Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University

549: 45: 346: 61: 627:, photographs, and archival items in its library. These collections were obtained through multiple means, including the donation or purchase of existing collections or individual items, the collection activities of Academy-sponsored expeditions, or those of individual scientists, whether or not they work at the Academy. Some collections were originally gathered by other institutions. For example, a number of the natural history collections at the American Philosophical Society were relocated to the Academy by the end of the 19th century. 369:

academy was meant to foster a gathering of fellow naturalists, and nurture the growth and credibility of American science. They frequently looked to their European counterparts for inspiration and expertise and longed to be regarded as equals. On 25 April 1817 they were incorporated into the society under the title of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia by the legislature of Pennsylvania. By 1 January 1818, eight members were published.

2064: 1425:, crustaceans, and mollusks) are useful for biological monitoring programs. Their varied life spans, ranging from weeks to years, are long enough to reveal intermittent and continuous pollutants, yet short enough respond to worsening or improving water quality. The Macroinvertebrate Section at the Patrick Center has extensive experience in bioassessment, biomonitoring, and inventorying of freshwater habitats throughout the United States. 1009: 5448: 1665:, provided an extensive dataset for ongoing environmental monitoring, and has helped develop research and technical infrastructures in Mongolia. This capacity building includes, in collaboration with the Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, the building of the first research laboratory in Mongolia dedicated to the study of aquatic invertebrates. It also includes training of Mongolian scientists and students. 1904: 5458: 3460:, or animal herding, has existed in Mongolia for millennia, but recent trends in livestock production and practices may be unsustainable. The herds are larger and cashmere goats, which can be particularly damaging to vegetation, are accounting for a greater percentage of the total. Moreover, much of the traditional herder expertise was lost during the Soviet era. Consequently, herders risk seriously 182: 68: 1785: 562: 2010: 1926:

specimens with little in the way of supplemental information. Over time, however, museums such as the Academy started to showcase their more popular specimens while sequestering the bulk of the collections. In addition, they spent more effort interpreting their public displays. Museums started to play a more active role in educating the public.

1329:(PAHs). The section regularly provides water, sediment and tissue analyses for government, intergovernmental agencies, and private companies from around the country. In addition to the sediment core project mentioned above, it has recently studied the effects of small dams on sediment contaminants, photochemical transformation of marsh-derived 1547:). In 2004, the Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Ecology (LMSE) was formed as a shared, multi-user facility to improve access to and provide training for the use of molecular data in systematic and ecological research. In addition to supporting staff, the lab offers research opportunities for students and post-doctoral fellowships. 2152:"Wild Weekends", held on selected weekends throughout the year, offer a variety of children's programs, including hands-on exploration of museum specimens, crafts and live animal shows with mammals, birds and reptiles. Live animal shows are also presented at regular times on other days and featured prominently in the educational programs. 4062: 187: 2453:, provides summer research experience for students attending colleges and universities. Each summer the Academy offers five to ten separate research projects which can include collections, field, imaging and/or lab work. The projects vary but typically include environmental, library collections, and/or systematics research. 2980:

Distinctions between who is a naturalist and who is a scientist varies and can be elusive. One can make the distinction that naturalists are amateurs interested in the natural sciences, whereas scientists are professionals. This distinction, however, is confounded by history and circumstance. Most of

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The center hosts or participates in a number of public programs that are free and open to the public. Urban Sustainability Forums feature panels of local and national experts discussing environmental and sustainability topics as they relate to the Philadelphia region. Town Square, which may feature a

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Jessup and McHenry Awards are competitively awarded to students wishing to conduct studies at the postgraduate, doctoral and postdoctoral levels under the supervision or sponsorship of a member of the curatorial staff of the Academy. The Jessup Award is given for any specialty in which our curators

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WINS (Women in Natural Sciences) is an innovative and successful science enrichment program conducted by The Academy of Natural Sciences in collaboration with the School District of Philadelphia. Since its founding in 1982, WINS has been providing female public school students with hands-on science

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and found that it was an enormous success with the public. This unconventional exhibition for a museum of science that featured contemporary sculpture, which focused upon the subjects of intense scientific inquiry, began a trend among its peer institutions, who then began to invite Gary and several

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participants are eligible for the George Washington Carver Scholars summer program, which is also held at the Academy. Educator workshops are held throughout the year. The most recent series covered the integration of science and literacy skills. Self-guided workbooks tailored for younger children

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is an early example of an organized public display of natural history collections. Founded in 1855 to offer free lectures on the natural sciences, the Wagner appointed Joseph Leidy in 1885 to organize its growing collections. Leidy's design is still largely intact, and the Wagner is effectively a

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to the Academy are available throughout the year for schools, summer camps and other groups. Optional directed programs include Discovery Lessons for younger age groups (pre-K and higher) and Science Explorers for older children (grades 7 through 9). "Academy on the Go" is an educational outreach

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As with most museums in the 19th century, there was little separation of the Academy's collections, which were vital to scientific work, and the public spaces. Not only did this subject the collections to extra wear and tear, but visitors were typically confronted with a bewildering assemblage of

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The Böhlke Memorial Endowment Fund honors the memory of James E. Böhlke and Eugenia B. Böhlke who were prominent ichthyologists at the Academy. This fund provides support for graduate students and recent postdoctoral researchers to work with the Ichthyology Collection and the Academy's Library.

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Basin, the most populous and most extensive drainage in Mongolia, were surveyed from 2003 to 2006. Most of these sites are in rivers or streams, but some are in freshwater and saltwater lakes, hot and cold springs, and marsh wetlands. Additional sites from the remote drainage systems in western

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The Eckelberry Endowment helps support the efforts of wildlife painters, sculptors, printmakers, and other artists to better acquaint themselves with the natural world through both museum and field research. In addition, artistic and scientific mentors counsel and assist these artists as their

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The increasing sophistication of the earth and life sciences, combined with a growing awareness of the variety of life and landscape in the American wilderness that has not been discovered, led a small group of naturalists to establish the Academy of Natural Sciences in the winter of 1812. The

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In 1979, the academy also opened "Outside-In", a hands-on children's nature museum. In 1995, it pioneered the hands-on simulation of a dinosaur dig, with its "The Big Dig". Other permanent exhibits include "Secrets of the Diorama", an insight into what goes into a diorama, and "Science at the

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Within a decade of its founding, the Academy became the undisputed center of natural sciences in the United States. Academy members were frequently enlisted to participate in national surveys of the western territories and other major expeditions. Several of its earliest members, including

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The John J. & Anna H. Gallagher Fellowship provides a unique opportunity for original, multi-year, postdoctoral or sabbatical research on the systematics of microscopic invertebrates, especially Rotifera. The research focus must be on systematics and may employ ecological, behavioral,

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Four weekend festivals organized around scientific disciplines, are held during the year. Paleopalooza, held in mid-February, features fossil collections and talks by leading paleontologists. Earth Day Festival, held in mid-April, features scientists from the Academy's Patrick Center for

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The center acts as a logistical hub for a number of Working Groups organized around sustainability issues. Currently active groups include one for condominium and building co-op owners, a network of faith-based environmental groups, and a forum of senior executives in the private sector.

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were other noted malacologists who worked at the Academy. The Academy's malacology collection is the oldest such collection in the United States and is the 3rd largest in the world. It currently contains over 10 million specimens, including types erected by more than 400 authors. Curator

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loss, drier soils, and reduced plant cover in the steppe. Shifts in the seasonal pattern in precipitation are disruptive to grassland plant reproduction and the incidence of extreme weather also appears to be increasing. Changes in the forests are less demonstrable, but increased

780:. The herbarium contains many specimens contributed by notable collectors, a diversity of fossil diatoms, and diatoms collected as part of numerous freshwater environmental surveys in the United States. The Diatom Herbarium also provides collections and taxonomic services for the 2130:

The Academy began offering lectures to the public as early as the 1820s. Current offerings include natural history author talks, lectures by scientists, workshops and classes. In addition, the Center for Environmental Policy produces public programs on environmental issues.

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in the world. Started in 1979, the collection contains over 180,000 photographs representing over 7,300 species. The collection contains work by some of the world's most talented photographers. VIREO licenses bird images for a wide variety of commercial and non-profit uses.

642:, the reference material that helps establish a species' identity. They also preserve additional specimens with which scientists can investigate the nature of these species, their relationships with other species, their evolutionary history, or their conservation status. 2139:

Since its Nature Club in the 1930s, the Academy has offered programming just for children. Several programs appropriate for different age groups are currently offered. Safari Overnight sleepovers (camp-ins) are held on selected weekends during Fall, Winter, and Spring.

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is the study the interaction of an individual organism or individual species with its physical, chemical and biological environment. Particulars may include such measures as temperature preferences, pollution tolerance, light requirements, and ability to recover after

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collection contains about 105,000 lots. Both contain numerous type specimens. Generally, 21,500 specimens are gaunt, 13,500 are affiliated skins, and 1,700 are wet-preserved specimens. The Frank J. Myers Rotifer Collection is the most comprehensive collection of

1397:. Studies may range from the analysis of fish tissues for contaminants, monitoring fish populations for environmental assessments, to investigating the life histories of individual species. Recent and ongoing work include, glass eel (the larvae of freshwater or 1690:

The Library and Archives were established at the Academy's founding meeting in 1812 for the purpose of supporting its natural science research. The library provides online access, services, collections, imaging, and shared resources with other libraries.

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began his tenure at the Academy, during which he systematized the collections and described 1,408 species. James E. Böhlke, William Saul, and William Smith-Vaniz are among the scientists who followed Fowler. Curator Emeritus, John Lundberg, an expert in

2083:, served as the centerpiece of the Academy's "Hall of Earth History" during the middle of the 20th century. In 1986, the Academy opened a new exhibit, "Discovering Dinosaurs". This was the first large-scale exhibit to incorporate the findings of the " 1673:

The Center for Environmental Policy informs and engages various constituents, promotes solutions, and builds public and professional awareness on important environmental topics. Much of its activities focus on public programs and working groups.

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The Richard Hopper Day Memorial Medal, established in 1960 by his granddaughter, Margaret Day Dilks, is awarded in recognition of outstanding contributions in interpreting the natural sciences to the public. As of 2015, the recipients are:

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Environmental Research. Bug Fest, held in mid August, features entomologists, insect collections and live insects. The Philadelphia Shell Show, held in mid-October, features an international shell market and competitive shell displays.

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can participate in day workshops and sleepovers to fulfill badge and pin requirements. Tiny Tot Explorers is a program for toddlers. A new series of Family Workshops designed for both adults and children was launched in early 2010.

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The museum also has special, changing exhibits. Recent changing exhibits include "Skin: Living Armor, Evolving Identity", "Illuminating Birds", "Extreme Deep: Mission to the Abyss", and "Crocs: Ancient Predators in a Modern World".

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and was a leading teacher and authority on microscopy and comparative anatomy. He is widely regarded to have been the leading expert on the natural sciences during the 19th century. More about Leidy can be found on the Academy's

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Hovsgol National Park, which includes the lake and its entire watershed, was created in 1992. Improvements took the form of improving park management, improving physical facilities, staff training and developing park-community

811:(1834–1842). The entomology collection currently contains more than 3.5 million specimens and includes the Titian Peale Moth and Butterfly Collection, the oldest entomology collection in the United States. Curator Emeritus, 2000:

In 2018, under the management of Drexel University, The Academy renovated some of the older dioramas. These renovations were meant to increase the scientific accuracy of the displays and improve their aesthetics.

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in the United States. The Academy currently has 37 dioramas, most of which were installed in the 1930s and 1940s. They feature a variety of animals from Africa, Asia, and North America. Some of these, such as the

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The library houses nearly 200,000 volumes ranging from works published in the 16th century to current journals and books. Its holdings also include illustrated works from as early as the 15th century, including

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Established in 1980, the Gold Medal for Distinction in Natural History Art is awarded to people whose artistic endeavors and life's work have contributed to our understanding and appreciation of living things.

1617:(boreal forest) to the north. As such, it is an ideal mid-continental site at which to monitor the ecological effects of climate change. In addition, changes in livestock herding practices raise concerns about 1212:, led to similar surveys and studies throughout much of the United States. Characteristically, these earlier projects were joint projects of the Limnology Department and private industry. Since the rise of the 4534: 863:. The Ichthyology collection, which currently houses nearly 1.2 million specimens and nearly 3,000 types, is one of the most important such collections in the United States. The department also hosts the 511:

For much of its history, new members had to be nominated by two current members and then elected by the remaining members. These requirements were dropped in 1924. Notable 20th-century scientists include

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The Academy of Natural Sciences holds an internationally important natural history collection. Currently, there are over 18 million biological specimens, and hundreds of thousands of volumes, journals,

5492: 1938:. These three-dimensional displays were the virtual reality of their time, providing generations of museum visitors with their only opportunity to experience distant places and exotic wildlife. 1567:. In 1995, a multidisciplinary team of scientists from the Academy, as well as from other American institutions, Mongolia, Russia, and Japan started a multi-year study of the lake's 996:. With nearly 200,000 specimens representing over 9,000 species, the Ornithology collection is one of the largest and most taxonomically complete bird collections in the world. The 4136:

Spamer, E. E. (2000). "The legacy of 'friends of natural science': A systematic look at the scientific publications of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1817–2000".

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of the young American republic with an expressed mission of "the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences". It has sponsored expeditions, conducted original environmental and

1945:. Green's work was at first controversial amongst The Academy's staff, due to both the cost and accusations of sensationalism, but proved popular amongst the public. In 1935, the 3485: 5433: 2496: 4828: 4539: 1740:

was the first peer-reviewed publication in the United States devoted to the natural sciences. The first volume was published in 1817. By 1842, it had been superseded by the

1029:(APS) during the first decade of the 19th century and at The Academy of Natural Sciences thereafter. By the end of the 19th century, the holdings from the APS, including the 1911:

The Academy first opened its collections to the public in 1828. The popularity of its exhibits soared in 1868 with the debut of the world's first mounted dinosaur skeleton,

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began in 1939 as a means to quickly publish short items, usually not longer than 16 pages on subject areas such as zoology, botany, ecology, geology and paleontology. The

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panel or an individual, addresses a variety of topics relating to the environment or public science. The center also hosts candidate forums, conferences and workshops.

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other artists who specialized in scientific topics and subjects to museums that always had shied away from anything identified as "contemporary art" as exhibitions.

1401:) recruitment in the Delaware River basin, the ecology and genetics of bridal shiner (a fish that's endangered in Pennsylvania), and the impacts of flow management ( 5150: 337:

collections containing more than 17 million specimens. The Academy also organizes public exhibits and educational programs for both schools and the general public.

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Academy Explorers Camp is a day camp program offered during Spring Break and the Summer. The George Washington Carver Science Fair is held in February or March.

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As of 2013, much of the research at the Patrick Center is conducted with regulatory agencies and other governmental bodies, in fields such as diatom autecology,

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Wamsley, Douglas W. (2017-01-01). ""We are Fully in the Expedition": Philadelphia's Support for the North Greenland Expeditions of Robert E. Peary, 1891‐1895".

1590:. One early undertaking was the enhancement of the operational and physical infrastructure at Hovsgol National Park. Long-term ecological monitoring of several 1462: 808: 224: 3711: 1849: 1353:

Section employs sophisticated and rigorous mathematical modelling techniques to address a variety of questions in basic and applied research. Examples include

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The Academy's collections include a wide range of specimens across the tree of life. The museum also maintains several historically important collections.

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Peck, Robert, M. (2000). "To the Ends of the Earth for Science: Research Expeditions of the Academy of Natural Sciences: The First 150 Years, 1812-1962".

2087:". Instead of cold-blooded and lumbering reptiles, dinosaurs were conceived as active-and possibly warm-blooded-animals more akin to birds than reptiles. 1563:(Hovsgol Nuur). This large lake and its watershed were remarkably pristine and relatively unknown, especially in comparison to its sister lake in Russia, 5542: 5200: 2618:

Justice, Benjamin (2008-02-01). ""The Great Contest": The American Philosophical Society Education Prize of 1795 and the Problem of American Education".

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has also been a part of Academy collections and research since its beginnings, but the size of the collection was relatively modest until acquisition of

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Pennell, Francis W. (1950). "Historic Botanical Collections of the American Philosophical Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia".

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Porter, Charlotte M. (1979). "The Concussion of Revolution: Publications and Reform at the Early Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1812-1842".

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and alerted the scientific world to the paleontological treasures of the American West, is considered the "father" of American vertebrate paleontology.

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for using algae in environmental research. These include an algal image database, autecology datasets for freshwater algae, algae research with the

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the participants in American science during the 19th century were not professionals, although some of their contributions are of the highest order.

4993: 4632: 4529: 4412: 2446: 1835: 345: 44: 634:, the science of discovering, describing, naming, and classifying species. In recent decades, research has shifted in emphasis to the science of 776:

The Academy's Diatom Herbarium, the largest in the Americas and the second largest in the world, contains approximately 220,000 slides of these

5497: 5053: 4721: 3386:. Mongolians, committed to preserving their natural heritage, needed assistance in developing their scientific and conservation infrastructure. 1952:

By presenting the wilderness to the public, dioramas nurtured an appreciation of our natural heritage, which, coincided with the growth of the

1544: 5547: 5522: 5270: 5205: 5123: 4452: 4349: 4234: 3187: 2602: 1817: 2662: 1033:, had been transferred to the Academy for safekeeping. Currently, the collection contains more than 22,000 specimens, including many types. 4592: 4442: 3894: 3177: 572: 3869: 3398:(the development of local expertise and infrastructure) is implemented in part through the inclusion of scientists and students from the 5517: 5423: 4389: 1402: 1248: 1189:, it was one of the earliest U.S. environmental consulting concerns. Its attachment to the Academy led it to become the first to employ 997: 855:, pioneered deep channel collecting in large tropical rivers and is the lead author of a seminal scientific paper on the biological and 697:

in the New World, include some of the oldest and most important botanical collections in the Americas. Notable early collectors include

677:) and vascular plants, including ferns, conifers and flowering plants. The field of botany has also traditionally included the study of 3844: 5487: 5118: 5003: 4908: 4878: 4683: 4627: 4567: 4422: 3553: 3482: 2141: 3141:

Mears, James A. (1981). "Guide to Plant Collectors Represented in the Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia".

2719: 2683: 819:(crickets, grasshoppers, and their relatives) is a pioneer of presenting biological data on the internet through the creation of the 591: 5260: 5180: 5103: 4873: 4489: 3957: 3406:

in research projects, conferences, and workshops. The Academy has also sponsored the training of Mongolian students in Philadelphia.

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honors research in the natural sciences. It was established in 1923 as a tribute to the many contributions and long association of

1806: 1799: 1273:. This undertaking, possibly the most comprehensive core sampling in any estuary, relies extensively on the center's expertise in 924:, an expert on Jamaican land snails, is a leader in digitised museum collections and research data. Research websites include the 5527: 5369: 5280: 5033: 4813: 4667: 4662: 4647: 4432: 4227: 3618: 2517: 2209: 1917:. The size of the crowds flocking to this display prompted the Academy to relocate to its present-and roomier-location in 1876. 418: 5220: 5113: 4980: 4898: 4637: 4612: 4250: 3403: 2592: 2491: 2485: 1504:

and computational technologies have opened new possibilities for studying the diversity and history of life through the use of

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and a leading resource for the study of life on Earth, with outstanding exhibits and scientific collections. It relocated to

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of Prussia were among the corresponding members (members who lived far from Philadelphia) of the Academy's first decades.

2216:, a distinguished American geologist and pioneering surveyor of the American West who had extensive ties to the Academy. 1578:

Although this research was scientifically rewarding, it was apparent that issues concerning environmental protection and

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Section of the Patrick Center is concerned with the influence of aquatic organisms on the sources, fate and transport of

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Stroud, P.T. (1997). "The Founding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1812 and its journal in 1817".

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Substantial increases in annual mean temperatures and growing season length in this semiarid landscape have resulted in

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Kornfeld, Eve (1984). "Crisis in the Capital: The Cultural Significance of Philadelphia's Great Yellow Fever Epidemic".

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Section of the Patrick Center provides algal analyses for governmental and other agencies interested in both assessing

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in the United States originated in Philadelphia through the efforts of naturalists and scientists associated with the

284: 587: 2470:: The first "learned society" in the Americas, and an important scientific and cultural institution in Philadelphia. 1767:

series, which began in 1935, is composed principally of larger systematic reviews of selected taxonomic groups. The

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published from 1817 to 1842 are referred to as the First Series. The Second Series was published from 1847 to 1918.

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and long-term environmental trends. One such undertaking is the analyses of diatom assemblages in lake sediments (

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Other studies may involve only one or a couple of the research programs. For example, a current project sampling

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series, begun in 1922, includes works such as biography, taxonomy, historical reviews, and collections surveys.

1281:. Once the sampling is completed, scientist will be able to investigate historical trends in marsh development, 952:

The majority of ornithologists active in the United States during the first half of the 19th century, including

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A glorious enterprise : the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the making of American science

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Traditionally, researchers at natural science (or natural history) institutions such as the Academy engaged in

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is given to prominent scientists working in geology or paleontology. It was established in 1888 in memory of

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The Academy houses several collections of smaller size yet historical and scientific importance. The general

693:. Collections at the Academy, which are housed in the Philadelphia Herbarium (PH), the oldest institutional 5195: 4793: 4783: 4778: 4746: 4587: 4572: 4479: 4359: 4284: 4191: 3302: 2505: 2049: 1724: 1579: 1314: 1232: 1022: 933: 908: 741: 624: 354: 4058: 5557: 5300: 5083: 5048: 4965: 4955: 4943: 4858: 4469: 4417: 4379: 4289: 4269: 3337: 1472:

In addition to these research efforts, the Phycology Section of the Patrick Center has developed a set of

1247:. Some of the work employs most of the center's expertise and capabilities, such as recent studies on the 912: 740:, 40,000 of which are types. It also contains some special collections, including the plants collected by 529: 442: 357:

was the cultural capital and one of the country's commercial centers. Two of the city's institutions, the

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Moore, Gerry; Macklin, James; DeCesare, Lisa (2010). "A Brief History of Asa Gray's "Manual of Botany"".

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At the Instance of Benjamin Franklin: A Brief History of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1731-1976

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and skill-building activities, and opportunities for personal growth in a uniquely nurturing setting.

1445:. Moreover, diatoms are readily preserved in sediments, which make them useful organisms for studying 4758: 4730: 4447: 4437: 4344: 4314: 4264: 4204: 3980: 2084: 2041: 1970: 1703: 1390: 1386: 1354: 1244: 1158: 916: 533: 489: 784:

of the Patrick Center for Environmental Research. Former curators of note include Charles S. Boyer,

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In 1979, another type of dinosaur was the subject of an exhibition at the academy when it featured

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began providing artists to help work on the dioramas, fueling the exhibits' continued expansion.

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and continues to conduct research and work with nomadic herders to develop sustainable practices.

1560: 1074:, but he will be retiring in September 2023. He is a co-discoverer of the transitional "fishapod" 5364: 5333: 5308: 5078: 4960: 4921: 4607: 4304: 4124: 4095: 4072: 3994: 3770: 3752: 3260: 3252: 3227:

Potapova, Marina (2010). "The ANSP Diatom Herbarium: an important resource for diatom research".

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Thomas Peter, Bennett (1983). "The History of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia".

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One expression of this transformation was the rise of that icon of natural history museums, the

3873: 3279:"Renovation and computerization of ANSP Diatom Herbarium | Projects - Diatoms of North America" 1224:, the environmental assessments pioneered at the Academy are increasingly conducted by private 5428: 5395: 5265: 5128: 5013: 4970: 4597: 4562: 4509: 4457: 4279: 3953: 3395: 3356: 3244: 3183: 3150: 3115: 3038: 2859: 2808: 2635: 2598: 2573: 2557: 2473: 2328: 2269: 2257: 2069: 1886: 1646: 1587: 1583: 1501: 1442: 1190: 1146: 847: 690: 638:, the study of the evolutionary relationships among these species. The Academy preserves many 521: 373: 288: 1752:

was reborn in 1847 as a larger-format publication that could accommodate longer articles and

1129:. Among the naturalists and scientists associated with these collections are Timothy Conrad, 583: 5415: 5185: 5028: 4652: 4617: 4384: 4329: 4116: 3848: 3744: 3336:

The Sediment Core work in the Delaware Estuary is being conducted in collaboration with the

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was an early member who introduced many American naturalists to the groundbreaking works of

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In 1929 program coordinator Harold T. Green created The Academy's first diorama, depicting

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has been important to the Academy since its founding. Two of its earliest members include

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The survey has yielded numerous new species and hundreds of geographic records for known

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National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, and a diatom paleolimnology database.

3984: 2885: 2520:: A museum of a museum (a Victorian era Natural History museum) located in Philadelphia. 1208:

Its 1948 biological survey of the Conestoga River Basin in Pennsylvania, a milestone in

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collection contains about 40,000 specimens, including more than 500 type specimens. The

1008: 5250: 4582: 4427: 3465: 2698:"The Academy of Natural Sciences and Drexel University Announce a Historic Affiliation" 2391: 2376: 1696: 1662: 1602: 1601:

Recent work at Hovsgol is focusing on the consequences of and sustainable responses to

1591: 1536: 1489: 1446: 1422: 1406: 1394: 1366: 1334: 1298: 1286: 1267: 1134: 1055:, who also worked extensively on other vertebrates, is best known for his rivalry with 1038: 1034: 973: 921: 856: 721: 710: 631: 497: 465: 438: 430: 390: 198: 194: 2488:: The "mother of all subscription libraries", the Library Company was founded in 1731. 421:

were among the pioneers or recognized authorities in their respective areas of study.

5476: 5410: 5400: 5349: 5098: 4484: 4299: 4128: 3756: 3379: 3058: 2871: 2647: 2352: 2079: 1942: 1654: 1642: 1454: 1252: 1202: 1064: 745: 4107:"The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients". 4008:

Peck, Robert, M. (October 1985). "The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia".

3735:"The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients". 3599:. Visual Resources for Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University 3264: 2909: 2828: 2743: 5405: 5240: 5073: 4850: 4374: 3923: 3682: 2997: 2523: 2419: 2397: 2370: 2340: 2322: 2290: 2251: 2191: 2045: 1966: 1638: 1568: 1398: 1318: 1317:. Studies frequently deal with the carbon and nutrient cycling as well as those of 1282: 1198: 1182: 1154: 1105: 1088: 993: 980:, were active members of the Academy. Later notable Academy ornithologists include 961: 860: 804: 785: 765: 749: 537: 525: 485: 448:

Later during the 19th century, other notable naturalists and scientists, including

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were used extensively since the late 1960s. Recent molecular work mainly employs

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The Fisheries Section of the Patrick Center conducts research into the ecology,

1263: 1259: 1118: 1047: 969: 839: 761: 737: 635: 453: 330: 2514:, a children's museum that was housed within the Academy before moving in 1981. 1559:

started with the realization of the unique research opportunities available at

5290: 5165: 3439: 3323: 2165: 1994: 1505: 1338: 1194: 1162: 1082: 957: 900: 896: 888: 876: 823:. Curator and Entomology Department Chair, Jon Gelhaus is a leading expert on 816: 800: 796: 493: 414: 376:

and changed its name to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University.

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Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University on Google Cultural Institute

3535: 3248: 3154: 3119: 3042: 2863: 2812: 2639: 2561: 2476:: The Philadelphia-based university with which the Academy is now affiliated. 1519:

Academy scientists have been early adapters of molecular biology techniques.

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database. Research associate and former curator Danielle Graf, an expert on

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Founded nearby in 1812, it is the oldest natural science institution in the

3506: 2577: 1903: 925: 820: 4219: 3743:(1). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 403–404. June 2007. 3444: 3375: 3240: 3034: 2091: 2023: 1958: 1606: 1556: 1532: 1321:(e.g., lead, copper, mercury, and zinc) and organic contaminants such as 1126: 1071: 1068: 871:(an online digital atlas of catfish morphology), and is a participant in 812: 674: 501: 322: 280: 3773:. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. 20 November 2012 3596: 3256: 3050: 2569: 2009: 807:, a leading natural history illustrator and the chief naturalist on the 67: 4699: 4099: 3162: 3127: 2855: 2820: 2804: 1935: 1433:

Because of their great diversity and specific ecological requirements,

1270: 1114: 852: 3821:. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. Archived from 3795:. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. Archived from 3656: 3179:

Jefferson's Botanists: Lewis and Clark Discover the Plants of the West

3077: 2768:"A Bitter Feud - The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University" 2686:. Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. 4 November 2017 – via Google Books. 1301:

by analysing the core's sediments, chemistry, and diatom assemblages.

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Department, the Patrick Center for Environmental Research focuses on

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Goulden, C.E. (2006). T. Sitnikova; J. Gelhaus; B. Boldgiv (eds.).

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Goulden, C.E. (2006). T. Sitnikova; J. Gelhaus; B. Boldgiv (eds.).

3002: 2996:, is considered the "father" of American paleontology and American 2631: 27:

Natural history research institution and museum in Philadelphia, US

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Phillips, M.E. (1948). "A Brief History of Academy Publications".

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A short history of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

3554:"Academy of Natural Sciences - Thomas Jefferson Fossil Collection" 2664:

A Short History of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

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The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University in March 2024

30:"Academy of Natural Sciences" redirects here. For other uses, see 4535:

University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

3521:. Information on earlier applied work at Hovsgol can be found at 4115:. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences: 403–404. 2007. 3950:

The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Lake Hövsgöl (Mongolia)

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The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Lake Hövsgöl (Mongolia)

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mounts also found their way into other public venues, including

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The Academy publishes three other series. The occasional series

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Long-term ecological work at Hovsgol has been supported by the

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Contributions to the History of North American Natural History

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