135:, because it denotationally appears to give information that is unnecessary, untrue, or irrelevant. However, phatic communion plays an important role in language and has important connotational meanings that do not break these maxims and needs to be understood as an important part of language in its role in establishing, maintaining, and managing bonds of sociality between participants, as well as creating feelings of solidarity and familiarity, and putting participants at ease.
207:, "How are you?" is a phatic expression used when greeting someone one knows, especially when a participant wants to initiate conversation. However, it can be asked sincerely, and this must be inferred from context, such as when a friend gives bad news, or tone, such falling intonation to show it as a genuine question (as is with
1054:
for emphasis or to add detail to the message that a person conveys or expresses. Common examples of these are smiling, gesturing, waving, etc. According to Dr. Carola
Surkamp, professor at University of Cologne, non-verbal phatic communication can be expressed with involuntary physical features such
1063:
Phatic expressions are used on different communication platforms on the internet such as social media networks where certain platforms require and prompt certain actions to be made between users to communicate or implicate certain messages between people without direct utterances. Examples for this
383:
is appropriate: Trying to find out if someone else is in a seemingly empty room/building; using it as an initial phone greeting; checking if the person you're calling can still hear you (when experiencing a bad phone connection); trying to get the attention of a listener that appears to not pay
724:
Speaker two: "Hey, how's it going?" (In US English "Hey" is equivalent to "Hi", or "Hello". Adding "How's it going" returns the initial greeting-query, paraphrased, without offering any information about what is possibly "up". In short, the first speaker's token is replied to with the second
701:
Similarly, the question "how are you?" is usually an automatic component of a social encounter. Although there are times when "how are you?" is asked in a sincere, concerned manner and does in fact anticipate a detailed response regarding the respondent's present state, this needs to be
91:
functions. They can be observed in everyday conversational exchanges, as in, for instance, exchanges of social pleasantries that do not seek or offer information of intrinsic value but rather signal willingness to observe conventional local expectations for politeness.
1072:
as
Radovanovic and Ragnedda like to call them, are again used with a social function of social communicative upkeep with the primary function of expressing social connection, relationships between users, and recognition of coparticipants.
860:
Food culture is important in China and thus inquiring if one is well-fed implies the speaker's desire to know if the listener has this basic need met. This expression is most often used by older members of society towards younger persons.
698:"You're welcome", in its phatic usage, is not intended to convey the message that the hearer is welcome; it is a phatic response to being thanked, which in turn is a phatic whose function is to acknowledge the receipt of a benefit.
744:
In both dialogues neither speaker expects an actual answer to the question but rather it is an indication that each has recognized the other's presence and has therefore sufficiently performed that particular social duty.
115:, the 'phatic' function of language concerns the channel of communication; for instance, when one says "I can't hear you, you're breaking up" in the middle of a cell-phone conversation. This usage appears in research on
1283:(1996) "Communion or communication? A historical note on one of the 'founding fathers' of pragmatics", in Robin Sackmann (ed.), "Theoretical linguistics and grammatical description", 163-166, Amsterdam: Benjamins
576:
can be used throughout the day. Some are more specific, and the specific time of when to switch to the next greeting can vary from speaker to speaker. Time-specific greetings include
737:, approximately meaning "Do you agree with or accept what I've said?" In the US, the longer question "(Are) you all right?" is possible to mean "Is something wrong?")
512:
and thereby inferring that they do not think the listener looks good. This can be understood as an insult and is therefore mainly used informally between friends.
969:
phatic has been used as a Welsh language campaigners to encourage Welsh speakers to begin conversations in Welsh, and for non-fluent speakers to "give it a go".
211:), or speaking more quietly. Authenticity of the question can also be emphasised by the addition of the word "feeling" ("How are you feeling?").
83:) is a communication which primarily serves to establish or maintain social relationships. In other words, phatic expressions have mostly socio-
1265:
1164:
1092:
112:
466:'thanks for today' is often said in more formal contexts of prolonged interactions like at the end of a meeting or the end of a class.
78:
1097:
444:'drive safely' is said to a person leaving the place where the speaker is located and going to drive/bike to another location.
1196:
836:(lit. 'you must be tired', closer to 'thank you for your hard work'—used for leave-taking and sometimes as a greeting) and
151:
in his essay "The
Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages", which appeared in 1923 as a supplementary contribution to
1145:
Malinowski, B. (1923), "The
Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages", in Charles K. Ogden; Ian A. Richards (eds.),
496:'you (sg./pl.) may have it good' is a farewell phrase wishing for the other's well-being. A joke variant of this is
458:'good lust for work' is said when parting with a person that is either currently at work or leaving to go to work.
1232:
Malinowski, B. (1923) "The
Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages”, in: Charles K. Ogden and Ian A. Richards,
1082:
815:
1102:
1055:
as direction of gaze, blushing, posture, etc. and that these have a vital function in regulating conversation.
711:
981:
Phatic expressions are often created by authors, particularly in science fiction or fantasy, as part of their
1247:
1051:
148:
1030:
991:
721:
Speaker one: "What's up?" (US English. In UK English this more commonly means "Is there something wrong?")
707:
153:
1182:
Proceedings of the 27th international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
1522:
132:
1448:
474:'thanks for the last time that we were together' acknowledging that the people were together somewhere
1400:
1132:
1087:
31:
1527:
502:'have it as you look' (literally: 'have it as you look out'). By not saying the expected adjective
516:
Some phatic greetings are only used in writings such as letters, e-mails and speeches read aloud:
879:
208:
116:
1490:
1477:
1424:
1038:
is a common greeting exchanged between the people of the
Republic of Gilead, responded to with
1280:
1261:
1160:
509:
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1112:
970:
883:
436:'we will speak to each other by' are used in both face-to-face and phone/text conversations.
424:'we will see each other' is used as a farewell greeting in face-to-face conversations while
404:
meaning 'morning'. Despite its original meaning it is used as a greeting throughout the day.
51:
814:
In
Japanese, phatic expressions play a significant role in communication, for instance the
377:
is only used when the speaker is not sure they can be heard. Examples when saying/yelling
204:
104:
717:
Example: a simple, basic exchange between two acquaintances in a non-formal environment:
1177:
895:
162:
120:
108:
725:
speaker's equivalent token, not actually answering the first speaker's literal query.)
1516:
1465:
1211:
1022:
982:
948:('quite good, thanks').Many native speakers do not answer like this, but simply say,
450:'come well home' is said in the same situation whatever the method of transportation.
734:
1293:
1503:
663:'it was so little' (referring to the small amount of work that had to be done).
525:'dear' followed by a name is a formalised way of beginning a letter, speech etc.
203:) may be a genuine request for information in certain contexts. For example, in
158:
38:
1388:
1107:
1021:, the expression "live long and prosper" is used phatically, accompanied by a
899:
703:
96:
84:
1017:
1008:
88:
1317:
1365:
1257:
1341:
973:
was held for the first time in 2013 and is held annually on 13 October.
753:
There are several phatic greetings in
Icelandic differing in formality:
733:
Speaker one: "All right?" (UK English. In US English this can only be a
820:
809:
17:
1012:
series, "May the Force be with you" is used as a leave-taking phrase.
875:
870:
186:
175:
100:
766:
To a foreign speaker it can seem strange that the preferred answer,
1065:
830:('please treat me well', used before starting work with someone),
281:
Single-word greetings with approximately the same meaning include
1246:
Kendon, Adam; Harris, Richard M; Key, Mary R, eds. (2011-06-15).
169:
means 'linguistic' (i.e. 'by language') and comes from the Greek
388:
995:
by George R. R. Martin, the people of Essos use the expression
772:'good', is embedded in the question. A preferred answer can be
392:
is only used in
Southern Jutland. It comes from North German
181:
170:
908:('how is?'). The general pronunciation in southern Wales is
273:
is a common informal greeting and equivalent to the
English
1452:
247:'how does it cut?' Informal greeting between close friends.
1149:, London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Trubner, pp. 296–336
66:
60:
878:
is a complex set of expressions and other gestures in
837:
831:
825:
690:, mostly used by hunters, fishers, and theater crews.
1064:
would be: 'likes', comments/replies, shares/reblogs,
540:'(with) friendly greeting', sometimes abbreviated to
147:('bonding by language') was coined by anthropologist
79:
69:
57:
1249:
Organization of Behavior in Face-to-Face Interaction
856:'have you eaten?' is equivalent to English speakers
634:
199:
Many expressions generally considered to be phatic (
63:
259:. More often used in Jutland. A possible answer is
54:
1466:https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1963913980334755
682:('crack and break') which has the same meaning as
27:Utterances which primarily serve a social function
1236:, 296–336, London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Trubner
1159:"Teach Yourself Linguistics", by Jean Aitchison,
482:'good recovery'. Said when leaving a sick person.
824:. Other such expressions include the ubiquitous
672:('luck and fortune'), equivalent to the English
95:Other uses of the term include the category of "
794:
781:
773:
767:
757:
255:'what then?'. Similar to the English greeting
1212:"Teaching to be phatic: a pragmatic approach"
851:
8:
1216:Estudios de Metodología de la Lengua Inglesa
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131:Phatic communion at first appears to break
1050:Non-verbal phatic expressions are used in
651:'I thank'. A thanks can be answered with
369:'nice good day' is a more formal greeting.
1197:"Twitter Study – August 2009, Whitepaper"
1135:, 'Phatic Communication', April 25, 2018
762:'What say you (good)?'. Equal to English
103:communication, where it is also called "
1124:
528:Ways to end a letter or e-mail include
215:Phatic expressions in various languages
1449:"Shwmae - Su'mae | Rhowch gynnig arni"
233:'how goes it?'. Possible answers are:
1178:"Phatics and the design of community"
1093:High-context and low-context cultures
898:the general phatic is a regional and
508:'good', the speaker is violating the
224:Danish has several phatic greetings:
180:('spoken, that may be spoken'), from
99:" (conversation for its own sake) in
7:
999:('All men must die'), answered with
552:'with loving greeting' abbreviated
113:typology of communication functions
1425:"knæk og bræk — Den Danske Ordbog"
686:similar to the English expression
25:
1506:, 'Phatic Posts', April 26, 2018
666:Other phatic expressions include
351:(Pun greeting. Made by combining
850:In China, the phatic expression
842:('thank you for your support').
418:are common ways to say goodbye.
50:
1133:"What IS Phatic Communication?"
1098:Literal and figurative language
740:Speaker two: "Yeah, all right."
936:or maybe the more traditional
615:Ways of saying thanks include
1:
1294:"hvad så — Den Danske Ordbog"
1210:Padilla Cruz, Manuel (2005).
1046:Non-verbal phatic expressions
882:, primarily reflected in the
588:(literally 'good pre-noon'),
133:Grice's conversational maxims
778:'I say everything good/fine'
187:
176:
1401:"kær,2 — Den Danske Ordbog"
1318:"hejsa — Den Danske Ordbog"
838:
832:
826:
635:
430:'we will speak each other'/
1544:
1502:Radovanovic and Ragnedda,
1491:"Non-verbal communication"
1478:"Non-verbal communication"
1366:"mojn — Den Danske Ordbog"
868:
807:
277:pronounced almost the same
182:
171:
29:
1342:"dav — Den Danske Ordbog"
1083:Backchannel (linguistics)
1059:Online phatic expressions
852:
627:'thanks shall you have',
1103:Pragmatics (linguistics)
30:Not to be confused with
1195:pear analytics (2009).
1052:nonverbal communication
1003:('All men must serve').
827:Yoroshiku onegaishimasu
321:(both reduced forms of
1389:Youtube: Tak for sidst
1234:The Meaning of Meaning
1176:Makice, Kevin (2009).
1147:The Meaning of Meaning
992:A Song of Ice and Fire
965:
956:
950:
944:
938:
928:
922:
920:. The usual answer is
916:
910:
904:
795:
782:
775:ég segi allt gott/fínt
774:
768:
758:
678:
668:
659:
653:
647:
645:'thanks for that' and
641:
629:
623:
617:
608:
606:('good evening'), and
602:
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154:The Meaning of Meaning
1258:10.1515/9783110907643
1252:. De Gruyter Mouton.
816:backchannel responses
398:from the German word
195:Importance of context
1088:Filler (linguistics)
1036:Blessed be the Fruit
1034:by Margaret Atwood,
839:Osewa ni natte imasu
759:Hvað segirðú (gott)?
600:('good afternoon'),
570:Some greetings like
499:Ha' det som I ser ud
239:'it goes good/fine'.
149:Bronisław Malinowski
32:Haptic communication
1493:, , April 25, 2018
1031:The Handmaid's Tale
639:'thousand thanks',
537:(med) venlig hilsen
493:du/I må ha det godt
1184:. Boston, MA, USA.
1131:Vladimir Žegarac,
1040:May the Lord open.
914:and in the North,
582:('good morning'),
490:'have it good' or
209:w/h-word questions
191:('I speak, say').
117:online communities
1267:978-3-11-090764-3
1165:978-0-340-87083-9
833:Otsukaresama desu
657:'self thanks' or
549:med kærlig hilsen
546:. Others include
510:maxim of quantity
236:Det går godt/fint
43:phatic expression
16:(Redirected from
1535:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1489:Carola Surkamp,
1487:
1481:
1480:, April 26, 2018
1476:Carola Surkamp,
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1457:
1456:
1451:. Archived from
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1113:Sociolinguistics
1068:use, etc. These
971:Shwmae Sumae Day
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771:
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624:tak skal du have
620:
612:('good night').
611:
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363:'onion sauce'),
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344:
338:
332:
327:meaning 'day'),
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298:
292:
287:(from combining
286:
272:
265:'not that much'.
264:
254:
246:
238:
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230:Hvordan går det?
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145:phatic communion
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997:Valar Morghulis
979:
942:('quite good'),
892:
880:Persian society
873:
867:
848:
818:referred to as
812:
806:
783:Hvernig gengur?
751:
696:
660:det var så lidt
633:'many thanks',
597:God eftermiddag
455:God arbejdslyst
244:Hvor'n skær'en?
222:
217:
205:British English
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141:
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53:
47:
46:
35:
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11:
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1504:"Phatic Posts"
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1458:
1455:on 2016-01-15.
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1001:Valar Dohaeris
978:
975:
945:go lew, diolch
932:('OK, thanks')
891:
888:
869:Main article:
866:
863:
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808:Main article:
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706:inferred from
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692:
594:('good day'),
568:
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514:
513:
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451:
441:Kør forsigtigt
437:
433:vi snakkes ved
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163:I. A. Richards
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121:micro-blogging
109:Roman Jakobson
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1023:Vulcan salute
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983:worldbuilding
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961:
960:in response.
958:
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929:iawn, diolch'
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803:
799:'thanks for'.
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764:how are you?.
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704:pragmatically
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669:Held og lykke
664:
661:
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649:
643:
637:
636:tusind(e) tak
631:
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586:
585:God formiddag
580:
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468:
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463:Tak for i dag
460:
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447:Kom godt hjem
442:
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262:Ikke så meget
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1523:Anthropology
1498:
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1453:the original
1443:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:
1419:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1360:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
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1070:phatic posts
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1016:
1007:
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990:
980:
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933:
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858:how are you?
857:
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813:
789:
786:'how goes?'.
763:
752:
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735:tag question
728:
716:
700:
697:
687:
683:
679:Knæk og bræk
673:
665:
614:
569:
558:
534:'greeting',
515:
487:Ha' det godt
387:
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299:from French
293:with German
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87:rather than
42:
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963:The use of
926:('OK') or,
902:version of
688:break a leg
642:tak for det
479:God bedring
366:pænt goddag
165:. The term
159:C. K. Ogden
39:linguistics
1528:Pragmatics
1517:Categories
1434:2020-07-19
1410:2020-07-19
1375:2020-07-19
1351:2020-07-19
1327:2020-07-19
1303:2020-07-19
1119:References
1108:Small talk
977:In fiction
900:colloquial
796:Takk fyrir
790:Thanking:
712:intonation
648:jeg takker
621:'thanks',
427:vi snakkes
384:attention.
348:halløjsovs
257:what's up?
97:small talk
1429:ordnet.dk
1405:ordnet.dk
1370:ordnet.dk
1346:ordnet.dk
1322:ordnet.dk
1298:ordnet.dk
1018:Star Trek
1009:Star Wars
749:Icelandic
684:good luck
674:good luck
630:mange tak
579:Godmorgen
201:see below
143:The term
85:pragmatic
48:English:
1077:See also
957:su' mae?
951:shw mae?
905:sut mae?
884:language
804:Japanese
654:selv tak
603:Godaften
342:halløjsa
252:Hvad så?
105:grooming
89:semantic
1006:In the
966:sut mae
917:su' mae
911:shw mae
865:Persian
821:aizuchi
810:Aizuchi
708:context
694:English
409:Hej hej
360:løgsovs
139:History
127:Purpose
1264:
1163:
939:go lew
876:Taarof
871:Taarof
676:, and
609:Godnat
591:Goddag
566:'hug'.
531:hilsen
421:Vi ses
415:farvel
401:Morgen
354:halløj
336:halløj
330:goddag
220:Danish
177:phatós
167:phatic
101:speech
80:FAT-ik
18:Phatic
1066:emoji
896:Welsh
890:Welsh
543:(m)vh
380:hallo
374:Hallo
284:hejsa
188:phēmí
172:φατός
1262:ISBN
1161:ISBN
923:iawn
853:吃饭了吗
769:gott
729:Or:
710:and
563:knus
522:Kære
505:godt
395:moin
389:Mojn
357:and
318:davs
183:φημί
161:and
119:and
41:, a
1254:doi
1028:In
1015:In
989:In
954:or
894:In
618:tak
573:hej
412:or
324:dag
310:dav
290:hej
275:hi,
270:Hej
157:by
111:'s
37:In
1519::
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1220:3
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314:,
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70:k
67:ɪ
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