Philip IV of France - Knowledge (XXG)

1146: 791: 2401: 2232: 2128: 2009: 1932: 1889: 1864: 1678: 1502: 1098:. Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues. Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne. The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were officials in the proper sense. After assuming the throne, Philip inherited a sizable debt from his father's war against Aragon. By November 1286 it reached 8 tonnes of silver to his primary financiers, the Templars, equivalent to 17% of government revenue. This debt was quickly paid off, and, in 1287 and 1288, Philip's kingdom ran a budget surplus. 1293:). It seems that, with the "discovery" and repression of the "Templars' heresy", the Capetian monarchy claimed for itself the mystic foundations of the papal theocracy. The Temple case was the last step of a process of appropriating these foundations, which had begun with the Franco-papal rift at the time of Boniface VIII. Being the ultimate defender of the Catholic faith, the Capetian king was invested with a Christ-like function that put him above the pope. What was at stake in the Templars' trial, then, was the establishment of a "royal theocracy". 2343: 2162: 2137: 1948: 1905: 1848: 1662: 1637: 2214: 1069: 2469: 2457: 585: 53: 1353:, and retired to deliberate on this unexpected contingency, but they were saved all trouble. When the news was carried to Philippe he was furious. A short consultation with his council only was required. The canons pronounced that a relapsed heretic was to be burned without a hearing; the facts were notorious and no formal judgment by the papal commission need be waited for. That same day, by sunset, a stake was erected on a small island in the 1369:, and in eight months Philip IV, at the age of forty-six, died in a hunting accident. This gave rise to the legend that de Molay had cited them before the tribunal of God, which became popular among the French population. Even in Germany, Philip's death was spoken of as a retribution for his destruction of the Templars, and Clement was described as shedding tears of remorse on his deathbed for three great crimes, namely the poisoning of 1179:

subjects to provide all or half, respectively, of their silver vessels for minting into coins. New taxes were levied to pay for the deficit. As people attempted to move their wealth out of the country in non-monetary form, Philip banned merchandise exports without royal approval. The king obtained another crusade tithe from the pope and returned the royal treasure to the Temple to gain the Templars as his creditors again.

1989: 1305: 738: 1105:'s silver production, combined with Philip's wars against Aragon, England and Flanders, drove the French government to fiscal deficits. The war against Aragon, inherited from Philip's father, required the expenditure of 1.5 million LT (livres tournois) and the 1294–99 war against England over Gascony another 1.73 million LT. Loans from the Aragonese War were still being paid back in 1306. 1120:) from the Church lands in France. With revenues of 1.52 million LP, the church in France had greater fiscal resources than the royal government, whose ordinary revenues in 1289 amounted to 595,318 LP and overall revenues to 1.2 million LP. By November 1290, the deficit stood at 6% of revenues. In 1291 the budget swung back into surplus only to fall into deficit again in 1292. 2513: 1266: 1195:. To harmonize the strength of the old and new currencies, the debased coinage of 1303 was devalued accordingly by two-thirds. The debtors were driven to penury by the need to repay their loans in the new, strong currency. This led to rioting in Paris on 30 December 1306, forcing Philip to briefly seek refuge in the Paris Temple, the headquarters of the Knights Templar. 1286:

organization as it existed in France, in part to free himself from his debts. Other motives appear to have included concern over perceived heresy, assertion of French control over a weakened Papacy, and finally, the substitution of royal officials for officers of the Temple in the financial management of French government.

833:, Philip summoned Edward to the French court. The English king sought to negotiate the matter via ambassadors sent to Paris, but they were turned away with a blunt refusal. Philip addressed Edward as a duke, a vassal, and nothing more, despite the international implications of the relationship between England and France. 1349:

the assembled crowd, de Molay and Geoffroi de Charney arose. They had been guilty, they said, not of the crimes imputed to them, but of basely betraying their Order to save their own lives. It was pure and holy; the charges were fictitious and the confessions false. Hastily the cardinals delivered them to the

1285:

had been largely replaced by banking and other commercial activities by the end of the 13th century. As the popularity of the Crusades had decreased, support for the military orders had waned, and Philip used a disgruntled complaint against the Knights Templar as an excuse to move against the entire

1166:

The resulting inflation damaged the real incomes of the creditors such as the aristocracy and the Church, who received a weaker currency in return for the loans they had issued in a stronger currency. The indebted lower classes did not benefit from the devaluation, as the high inflation ate into the

1127:

merchants, who had earlier made him extensive loans on the pledge of repayment from future taxation. The Lombards' assets were seized by government agents and the crown extracted 250,000 LT by forcing the Lombards to purchase French nationality. Despite this draconian measure, the deficits continued

1202:

on 22 July 1306 and confiscated their property on 23 August, collecting at least 140,000 LP with this measure. With the Jews gone, Philip appointed royal guardians to collect the loans made by the Jews, and the money was passed to the Crown. After Philip, in 1315, the Jews were invited back with an

856:

But Edward, Edmund, and the English had been deceived. The French had no intention of returning the land to the English monarch. Edward kept up his part of the deal and turned over his continental estates to the French. However, Philip used the pretext that the English king had refused his summons

847:

An agreement was indeed reached; it stated that Edward would temporarily relinquish Gascony to Philip as a sign of submission in his capacity as the duke of Aquitaine. In return, Philip would forgive Edward and restore Gascony after a grace period. In the matter of the marriage, Philip drove a hard

1348:

and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences, which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penance imposed was in accordance with rule – that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to be concluded when, to the dismay of the prelates and wonderment of

602:

became heir apparent. Only five months later, in January 1271, Philip's mother died after falling from a horse; she was pregnant with her fifth child at the time and had not yet been crowned queen beside her husband. A few months later, one of Philip's younger brothers, Robert, also died. Philip's

1182:

Despite their consequences these decisions were not considered immoral at that time, as they were the prince's accepted right, and this right could be taken far if a special situation, such as war, justified it. Furthermore, the issue of coins with a lower content of silver was needed to maintain

706:

at any cost. He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. To the public he kept aloof, and left specific policies, especially unpopular ones, to his ministers; as such he was compared to a "useless owl" by Bishop Saisset. Others like William of Nogaret

1178:

The defeat at the battle of Golden Spurs in 1302 was a crushing blow to French finance: the 15 months which followed this battle saw a depreciation of the currency by 37%, and new decrees were issued forbidding the export of gold and silver abroad. The royal government had to order officials and

1162:

of coinage as an alternative tool to meet his military expenditures. This measure made people wary of taking their coins to royal mints, preferring to take their silver abroad to exchange it for strong currencies, which by 1301 led to a dramatic disappearance of silver in France. Currency

668:

in Ile-de-France, and thus effectively were united to the king's own lands, expanding his realm. The annexation of wealthy Champagne increased the royal revenues considerably, removed the autonomy of a large semi-independent fief and expanded royal territory eastward. Philip also gained

1361:, near the palace garden. There de Molay and de Charney were slowly burned to death, refusing all offers of pardon for retraction, and bearing their torment with a composure which won for them the reputation of martyrs among the people, who reverently collected their ashes as relics. 656:(1271–1305) on 16 August 1284. The two were affectionate and devoted to each other and Philip refused to remarry after Joan's death in 1305, despite the great political and financial rewards of doing so. The primary administrative benefit of the marriage was Joan's inheritance of 1296:

At daybreak on Friday, 13 October 1307, hundreds of Templars in France were simultaneously arrested by agents of Philip the Fair, to be later tortured into admitting heresy in the Order. The Templars were supposedly answerable only to the Pope, but Philip used his influence over

1157:

In 1294, France and England went to war and in 1297, the county of Flanders declared its independence from France. This conflict accelerated the financial problems incurred by the french monarch. As warfare continued and fiscal deficits persisted, Philip had no remedy but to use

1145: 1222:

In 1301, Philip had the bishop of Pamier arrested for treason. Boniface called French bishops to Rome to discuss Philip's actions. In response, Philip convoked an assembly of bishops, nobles and grand bourgeois of Paris in order to condemn the Pope. This precursor to the

1034:. He again offered a military collaboration between the Christian nations of Europe and the Mongols against the Mamluks. European nations attempted another Crusade but were delayed, and it never took place. On 4 April 1312, another Crusade was promulgated at the 1301:, who was largely his pawn, to disband the organization. Pope Clement did attempt to hold proper trials, but Philip used the previously forced confessions to have many Templars burned at the stake before they could mount a proper defence. 490:" and a recurring threat to royal power. In 1306 Philip expelled the Jews from France, followed by the total destruction of the Knights Templar the next year in 1307. To further strengthen the monarchy, Philip tried to tax and impose 1381:. Within fourteen years the throne passed rapidly through Philip's sons, who died relatively young, and without producing male heirs. By 1328, his male line was extinguished, and the throne had passed to the line of his brother, the 1227:

appeared for the first time during his reign, a measure of the professionalism and order that his ministers were introducing into government. This assembly, which was composed of clergy, nobles, and burghers, gave support to Philip.

947:, which ended in a decisive French victory. Consequently, in 1305, Philip forced the Flemish to accept a harsh peace treaty which exacted heavy reparations and penalties and added to the royal territory the rich cloth cities of 693:, senior heir of Philip IV, with lands elsewhere in France. However, pressure from Joan II's family led to Phillip VI surrendering the land to Joan in 1329, and the rulers of Navarre and France were again different individuals. 1023:, to accompany Bar Sauma back to Mongol lands. There was further correspondence between Arghun and Philip in 1288 and 1289, outlining potential military cooperation. However, Philip never actually pursued such military plans. 1219:(1296), forbidding the transference of any church property to the French Crown. Philip retaliated by forbidding the removal of bullion from France. By 1297, Boniface agreed to Philip's taxation of the clergy in emergencies. 648:

points out that such a deal was probably unnecessary, as Peter had little to gain from provoking a battle with the withdrawing French or angering the young Philip, who had friendly relations with Aragon through his mother.

1132:

Franzesi bankers as his main source of finance. The Italians could raise huge loans far beyond the capacities of the Templars, and Philip came to rely on them more and more. The royal treasure was transferred from the

701:

After marrying Joan I of Navarre, becoming Philip I of Navarre, Philip ascended the French throne at the age of 17. He was crowned as King on 6 January 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was determined to strengthen the

688:

was poor but had a degree of strategic importance. When in 1328 the Capetian line went extinct, the new Valois king, Philip VI, attempted to permanently annex the lands to France, compensating the lawful claimant,

840:, who was Philip's cousin as well as his step-father-in-law, in attempts to negotiate with the French royal family and avert war. Additionally, Edward had by that time become betrothed by proxy to Philip's sister 1019:. In return, Arghun offered to return Jerusalem to the Christians, once it was re-captured from the Muslims. Philip seemingly responded positively to the request of the embassy by sending one of his noblemen, 4100:

Torre, Ignacio de la (2010). "The Monetary Fluctuations in Philip IV's Kingdom of France and Their Relevance to the Arrest of the Templars". In Jochen Burgtorf; Paul F. Crawford & Helen Nicholson (eds.).

852:

would be retained by Philip in return for agreeing to the marriage. The date of the wedding was also put off until the formality of sequestering and regranting the French lands back to Edward was completed.

614:, had instigated the murder. One reason for these rumours was the fact that the queen had given birth to her own first son the month Louis died. However, both Philip and his surviving full brother 431:

early modern state. Internationally, Philip's ambitions made him highly influential in European affairs, and for much of his reign he sought to place his relatives on foreign thrones. Princes from

1191:

After bringing the Flemish War to a victorious conclusion in 1305, Philip on 8 June 1306 ordered the silver content of new coinage to be raised back to its 1285 level of 3.96 grams of silver per

707:

idealized him, praising him for his piety and support of the Church. His reign marks the transition to a more centralized administration, characterized by the emergence or consolidation of the

478:, after which he received a significant portion of Flemish cities, which were added to the crown lands along with a vast sum of money. Domestically, his reign was marked by struggles with the 1344:, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the 5730: 2657:, never by name but as the "mal di Francia" (plague of France). It is possible that Dante hides further the person of the king behind 7 figures: Cerbero, Pluto, Filippo Argenti ( 1446: 541:. Their rapid successive deaths without surviving sons of their own would compromise the future of the French royal house, which had until then seemed secure, precipitating 5740: 5700: 1163:

depreciation provided the crown with 1.419 million LP from November 1296 to Christmas 1299, more than enough to cover war costs of 1.066 million LP in the same period.

2636:

All three of Philip's sons who reached adulthood became kings of France and Navarre, and Isabella, his only surviving daughter, was the queen of England as consort to

5695: 869: 2684:, whose seventh head, like the Giant, is also killed. Such a scheme is related to the transposition of the Revelation in the history, according to the ideas of 603:

father was finally crowned king at Rheims on 15 August 1271. Six days later, he married again; Philip's stepmother was Marie, daughter of the duke of Brabant.

5118: 4463: 640:, which ended in October 1285, Philip may have negotiated an agreement with Peter for the safe withdrawal of the Crusader army. This pact is attested to by 4243: 1206:

When Philip levied taxes on the French clergy of one half their annual income, he caused an uproar within the Catholic Church and the papacy, prompting

872:

were inconclusive. Instead, the larger consequences were from the taxation undertaken to pay for them and in the alliances used. France initiated the

5685: 5680: 4136: 3885: 1439: 931:

Philip suffered a major setback when an army of 2,500 noble men-at-arms (knights and squires) and 4,000 infantry he sent to suppress an uprising in

4487: 2936: 919:

on 25 January 1308. Meant to further seal a lasting peace, it eventually produced an English claimant to the French throne itself, leading to the

1313: 3792: 3529: 5675: 5670: 4120: 4081: 4011: 3982: 3963: 3893: 3858: 3839: 3720: 3495: 3405: 3108: 1394: 1203:

offer of 12 years of guaranteed residence, free from government interference. In 1322, the Jews were expelled again by the King's successor.

1167:

purchasing power of their money. The result was social unrest. By 22 August 1303 this practice led to a two-thirds loss in the value of the

2629: 841: 755: 5203: 1183:

circulation, in a context where the inflation of silver produced a severe scarcity of currency due to the ongoing commercial revolution.

5193: 5021: 3583:

Stemler, Contingent zur Geschichte der Templer, pp. 20–21. Raynouard, pp. 213–214, 233–235. Wilcke, II. 236, 240. Anton, Versuch, p. 142

1432: 574: 326: 5150: 463: 5735: 881: 58: 5183: 3746: 777: 611: 598:

In August 1270, when Philip was two years old, his grandfather died while on Crusade, his father became king, and his elder brother

393: 844:, and, in the event of the negotiations being successful, Edmund was to escort Margaret back to England for her wedding to Edward. 610:

died, and the eight-year-old Philip became heir apparent. It was suspected that Louis had been poisoned, and that his stepmother,

5715: 5111: 4456: 2384: 91: 1198:

Perhaps seeking to control the silver of the Jewish mints to put the revaluation to effect, Philip ordered the expulsion of the

865: 607: 599: 5705: 5690: 5054: 3525:"A Heresy of State: Philip the Fair, the Trial of the 'Perfidious Templar's', and the Pontificalization of the French Monarchy" 1336:) when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, Jacques de Molay, Templar Grand Master, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, 542: 5228: 5155: 380:, his rigid, autocratic, imposing, and inflexible personality gained him (from friend and foe alike) other nicknames, such as 5218: 4482: 2553: 2179: 1059: 759: 5145: 944: 475: 1015:

in Baghdad. Arghun was seeking to join forces between the Mongols and the Europeans, against their common enemy the Muslim

790: 5546: 4298: 1420: 1401:(wife of Charles IV) were accused of adultery, and their alleged lovers (Phillipe d'Aunay and Gauthier d'Aunay) tortured, 1370: 1063: 71: 3992:

Grummitt, David & Lassalmonie, Jean-François (2015). "Royal public finance (c. 1290–1523)". In Christopher Fletcher;

864:

was the inevitable result of the competitive expansionist monarchies, but the direct campaigns between the two countries

5655: 5178: 2597: 988: 291: 5725: 5104: 4449: 978: 3129: 4056:

Jostkleigrewe, Georg (2018). Pleszczynski, Andrzej; Sobiesiak, Joanna; Tomaszek, Michal; Tyszka, Przemyslaw (eds.).

5720: 5627: 5127: 4223: 4073: 2400: 2231: 2127: 2008: 1931: 1888: 1863: 1677: 1501: 960: 936: 893: 716: 471: 281: 1289:

Recent studies emphasize the political and religious motivations of Philip the Fair and his ministers (especially

829:

In 1293, following feuding between English and French sailors that led to several seized ships and the sacking of

748: 30:

For the Habsburg ruler of the Netherlands and Castile sometimes similarly called Philip the Fair (1478–1506), see

4262: 3762: 2754: 848:

bargain based partially on the difference in age between Edward and Margaret; it was agreed that the province of

495: 5635: 5371: 5028: 2342: 2161: 2136: 1947: 1904: 1847: 1719: 1661: 1636: 1278: 1224: 900: 615: 276: 4217: 5710: 5631: 4497: 3956:

Dunkerque, ville et port de Flandre à la fin du Moyen âge: à travers les comptes de bailliage de 1358 à 1407

2797:

Bradbury states Philip fell from his horse, broke his leg which became infected, and died, 29 November 1314.

2561: 2537: 2497: 2473: 1068: 836:

Edward next attempted to use family connections to achieve what open politics had not. He sent his brother

592: 562: 526: 271: 187: 4047:

The Age of Reform, 1250–1550: An Intellectual and Religious History of Late Medieval and Reformation Europe

2468: 1084:

Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000

52: 5745: 5522: 5513: 5357: 5342: 5261: 5198: 4864: 4492: 4280: 4237: 3997: 2760: 2677: 2628:" ("in the monastery of the Sisters of Pyssiaco") in August 1308. Betrothed in October 1306 (aged ten) to 1341: 1004: 972: 487: 5378: 5337: 5332: 5256: 5238: 5208: 5188: 4854: 4267: 3904: 2886: 2605: 2591: 2335: 2206: 1047: 665: 412: 2942: 2932: 2456: 1245:. The pope escaped but died soon afterward. The French archbishop Bertrand de Goth was elected pope as 920: 622: 584: 546: 423:

by wars and restricted their feudal privileges, paving the way for the transformation of France from a

3907:(1987). "The Prince is Father of the King: The Character and Childhood of Philip the Fair of France". 3592:"An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy", "Superstition and Force", "Studies in Church History"; 2889:(1987). "The Prince is Father of the King: The Character and Childhood of Philip the Fair of France". 2213: 5665: 5660: 5600: 5407: 5347: 5309: 5233: 5173: 4889: 4884: 4849: 4815: 4790: 4780: 4379: 2673: 2672:

killed by the "515". These representations are centered around Capaneo, referring to the myth of the

2637: 2587: 2577: 2565: 1981: 1922: 1494: 1458: 1407: 1290: 1238: 1020: 908: 657: 570: 538: 518: 408: 316: 211: 107: 3804: 5605: 5566: 5556: 5503: 5444: 5425: 5223: 5039: 5015: 4918: 4894: 4874: 4844: 4834: 4775: 4770: 4750: 4681: 4676: 4632: 4508: 3993: 2485: 2393: 1999: 1398: 1325: 1031: 877: 795: 637: 451: 31: 5561: 5551: 5473: 5468: 5384: 5314: 5304: 5266: 5248: 5131: 5065: 4975: 4938: 4905: 4879: 4810: 4785: 4765: 4760: 4716: 4706: 4701: 4424: 4315: 4153: 4112: 3924: 3554: 3546: 2906: 2817: 2745: 2726: 2722: 2681: 2653: 2583: 2571: 2154: 1965: 1881: 1345: 1207: 904: 889: 885: 690: 681: 578: 534: 499: 467: 459: 440: 436: 370: 286: 35: 5449: 5324: 5165: 3550: 2717:. The next six entries in the series follow the descendants of Philip, including both his sons 510:. Pope Boniface was captured and held hostage for a number of days. This eventually led to the 5585: 5537: 5527: 5365: 5294: 5271: 5213: 4839: 4800: 4755: 4726: 4721: 4711: 4433: 4406: 4396: 4165: 4116: 4077: 4007: 3978: 3959: 3932: 3889: 3854: 3835: 3742: 3716: 3710: 3491: 3401: 3104: 2914: 2718: 2542: 2521: 2501: 2489: 2224: 1840: 1629: 1337: 1035: 837: 811: 799: 653: 633: 530: 416: 358: 255: 224: 171: 161: 151: 117: 1237:(1302), a declaration of papal supremacy. Philip gained victory, after having sent his agent 1149:

Donation made by the King of France, Philip IV the Fair, to the chaplains and wardens of the

5590: 5576: 5459: 5299: 5048: 5001: 4929: 4805: 4671: 4307: 4145: 3916: 3538: 2898: 2749: 2710: 2701: 2685: 2120: 1350: 1321: 1109: 1000: 992: 916: 432: 3947:

Monnaie, fiscalité et finances au temps de Philippe Le Bel: journée d'études du 14 mai 2004

3608:

Vol. 3, Henry Charles Lea, Ch. 326, "Political Heresy – The State", p. 2. Not in copyright

5402: 4825: 4691: 4666: 4650: 4420: 4276: 3393: 3348: 3133: 2730: 2648: 1412: 1382: 1274: 1215: 1150: 1086: 857:

in order to declare Edward's fiefs entirely forfeit, initiating hostilities with England.

819: 703: 483: 389: 362: 342: 124: 97: 4032: 2738: 17: 4023:

Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France: The Development of War Financing, 1322–1359

5281: 4736: 4597: 4386: 4350: 4065: 4045: 3096: 2461: 1454: 1328:, Preceptor of Normandy, burned at the stake. An account of the event goes as follows: 1250: 1134: 1117: 1043: 708: 677: 645: 566: 558: 511: 507: 428: 350: 306: 66: 1988: 5649: 5610: 5394: 4696: 4622: 4587: 4552: 4311: 4252: 4232: 4216: 3558: 2714: 2493: 1358: 984: 873: 661: 491: 4257: 3542: 1265: 1257:, an enclave surrounded by French territories, and was subjected to French control. 1027: 5595: 5074: 4617: 4607: 4602: 4582: 4577: 4522: 4333: 3877: 3741:(in Italian) (1st ed.). Borgomanero, Novara, Italy: Giuliano Ladolfi Editore. 1233: 996: 823: 803: 802:, Edward was a vassal to the French king. Illumination made in the 15th century by 1304: 963:, whose two daughters, to secure her fidelity, were married to Philip's two sons. 4236: 4192:

Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era

4102: 4001: 5615: 5498: 5010: 4990: 4686: 4660: 4612: 4567: 4557: 4542: 4532: 3800: 3596:, Vol III, by Henry Charles Lea, NY: Hamper & Bros, Franklin Sq. 1888 p. 324 2765: 2613: 830: 737: 354: 130: 470:, who had rebelled against French royal authority and humiliated Philip at the 5478: 4964: 4943: 4745: 4655: 4637: 4562: 4547: 4527: 2734: 1282: 1211: 1159: 956: 861: 447: 4247:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 381–382. 3936: 3928: 2918: 2910: 1038:. In 1313, Philip "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the 5493: 5483: 4958: 4948: 4869: 4592: 4572: 2833: 2831: 2620:" as youngest of the four sons of Philip IV of France, adding that he died " 2512: 1298: 1246: 1012: 712: 424: 4058:

Imagined Communities: Constructing Collective Identities in Medieval Europe

3920: 3124: 2902: 1365:

After a little over a month, Pope Clement V died of disease thought to be

5488: 4984: 4953: 4859: 4641: 4517: 4173: 4132:

Les Lettres de 1289 et 1305 des ilkhan Arγun et Ölǰeitü à Philippe le Bel

1378: 1374: 1129: 1124: 940: 932: 892:

against France; the decimation of a generation of French nobility at the

815: 685: 641: 522: 400: 1128:

to stack up in 1293. By 1295, Philip had replaced the Templars with the

680:

with France, beginning in 1284 under Philip and Joan, for 44 years. The

4537: 4108: 1254: 849: 762: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 626: 374: 301: 5096: 4319: 4157: 3770: 3101:

From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi

577:. His father was the heir apparent of France, being the eldest son of 5435: 5417: 4441: 3178: 3176: 2481: 1402: 1242: 1102: 1095: 1039: 1016: 1008: 588: 503: 420: 404: 4003:

Government and Political Life in England and France, c. 1300–c. 1500

987:

power in the Middle East, including reception at the embassy of the

517:

His final year saw a scandal amongst the royal family, known as the

506:

attacked in September 1303 by French forces with the support of the

4149: 3524: 2556:). Died in childhood, but betrothed in December 1291 (aged one) to 943:

on 11 July 1302. Philip reacted with energy two years later at the

4328: 2601: 2549: 2533: 2529: 2511: 2467: 2455: 1366: 1354: 1303: 1264: 1144: 1113: 1091: 1067: 952: 948: 789: 618:

lived well into adulthood and raised large families of their own.

583: 1253:(1309–76), during which the official seat of the papacy moved to 719:, a move, under a certain historical reading, towards modernity. 4256: 3945:

Contamine, Philippe; Kerhervé, Jean; Rigaudière, Albert (2007).

1199: 979:

Europeans in Medieval China § Diplomatic missions to Europe

670: 521:, in which King Philip's three daughters-in-law were accused of 479: 5100: 4445: 4284: 3949:. Comité pour l'histoire économique et financière de la France. 1281:

whose original role as protectors of Christian pilgrims in the

419:. The king, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his 34:. For the king of Spain also called Philip IV (1605–1665), see 3692: 3690: 731: 396:, said of him: "He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue." 3103:. Vol. 6. Leiden & Boston: Brill. pp. 385–386. 1423:(wife of Philip V), was accused of knowledge of the affairs. 826:

in 1291, however, the former allies started to show dissent.

1123:

The constant deficits led Philip to order the arrest of the

1064:

History of the Jews in France § The Great Exile of 1306

4292:

Schein, S. (1 October 1979). "Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300.

2837: 621:

The scholastic part of Philip's education was entrusted to

3646: 3644: 3616: 3614: 3631: 3629: 1332:

The cardinals dallied with their duty until March 1314, (

3433: 3431: 3429: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2954: 2952: 2492:), and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at 959:, first of the Flemish cities to yield, was granted to 439:, and he tried and failed to make another relative the 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3469: 3467: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 896:

forced Philip to abandon his occupation of Aquitaine.

561:, Philip was born in 1268 in the medieval fortress of 486:. In heavy debt to both groups, Philip saw them as a " 399:

Philip, seeking to reduce the wealth and power of the

373:. Although Philip was known to be handsome, hence the 446:

The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include

407:, relied instead on skillful civil servants, such as 4227:. Vol. XVIII (9th ed.). 1885. p. 743. 1269:

Templars burned at the stake. Painting made in 1480.

1046:'s call. He was, however, warned against leaving by 5575: 5536: 5512: 5458: 5434: 5416: 5393: 5356: 5323: 5280: 5247: 5164: 5138: 5064: 5038: 5000: 4974: 4928: 4903: 4824: 4735: 4631: 4507: 4104:

The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307–1314)

3221: 3182: 2786:

Ce n'est ni un homme ni une bête. C'est une statue.

502:. The ensuing conflict saw the pope's residence at 322: 312: 300: 254: 218: 204: 194: 181: 177: 167: 157: 147: 139: 123: 113: 103: 90: 79: 65: 45: 4271:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4044: 4031: 1405:and executed in what has come to be known as the 4134:by Antoine Mostaert, Francis Woodman Cleaves". 3975:Courting Sanctity: Holy Women and the Capetians 3594:A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages 1330: 1112:in 1289 granted Philip permission to collect a 474:in 1302. The war with the Flemish resulted in 5112: 4457: 4006:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–. 3023: 2748:and Philip himself attended the execution of 2624:" ("in the flower of youth") and was buried " 1440: 337:(April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called 8: 5731:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church 4034:The Age of Adversity: The Fourteenth Century 1393:In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, 4095:. Vol. 29. Cambridge University Press. 3832:Fight, Flight, Fraud: The Story of Taxation 1324:, the last Grand Master of the Temple, and 1050:and died soon after in a hunting accident. 955:, and Bethune, sites of major cloth fairs. 5119: 5105: 5097: 4464: 4450: 4442: 4341: 4337:(in French), vol. 289, pp. 14–17 4281:"The Great Depression of the 14th Century" 3349:"The Great Depression of the 14th Century" 3126:The Monks of Kublal Khan, Emperor of China 3071: 2824:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). p. 125. 1447: 1433: 1425: 903:, the marriage of Philip's young daughter 818:was a vassal to Philip and had to pay him 51: 42: 5741:People of the War of the Sicilian Vespers 5701:Deaths by horse-riding accident in France 3715:. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 233. 3510: 3046: 3044: 2838:Contamine, Kerhervé & Rigaudière 2007 1231:Boniface retaliated with the famous bull 778:Learn how and when to remove this message 4137:Journal of the American Oriental Society 3958:(in French). Presses Univ. Septentrion. 3696: 3650: 3635: 3620: 2861: 2520:The children of Philip IV of France and 1273:Philip was substantially in debt to the 3882:The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328 3238: 3011: 2994: 2970: 2958: 2849: 2809: 2777: 1075:(7,04 g) during Philip the Fair's reign 5696:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis 4329:"Philippe le Bel, pape en son royaume" 3870:Political Thought in Europe, 1250–1450 3681: 3662: 3571: 3530:Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures 3473: 3437: 3145: 3083: 3035: 2982: 1030:sent letters to Philip, the Pope, and 240: 3458: 3420: 3380: 3347:Rothbard, Murray (23 November 2009). 3334: 3311: 3299: 3282: 3257: 3209: 3059: 2873: 2820:(2011). Kimball G. Everingham (ed.). 2664:), Capaneo, Gerione, Nembrot, in the 2392: 2390: 2383: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2308: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2223: 2221: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2153: 2151: 2119: 2095: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2031: 1998: 1996: 1980: 1964: 1962: 1921: 1919: 1880: 1878: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1653: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1578: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 983:Philip had various contacts with the 899:Pursuant to the terms of the interim 880:, underwriting much of the prolonged 798:(kneeling) to Philip IV (seated). As 7: 5085:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 2586:(c. 1295 – 23 August 1358). Married 1026:In April 1305, the new Mongol ruler 1003:. Bar Sauma presented an offer of a 760:adding citations to reliable sources 606:In May 1276, Philip's elder brother 498:, leading to a violent dispute with 244: 4183:Isabella of France, The Rebel Queen 2536:). Died in childhood, betrothed to 967:Crusades and diplomacy with Mongols 525:. His three sons were successively 4238:"Philip IV., king of France" 3488:The Knights Templar: a New History 3157:Mostaert & Cleaves, pp. 56–57. 2500:. Philip was succeeded by his son 1261:Suppression of the Knights Templar 1251:Babylonian Captivity of the papacy 882:First Scottish War of Independence 545:that would eventually lead to the 25: 3769:(in French). 2005. Archived from 3490:. Sutton Pub. pp. 164, 181. 2737:adaptation of the series, and by 2691:Philip is the title character in 2626:in monasterio sororum de Pyssiaco 1334:exact day is disputed by scholars 3739:L'Estetica Dantesca del Dualismo 2399: 2341: 2230: 2212: 2160: 2135: 2126: 2007: 1987: 1946: 1930: 1903: 1887: 1862: 1846: 1676: 1660: 1635: 1500: 1137:to the Louvre around this time. 736: 27:King of France from 1285 to 1314 5686:14th-century Navarrese monarchs 5681:13th-century Navarrese monarchs 4170:A Global Chronology of Conflict 3551:10.5325/jmedirelicult.39.2.0117 3543:10.5325/jmedirelicult.39.2.0117 3222:Grummitt & Lassalmonie 2015 3183:Grummitt & Lassalmonie 2015 2764:(2017), Philip is portrayed by 2409: 2351: 2240: 2170: 2145: 2017: 1956: 1940: 1913: 1897: 1872: 1856: 1686: 1670: 1645: 1510: 747:needs additional citations for 236: 4312:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXIII.805 4093:Debating the Hundred Years War 3853:. Cambridge University Press. 2545:(4 October 1289 – 5 June 1316) 1060:Coinage of Philip IV of France 884:. Meanwhile, England assisted 369:from 1284 to 1305, as well as 1: 4299:The English Historical Review 4201:The Queens Regnant of Navarre 4025:. Princeton University Press. 3954:Curveiller, Stephane (1989). 3872:. Cambridge University Press. 1970: 1421:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy 1371:Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor 1249:and thus began the so-called 664:, which were adjacent to the 143:16 August 1284 – 4 April 1305 5676:14th-century kings of France 5671:13th-century kings of France 4218:"Philip IV. of France" 4070:The Reign of Philip the Fair 4021:Henneman, John Bell (2015). 3977:. Cornell University Press. 3737:Lombardi, Giancarlo (2022). 3606:A History of the Inquisition 2564:. Blanche was buried in the 2558:Infante Ferdinand of Castile 2538:Infante Ferdinand of Castile 2516:Relatives console Philip IV. 1419:). A third daughter-in-law, 460:duchy in southwestern France 4091:Taylor, Craig, ed. (2006). 4038:. Cornell University Press. 2758:. In the television series 2347:Charles II, King of Navarre 2218:Edward III, King of England 1417:Affaire de la tour de Nesle 5762: 4294:The genesis of a non-event 4074:Princeton University Press 4030:Lerner, Robert E. (1968). 2651:often refers to Philip in 2574:(c. 1291 – 3 January 1322) 1993:Edward II, King of England 1952:Charles I, King of Navarre 1936:Charles IV, King of France 1909:Philip II, King of Navarre 1506:Philip III, King of France 1320:In March 1314, Philip had 1310:Recueil des rois de France 1057: 976: 970: 961:Mahaut, Countess of Artois 937:Battle of the Golden Spurs 894:Battle of the Golden Spurs 591:of Philip the Fair in the 472:Battle of the Golden Spurs 287:Isabella, Queen of England 282:Charles IV, King of France 261: 198:29 November 1314 (aged 46) 29: 5736:People from Fontainebleau 5624: 5083: 4477: 4418: 4403: 4393: 4384: 4376: 4371: 4344: 4130:Street, John C. (1963). " 3851:The Trial of the Templars 3834:. Euro-Dutch Publishers. 3797:: Casting de la saison 1" 3486:Nicholson, Helen (2004). 3050:Les Rois de France, p. 50 2676:, and are related to the 2622:in flore adolescentiæ suæ 2472:Tomb of Philip IV in the 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2405:Charles V, King of France 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2262: 2260: 2166:Joan II, Queen of Navarre 2113: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2093: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2055: 2053: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2013:Philip VI, King of France 1978: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1791: 1789: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1747: 1682:Philip IV, King of France 1666:Philip I, King of Navarre 1651: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1340:, Visitor of France, and 1101:After 1289, a decline in 496:Catholic Church in France 476:Philip's ultimate victory 355:By virtue of his marriage 50: 18:Philip IV, King of France 4199:Woodacre, Elena (2013). 4181:Warner, Kathryn (2016). 4051:. Yale University Press. 3849:Barber, Malcolm (2012). 3709:Dante Alighieri (2003). 3400:. Phoenix. p. 255. 3132:29 February 2016 at the 3123:Sir E. A. Wallis Budge, 2741:in the 2005 adaptation. 2580:(1294 – 1 February 1328) 1893:Philip V, King of France 1852:Louis I, King of Navarre 1641:Joan I, Queen of Navarre 1308:Philip IV the Fair from 945:Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle 901:1299 Treaty of Montreuil 277:Philip V, King of France 5716:Hunting accident deaths 4498:List of French monarchs 4244:Encyclopædia Britannica 4224:Encyclopædia Britannica 4190:Wolfe, Michael (2009). 4043:Ozment, Steven (1980). 3973:Field, Sean L. (2019). 3830:Adams, Charles (1982). 2562:Ferdinand IV of Castile 2552:– after 13 April 1294, 2498:Basilica of Saint-Denis 2474:Basilica of Saint-Denis 2236:John II, King of France 2141:John I, King of Navarre 1868:Louis X, King of France 1153:in Paris. February 1286 723:Foreign policy and wars 632:After the unsuccessful 593:Basilica of Saint-Denis 388:). His fierce opponent 272:Louis X, King of France 188:Palace of Fontainebleau 5706:French Roman Catholics 5691:Antisemitism in France 5004:(1814–1815; 1815–1830) 4493:List of Frankish kings 4488:Simplified family tree 4327:Théry, Julien (2004), 3868:Black, Antony (1982). 3803:. 2005. Archived from 3523:Théry, Julien (2013). 3168:Histoire des Croisades 2755:Assassin's Creed Unity 2729:. He was portrayed by 2709:), a series of French 2695:(1955), translated as 2682:Revelation of St. John 2590:and was the mother of 2517: 2496:. He is buried in the 2480:Philip had a cerebral 2477: 2465: 2132:John I, King of France 1416: 1397:(wife of Louis X) and 1373:, and the ruin of the 1363: 1342:Godefroi de Gonneville 1317: 1270: 1241:to arrest Boniface at 1154: 1108:To cover the deficit, 1076: 1005:Franco-Mongol alliance 995:, originally from the 973:Franco-Mongol alliance 807: 595: 573:, and his first wife, 488:state within the state 450:with the English over 385: 346: 4268:Catholic Encyclopedia 4203:. Palgrave Macmillan. 4194:. Palgrave Macmillan. 4060:. Vol. 8. Brill. 3921:10.1484/J.MS.2.306887 2903:10.1484/J.MS.2.306887 2699:, the first novel in 2668:and the Giant in the 2606:Saint Germain-en-Laye 2592:Edward III of England 2515: 2471: 2459: 1307: 1268: 1148: 1071: 1048:Enguerrand de Marigny 1042:, thus responding to 977:Further information: 793: 652:Philip married Queen 587: 413:Enguerrand de Marigny 200:Fontainebleau, France 4483:Detailed family tree 4346:Philip IV of France 4287:on 27 November 2009. 4279:(12 November 2009). 3353:Mises Daily Articles 2822:Plantagenet Ancestry 2674:Seven against Thebes 2588:Edward II of England 2566:Basilica of St Denis 2185:Countess of Burgundy 2000:Philip the Fortunate 1982:Edward of Caernarfon 1841:Louis the Quarreller 1459:Tour de Nesle affair 1408:Tour de Nesle affair 1395:Margaret of Burgundy 1389:Tour de Nesle affair 1291:Guillaume de Nogaret 1239:Guillaume de Nogaret 1054:Finance and religion 1021:Gobert de Helleville 935:was defeated in the 756:improve this article 676:Navarre remained in 673:for France in 1312. 571:Philip III, the Bold 519:Tour de Nesle affair 409:Guillaume de Nogaret 317:Philip III of France 243:; died 212:Saint Denis Basilica 5656:Philip IV of France 5636:King/Queen of Spain 5514:House of Trastámara 5358:House of Trastámara 4919:Henry VI of England 4263:Herbermann, Charles 3994:Jean-Philippe Genet 3886:Hambledon Continuum 3807:on 19 December 2014 3763:"Official website: 3224:, pp. 127–128. 3148:, pp. 265–268. 2945:on 17 November 2006 2818:Richardson, Douglas 2746:Philip IV of France 2733:in the 1972 French 2630:Constance of Sicily 2528:Margaret (c. 1288, 2486:Pont-Sainte-Maxence 2121:John the Posthumous 1399:Blanche of Burgundy 1326:Geoffroi de Charney 1090:, equivalent to 46 1032:Edward I of England 876:between itself and 728:War against England 638:Peter III of Aragon 543:a succession crisis 353:from 1285 to 1314. 185:8 April – June 1268 57:Detail from a 1315 32:Philip the Handsome 5726:Navarrese monarchs 5249:House of Champagne 5204:García Sánchez III 5066:House of Bonaparte 4976:House of Bonaparte 4906:House of Lancaster 4472:Monarchs of France 4425:Count of Champagne 4166:Tucker, Spencer C. 4115:. pp. 57–68. 3767:(2005 miniseries)" 3712:The Portable Dante 3699:, p. Chart I. 3024:Jostkleigrewe 2018 2933:Guillaume d'Ercuis 2727:Isabella of France 2707:The Accursed Kings 2678:Beast from the Sea 2654:La Divina Commedia 2610:Flores historiarum 2518: 2478: 2466: 1966:Isabella of France 1461:succession crisis 1346:Archbishop of Sens 1318: 1271: 1208:Pope Boniface VIII 1155: 1077: 921:Hundred Years' War 915:was celebrated at 808: 691:Joan II of Navarre 682:Kingdom of Navarre 623:Guillaume d'Ercuis 596: 575:Isabella of Aragon 547:Hundred Years' War 500:Pope Boniface VIII 492:state control over 468:County of Flanders 441:Holy Roman Emperor 371:Count of Champagne 327:Isabella of Aragon 36:Philip IV of Spain 5721:Jure uxoris kings 5643: 5642: 5538:House of Habsburg 5194:García Sánchez II 5094: 5093: 5055:Louis Philippe II 4978:(1804–1814; 1815) 4440: 4439: 4429:1284–1305 4416: 4394:Succeeded by 4258:"Philip IV" 4122:978-0-7546-6570-0 4083:978-0-691-10089-0 4013:978-1-107-08990-7 3984:978-1-50173-619-3 3965:978-2-85939-361-8 3909:Mediaeval Studies 3895:978-1-85285-528-4 3860:978-0-521-45727-9 3841:978-0-686-39619-2 3773:on 15 August 2009 3722:978-1-101-57382-2 3497:978-0-7509-3839-6 3407:978-1-84212-142-9 3355:. Mises Institute 3110:978-90-04-28126-4 2973:, pp. 10–11. 2891:Mediaeval Studies 2725:and his daughter 2711:historical novels 2522:Joan I of Navarre 2490:Forest of Halatte 2484:during a hunt at 2449: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2207:Edward of Windsor 1720:Charles of Valois 1080:Mounting deficits 1036:Council of Vienne 927:War with Flanders 838:Edmund Crouchback 812:Duke of Aquitaine 800:Duke of Aquitaine 788: 787: 780: 717:Court of Auditors 654:Joan I of Navarre 634:Aragonese Crusade 514:of 1309 to 1376. 394:bishop of Pamiers 359:Joan I of Navarre 332: 331: 225:Joan I of Navarre 83:5 October 1285 – 16:(Redirected from 5753: 5577:House of Bourbon 5460:House of Bourbon 5184:García Sánchez I 5166:House of Jiménez 5139:House of Íñiguez 5121: 5114: 5107: 5098: 5049:Louis Philippe I 5040:House of Orléans 5002:House of Bourbon 4930:House of Bourbon 4466: 4459: 4452: 4443: 4410: 4404:Preceded by 4377:Preceded by 4367: 4366:29 November 1314 4360: 4342: 4338: 4323: 4306:(373): 805–819. 4288: 4283:. Archived from 4272: 4260: 4248: 4240: 4228: 4220: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4161: 4126: 4096: 4087: 4061: 4052: 4050: 4039: 4037: 4026: 4017: 3988: 3969: 3950: 3940: 3899: 3873: 3864: 3845: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3795:Les Rois maudits 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3765:Les Rois maudits 3759: 3753: 3752: 3734: 3728: 3726: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3685: 3679: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3639: 3633: 3624: 3618: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3462: 3456: 3441: 3435: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3286: 3280: 3261: 3255: 3242: 3236: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3186: 3180: 3171: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 2998: 2997:, pp. 9–10. 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2947: 2946: 2941:, archived from 2929: 2923: 2922: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2864:, p. xviii. 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2826: 2825: 2814: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2782: 2750:Jacques de Molay 2702:Les Rois maudits 2686:Joachim of Fiore 2614:Bernard Guidonis 2413: 2412: 1364–1380 2411: 2403: 2394:Charles the Wise 2355: 2354: 1349–1387 2353: 2345: 2244: 2243: 1350–1364 2242: 2234: 2216: 2174: 2173: 1328–1349 2172: 2164: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2130: 2021: 2020: 1328–1350 2019: 2011: 2002:Philip of Valois 1991: 1975: 1972: 1960: 1959: 1322–1328 1958: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1322–1328 1942: 1934: 1925:Charles the Bald 1923:Charles the Fair 1917: 1916: 1316–1322 1915: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1316–1322 1899: 1891: 1876: 1875: 1314–1316 1874: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1305–1316 1858: 1850: 1690: 1689: 1285–1314 1688: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1284–1305 1672: 1664: 1649: 1648: 1274–1305 1647: 1639: 1514: 1513: 1270–1285 1512: 1504: 1467: 1466: 1457:during the 1314 1449: 1442: 1435: 1426: 1338:Hugues de Peraud 1322:Jacques de Molay 1175:in circulation. 1110:Pope Nicholas IV 993:Rabban Bar Sauma 912: 907:to Edward's son 822:. Following the 783: 776: 772: 769: 763: 740: 732: 612:Marie of Brabant 569:) to the future 557:A member of the 455: 265: 248: 246: 242: 238: 96:6 January 1286, 86: 85:29 November 1314 55: 43: 21: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5620: 5579:- Upper Navarre 5571: 5540:- Upper Navarre 5532: 5516:- Upper Navarre 5508: 5462:- Lower Navarre 5454: 5438:- Lower Navarre 5436:House of Albret 5430: 5418:House of Albret 5412: 5403:Francis Phoebus 5389: 5352: 5325:House of Évreux 5319: 5276: 5243: 5160: 5134: 5125: 5095: 5090: 5079: 5060: 5034: 4996: 4970: 4924: 4899: 4826:House of Valois 4820: 4731: 4692:Charles the Fat 4651:Pepin the Short 4636: 4627: 4503: 4502: 4473: 4470: 4430: 4428: 4423: 4421:King of Navarre 4409: 4399: 4390: 4382: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4347: 4326: 4291: 4275: 4251: 4231: 4215: 4212: 4210:Further reading 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4172:. Vol. 1. 4164: 4140:(book review). 4129: 4123: 4099: 4090: 4084: 4066:Strayer, Joseph 4064: 4055: 4042: 4029: 4020: 4014: 3991: 3985: 3972: 3966: 3953: 3944: 3903: 3896: 3876: 3867: 3861: 3848: 3842: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3642: 3634: 3627: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3444: 3436: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3333: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3289: 3281: 3264: 3256: 3245: 3237: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3189: 3181: 3174: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3134:Wayback Machine 3122: 3118: 3111: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3072:Curveiller 1989 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2950: 2938:Livre de raison 2931: 2930: 2926: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2852:, p. xiii. 2848: 2844: 2836: 2829: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2731:Georges Marchal 2649:Dante Alighieri 2646: 2604:– August 1308, 2548:Blanche (1290, 2510: 2454: 2408: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2350: 2349: 2340: 2338: 2336:Charles the Bad 2239: 2238: 2229: 2227: 2211: 2209: 2184: 2182: 2169: 2168: 2159: 2157: 2155:Joan of Navarre 2144: 2143: 2134: 2125: 2123: 2016: 2015: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1986: 1984: 1973: 1968: 1955: 1954: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1912: 1911: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1886: 1884: 1882:Philip the Tall 1871: 1870: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1845: 1843: 1722: 1685: 1684: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1659: 1657: 1655:Philip the Fair 1644: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1630:Joan of Navarre 1509: 1508: 1499: 1497: 1495:Philip the Bold 1453: 1391: 1383:House of Valois 1351:Prevot of Paris 1275:Knights Templar 1263: 1225:Estates General 1216:Clericis Laicos 1189: 1151:Sainte-Chapelle 1143: 1116:of 152,000 LP ( 1087:livres tournois 1082: 1066: 1056: 981: 975: 969: 929: 910: 814:, English King 794:Homage of King 784: 773: 767: 764: 753: 741: 730: 725: 699: 625:, his father's 555: 527:kings of France 484:Knights Templar 453: 390:Bernard Saisset 363:King of Navarre 347:Philippe le Bel 339:Philip the Fair 296: 259: 258: 250: 234: 230: 227: 214: 209: 208:3 December 1314 199: 186: 135: 125:King of Navarre 98:Reims Cathedral 84: 75: 61: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5711:House of Capet 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5648: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5632:King of France 5628:King of Aragon 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5582: 5580: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5463: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5441: 5439: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5282:House of Capet 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5253: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5229:García Ramírez 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5151:García Íñiguez 5148: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5116: 5109: 5101: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5071: 5069: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5051: 5045: 5043: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5007: 5005: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4935: 4933: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4914: 4912: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4737:House of Capet 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4598:Childebert III 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4461: 4454: 4446: 4438: 4437: 4417: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4392: 4387:King of France 4383: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4372:Regnal titles 4369: 4368: 4351:House of Capet 4348: 4345: 4340: 4339: 4324: 4289: 4273: 4249: 4235:, ed. (1911). 4233:Chisholm, Hugh 4229: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4162: 4150:10.2307/598384 4144:(2): 265–268. 4127: 4121: 4097: 4088: 4082: 4062: 4053: 4040: 4027: 4018: 4012: 3989: 3983: 3970: 3964: 3951: 3901: 3900: 3894: 3874: 3865: 3859: 3846: 3840: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3784: 3754: 3747: 3729: 3721: 3701: 3686: 3667: 3665:, p. 141. 3655: 3653:, p. 276. 3640: 3625: 3623:, p. 275. 3610: 3598: 3585: 3576: 3564: 3537:(2): 117–148. 3515: 3513:, p. 226. 3511:Nicholson 2004 3503: 3496: 3478: 3463: 3442: 3440:, p. 145. 3425: 3413: 3406: 3385: 3366: 3339: 3316: 3304: 3287: 3262: 3243: 3226: 3214: 3187: 3185:, p. 120. 3172: 3166:Jean Richard, 3159: 3150: 3138: 3116: 3109: 3088: 3086:, p. 295. 3076: 3064: 3052: 3040: 3028: 3016: 2999: 2987: 2975: 2963: 2948: 2924: 2878: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2840:, p. 142. 2827: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2790: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2645: 2642: 2634: 2633: 2595: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2546: 2540: 2509: 2506: 2462:lying in state 2460:Philip's body 2453: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2391: 2389: 2385:Joan of Valois 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2222: 2220: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2177: 2175: 2152: 2150: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 1997: 1995: 1979: 1977: 1963: 1961: 1920: 1918: 1879: 1877: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1652: 1650: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1463: 1462: 1455:House of Capet 1452: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1429: 1390: 1387: 1314:Jean du Tillet 1279:military order 1262: 1259: 1188: 1185: 1142: 1139: 1118:livres parisis 1081: 1078: 1055: 1052: 1044:Pope Clement V 1011:of the Mongol 971:Main article: 968: 965: 928: 925: 860:The 1294–1303 786: 785: 744: 742: 735: 729: 726: 724: 721: 709:King's Council 698: 695: 678:personal union 646:Joseph Strayer 567:Seine-et-Marne 559:House of Capet 554: 551: 512:Avignon Papacy 508:Colonna family 361:, he was also 351:King of France 330: 329: 324: 320: 319: 314: 310: 309: 304: 298: 297: 295: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 268: 266: 252: 251: 232: 228: 223: 222: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 183: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 127: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 94: 88: 87: 81: 77: 76: 69: 67:King of France 63: 62: 56: 48: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5758: 5747: 5746:Sons of kings 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5611:Ferdinand III 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5395:House of Foix 5392: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5179:Jimeno Garcés 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5156:Fortún Garcés 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5108: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4623:Childeric III 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4588:Theuderic III 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4553:Childebert II 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4467: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4448: 4447: 4444: 4436: 4435: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4414: 4413:as sole ruler 4408: 4402: 4398: 4397:Louis X and I 4389: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4343: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4219: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4072:. Princeton: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3897: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878:Bradbury, Jim 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3806: 3802: 3799:(in French). 3798: 3796: 3788: 3785: 3772: 3768: 3766: 3758: 3755: 3750: 3748:9788866446620 3744: 3740: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3697:Woodacre 2013 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3651:Bradbury 2007 3647: 3645: 3641: 3638:, p. 30. 3637: 3636:Henneman 2015 3632: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3621:Bradbury 2007 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3461:, p. 48. 3460: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3383:, p. 65. 3382: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3354: 3350: 3343: 3340: 3337:, p. 64. 3336: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3314:, p. 62. 3313: 3308: 3305: 3302:, p. 63. 3301: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3285:, p. 61. 3284: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3260:, p. 59. 3259: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3241:, p. 11. 3240: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3212:, p. 60. 3211: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3117: 3112: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3074:, p. 34. 3073: 3068: 3065: 3062:, p. 51. 3061: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3038:, p. 29. 3037: 3032: 3029: 3026:, p. 55. 3025: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2985:, p. 34. 2984: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2964: 2961:, p. 10. 2960: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2876:, p. 77. 2875: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2862:Woodacre 2013 2858: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2804: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2744:The court of 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2715:Maurice Druon 2712: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2697:The Iron King 2694: 2693:Le Roi de fer 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2494:Fontainebleau 2491: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2451: 2416: 2406: 2402: 2395: 2386: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2325: 2322: 2314: 2312: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2294: 2249: 2247: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2225:John the Good 2219: 2215: 2208: 2181: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2043: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2024: 2014: 2010: 2003: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1967: 1953: 1949: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1910: 1906: 1894: 1890: 1883: 1869: 1865: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1830: 1827: 1819: 1817: 1809: 1807: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1771: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1683: 1679: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1642: 1638: 1631: 1619: 1616: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1574: 1550: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1519: 1517: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1360: 1359:Ile des Juifs 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1277:, a monastic 1276: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1210:to issue the 1209: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1161: 1152: 1147: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 980: 974: 966: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 926: 924: 922: 918: 914: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874:Auld Alliance 871: 867: 863: 858: 854: 851: 845: 843: 839: 834: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 805: 801: 797: 792: 782: 779: 771: 761: 757: 751: 750: 745:This section 743: 739: 734: 733: 727: 722: 720: 718: 714: 710: 705: 696: 694: 692: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 667: 666:royal demesne 663: 659: 655: 650: 647: 644:chroniclers. 643: 639: 635: 630: 628: 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 604: 601: 594: 590: 586: 582: 580: 579:King Louis IX 576: 572: 568: 564: 563:Fontainebleau 560: 552: 550: 549:(1337–1453). 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 427:country to a 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 386:le Roi de fer 383: 382:the Iron King 379: 376: 372: 368: 367:Philip I 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 328: 325: 321: 318: 315: 311: 308: 305: 303: 299: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 267: 264: 263: 257: 253: 226: 221: 217: 213: 207: 203: 197: 193: 189: 184: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 133: 132: 126: 122: 119: 116: 112: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 93: 89: 82: 78: 73: 68: 64: 60: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 5596:Ferdinand II 5377: 5370: 5289: 5146:Íñigo Arista 5086: 5075:Napoleon III 5053: 5027: 5020: 4989: 4963: 4917: 4909: 4904: 4865:Charles VIII 4795: 4633:Carolingians 4618:Theuderic IV 4608:Chilperic II 4603:Dagobert III 4583:Childeric II 4578:Chlothar III 4523:Childebert I 4509:Merovingians 4432: 4419: 4412: 4411: 4385: 4363: 4356: 4349: 4332: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4285:the original 4277:Rothbard, M. 4266: 4242: 4222: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4169: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4103: 4092: 4069: 4057: 4046: 4033: 4022: 4002: 3974: 3955: 3946: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3881: 3869: 3850: 3831: 3809:. Retrieved 3805:the original 3794: 3787: 3775:. Retrieved 3771:the original 3764: 3757: 3738: 3732: 3711: 3704: 3684:, p. 8. 3658: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3588: 3579: 3574:, p. 1. 3567: 3534: 3528: 3518: 3506: 3487: 3481: 3476:, p. 5. 3423:, p. ?. 3416: 3398:The Templars 3397: 3388: 3357:. Retrieved 3352: 3342: 3307: 3239:Strayer 1980 3217: 3167: 3162: 3153: 3141: 3125: 3119: 3100: 3091: 3079: 3067: 3055: 3031: 3019: 3014:, p. 9. 3012:Strayer 1980 2995:Strayer 1980 2990: 2978: 2971:Strayer 1980 2966: 2959:Strayer 1980 2943:the original 2937: 2927: 2894: 2890: 2881: 2869: 2857: 2850:Strayer 1980 2845: 2821: 2812: 2793: 2785: 2780: 2759: 2753: 2743: 2739:Tchéky Karyo 2706: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2647: 2635: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2609: 2557: 2519: 2479: 2404: 2346: 2235: 2217: 2165: 2140: 2131: 2012: 1992: 1951: 1935: 1908: 1892: 1867: 1851: 1681: 1665: 1654: 1640: 1505: 1406: 1392: 1364: 1333: 1331: 1319: 1309: 1295: 1288: 1272: 1234:Unam Sanctam 1232: 1230: 1221: 1214: 1205: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1169:livres, sous 1168: 1165: 1156: 1135:Paris Temple 1122: 1107: 1100: 1085: 1083: 1072: 1025: 997:Yuan dynasty 982: 930: 898: 866:in Aquitaine 859: 855: 846: 835: 828: 824:Fall of Acre 809: 804:Jean Fouquet 774: 765: 754:Please help 749:verification 746: 700: 675: 651: 631: 620: 605: 597: 556: 516: 445: 415:, to govern 398: 381: 377: 366: 338: 334: 333: 260: 129: 40: 5666:1314 deaths 5661:1268 births 5606:Charles VII 5523:Ferdinand I 5343:Charles III 5262:Theobald II 5068:(1852–1870) 5042:(1830–1848) 5011:Louis XVIII 4991:Napoleon II 4932:(1589–1792) 4910:(1422–1453) 4855:Charles VII 4828:(1328–1589) 4702:Charles III 4687:Carloman II 4663:(Charles I) 4661:Charlemagne 4613:Chlothar IV 4568:Sigebert II 4558:Chlothar II 4543:Chilperic I 4533:Charibert I 4185:. Amberley. 3915:: 282–334. 3682:Warner 2016 3663:Taylor 2006 3572:Barber 2012 3474:Lerner 1968 3438:Ozment 1980 3146:Street 1963 3097:Rossabi, M. 3084:Tucker 2010 3036:Barber 2012 2983:Warner 2016 2897:: 282–334. 2766:Ed Stoppard 2662:de l'argent 2554:Saint Denis 2532:– d. 1300, 2397:(1338–1380) 2388:(1343–1373) 2339:(1332–1387) 2228:(1319–1364) 2210:(1312–1377) 2183:(1308–1347) 2158:(1312–1349) 2148: 1316 2005:(1293–1350) 1985:(1284–1327) 1974: 1295 1928:(1294–1328) 1885:(1293–1322) 1844:(1289–1316) 1723:(1270–1325) 1658:(1268–1314) 1633:(1273–1305) 1498:(1245–1285) 1187:Revaluation 1141:Devaluation 890:its own war 831:La Rochelle 452:King Edward 429:centralized 417:the kingdom 148:Predecessor 131:jure uxoris 104:Predecessor 5650:Categories 5616:Isabella I 5601:Charles VI 5586:Philip VII 5547:Charles IV 5379:Blanche II 5372:Charles IV 5338:Charles II 5333:Philip III 5257:Theobald I 5239:Sancho VII 5199:Sancho III 4985:Napoleon I 4965:Louis XVII 4944:Louis XIII 4890:Charles IX 4885:Francis II 4850:Charles VI 4816:Charles IV 4791:Philip III 4781:Louis VIII 4746:Hugh Capet 4739:(987–1328) 4672:Charles II 4656:Carloman I 4638:Robertians 4563:Dagobert I 4548:Sigebert I 4528:Chlothar I 4391:1285–1314 4380:Philip III 4334:L'Histoire 3998:John Watts 3884:. London: 3459:Black 1982 3421:Adams 1982 3381:Torre 2010 3335:Torre 2010 3312:Torre 2010 3300:Torre 2010 3283:Torre 2010 3258:Torre 2010 3210:Torre 2010 3060:Wolfe 2009 2874:Field 2019 2805:References 2761:Knightfall 2735:miniseries 2670:Purgatorio 2644:In fiction 2578:Charles IV 1283:Latin East 1160:debasement 1130:Florentine 1073:Masse d'or 1058:See also: 862:Gascon War 768:April 2023 539:Charles IV 168:Co-monarch 108:Philip III 92:Coronation 5567:Charles V 5562:Philip VI 5552:Philip IV 5504:Charles V 5484:Louis III 5474:Henry III 5408:Catherine 5348:Blanche I 5310:Charles I 5305:Philip II 5234:Sancho VI 5224:Alfonso I 5209:Sancho IV 5189:Sancho II 5022:Louis XIX 5016:Charles X 4959:Louis XVI 4949:Louis XIV 4895:Henry III 4875:Francis I 4870:Louis XII 4845:Charles V 4835:Philip VI 4796:Philip IV 4776:Philip II 4771:Louis VII 4751:Robert II 4682:Louis III 4644:(751–987) 4593:Clovis IV 4573:Clovis II 4511:(509–751) 4253:Goyau, G. 3937:0076-5872 3929:2507-0436 3905:Brown, E. 3559:159316950 3359:8 January 2919:0076-5872 2911:2507-0436 2887:Brown, E. 2638:Edward II 1299:Clement V 1247:Clement V 1013:Ilkhanate 713:Parlement 658:Champagne 466:with the 448:a dispute 435:ruled in 433:his house 384:(French: 335:Philip IV 158:Successor 114:Successor 59:miniature 46:Philip IV 5591:Louis II 5557:Philip V 5528:Joan III 5499:Louis VI 5489:Louis IV 5479:Louis II 5450:Joan III 5445:Henry II 5426:John III 5290:Philip I 5214:Sancho V 5174:Sancho I 5128:Monarchs 4954:Louis XV 4939:Henry IV 4880:Henry II 4860:Louis XI 4811:Philip V 4786:Louis IX 4766:Louis VI 4761:Philip I 4717:Louis IV 4707:Robert I 4677:Louis II 4642:Bosonids 4518:Clovis I 4255:(1911). 4174:ABC-CLIO 4168:(2010). 4068:(1980). 4000:(eds.). 3880:(2007). 3801:AlloCiné 3727:Note 109 3396:(2001). 3394:Read, P. 3170:, p. 485 3130:Archived 3099:(2014). 2723:Philip V 2666:Inferno, 2659:Philippe 2618:Robertum 2584:Isabella 2572:Philip V 2560:, later 2180:Joan III 1379:Beguines 1375:Templars 941:Kortrijk 933:Flanders 917:Boulogne 905:Isabella 886:Flanders 878:Scotland 870:Flanders 842:Margaret 816:Edward I 796:Edward I 715:and the 704:monarchy 686:Pyrenees 636:against 535:Philip V 523:adultery 482:and the 401:nobility 190:, France 5634:. Also 5630:. Also 5494:Louis V 5469:Antoine 5385:Eleanor 5366:John II 5315:Joan II 5295:Louis I 5267:Henry I 5219:Peter I 5132:Navarre 5087:italics 5029:Henry V 4840:John II 4801:Louis X 4756:Henry I 4727:Louis V 4722:Lothair 4712:Rudolph 4667:Louis I 4538:Guntram 4265:(ed.). 4113:Ashgate 4109:Farnham 3823:Sources 3811:25 July 3777:25 July 2719:Louis X 2680:in the 2616:names " 2608:). The 2600:(1296, 2543:Louis X 2502:Louis X 1255:Avignon 1173:deniers 1125:Lombard 1028:Öljaitü 1017:Mamluks 957:Béthune 850:Gascony 810:As the 684:in the 642:Catalan 627:almoner 616:Charles 531:Louis X 437:Hungary 421:vassals 375:epithet 349:), was 262:more... 249: 233: 229: 162:Louis I 118:Louis X 72:more... 5300:John I 5272:Joan I 4806:John I 4434:Joan I 4431:With: 4407:Joan I 4362: 4320:565554 4318: 4158:598384 4156: 4119: 4080: 4010: 3996:& 3981: 3962: 3935: 3927: 3892: 3857: 3838: 3745: 3719: 3557: 3549: 3494: 3404: 3136:(1928) 3107: 2917: 2909: 2598:Robert 2524:were: 2482:stroke 2124:(1316) 1976:–1358) 1413:French 1403:flayed 1357:, the 1316:, 1550 1243:Anagni 1103:Saxony 1096:silver 1092:tonnes 1040:Levant 1009:Arghun 989:Uyghur 985:Mongol 911: 909:Edward 820:homage 711:, the 589:Gisant 537:, and 504:Anagni 454: 425:feudal 405:clergy 378:le Bel 343:French 323:Mother 313:Father 292:Robert 239: 219:Spouse 205:Burial 172:Joan I 152:Joan I 5626:Also 4364:Died: 4357:Born: 4316:JSTOR 4261:. In 4154:JSTOR 3925:eISSN 3555:S2CID 3547:JSTOR 2907:eISSN 2772:Notes 2602:Paris 2550:Paris 2534:Paris 2530:Paris 2508:Issue 2452:Death 1367:lupus 1355:Seine 1312:, by 1193:livre 1114:tithe 1007:with 1001:China 991:monk 953:Douai 949:Lille 939:near 697:Reign 608:Louis 600:Louis 553:Youth 464:a war 357:with 307:Capet 302:House 256:Issue 247:) 235:( 231: 140:Reign 80:Reign 4640:and 4359:1268 4117:ISBN 4078:ISBN 4008:ISBN 3979:ISBN 3960:ISBN 3933:ISSN 3890:ISBN 3855:ISBN 3836:ISBN 3813:2015 3779:2015 3743:ISBN 3717:ISBN 3492:ISBN 3402:ISBN 3361:2020 3105:ISBN 2915:ISSN 2721:and 1377:and 1212:bull 1200:Jews 1171:and 1062:and 868:and 671:Lyon 662:Brie 660:and 494:the 480:Jews 462:and 411:and 403:and 245:1305 241:1284 195:Died 182:Born 5130:of 4697:Odo 4308:doi 4296:". 4146:doi 3917:doi 3539:doi 2899:doi 2752:in 2713:by 2612:of 1094:of 999:of 888:in 758:by 458:'s 365:as 5652:: 4331:, 4314:. 4304:94 4302:. 4241:. 4221:. 4152:. 4142:83 4111:: 4107:. 4076:. 3931:. 3923:. 3913:49 3911:. 3888:. 3689:^ 3670:^ 3643:^ 3628:^ 3613:^ 3553:. 3545:. 3535:39 3533:. 3527:. 3466:^ 3445:^ 3428:^ 3369:^ 3351:. 3319:^ 3290:^ 3265:^ 3246:^ 3229:^ 3190:^ 3175:^ 3043:^ 3002:^ 2951:^ 2935:, 2913:. 2905:. 2895:49 2893:. 2830:^ 2768:. 2688:. 2640:. 2504:. 2410:r. 2352:r. 2241:r. 2171:r. 2146:r. 2018:r. 1971:c. 1957:r. 1941:r. 1914:r. 1898:r. 1873:r. 1857:r. 1687:r. 1671:r. 1646:r. 1511:r. 1415:: 1385:. 951:, 923:. 913:II 629:. 581:. 533:, 529:: 443:. 392:, 345:: 237:m. 134:) 74:) 5638:. 5120:e 5113:t 5106:v 5089:. 4635:, 4465:e 4458:t 4451:v 4322:. 4310:: 4176:. 4160:. 4148:: 4125:. 4086:. 4016:. 3987:. 3968:. 3939:. 3919:: 3898:. 3863:. 3844:. 3815:. 3793:" 3781:. 3751:. 3725:. 3561:. 3541:: 3500:. 3410:. 3363:. 3113:. 2921:. 2901:: 2788:" 2784:" 2705:( 2632:. 2594:. 2568:. 2488:( 2476:. 2464:. 1969:( 1448:e 1441:t 1434:v 1411:( 806:. 781:) 775:( 770:) 766:( 752:. 565:( 456:I 341:( 128:( 70:( 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index