534:, who refused to postpone or otherwise modify any of the committee's plans. Cox was afraid that the nationwide publicity might jeopardize the case and that the committee's use of immunity to compel Dean's testimony might altogether bar charges against Dean. Cox decided to obtain a court order either postponing or otherwise modifying the terms of the hearing and preventing the Committee from obtaining immunity for Dean. After the staff lawyers researched the issue, they concluded that there was no basis for such a motion. Heymann was also against it for policy reasons. He thought that Cox should not be perceived as "the one kept the country from getting the story". Since Cox had publicly committed to such a motion, however, he decided to have Heymann argue the motion in court to prevent damage to his own relations with the court. In a court room packed with reporters Heymann gingerly made the argument, mainly to show that the Special Counsel was concerned with the due process rights of the defendants and not to prevent the public from hearing the evidence. (Cox had expressly cautioned him not to "overargue" the motion.) At one point Heymann said, "I want to be careful not to overargue my case ..." Judge
916:
subversion and opposed effort to allow citizens to see evidence against them when they were denied passports. But she claimed she was not the one who issued the order to the embassies, because she was out of the office. Secretary Rusk eventually agreed to set rules for requests for surveillance, but Ms. Knight remained unrepentant, holding a press conveference in which she railed against both
Heymann and his predecessor. The State Department told the
566:
522:, who he knew from his days as Solicitor General, when Neal won a conviction of James Hoffa for jury tampering. It was Neal and Heymann who debriefed the three prosecutors. The next major challenge was to ensure that whoever was indicted would receive a fair trial and prevent premature disclosure of evidence that might compromise the criminal cases. In that regard the
618:, is a former Assistant United States Attorney. His daughter Jody, with whom he wrote an article in 1996 while she was assistant professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, subsequently became Dean of the Field School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles.
480:
At
Harvard he was now a colleague of Archibald Cox, his boss in the Solicitor General's office. Their political impulses were roughly the same. Heymann joined Cox and most of the Law School faculty, for instance, in an open letter to Congress, urging an end to the Vietnam war at the height of student
468:
Heymann left the State
Department for Harvard Law School where he taught as visiting professor from July 1969. He was one of the very few faculty hires by the law school who had a substantial amount of non-academic experience between graduation and appointment. Heymann also became a faculty member at
915:
to express his "dismay" on learning that the government was spying on citizens abroad because of their political beliefs. The head of the
Passport Office, Frances G. Knight,. it turned out, had a long and controversial history, questing whether the U.S. had the "will" to defend itself from communist
888:
that a shaving cream manufacturer cease broadcasting misleading demonstrations claiming that its product enabled sand to be shaved from sandpaper. Justices joked about the prevalence and amateurishness of misleading claims on television commercials. Heymann said of his performance that he was "doing
517:
The first task of the three lawyers was to prevent the resignation of the three assistant United States
Attorneys who had prosecuted the Watergate burglars, who had threatened to quit in a pique because Cox had not consulted with them before appearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee to explain
476:
Heymann believed that law students were better served by being taught how to build institutions rather than merely instructed in legal ideas. At the beginning of his academic career
Heymann worked to introduce law students to some of the methods taught in the Kennedy School for creating and managing
308:
before he resigned over management and policy differences as well as perceived interference by the White House. He was involved internationally in supporting the rule of law in criminal justice systems. In domestic politics he was a vocal supporter of civil and political liberties and, as such, was
406:. After his admission to the Supreme Court bar in 1963, Heymann argued six cases before the Supreme Court. Only one of these, however, received any publicity, and that was owing to the unusual levity of the court on that occasion. Heymann left the Solicitor General's office shortly after President
933:
Professors tend to exaggerate the importance of most new ideas. Much that is most important to our lives and to our history happens when, on a larger or smaller stage, individuals create or shape institutions. And much of the most important teaching is not about new discoveries or new critical
439:
had asked for the instructions and that such surveillance requests had routinely been made without the knowledge of the directors of the Bureau for at least two decades. The affair became something of a political issue, an early pushback against government surveillance. After serving as acting
513:
concluded that because Cox's own son broke the family tradition by not entering the legal profession and because
Heymann worked for Cox at the Solicitor General's Office and trained under him at Harvard Law School, Heymann, his Harvard colleague, "was as close to Archibald Cox as a son".
920:
that there was no evidence she was out of the office when the order was sent and that it was her responsibility in any event. Knight called
Heymann a "34 year old whiz kid", one of eight bosses she had in 10 years, but said she would follow orders "if I can find out what they
430:
and was appointed acting administrator in March 1966. Right before his appointment he issued a reprimand to the head of the
Passport Office for asking the U.S. embassies in Paris and Moscow to report on the activities of Harvard history professor and anti-nuclear activist
504:
from 1965 to 1967 and had founded and chaired the Center for the
Advancement of Criminal Justice at Harvard Law School. He was therefore versed in how to create, staff and run a large legal institution dealing with complex problems. The other was Heymann. Journalist
321:, Heymann studied and published on how prosecution of antiterror policies can be done consistent with the rule of law in a democratic society. He was later James Bar Ames Professor of Law, Emeritus at Harvard Law School, where he began teaching in 1969.
33:
2116:
501:
893:
reported that the court "muses gaily on shaves", and Anthony Lewis used the cases to introduce his musings on how the judges made decisions humanly. The Supreme Court ultimately upheld the order in an opinion at 380 U.S. 374
440:
administrator of the Bureau for nearly a year, Heymann was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary in the State Department's Bureau of Internal Organizations. In 1967 he became Executive Assistant to Under Secretary of State
518:
how he planned to proceed. Cox met with them for two and a half hours, and while he gave them a tepid letter of support. he privately determined that he needed to hire a criminal trial lawyer to replace them. Cox hired
824:
477:
institutions. In 1979 he proposed and the Law School tentatively approved a proposal for a 13-hour elective in such fields as analytical methods, economic theory, statistical methods and political theory.
2106:
489:
brief to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on behalf of the American Mutual Assurance Alliance and the American Insurance Association, in support of the constitutionality of Massachusetts's
949:
not be confirmed as Supreme Court Justice on the ground that he was "outside the central stream of contemporary constitution thought", which was signed by Heymann and 19 other faculty members.
296:(October 30, 1932 β November 30, 2021) was an American legal scholar and federal prosecutor who headed the Criminal Division of the Justice Department as Assistant Attorney General during the
553:. He was deeply pessimistic that Nixon would allow the prosecutors to continue. He would nevertheless return for the summers of 1974 and 1975 to work in the office of Cox's successor,
333:
section of Pittsburgh on October 30, 1932, as one of two children of Sidney B. and Bessie (Kann) Heymann. His father owned an insurance agency. He was a 1950 graduate of Pittsburgh's
1552:
1988:
Raub, Amy, Adele Cassola, Isabel Latz and Jody Heymann, "Protections of Equal Rights across Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: An Analysis of 193 National Constitutions", 28
101:
366:
in Paris for the 1954β1955 academic year. He then served two years in the Air Force's Office of Special Investigations, reviewing security clearances. He later received his
435:. The written reprimand cited the significant freedom that Americans ought to enjoy in freedom of movement. After issuing the reprimand, the Bureau learned that the
2121:
1726:
1689:
1657:
1625:
1273:
1487:
1145:
974:(Harvard Law, 1960) in 1967. The Massachusetts high court upheld the law, opening the way for other states to adopt the scheme, in a unanimous decision.
444:. In 1968 Heymann helped Katzenbach force a reluctant State Department bureaucracy to finally undertake a review of the denial of security clearance of
1524:
2091:
1831:
1371:
1400:
1181:
523:
314:
97:
1059:
1589:
485:. Cox, unlike Heymann, however, refused to involve himself in the politics of the Supreme Court. Heymann collaborated with Cox in drafting the
2081:
2076:
399:
2031:
1955:
301:
45:
1904:
1428:
1340:
1217:
2101:
550:
761:
Heymann, Philip B and Mark H. Moore, "The Federal Role in Dealing with Violent Street Crime: Principles, Questions, and Cautions", 543
541:
Heymann spent the rest of the summer working as Associate Special Counsel, returning to Cambridge to teach in the fall. When President
2096:
500:. Cox chose two fellow faculty members to help him set up the office. One was James Vorenberg, who had been the executive director of
1309:
958:
The first comprehensive legislative proposal for a no-fault automobile insurance scheme was proposed by Harvard Law School Professor
1874:
427:
2111:
377:
206:
436:
1802:
754:
Getmann, Philip B., "Should Latin American Prosecutors Be Independent of the Executive in Prosecuting Government Abuses?" 26
747:
Heymann, Philip B., "Considering the Costs and Benefits of Lawyering in Drafting Legislation or Establishing Precedents, 36
2086:
1401:"Rusk Will Set Rules for Reports on Travelers; Miss Knight Defends Sending F.B.I. Requests Abroad Calls It 30-Year Policy"
2126:
1456:
1118:
880:
310:
614:
In 1954, Heymann married the former Ann Ross of the Oakland section of Pittsburgh, and they had two children. His son,
592:
He was Assistant Attorney General (Criminal Division) from 1978 to 1981 and Deputy Attorney General from 1993 to 1994.
1223:
423:
330:
297:
733:
Heymann, Philip B., "International Cooperation in Dealing With Terrorism: A Review of Law and Recent Practice", 6
2024:
1760:
496:
In May 1973 when Cox was confirmed as the Special Counsel to investigate and prosecute crimes connected with the
460:'s allegations. The conduct of Davies was vindicated in the later review and his security clearance re-instated.
78:
1246:
538:
tersely replied: "No chance of that, young man." The court denied the Special Counsel's motion in all respects.
885:
740:
Heymann, Philip B., "Two Models of National Attitudes toward International Cooperation in Law Enforcement", 31
621:
Heymann died from complications of a stroke at his home in Los Angeles on November 30, 2021, at the age of 89.
578:
338:
719:
Heymann, Philip B. and Sara Holtz, "The Severely Defective Newborn: The Dilemma and the Decision Process", 23
546:
1027:
470:
445:
305:
679:
Long-Term Legal Strategy Project for Preserving Security and Democratic Freedoms in the War on Terrorism
407:
134:
1525:"The Long Trial Of John Paton Davies; A former diplomat's ordeal shows how McCarthyism still haunts us"
2071:
2066:
963:
596:
482:
318:
1789:
Not Above the Law: The Battle of Watergate Prosecutors Cox and Jaworski, A Behind the scenes Account
554:
441:
370:
degree from Harvard Law School, where he was third in his class and one of two case editors of the
363:
1966:
1096:
1091:
490:
453:
372:
334:
259:
509:
who saw the daily workings of the special counsel's office as communications adviser to Cox and
1870:
1866:
1798:
946:
789:
Heymann, Philip B., "Cautionary Note on the Expanding Role of the U.S. Attorneys' Office", 28
582:
497:
359:
1794:
1787:
796:
Heymann, Philip B., "Civil Liberties and Human Rights in the Aftermath of September 11", 29
432:
254:
146:
1960:
971:
908:
615:
549:
Heymann flew to Washington to lend Cox moral support during Cox's press conference at the
457:
351:
346:
250:
239:
993:
2048:
904:
768:
Heymann, Philip and Jody Heymann, "The Fate of Public Debate in the United States", 33
506:
355:
90:
2060:
1859:
959:
542:
519:
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403:
526:
proved a challenge because they were about to televise a hearing with Nixon counsel
2037:
603:
565:
367:
263:
122:
66:
1905:"Immunity Denied: But Sirica Grants It in the Senate InquiryβBars Plea for Delay"
570:
535:
452:
whose security clearance was revoked 14 years before by then Secretary of State
449:
195:
810:
Blum, Gabriella and Philip B. Heymann, "Law and Policy of Targeted Killing", 1
502:
President Johnson's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
1747:
1710:
1610:
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1508:
1294:
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in 1964. The Massachusetts legislation was introduced by state representative
907:
took up the case (even though Professor Hughes had run against him to succeed
586:
337:. Heymann's sister, Sidney (known as Sally) became a licensed psychologist in
178:
912:
865:, consolidated and argued March 8, 1965, opinion at 380 U.S. 624 (1965) and
527:
32:
531:
569:
Heymann speaks at a Department of Justice memorial tribute ceremony for
2004:
934:
insights into what has been assumed. It is about building institutions.
911:
as Senator) by writing a "sternly owrded" letter to Secretary of State
658:
Terrorism and America: A Commonsense Strategy for a Democratic Society
2008:
825:
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)
726:
Heymann, Philip B., "A Law Enforcement Model for Legal Services", 23
2117:
United States assistant attorneys general for the Criminal Division
665:
Drug Addiction and Drug Policy: The Struggle to Control Dependence
564:
493:
scheme, a piece of legislation with a decided Harvard connection.
700:
Laws, Outlaws, and Terrorists: Lessons from the War on Terrorism
681:( National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, ).
712:
Heymann, Philip B., "Understanding Criminal Investigations", 22
857:, argued on December 14, 1964, opinion at 380 U.S. 374 (1965);
845:, argued on January 7β8, 1965, opinion at 376 U.S. 182 (1964);
1092:"Philip B. Heymann, 89, Dies; Prosecuted Watergate and Abscam"
763:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1727:"No Fault Auto Insurance Faces Constitutionality Test Today"
637:
The Murder Trial of Wilbur Jackson: A Homicide in the Family
1690:"Twenty Faculty Urge Senate to Reject Rehnquist Nomination"
930:
Much later, in a tribute to James Vorenberg, Heymann wrote:
735:
American University Journal of International Law and Policy
667:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001).
859:
Paragon Jewel Coal Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
653:(Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 1993).
649:
Mathews, M.L., Philip B. Heymann and A.S. Mathews (eds.),
849:, argued March 3, 1964, opinion at 376 U.S. 358 (1964);
398:
From 1961 to 1965 Heymann practiced in the office of the
853:, argued April 3, 1965, opinion at 378 U.S. 139 (1964);
1626:"Faculty Tentatively Accepts Joint Course with Kennedy"
869:, argued April 1, 1965, opinion at 380 U.S. 445 (1965).
1341:"Miss Knight Given Rebuke for Action Sought by F.B.I."
945:
Cox did not sign the letter to the Senate urging that
672:
Terrorism, Freedom, and Security: Winning Without War
2107:
Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
1060:"Prosecutors, Justices Hail City Native for Justice"
414:
resignation at the end of the court's term in 1965.
1310:"State Department Appoints a Successor to Schwartz"
775:Heymann, Philip B., "Democracy and Corruption", 20
270:
246:
235:
212:
202:
185:
161:
156:
140:
128:
118:
96:
84:
72:
62:
43:
23:
1965:
1903:
1858:
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1523:
1486:
1455:
1427:
1399:
1370:
1339:
1308:
1272:
1216:
1180:
1144:
635:Heymann, Philip B. and William H. Kenety (comp.),
1187:Journal of the Supreme Court of the United States
1053:
1051:
1049:
855:Federal Trade Commission v. Colgate Palmolive Co.
646:(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, c1987).
663:Heymann, Philip B. and William N. Brownsberger,
931:
1365:
1363:
1793:. New York: William Morrow & Co. p.
1123:United States Department of Justice Web Pages
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
756:University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
639:(St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1975).
8:
1334:
1332:
702:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2010).
688:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2005).
674:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2003).
660:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1998).
1865:. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. pp.
782:Heymann, Philip B., "The New Policing", 28
684:Heymann, Philip B. and Juliette N. Kayyem,
677:Heymann, Philip B. and Juliette N. Kayyem,
606:National Governing Board in 1978 and 1998.
2013:
1481:
1479:
1182:"Admissions to the Bar, November 18, 1963"
1090:Seelye, Katharine Q. (November 30, 2021).
456:, who made the decision under pressure of
422:In September 1965 he became deputy in the
31:
20:
16:27th United States Deputy Attorney General
1210:
1208:
1028:"Carter Backs City Native for Crime Post"
966:in a law review article published in the
889:better as a comedian" than a lawyer. The
863:Commissioner of Internal Revue v. Merritt
803:Heymann, Philip, "The On/Off Switch", 16
695:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).
545:fired Cox that October in the so-called
530:. Cox met with the Committee's counsel,
98:United States Assistant Attorney General
1889:
1772:
985:
835:
805:William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal
698:Blum, Gabriella and Philip B. Heymann,
424:Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs
2122:United States deputy attorneys general
1085:
1083:
1081:
686:Protecting Liberty in an Age of Terror
400:Solicitor General of the United States
58:May 28, 1993 β March 17, 1994
1942:
1930:
1861:Archibald Cox: Conscience of a Nation
1817:
1763:, 360 Mass. 1, 271 N.E.2d 592 (1971).
651:Policing the Conflict in South Africa
376:. Thereafter, he clerked for Justice
46:United States Deputy Attorney General
7:
1956:"Sport: Trouble in The Locker Rooms"
1658:"Text of Faculty Letter to Congress"
1587:Heymann, Philip B. (November 2000).
1457:"Negro Woman Seen for Passport Post"
599:'s bipartisan Sentencing Committee.
344:In 1954 he received his B.A. degree
1522:Finney, John W. (August 31, 1969).
1215:Lewis, Anthony (January 17, 1965).
1026:Goldenberg, Gene (March 29, 1978).
843:Brooks v. Missouri Pacific Rail Co.
315:warrantless domestic spying program
1964:. October 15, 1990. Archived from
1247:"High Court Muses Gaily on Shaves"
14:
1902:Ripley, Anthony (June 13, 1973).
1832:"Cox Staff Begins Review of Case"
1398:Kenworth, E.W. (March 26, 1966).
812:Harvard National Security Journal
777:Fordham International Law Journal
742:Harvard International Law Journal
644:The Politics of Public Management
2092:Clinton administration personnel
1990:Yale Journal of Law and Feminism
1830:Ripley, Anthony (May 31, 1973).
1553:"Faculty Chosen the Harvard Way"
1372:"Rusk is Pressed on 'Shadowing'"
1146:"Law Review Elects New Officers"
1464:. February 28, 1967. p. 26
1253:. December 11, 1964. p. 34
595:Heymann was co-chairman of the
225:
1058:Krupa, Gregg (April 5, 1993).
770:Harvard Journal on Legislation
714:Harvard Journal on Legislation
1:
2082:21st-century American lawyers
2077:20th-century American lawyers
1590:"n memoriam: James Vorenberg"
791:Capital University Law Review
311:George W. Bush administration
2032:U.S. Deputy Attorney General
1436:. March 26, 1966. p. 11
1379:. March 23, 1966. p. 44
1317:. March 17, 1966. p. 45
1279:Department of State Bulletin
881:FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.
1530:The New York Times Magazine
1348:. March 23, 1966. p. 1
1285:(1398): 593. April 11, 1966
1224:The New York Times Magazine
884:, involved an order by the
380:during the 1960-1961 term.
354:, where he was a member of
2143:
2102:Harvard Law School faculty
1724:Ward, Greg (May 6, 1971).
1701:(10): 5. December 10, 1971
524:Senate Watergate Committee
464:Harvard, Cox and Watergate
394:Solicitor General's Office
358:Society. He was awarded a
2097:Harvard Law School alumni
2045:
2029:
2025:George J. Terwilliger III
2021:
2016:
1000:. Harvard Law School. n.d
784:Fordham Urban Law Journal
693:Living the Policy Process
309:actively critical of the
287:
152:
107:
79:George J. Terwilliger III
51:
39:
30:
1669:(Extra): 2. May 20, 1970
1637:(9): 1. December 3, 1971
1499:(1): 5. February 6, 1969
1074:– via Google News.
1042:– via Google News.
886:Federal Trade Commission
867:Jenkins v. United States
847:Bruning v. United States
751:191-216 (February 1991).
579:National Football League
362:, and he studied at the
339:Washington, Pennsylvania
329:Heymann was born in the
325:Early life and education
2112:Lawyers from Pittsburgh
1677:– via HeinOnline.
1645:– via HeinOnline.
1564:(2): 7. October 8, 1970
1064:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
851:Fallen v. United States
814:145-70 (June 27, 2010).
786:407-56 (December 2000).
779:323-46 (December 1996).
585:of female sportswriter
547:Saturday Night Massacre
389:Early government career
302:Deputy Attorney General
294:Philip Benjamin Heymann
166:Philip Benjamin Heymann
936:
772:511-26 (Spring 1996).
765:103-15 (January 1996).
602:He was elected to the
574:
471:Harvard Kennedy School
393:
306:Clinton administration
1992:149-70 at 149 (2016).
1857:Gormley, Ken (1997).
1785:Doyle, James (1977).
1429:"Called a 'Whiz Kid'"
1218:"Nine Very Human Men"
1157:(1): 4. March 5, 1959
807:55-62 (October 2007).
744:99-107 (Winter 1990).
716:315-34 (Summer 1985).
625:Selected publications
577:Heymann compiled the
568:
481:unrest following the
298:Carter administration
135:Benjamin R. Civiletti
2087:California Democrats
1532:. pp. SM7, SM35
800:17-25 (Winter 2002).
758:535-59 (April 1995).
749:Villanova Law Review
728:Clearinghouse Review
723:381-417 (Fall 1975).
691:Heymann, Philip B.,
670:Heymann, Philip B.,
656:Heymann, Philip B.,
642:Heymann, Philip B.,
597:Constitution Project
483:Kent State shootings
341:. She died in 1991.
319:September 11 attacks
181:, Pennsylvania, U.S.
2127:Yale College alumni
1119:"Philip B. Heymann"
994:"Philip B. Heymann"
730:254-57 (July 1989).
551:National Press Club
442:Nicholas Katzenbach
313:, particularly its
1910:The New York Times
1836:The New York Times
1732:Harvard Law Record
1695:Harvard Law Record
1663:Harvard Law Record
1631:Harvard Law Record
1595:Harvard Law Review
1558:Harvard Law Record
1493:Harvard Law Record
1462:The New York Times
1434:The New York Times
1406:The New York Times
1377:The New York Times
1346:The New York Times
1315:The New York Times
1251:The New York Times
1151:Harvard Law Record
1097:The New York Times
968:Harvard Law Review
575:
491:No-fault insurance
454:John Foster Dulles
373:Harvard Law Review
335:Shady Side Academy
317:. Even before the
260:Harvard University
198:, California, U.S.
2055:
2054:
2046:Succeeded by
2040:
1970:on April 23, 2007
1820:, pp. 51β52.
1761:Pinnick v. Cleary
964:Jeffrey O'Connell
947:William Rehnquist
737:1-34 (Fall 1990).
583:sexual harassment
498:Watergate scandal
446:John Paton Davies
291:
290:
189:November 30, 2021
102:Criminal Division
25:Philip B. Heymann
2134:
2035:
2022:Preceded by
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418:State Department
300:and was briefly
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420:
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360:Fulbright grant
352:Yale University
347:summa cum laude
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2019:
2018:
2017:Legal offices
2012:
2011:
2000:
1999:External links
1997:
1995:
1994:
1981:
1947:
1945:, p. 211.
1935:
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1274:"Designations"
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520:James F. Neal
515:
512:
511:Leon Jaworski
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487:amicus curiae
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448:, one of the
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404:Archibald Cox
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19:
2038:Bill Clinton
2030:
1989:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1967:the original
1959:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1916:September 9,
1914:. Retrieved
1909:
1897:
1890:Gormley 1997
1885:
1860:
1852:
1842:September 7,
1840:. Retrieved
1838:. p. 32
1835:
1825:
1813:
1788:
1780:
1773:Heymann 2000
1768:
1756:
1746:– via
1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1731:
1719:
1709:– via
1703:. Retrieved
1698:
1694:
1683:
1673:September 9,
1671:. Retrieved
1666:
1662:
1651:
1641:September 9,
1639:. Retrieved
1634:
1630:
1619:
1609:– via
1605:September 8,
1603:. Retrieved
1601:(1): 9β12, 9
1598:
1594:
1582:
1572:– via
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1557:
1546:
1536:September 7,
1534:. Retrieved
1529:
1517:
1507:– via
1503:September 8,
1501:. Retrieved
1496:
1492:
1468:September 7,
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1450:
1440:September 7,
1438:. Retrieved
1433:
1422:
1412:September 7,
1410:. Retrieved
1408:. p. 11
1405:
1393:
1383:September 7,
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1352:September 7,
1350:. Retrieved
1345:
1321:September 7,
1319:. Retrieved
1314:
1303:
1293:– via
1287:. Retrieved
1282:
1278:
1267:
1257:September 7,
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1231:September 7,
1229:. Retrieved
1222:
1197:– via
1191:. Retrieved
1186:
1175:
1165:– via
1161:September 9,
1159:. Retrieved
1154:
1150:
1139:
1129:September 7,
1127:. Retrieved
1122:
1113:
1103:November 30,
1101:. Retrieved
1095:
1070:September 7,
1068:. Retrieved
1063:
1038:September 6,
1036:. Retrieved
1034:. p. A4
1031:
1004:September 7,
1002:. Retrieved
997:
988:
967:
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811:
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798:Human Rights
797:
790:
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604:Common Cause
601:
594:
591:
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561:Later career
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486:
479:
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467:
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411:
397:
371:
345:
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293:
292:
191:(2021-11-30)
142:Succeeded by
123:Jimmy Carter
109:
86:Succeeded by
67:Bill Clinton
53:
18:
2072:2021 deaths
2067:1932 births
2005:Appearances
1912:. p. 1
1189:: 100. 1963
571:Jack Keeney
536:John Sirica
507:James Doyle
450:China Hands
196:Los Angeles
130:Preceded by
74:Preceded by
2061:Categories
2043:1993β1994
1943:Doyle 1977
1931:Doyle 1977
1818:Doyle 1977
1804:0688031927
1748:HeinOnline
1711:HeinOnline
1611:Heinonline
1574:HeinOnline
1509:HeinOnline
1295:HeinOnline
1199:HeinOnline
1167:HeinOnline
981:References
587:Lisa Olson
271:Occupation
207:Democratic
179:Pittsburgh
172:1932-10-30
913:Dean Rusk
878:The case
528:John Dean
412:pro forma
247:Education
119:President
114:1978β1981
110:In office
63:President
54:In office
903:Senator
819:See also
707:Articles
532:Sam Dash
364:Sorbonne
280:academic
277:Attorney
236:Children
218:Ann Ross
100:for the
1974:May 28,
894:(1965).
573:in 2012
426:of the
408:Johnson
304:in the
240:Stephen
230:
222:
2009:C-SPAN
1873:
1867:272β73
1801:
402:under
384:Career
242:, Jody
213:Spouse
962:with
921:are".
918:Times
831:Notes
630:Books
350:from
224:(
220:
44:27th
1976:2011
1961:Time
1918:2016
1871:ISBN
1844:2016
1799:ISBN
1744:2016
1707:2016
1675:2016
1643:2016
1607:2016
1570:2016
1538:2016
1505:2016
1470:2016
1442:2016
1414:2016
1385:2016
1354:2016
1323:2016
1291:2016
1259:2016
1233:2016
1195:2016
1163:2016
1131:2016
1105:2021
1072:2016
1040:2016
1006:2016
861:and
368:J.D.
186:Died
162:Born
2007:on
1599:114
437:FBI
2063::
1958:.
1908:.
1869:.
1834:.
1797:.
1795:49
1736:52
1734:.
1730:.
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1693:.
1667:50
1665:.
1661:.
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1633:.
1629:.
1597:.
1593:.
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1560:.
1556:.
1528:.
1497:48
1495:.
1491:.
1478:^
1460:.
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1344:.
1331:^
1313:.
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1281:.
1277:.
1249:.
1221:.
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1153:.
1149:.
1121:.
1094:.
1080:^
1062:.
1048:^
1030:.
1014:^
996:.
589:.
557:.
473:.
264:JD
255:BA
226:m.
1978:.
1920:.
1879:.
1846:.
1807:.
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1713:.
1613:.
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1511:.
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1008:.
266:)
262:(
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253:(
174:)
170:(
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