
453:
2385:
1498:
1281:
3223:
1527:
3412:
2934:
2249:
1265:
871:
926:, the harbour of Sparta. This strategy to threaten Sparta had already been recommended, in vain, by the exiled Spartan
627:, Agesilaus said upon leaving Asia Minor "I have been driven out by 10,000 Persian archers", a reference to "Archers" (
394:
3416:
3301:
2986:
2826:
478:
1340:
653:(394 BC) in which the Persians, allied with the former Athenian admiral and then commissioned into Persian service,
3451:
2756:
2378:
1491:
1406:
3476:
3189:
2919:
2897:
2222:
Moysey, Robert (1986). "The Silver Stater Issues of Pharnabazos and Datames from the Mint of Tarsus in Cilicia".
1117:
2587:
271:
1226:
1129:
to help command a military expedition into rebellious Egypt, having proven his ability against the Spartans.
357:
Pharnabazus II was first recorded as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia in 413 BC, when he received orders from
2704:
2694:
2512:
1457:
1437:
987:
577:
291:
267:
124:
104:
84:
72:
2190:
Gershevitch, I.; Fisher, William Bayne; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Frye, Richard Nelson (1985).
2148:
Gershevitch, I.; Fisher, William Bayne; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Frye, Richard Nelson (1985).
2076:
Gershevitch, I.; Fisher, William Bayne; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Frye, Richard Nelson (1985).
1225:
From 368 BC many western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire started to rebel against Artaxerxes II, in the
1093:
betrayed his Athenian allies and came to an arrangement with Sparta, to the expense of the Greek cities of
3375:
2999:
2791:
2684:
2411:
1417:
275:
1097:, which Sparta agreed to concede to the Achaemenids in exchange for Spartan domination in Greece. In the
2955:
2656:
2243:
1367:
649:(394–387 BC). During this period, Pharnabazus is notable for his command of the Achaemenid fleet at the
517:
468:
386:
263:
49:
3262:
2994:
2924:
2733:
2230:. Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) Vol. 31: American Numismatics Society: 7–61 (60 pages).
1326:
1229:, so Nectanebo provided financial support to the rebelling satraps and re-established ties with both
1101:
he forced his erstwhile allies to come to terms. This treaty restored control of the Greek cities of
1098:
1084:
612:
493:, creating a new threat for the Achaemenid Empire. The Spartans then antagonised the Achaemenid king
295:
433:
In 404 BC, Pharnabazus may also have been responsible for the assassination of the Athenian general
3184:
2831:
2502:
1334:
1300:
1277:
795:
666:
358:
303:
1794:
1190:
branch of the Nile ordered by Nectanebo forced the enemy fleet to seek another way to sail up the
549:(left) and Pharnabazus (right) in 395 BC, after which Agesilaus left Hellespontine Phrygia proper.
3132:
2796:
2231:
885:
657:, annihilated the Spartan fleet, ending Sparta's brief status as the dominant Greek naval power.
620:
1211:
541:
310:
1839:
1773:
2652:
2612:
2423:
2402:
2323:
2304:
2197:
2191:
2155:
2149:
2125:
2083:
2077:
2056:
1995:
1943:
1872:
1845:
1818:
1812:
1712:
1706:
1680:
1674:
1559:
1356:
1136:. The Achaemenid Empire had also been applying pressure on Athens to recall the Greek general
892:
841:
830:
731:
576:, Agesilaus was still planning a campaign in the interior of Asia Minor, or even an attack on
498:
486:
438:
427:
279:
255:
157:
152:
139:
2119:
1937:
1866:
1109:
on the Anatolian coast to the Persians, while giving Sparta dominance on the Greek mainland.
2907:
2482:
1389:
1173:
911:
699:
650:
423:
318:
222:
Ship's prow left, with a griffin and prophylactic eye; two dolphins downward; below, a tuna.
194:
169:
3359:
3128:
2714:
2554:
2522:
2467:
1477:
1177:
763:
601:
351:
354:
at that time, and formed the largest threat to the Achaemenid possessions in Asia Minor.
1788:
3194:
3097:
3043:
2517:
2296:
1273:
1195:
852:
646:
597:
585:
573:
562:
238:
164:
1760:
1739:
1382:
441:. The assassination was probably at the instigation of the Spartans, and specifically
186:
3430:
3365:
3286:
3249:
3089:
3066:
3009:
2751:
2689:
2637:
2353:
2348:
1427:
1126:
1090:
605:
494:
347:
880:
From 393 BC, Pharnabazus II and Conon sailed with his fleet to the Aegean island of
3345:
3102:
3084:
3051:
2965:
2811:
2709:
2642:
2617:
2607:
2492:
1467:
1318:
1269:
915:
546:
513:
502:
411:
366:
342:
in the 5th century BC, following the Greeks' victories over the Achaemenids in the
218:), head of Pharnabazos, wearing the satrapal cap tied below his chin, with diadem.
114:
2370:
2263:
1531:
623:, were used to bribe the Greek states to start a war against Sparta. According to
524:
for the rest of the Greek mercenaries to be shipped out of the Asian continent to
1553:
947:
gave a detailed contemporary account of the naval campaign of Pharnabazus in his
3179:
3112:
2975:
2816:
2806:
2622:
2592:
2472:
1169:
1141:
1020:
230:
298:
also became a satrap of Phrygia. According to some accounts, his granddaughter
3155:
3150:
3071:
3061:
3028:
2945:
2929:
2892:
2767:
2679:
2664:
2602:
2542:
2527:
2462:
2439:
2432:
1311:
1199:
1182:
1157:
1133:
1094:
1012:
1000:
992:
558:
490:
464:
434:
399:
382:
339:
1754:
1733:
884:
and established a base there. This was the first time in 90 years, since the
3335:
3321:
3317:
3291:
3267:
3145:
3140:
3076:
3033:
2970:
2887:
2801:
2781:
2776:
2674:
2669:
2627:
2507:
2497:
1290:
1072:
949:
927:
554:
525:
521:
374:
287:
30:
1140:, who was in the service of the Egyptians, but in vain. The Egyptian ruler
875:
Achaemenid naval campaign against Sparta in the Corinthian War (394-393 BC)
1582:
1317:
The family of Pharnabazus was closely related to the Greek world. His son
1210:
to lead a second expedition to Egypt, but he failed and then started the "
501:, their ally during the Peloponnesian war, leading to the campaign of the
3385:
3339:
3257:
3233:
3174:
2950:
2853:
2821:
2786:
2746:
2632:
2572:
2487:
1295:
1187:
1165:
1145:
1137:
1065:
1040:
971:
963:
944:
931:
923:
896:
624:
509:
442:
2235:
1646:
and W. Smith, New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, 39.
3399:
3395:
3389:
3369:
3355:
3325:
3296:
3278:
3228:
3215:
3204:
3199:
3023:
2960:
2939:
2879:
2869:
2858:
2741:
2719:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2562:
2477:
2457:
2452:
2446:
1330:
1246:
1207:
1016:
1004:
938:
922:
and thus avoiding Spartan-Egyptian collusion, and directly threatening
907:
747:
629:
459:
322:
299:
283:
199:
1558:. Hawkins Publications ; distributed by B. A. Seaby. p. 48.
641:
Participation to the Corinthian War on the side of Athens (395-393 BC)
3379:
3238:
3107:
3056:
2874:
2532:
1603:
Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Book 8, chapter 5, section 5&6
1363:
1322:
1242:
1230:
1161:
1106:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1008:
959:
899:
coast. Their aim was probably to instigate a revolt of the Messanian
811:
779:
670:
645:
Pharnabazes went on to aid the Athenians against the Spartans in the
616:
593:
589:
581:
473:
419:
403:
314:
259:
249:
45:
937:
Pharnabazus II, leaving part of his fleet in Cythera, then went to
553:
Hellespontine Phrygia was attacked and ravaged by the Spartan king
3329:
3166:
2911:
2842:
2347:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1339:
1264:
1216:
1116:
1102:
986:
919:
900:
881:
820:
715:
654:
634:
566:
540:
452:
415:
393:
362:
203:
193:
185:
1997:
A History of Greece from the Earliest Times to the Roman Conquest
3349:
1325:, and lived in exile with his family at the Macedonian court of
1254:
1250:
1191:
999:
After being convinced by Conon that allowing him to rebuild the
2374:
346:(480-479 BC). Athens, powered by the alliance formed under the
1121:
Achaemenid campaign of Pharnabazus II against Egypt in 373 BC.
557:
in 396-395 BC, who particularly laid waste to the area around
361:
to send in the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities on the
2121:
Trouble in the West: Egypt and the Persian Empire, 525-332 BC
2053:
Trouble in the West: Egypt and the Persian Empire, 525-332 BC
1939:
Trouble in the West: Egypt and the Persian Empire, 525-332 BC
242:
2541:
1759:. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. p.
1738:. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. p.
489:(431–404 BC), the Spartans became the dominant power in the
2366:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
402:
may have been organized by Pharnabazes, at the request of
16:
Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia from 413 to 374 BC
3411:
In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by
2055:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 55–62.
1844:. Delphi Classics. 2013. pp. 1031, Plutarch 15–1–6.
1961:
1959:
1868:
The Ancient Near East, Greece and Rome: A Brief History
497:
by militarily supporting the rival bid of his brother
1676:
The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World
1555:
The ancient & classical world, 600 B.C.-A.D. 650
1156:
The force landed in Egypt with the Athenian general
3310:
3276:
3247:
3213:
3164:
3127:
3042:
3008:
2984:
2906:
2840:
2765:
2728:
2651:
2552:
2419:
145:
135:
130:
120:
110:
99:
94:
78:
66:
44:
21:
1793:. Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. 1882. p.
537:Conflict with Spartan King Agesilaos in Asia Minor
286:of Hellespontine Phrygia from its headquarters at
995:, and provided his seamen as manpower, in 393 BC.
398:The assassination of the exiled Athenian general
1942:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 57–60.
1711:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 137–140.
615:as an envoy to Greece, and tens of thousands of
190:Pharnabazus was Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.
2322:. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VI.
1841:Delphi Complete Works of Plutarch (Illustrated)
1032:
955:
371:
2318:Lloyd, Alan B. (1994). "Egypt, 404–332 B.C.".
1814:Coins and Currency: An Historical Encyclopedia
1753:Brownson, Carlson L. (Carleton Lewis) (1886).
1732:Brownson, Carlson L. (Carleton Lewis) (1883).
1596:
1594:
1337:'s concubine and may have had a child by him.
1272:as Barsine, granddaughter of Pharnabazus, and
1125:In 377 BC, Pharnabazus was then reassigned by
2386:
1673:Campbell, Brian; Tritle, Lawrence A. (2012).
1577:
1575:
1499:
334:War with Sparta against Athens (c.413-404 BC)
8:
2124:. Oxford University Press. pp. 99–105.
290:since 478 BC. He married Apama, daughter of
198:Coinage of Pharnabazos, circa 398-396/5 BC,
3437:Achaemenid satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia
2196:. Cambridge University Press. p. 374.
2154:. Cambridge University Press. p. 373.
2082:. Cambridge University Press. p. 372.
1644:Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
1329:for more than ten years. His granddaughter
1221:Coinage of Pharnabazus II, Tarsos, Cilicia.
1011:, where he joined in the rebuilding of the
532:War with Athens against Sparta (395–387 BC)
2393:
2379:
2371:
2224:Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society)
2000:. William Ware & Company. p. 419.
1506:
1492:
1352:
512:against the plundering raids of the Greek
35:Portrait of Pharnabazus II on his coinage.
29:
18:
3467:Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire
1700:
1698:
1696:
1249:. The coins use images of the god of war
278:. He and his male ancestors, forming the
2143:
2141:
2101:
2099:
1679:. Oxford University Press. p. 150.
692:
508:Pharnabazus was involved in helping the
1790:Cassell's illustrated universal history
1783:
1781:
1708:The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Troy
1584:Plutarch: Life of Eumenes - translation
1519:
1355:
1144:was thus supported by Athenian General
1019:, a project that had been initiated by
449:Conflict with the Ten Thousand (399 BC)
2278:
2241:
2105:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
991:Pharnabazus funded the rebuilding the
862:
678:Naval raids on the Peloponnesian coast
2217:
2215:
2213:
2185:
2183:
2174:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1806:
1804:
1253:wearing an Attic helmet, or a seated
1079:Final settlement with Sparta (386 BC)
338:Athens was the dominant power in the
7:
1969:Perseus Under Philologic: Xen. 4.8.7
1168:, but retired without attacking it,
1304:, and is also very present in the
14:
3442:Admirals of the Achaemenid Empire
1344:Family tree after Pharnabazus II.
983:Rebuilding of the walls of Athens
580:himself, when he was recalled to
418:, entered into negotiations with
344:Second Persian invasion of Greece
2340:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1321:married a Greek noblewoman from
1307:History of the Peloponnesian War
861:
803:
787:
771:
755:
739:
723:
707:
691:
684:
3462:People of the Peloponnesian War
1627:Concerning the Team of Horses,
1282:Alexander the Great (1956 film)
1261:Pharnabazus in Greek literature
1113:Campaign against Egypt (373 BC)
756:
740:
329:Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia
1865:Schwartzwald, Jack L. (2014).
1811:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015).
906:They then raided the coast of
804:
788:
772:
724:
572:In 394, while encamped on the
437:, who had taken refuge in the
1:
3457:5th-century BC Iranian people
2193:The Cambridge History of Iran
2151:The Cambridge History of Iran
2079:The Cambridge History of Iran
1186:c. 5.) Fortifications on the
708:
633:) the Greek nickname for the
545:Meeting between Spartan King
3472:People of the Corinthian War
1774:History of the Greeks, p.186
1705:Rose, Charles Brian (2014).
250:
2303:. Oxford: Blackwell Books.
1552:Mitchiner, Michael (1978).
592:and the combined forces of
485:After their victory in the
471:(center) attacking a Greek
350:, has even been called the
317:, one of the associates of
258:soldier and statesman, and
3498:
2539:
2301:A History of Ancient Egypt
1817:. McFarland. p. 125.
1214:" against the Great King.
1082:
1064:, on which it established
608:and several minor states.
254:; ruled 413-374 BC) was a
243:
3409:
3062:Queen Amoashtart (regent)
2409:
2118:Ruzicka, Stephen (2012).
2051:Ruzicka, Stephen (2012).
1936:Ruzicka, Stephen (2012).
1871:. McFarland. p. 73.
1616:Xenophon Hellenica, 1.1.6
1026:According to Xenophon in
910:and seized the island of
309:According to research by
180:
90:
55:
40:
28:
3447:5th-century BC governors
2248:: CS1 maint: location (
860:
802:
786:
770:
754:
738:
722:
706:
690:
481:, early 4th century BCE.
313:, he was descended from
274:, and great-grandson of
62:413 BC – 387 BC
3482:4th century BC in Egypt
2363:Encyclopædia Britannica
1994:Smith, William (1877).
1891:Xenophon Hellenica, 4.3
619:, the main currency in
292:Artaxerxes II of Persia
268:Pharnaces II of Phrygia
125:Pharnaces II of Phrygia
105:Artaxerxes II of Persia
85:Ariobarzanes of Phrygia
3000:Alexander I of Macedon
2546:
2320:The Fourth Century B.C
1345:
1298:, also appears in his
1285:
1222:
1122:
1049:
996:
980:
550:
482:
457:An Athenian mercenary
407:
392:
223:
191:
2657:Hellespontine Phrygia
2545:
2528:Darius III Codomannus
1368:Hellespontine Phrygia
1343:
1268:
1227:Great Satraps' Revolt
1220:
1148:and his mercenaries.
1120:
990:
895:and raided along the
544:
518:Hellespontine Phrygia
479:Altıkulaç Sarcophagus
469:Hellespontine Phrygia
463:(left) supporting an
456:
422:and began a war with
397:
387:The Peloponnesian War
266:. He was the son of
264:Hellespontine Phrygia
197:
189:
50:Hellespontine Phrygia
3263:Hydarnes the Younger
2995:Amyntas I of Macedon
2518:Artaxerxes III Ochus
2513:Artaxerxes II Mnemon
2414:- Achaemenid Kingdom
2038:Xenophon Hellenica,
1099:Treaty of Antalcidas
1085:Treaty of Antalcidas
1068:(citizen colonies).
872:class=notpageimage|
661:Naval raids in Ionia
613:Timocrates of Rhodes
3413:Hellenistic satraps
3311:Other known satraps
2766:Greek Governors of
2533:Artaxerxes V Bessus
2523:Artaxerxes IV Arses
1335:Alexander the Great
1278:Alexander the Great
359:Darius II of Persia
304:Alexander the Great
282:, had governed the
103:Apama, daughter of
3419:from around 330 BC
3417:Hellenistic rulers
2547:
2108:, pp. 375–376
2027:The Ancient Greeks
1346:
1286:
1223:
1198:. Then the annual
1123:
997:
886:Greco-Persian Wars
621:Achaemenid coinage
551:
483:
408:
224:
214:("FAR-N--BA", for
192:
3452:Pharnacid dynasty
3424:
3423:
2613:Cyrus the Younger
2424:Achaemenid Empire
2403:Achaemenid Empire
2310:978-0-631-19396-8
2062:978-0-19-976662-8
1516:
1515:
1483:
1482:
1372:
1371:
1357:Pharnacid dynasty
499:Cyrus the Younger
487:Peloponnesian War
439:Achaemenid Empire
428:Peloponnesian war
321:in the murder of
280:Pharnacid dynasty
184:
183:
158:Battle of Cyzicus
153:Peloponnesian War
140:Achaemenid Empire
3489:
3477:Achaemenid Egypt
2483:Darius the Great
2395:
2388:
2381:
2372:
2367:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2314:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1972:. Archived from
1963:
1954:
1953:
1933:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1785:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1670:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1530:. Archived from
1524:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1174:Diodorus Siculus
1047:
978:
865:
864:
807:
806:
791:
790:
775:
774:
759:
758:
743:
742:
727:
726:
711:
710:
700:Battle of Cnidus
695:
694:
688:
651:Battle of Cnidus
584:to fight in the
390:
302:may have become
294:, and their son
270:and grandson of
253:
248:
247:
170:Battle of Cnidus
131:Military service
95:Personal details
81:
69:
60:
33:
19:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3405:
3360:Greater Phrygia
3306:
3272:
3243:
3209:
3160:
3123:
3038:
3004:
2980:
2902:
2836:
2761:
2724:
2715:Pharnabazus III
2647:
2548:
2537:
2468:Cyrus the Great
2421:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2356:, ed. (1911). "
2352:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2297:Grimal, Nicolas
2295:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2240:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2009:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1935:
1934:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1768:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1478:Pharnabazus III
1359:
1351:
1263:
1239:
1212:Satraps' Revolt
1178:Cornelius Nepos
1154:
1115:
1087:
1081:
1048:
1039:
1015:from Athens to
993:walls of Athens
985:
979:
977:4.8.7 to 4.8.10
970:
878:
877:
876:
874:
868:
867:
866:
858:
857:
856:
847:
846:
845:
836:
835:
834:
825:
824:
823:
816:
815:
814:
808:
800:
799:
798:
792:
784:
783:
782:
776:
768:
767:
766:
760:
752:
751:
750:
744:
736:
735:
734:
728:
720:
719:
718:
712:
704:
703:
702:
696:
680:
663:
643:
539:
534:
451:
391:
381:
352:Athenian Empire
336:
331:
311:Theodor Nöldeke
306:'s concubine.
176:
79:
67:
61:
56:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Pherendates II
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:Abdashtart III
3118:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Baalshillem II
3095:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3044:Kings of Sidon
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Pharnabazus II
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:Artaphernes II
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2426:
2420:Kings of Kings
2417:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2401:Rulers in the
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2354:Chisholm, Hugh
2335:
2334:
2328:
2315:
2309:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2255:
2209:
2202:
2179:
2167:
2160:
2137:
2130:
2110:
2095:
2088:
2068:
2061:
2043:
2031:
2018:
2003:
1986:
1955:
1948:
1893:
1884:
1877:
1857:
1850:
1830:
1823:
1800:
1777:
1766:
1745:
1724:
1717:
1692:
1685:
1665:
1648:
1635:
1618:
1609:
1590:
1571:
1564:
1544:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:Pharnabazus II
1445:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1350:
1347:
1333:may have been
1274:Richard Burton
1262:
1259:
1238:
1235:
1153:
1150:
1114:
1111:
1083:Main article:
1080:
1077:
1037:
984:
981:
968:
870:
869:
859:
850:
849:
848:
839:
838:
837:
828:
827:
826:
819:
818:
817:
810:
809:
801:
794:
793:
785:
778:
777:
769:
762:
761:
753:
746:
745:
737:
730:
729:
721:
714:
713:
705:
698:
697:
689:
683:
682:
681:
679:
676:
662:
659:
647:Corinthian War
642:
639:
586:Corinthian War
574:plain of Thebe
563:plain of Thebe
538:
535:
533:
530:
450:
447:
379:
335:
332:
330:
327:
227:Pharnabazus II
182:
181:
178:
177:
175:
174:
173:
172:
165:Corinthian War
162:
161:
160:
149:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
23:Pharnabazus II
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3494:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3366:Phrataphernes
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:Syennesis III
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3117:Abdashtart II
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:Baalshillem I
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Eshmunazar II
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3010:Kings of Tyre
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Mithrobuzanes
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Pharnabazus I
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Autophradates
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Artaphernes I
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2544:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2349:public domain
2338:
2337:
2331:
2329:0-521-23348-8
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2281:, p. 377
2280:
2279:Grimal (1992)
2275:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2203:9780521200912
2199:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2177:, p. 348
2176:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2161:9780521200912
2157:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:9780199908776
2127:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:Grimal (1992)
2102:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2089:9780521200912
2085:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1976:on 2020-08-03
1975:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:9780199766628
1945:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1878:9781476613079
1874:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1851:9781909496620
1847:
1843:
1842:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1824:9781476611204
1820:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1718:9780521762076
1714:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:9780199719556
1682:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:9780904173161
1561:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1545:
1534:on 2018-12-04
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1474:c.370–320 BCE
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:c.389–329 BCE
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:c.407–362 BCE
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:c.413–374 BCE
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:c.430–420 BCE
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:Pharnabazus I
1426:
1424:c.455–430 BCE
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:c.480–455 BCE
1413:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1402:c.550–497 BCE
1401:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1127:Artaxerxes II
1119:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:Artaxerxes II
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
989:
982:
976:
973:
967:
965:
961:
954:
952:
951:
946:
942:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
873:
855:
854:
844:
843:
833:
832:
822:
813:
797:
781:
765:
749:
733:
717:
701:
687:
677:
675:
672:
668:
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
640:
638:
636:
632:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:Artaxerxes II
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
548:
543:
536:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
495:Artaxerxes II
492:
488:
480:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
461:
455:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
405:
401:
396:
388:
384:
378:
376:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:Delian League
345:
341:
333:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Pharnabazus I
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
246:
240:
236:
232:
228:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
188:
179:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
93:
89:
86:
83:
77:
74:
71:
65:
59:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
3376:Ariobarzanes
3346:Satibarzanes
3103:Abdashtart I
3085:Tetramnestos
3052:Eshmunazar I
2956:Artemisia II
2866:Teththiweibi
2812:Themistocles
2757:Ariarathes I
2710:Artabazus II
2705:Ariobarzanes
2699:
2695:Pharnaces II
2643:Spithridates
2618:Tissaphernes
2608:Tissaphernes
2493:Artaxerxes I
2445:
2438:
2431:
2361:
2319:
2300:
2274:
2264:
2258:
2244:cite journal
2227:
2223:
2192:
2175:Lloyd (1994)
2170:
2150:
2120:
2113:
2078:
2071:
2052:
2046:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1989:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1968:
1938:
1887:
1867:
1860:
1840:
1833:
1813:
1789:
1769:
1755:
1748:
1734:
1727:
1707:
1675:
1668:
1656:
1651:
1638:
1626:
1621:
1612:
1602:
1583:
1554:
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:the original
1522:
1468:Artabazus II
1458:Ariobarzanes
1447:
1438:Pharnaces II
1319:Artabazos II
1316:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1270:Claire Bloom
1240:
1233:and Athens.
1224:
1204:
1181:
1155:
1131:
1124:
1088:
1070:
1050:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1025:
998:
974:
956:
948:
943:
936:
916:Peloponnesia
905:
890:
879:
851:
840:
829:
674:Hellespont.
664:
644:
628:
610:
571:
552:
514:Ten Thousand
507:
503:Ten Thousand
484:
472:
458:
432:
412:Tissaphernes
409:
372:
367:Tissaphernes
356:
337:
308:
234:
226:
225:
219:
215:
211:
207:
146:Battles/wars
115:Artabazos II
80:Succeeded by
73:Pharnaces II
57:
3277:Satraps of
3248:Satraps of
3214:Satraps of
3180:Pherendates
3165:Satraps of
3113:Evagoras II
2976:Orontobates
2935:Lygdamis II
2841:Dynasts of
2817:Archeptolis
2807:Aristagoras
2792:Eurysthenes
2685:Artabazus I
2623:Tithraustes
2553:Satraps of
2473:Cambyses II
2412:Family tree
2358:Pharnabazus
1642:H.T. Peck,
1625:Isocrates,
1418:Artabazus I
1170:Nectanebo I
1142:Nectanebo I
1089:In 386 BC,
1046:4.8.7 4.8.8
1023:in 394 BC.
1021:Thrasybulus
934:in 480 BC.
389:8.5.5&6
276:Artabazus I
251:Pharnabazos
231:Old Iranian
216:Pharnabazos
68:Preceded by
3431:Categories
3185:Achaemenes
3156:Orontes II
3151:Darius III
3072:Bodashtart
3020:Boulomenus
2946:Hecatomnus
2930:Pisindelis
2920:Lygdamis I
2893:Mithrapata
2884:Artembares
2827:Amyntas II
2768:Asia Minor
2747:Ariamnes I
2734:Cappadocia
2680:Oebares II
2665:Mitrobates
2603:Pissuthnes
2463:Cambyses I
2440:Ariaramnes
2433:Achaemenes
2010:Xenophon,
1980:2019-05-01
1966:Xenophon.
1657:Alcibiades
1655:Plutarch,
1538:2018-12-04
1349:References
1312:Thucydides
1200:Nile flood
1183:Iphicrates
1158:Iphicrates
1152:Expedition
1134:Iphicrates
1095:Asia Minor
1066:cleruchies
1013:long walls
1001:Long Walls
831:ACHAEMENID
559:Daskyleion
510:Bithynians
467:knight of
465:Achaemenid
435:Alcibiades
400:Alcibiades
383:Thucydides
373:The king (
245:Φαρνάβαζος
136:Allegiance
3322:Abrocomas
3318:Megabyzus
3292:Camisares
3268:Atropates
3224:Hystaspes
3146:Orontes I
3141:Artasyrus
3077:Yatonmilk
3034:Azemilcus
3017:Mattan IV
2987:Macedonia
2985:Kings of
2971:Pixodarus
2925:Artemisia
2888:Artumpara
2832:Philiscus
2802:Histiaeus
2782:Demaratus
2777:Miltiades
2675:Megabates
2670:Megabazus
2628:Tiribazus
2508:Darius II
2503:Sogdianus
2498:Xerxes II
2012:Hellenica
1756:Xenophon;
1735:Xenophon;
1632:Timandra.
1407:Pharnaces
1327:Philip II
1291:Hellenica
1073:Tiribazus
1044:Hellenica
1028:Hellenica
975:Hellenica
950:Hellenica
928:Demaratus
897:Messenian
555:Agesilaos
547:Agesilaus
526:Byzantium
522:Anaxibius
477:(right),
410:He, like
375:Darius II
296:Artabazus
288:Dascylium
235:Farnabāzu
212:ΦΑΡ-Ν--BA
100:Spouse(s)
58:In office
3386:Abulites
3340:Hyrcania
3258:Hydarnes
3234:Masistes
3175:Aryandes
3029:Evagoras
2951:Mausolus
2942:(satrap)
2863:Harpagus
2854:Kybernis
2822:Aridolis
2787:Gongylos
2633:Struthas
2573:Harpagus
2488:Xerxes I
2299:(1992).
2236:43573706
2015:4.8.7–10
1301:Anabasis
1296:Xenophon
1188:Pelusiac
1176:xv. 42;
1166:Pelusium
1146:Chabrias
1138:Chabrias
1041:Xenophon
1038:—
972:Xenophon
969:—
964:Lechaeum
945:Xenophon
932:Xerxes I
924:Taenarum
625:Plutarch
588:between
443:Lysander
380:—
111:Children
3400:Babylon
3396:Mazaeus
3390:Susiana
3370:Parthia
3356:Atizyes
3326:Belesys
3302:Arsames
3297:Mazaeus
3279:Cilicia
3229:Dadarsi
3216:Bactria
3205:Mazaces
3200:Sabaces
3190:Arsames
3133:Armenia
3129:Satraps
3024:Abdemon
2961:Idrieus
2940:Adusius
2908:Dynasts
2898:Perikle
2880:Arbinas
2870:Kheriga
2859:Kuprlli
2850:Kheziga
2797:Prokles
2742:Datames
2730:Satraps
2720:Arsites
2653:Satraps
2583:Bagaeus
2578:Oroetus
2568:Mazares
2563:Tabalus
2478:Bardiya
2458:Cyrus I
2453:Teispes
2447:Arsames
2422:of the
2351::
2289:Sources
1364:Satraps
1331:Barsine
1247:Cilicia
1237:Coinage
1208:Datames
1196:Memphis
1017:Piraeus
1005:Piraeus
1003:around
939:Corinth
912:Cythera
908:Laconia
764:Corinth
748:Cythera
630:Toxotai
602:Corinth
565:in the
460:peltast
323:Smerdis
300:Barsine
284:satrapy
256:Persian
210:Legend
200:Kyzikos
3380:Persis
3239:Bessus
3108:Tennes
3081:Anysos
3057:Tabnit
2875:Kherei
2770:cities
2588:Otanes
2345:
2326:
2307:
2234:
2200:
2158:
2128:
2086:
2059:
2025:Fine,
1946:
1875:
1848:
1821:
1715:
1683:
1562:
1323:Rhodes
1243:Tarsos
1231:Sparta
1162:Mendes
1107:Aeolis
1062:Lemnos
1060:, and
1058:Imbros
1054:Scyros
1009:Attica
960:Achaea
901:helots
893:Pherae
853:GREECE
842:EMPIRE
812:Sestos
796:Abydos
780:Athens
732:Pherae
671:Sestus
667:Abydus
635:Darics
617:Darics
598:Thebes
594:Athens
590:Sparta
582:Greece
491:Aegean
474:psilos
424:Athens
420:Sparta
404:Sparta
363:Ionian
340:Aegean
319:Darius
315:Otanes
260:Satrap
121:Parent
46:Satrap
3336:Ochus
3330:Syria
3250:Media
3167:Egypt
3094:Baana
2912:Caria
2843:Lycia
2555:Lydia
2232:JSTOR
2029:, 551
1629:16.40
1528:"CNG"
1280:, in
1160:near
1103:Ionia
920:Egypt
882:Melos
821:IONIA
716:Melos
655:Conon
606:Argos
567:Troad
416:Caria
239:Greek
204:Mysia
3415:and
3350:Aria
2324:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2250:link
2198:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2057:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1255:Baal
1251:Ares
1192:Nile
1105:and
962:and
918:and
669:and
220:Rev:
208:Obv:
3131:of
2966:Ada
2910:of
2732:of
2655:of
2360:".
2040:4.8
1795:435
1761:513
1740:479
1366:of
1310:of
1294:of
1276:as
1030::
953::
930:to
414:of
262:of
48:of
3433::
3324:,
3320:,
2246:}}
2242:{{
2228:31
2226:.
2212:^
2182:^
2140:^
2098:^
1958:^
1896:^
1803:^
1780:^
1695:^
1661:39
1659:,
1593:^
1574:^
1314:.
1284:.
1257:.
1245:,
1180:,
1075:.
1056:,
604:,
600:,
596:,
569:.
528:.
385:,
369::
325:.
241::
237:,
233::
206:.
202:,
3402:)
3398:(
3392:)
3388:(
3382:)
3378:(
3372:)
3368:(
3362:)
3358:(
3352:)
3348:(
3342:)
3338:(
3332:)
3328:(
2394:e
2387:t
2380:v
2332:.
2313:.
2268:.
2252:)
2238:.
2206:.
2164:.
2134:.
2092:.
2065:.
1983:.
1952:.
1881:.
1854:.
1827:.
1797:.
1763:.
1742:.
1721:.
1689:.
1663:.
1606:.
1587:.
1568:.
1541:.
1507:e
1500:t
1493:v
1409:)
1405:(
1370:)
1362:(
966:.
406:.
229:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
