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42:
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604:, leading to a series of escalating actions by the US and Cuba. The US suspended sugar imports, Cuba nationalized American-owned businesses, and on October 19, the US imposed an embargo on US exports to Cuba except for food and medicine. Bonsal thought the Eisenhower administration was over-reacting and forcing Castro into an alliance with the Soviets.
589:
On
September 3, 1959, Bonsal met with Castro and express concern that American businesses, which had complied fully with the Land Reform Law, were concerned that government agents were acting arbitrarily and without legal sanction. He complained of anti-American comments by Guevara, who was then on a
585:
In August, he protested to
Secretary of State Herter that Cuban-American relations were being poisoned by the fact that the US was allowing several hundred Batista allies to live in the country, which appeared to the Cubans as harboring counter-revolutionaries. He urged them to be forced to "move on
510:
In
January 1957, representing the US at the United Nations General Assembly's Special Political Committee, he supported a Philippine proposal, endorsed by representatives of Peru, Nepal, and other nations, for the UN to modify its confrontational approach in fighting apartheid in South Africa and to
573:
Bonsal attempted to find a working arrangement with the leader of the new government. Bonsal admitted that "animosity was inevitable" but that he was hopeful that "at some point we can get down to a reasoned dialogue." Castro was critical of the arrival of Bonsal in the Cuban press and compared him
581:
When Bonsal testified before a closed session of the House
Committee on Foreign Relations in May 1959, he explained why the revolution had such widespread popular support: "the corruption and the sadism of many Batista henchmen united most Cubans against the regime." He described how Batista's
653:
As of 1971, he called for "disengagement from a bankrupt
Vietnam policy" by noting that China and Russia had invested comparatively modest resources in the conflict, compared to the American loss of 40,000 lives. He hoped that all the major powers would nevertheless recognize that "big-power
463:
While on the staff of the US embassy in
Bolivia in 1944, he tried without success to persuade the State Department to ignore the rhetoric of Bolivia's radical opposition parties, which he excused as reflexive opposition to the recently ousted pro-American regime of
2143:
3313:
553:
called his appointment "a splendid choice" and described him as "a distinguished career diplomat" with "every qualification that could be asked for the difficult and gratifying task he is taking on." Bonsal's predecessor,
2654:
3438:
530:
from 1957 to 1959. He wholeheartedly supported the US economic assistance program under way there, which he later described as a "pioneer" and "solitary example" of what was required of the US in Latin
America.
459:
Bonsal joined the State
Department in 1937. He was Vice Consul and Third Secretary in the US embassy in Havana in 1938 and 1939, followed by a year in Washington as Cuban desk officer at the State Department.
1601:
2676:
562:
and was quickly recalled by the State
Department after Batista's ouster. It has been argued that the choice of Bonsal signaled an intention on the part of the State Department to defuse the
503:
confirmed the appointment on
February 11, and he presented his credentials on April 1. He maintained friendly relations with opposition politicians, angering Colombian dictator General
3612:
3622:
3607:
1639:
1623:
3059:
2784:
3587:
3348:
593:
In October 1959, Castro called the US "accomplices" of Batista loyalists forces who had launched air attacks on Cuba. Bonsal lodged a formal protest with Cuban President
3617:
3135:
2839:
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2181:
2165:
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3510:
2774:
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2754:
661:
as "stolen property" and objected to those who ignored the violation of government secrecy standards because the revelations supported their political judgment.
395:. The Bonsals descended from English Quakers who participated in founding the colony of Pennsylvania in 1682. His mother was Henrietta Morris, a descendant of
3632:
3488:
2854:
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Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were severed shortly afterward, and US diplomatic representation in Cuba was handled by the
3185:
3123:
2412:
473:
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476:(MNR) embodied the "legitimate and respectable... aspirations of certain sectors of the Bolivian people." Instead, the US forced President
440:, rising to become chief of its Latin American Division. He then entered government service as a specialist in telephone services with the
204:
654:
confrontation by proxy is so repulsively destructive of the welfare of the proxies as to render its repetition elsewhere inconceivable".
3343:
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1609:
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441:
360:
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After Castro called for a reduction in the staff of the US embassy in Havana, Bonsal was recalled to Washington in October 1960.
540:
368:
103:
3597:
3069:
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920:
511:
shift to tactics that would promote discussion and recognize the problem of racial discrimination in other countries as well.
2849:
1206:
582:
security forces had killed many while "many, many more were arrested on no charges and kept in jail for indefinite periods."
3413:
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1954:
391:(1865–1951), a well-known journalist who served several years in the US diplomatic corps, wrote several books, and won a
3388:
2643:
758:
713:
590:
world tour. Castro advised patience and forbearance with "the exuberances of young and inexperienced revolutionaries."
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1682:
567:
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in 1910–1911. He spent several years in the U.S. diplomatic corps and served as President Wilson's translator at the
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Bonsal's early education took place in the Philippines and Switzerland. He graduated from Yale in 1924.
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felt his attempt at a conciliatory approach to the Castro regime represented an appeasement of
3468:
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2017:
1987:
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2012:
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1729:
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In mid-1960, the Cuban government reached an agreement to sell 700,000 tons of sugar to the
563:
555:
448:
292:
136:
41:
428:
for several months as a student trainee with the Cuban Telephone Company, Bonsal worked in
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Bonsal died of pneumonia on June 28, 1995, at the age of 92. He was survived by his wife.
658:
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2117:
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1939:
1889:
1759:
1595:
1. The U.S. and Cuba did not have bilateral diplomatic relations between 1961 and 2015.
1502:
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1006:
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17:
761:. Among his eight books, his memoir of the Versailles Peace Conference won the
3398:
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1460:
U.S. Dept. of State, Office of the Historian: Philip Wilson Bonsal (1903–1995)
681:
619:
1435:
1221:
630:
500:
418:
414:
618:. That arrangement lasted until July 20, 2015, with the culmination of the
518:
on March 18, 1957. He concluded his service in Colombia on April 24, 1957.
664:
Bonsal published a memoir, "Cuba, Castro and the United States," in 1971.
3433:
3333:
3318:
2206:
1867:
359:(May 22, 1903 – June 28, 1995) was an American career diplomat with the
3403:
575:
2989:
3314:
1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series
597:
on October 27 and blamed Castro for the deterioration of relations.
2186:
1224:
Wayne Smith Library of Congress country notes According to reports
433:
429:
1353:
Gangsterismo: The United States, Cuba and the Mafia, 1933 to 1966
1326:
Gangsterismo: The United States, Cuba and the Mafia, 1933 to 1966
1276:
Gangsterismo: The United States, Cuba and the Mafia, 1933 to 1966
1249:
Gangsterismo: The United States, Cuba and the Mafia, 1933 to 1966
1195:
Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism
2687:
425:
2658:
2147:
1605:
645:
from 1961 to 1962. He retired from government service in 1965.
371:
from February 1959 until October 1960, the first months of the
1197:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina press. p.
3439:
Cuban football players who defected to the United States
558:, had maintained friendly relations with Cuban dictator
507:, who persuaded the State Department to reassign him.
3252:
3194:
3020:
2810:
2747:
2706:
2436:
2262:
2195:
1968:
1875:
1841:
1800:
1768:
1722:
1673:
319:
307:
299:
282:
262:
257:
241:
229:
221:
203:
193:
181:
173:
155:
142:
130:
120:
102:
92:
80:
70:
52:
32:
3349:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
1301:
1031:. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 16.
1005:
982:
403:. He had three brothers, including New York judge
3136:1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue aircraft
2840:United States Senate Committee on Cuban Relations
2833:Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine (Havana)
3244:Trade Sanction Reform and Export Enhancement Act
921:"Philip W. Bonsal, 92, Last U.S. Envoy to Cuba"
480:to remove members of the MNR from his cabinet.
3511:United Nations Security Council Resolution 144
2785:Cuba–United States Maritime Boundary Agreement
2775:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
1040:
1038:
2670:
2159:
1617:
8:
3613:Ambassadors of the United States to Colombia
1234:Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58
818:"A Voice for Liberty: Dudley Baldwin Bonsal"
3623:Ambassadors of the United States to Morocco
3608:Ambassadors of the United States to Bolivia
3489:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
1308:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp.
1012:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp.
989:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp.
578:, and dialogue was not easily forthcoming.
3087:Leyla Express and Johnny Express incidents
2677:
2663:
2655:
2166:
2152:
2144:
1624:
1610:
1602:
1464:
976:
974:
972:
970:
40:
29:
3588:Morris family (Morrisania and New Jersey)
2862:United States Military Government in Cuba
2765:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)
2755:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903)
2734:United States Interests Section in Havana
1103:McLaughlin, Kathleen (January 17, 1957).
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
876:"Stephen Bonsal Jr., Set 1918 Air Record"
783:
781:
612:United States Interests Section in Havana
539:In January 1959, Eisenhower named Bonsal
116:March 3, 1959 – October 28, 1960
3618:Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba
3339:Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba
2729:Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba
2719:Ambassadors of Cuba to the United States
566:in the same way that it had defused the
169:May 10, 1957 – February 6, 1959
3628:United States Foreign Service personnel
777:
730:
444:, where he remained from 1935 to 1937.
438:International Telephone & Telegraph
217:April 1, 1955 – April 24, 1957
3186:Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
3124:Operations Safe Haven and Safe Passage
3060:Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings
474:Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario
66:May 24, 1961 – August 8, 1962
3558:Category:Cuba–United States relations
3379:Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil
1640:United States Ambassadors to Colombia
1408:"U.S. Shift on Cuba in 1960 Detailed"
1029:The Truman Administration and Bolivia
789:"Col. Bonsal Dead; Journalist was 86"
7:
2938:Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front
2739:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
2724:Embassy of the United States, Havana
1483:United States Ambassador to Colombia
1436:"Philip W. Bonsal papers, 1914-1992"
1406:Raymont, Henry (November 14, 1971).
1377:Bonsal, Philip W. (August 6, 1971).
945:Kenworthy, E.W. (January 14, 1959).
497:United States Ambassador to Colombia
205:United States Ambassador to Colombia
3633:American people of Powhatan descent
3344:Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus
3050:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
1568:United States Ambassador to Morocco
1510:United States Ambassador to Bolivia
1304:Cuba, Castro, and the United States
1222:Diplomat Recalls Cuba Break in 1961
1008:Cuba, Castro, and the United States
985:Cuba, Castro, and the United States
947:"U.S. Said to Pick Envoy to Havana"
643:United States Ambassador to Morocco
528:United States Ambassador to Bolivia
516:United States Ambassador to Bolivia
483:Bonsal served as an adviser at the
413:Bonsal married Margaret Lockett of
157:United States Ambassador to Bolivia
54:United States Ambassador to Morocco
3354:Cuban American National Foundation
3012:United States embargo against Cuba
2182:United States Ambassadors to Spain
1133:"Sentae Unit Vote Backs Whittaker"
1105:"U.S. Eases Stand on South Africa"
25:
3007:United States invasion of Grenada
2714:Embassy of Cuba, Washington, D.C.
1541:March 3, 1959 – October 28, 1960
741:and many other conflicts for the
442:Federal Communications Commission
3553:
3552:
3212:Cuban Assets Control Regulations
2696:
2686:
2185:
2175:
1664:
1643:
1633:
1537:United States Ambassador to Cuba
1514:May 10, 1957 – February 6, 1959
698:
684:
541:United States Ambassador to Cuba
387:on May 22, 1903. His father was
369:United States Ambassador to Cuba
104:United States Ambassador to Cuba
3603:20th-century American diplomats
3070:Trans World Airlines Flight 106
2872:Cuban Pacification Medal (Army)
1487:April 1, 1955 – April 24, 1957
495:Eisenhower nominated Bonsal as
2850:Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
1572:May 24, 1961 – August 8, 1962
919:Binder, David (July 1, 1985).
1:
3307:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
3234:Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act
3080:Cubana de AviaciĂłn Flight 455
3028:Cubana de AviaciĂłn Flight 493
1075:"Envoy to Colombia Confirmed"
468:. He told Secretary of State
27:American diplomat (1903–1995)
3593:Diplomats from New York City
3389:Fair Play for Cuba Committee
2693:Cuba–United States relations
714:Cuba-United States relations
625:Some leading members of the
514:Eisenhower nominated him as
3484:State Sponsors of Terrorism
3464:Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame
3002:Jamaican political conflict
2943:Cuban Revolutionary Council
737:Stephen Bonsal covered the
670:His papers are held by the
568:Bolivian Revolution of 1952
3649:
3394:Friends of Democratic Cuba
3181:American fugitives in Cuba
3075:Southern Airways Flight 49
1662:
1300:Bonsal, Philip W. (1971).
1004:Bonsal, Philip W. (1971).
981:Bonsal, Philip W. (1971).
763:Pulitzer Prize for History
3549:
3302:Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
3222:Wet feet, dry feet policy
2867:Second Occupation of Cuba
2265:Minister Plenipotentiary
2196:Ministers Plenipotentiary
1864:
1793:United States of Colombia
1789:
1711:
1653:
1593:
1584:
1574:
1565:
1557:
1543:
1534:
1526:
1516:
1507:
1499:
1489:
1480:
1472:
1467:
614:, part of the embassy of
350:
343:(great-great-grandfather)
253:
210:
162:
109:
59:
48:
39:
3414:Radio y TelevisiĂłn MartĂ
3359:Cuban dissident movement
3275:Cuban migration to Miami
3119:1994 Cuban rafter crisis
2790:Tripartite Accord (1988)
2437:Ambassador Extraordinary
1969:Ambassador Extraordinary
1878:Minister Plenipotentiary
1844:Minister Plenipotentiary
1676:Minister Plenipotentiary
586:to some other country."
487:on Korea and Indochina.
436:for its parent company,
361:U.S. Department of State
3540:638 Ways to Kill Castro
3479:Third Border Initiative
3449:NOAAS Oregon II (R 332)
2263:Envoy Extraordinary and
1876:Envoy Extraordinary and
1842:Envoy Extraordinary and
1715:Republic of New Granada
1674:Envoy Extraordinary and
1379:"Perspective on Papers"
1162:"Havana and Washington"
1027:Dorn, Glenn J. (2011).
3598:Yale University alumni
3329:Brothers to the Rescue
1350:Colhoun, Jack (2013).
1323:Colhoun, Jack (2013).
1273:Colhoun, Jack (2013).
1246:Colhoun, Jack (2013).
1046:"Ambassador Nominated"
759:Paris Peace Conference
657:He also described the
499:in February 1955. The
485:1954 Geneva Conference
3444:Filibuster (military)
3419:US-Cuba Democracy PAC
3364:Cuban Liberty Council
3324:Antonio Maceo Brigade
1561:Charles Woodruff Yost
1438:. Library of Congress
847:"Mrs. Stephen Bonsal"
505:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
447:Bonsal was fluent in
405:Dudley Baldwin Bonsal
333:Gouverneur Morris Jr.
327:Dudley Baldwin Bonsal
87:Charles Woodruff Yost
3494:Luis Posada Carriles
3287:Cuban–American lobby
3280:Havana on the Hudson
3217:Cuban Adjustment Act
3038:Cuban Missile Crisis
2997:Operation Northwoods
2963:Bay of Pigs Monument
2928:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2818:Spanish–American War
2770:Good Neighbor policy
1868:Republic of Colombia
1587:Notes and references
1476:Rudolf E. Schoenfeld
749:revolution in Mexico
747:and reported on the
739:Spanish–American War
478:Gualberto Villarroel
357:Philip Wilson Bonsal
236:Rudolf E. Schoenfeld
225:Dwight D. Eisenhower
177:Dwight D. Eisenhower
125:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3239:Cuban Democracy Act
3097:Garcia-Mir v. Meese
3033:Matthew Edward Duke
2975:Operation Peter Pan
2906:La Coubre explosion
2439:and Plenipotentiary
2132:(chargé d'affaires)
1971:and Plenipotentiary
1692:(chargé d'affaires)
1547:Jeffrey DeLaurentis
1084:. February 12, 1955
672:Library of Congress
547:came to power. The
401:American Revolution
383:Bonsal was born in
336:(great-grandfather)
149:Jeffrey DeLaurentis
3506:Cuba–OAS relations
3474:Straits of Florida
3454:Silver certificate
3429:Venceremos Brigade
3369:CubaOne Foundation
2985:Operation Mongoose
2968:Bay of Pigs Museum
2958:José Antonio Llama
2889:Sugar Intervention
2845:The Paquete Habana
2800:JetBlue Flight 387
2760:Hay-Quesada Treaty
1171:. January 23, 1959
1055:. February 5, 1955
885:. October 29, 1950
455:Diplomatic service
399:, a leader in the
363:. A specialist on
3565:
3564:
3459:Troika of tyranny
3260:Americans in Cuba
3102:Cuban boat people
3065:Pan Am Flight 281
2652:
2651:
2520:
2517:chargé d'affaires
2488:
2485:chargé d'affaires
2299:
2296:chargé d'affaires
2220:
2217:chargé d'affaires
2141:
2140:
2133:
1801:Minister Resident
1769:Minister Resident
1723:Chargé d'Affaires
1693:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1589:
1575:Succeeded by
1544:Succeeded by
1517:Succeeded by
1490:Succeeded by
1468:Diplomatic posts
560:Fulgencio Batista
526:Bonsal served as
466:Enrique Peñaranda
397:Gouverneur Morris
354:
353:
340:Gouverneur Morris
151:(Acting, in 2015)
16:(Redirected from
3640:
3556:
3555:
3409:Radio Free Dixie
3229:Helms–Burton Act
3202:Teller Amendment
2948:Operation Ortsac
2896:Cuban Revolution
2823:Ostend Manifesto
2707:Diplomatic posts
2701:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2514:
2482:
2293:
2214:
2190:
2189:
2180:
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2168:
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2154:
2145:
2131:
1691:
1668:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1578:John H. Ferguson
1558:Preceded by
1552:
1530:Earl E. T. Smith
1527:Preceded by
1500:Preceded by
1473:Preceded by
1465:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
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1383:
1374:
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1347:
1341:
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1320:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1191:Rabe, Stephen G.
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1142:. March 19, 1957
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1071:
1065:
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1042:
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1024:
1018:
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965:
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962:
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951:
942:
936:
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916:
895:
894:
892:
890:
880:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
851:
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
822:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
793:
785:
766:
735:
708:
703:
702:
694:
689:
688:
687:
595:Osvaldo DorticĂłs
564:Cuban Revolution
556:Earl E. T. Smith
543:just days after
424:After living in
315:Henrietta Morris
303:Margaret Lockett
293:Washington, D.C.
289:
272:
270:
258:Personal details
244:
232:
215:
196:
184:
167:
145:
137:Earl E. T. Smith
133:
114:
98:John H. Ferguson
95:
83:
64:
44:
30:
21:
18:Philip W. Bonsal
3648:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3545:
3265:Cuban Americans
3248:
3207:Platt Amendment
3190:
3176:Havana syndrome
3092:Mariel boatlift
3016:
2884:Negro Rebellion
2806:
2743:
2702:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2653:
2648:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2142:
2137:
1970:
1964:
1877:
1871:
1860:
1843:
1837:
1796:
1785:
1764:
1718:
1707:
1675:
1669:
1660:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1634:
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1630:
1580:
1571:
1563:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1532:
1522:
1513:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1478:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1434:
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1419:
1417:
1410:
1405:
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1400:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1349:
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1344:
1337:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1299:
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929:
927:
918:
917:
898:
888:
886:
878:
874:
873:
869:
859:
857:
856:. July 17, 1955
849:
845:
844:
840:
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828:
820:
816:
815:
811:
801:
799:
791:
787:
786:
779:
775:
770:
769:
744:New York Herald
736:
732:
727:
719:History of Cuba
706:Politics portal
704:
697:
690:
685:
683:
680:
659:Pentagon Papers
651:
639:
537:
524:
493:
457:
381:
367:, he served as
346:
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242:
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110:
93:
81:
75:John F. Kennedy
65:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3515:
3514:
3513:
3503:
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3501:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3469:BoquerĂłn, Cuba
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3424:Varela Project
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
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3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3292:Guantánamo Bay
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3256:
3254:
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3247:
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3214:
3209:
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3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Carlos Alvarez
3153:
3148:
3146:Elián González
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3111:
3106:
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3099:
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2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2443:(1913–present)
2434:
2433:
2431:
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2420:
2415:
2410:
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2221:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
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1902:
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1598:
1597:
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1590:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1551:beginning 2015
1545:
1542:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:Gerald A. Drew
1501:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1454:External links
1452:
1450:
1449:
1427:
1415:New York Times
1398:
1386:New York Times
1369:
1362:
1342:
1335:
1315:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1258:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1207:
1182:
1169:New York Times
1153:
1140:New York Times
1124:
1112:New York Times
1095:
1082:New York Times
1066:
1053:New York Times
1034:
1019:
996:
966:
954:New York Times
937:
925:New York Times
896:
883:New York Times
867:
854:New York Times
838:
827:. July 9, 1956
825:New York Times
809:
798:. June 9, 1951
796:New York Times
776:
774:
771:
768:
767:
754:New York Times
729:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
716:
710:
709:
695:
679:
676:
650:
647:
638:
635:
574:to a colonial
550:New York Times
536:
533:
523:
520:
492:
489:
456:
453:
421:, circa 1929.
393:Pulitzer Prize
389:Stephen Bonsal
380:
377:
352:
351:
348:
347:
345:
344:
337:
330:
323:
321:
317:
316:
312:Stephen Bonsal
309:
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301:
297:
296:
290:(aged 92)
284:
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2:
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3528:
3527:
3526:The Cuba Wars
3523:
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3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3499:Orlando Bosch
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3270:Little Havana
3268:
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3258:
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3208:
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3199:
3197:
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3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Kendall Myers
3164:
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3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Regan v. Wald
3112:
3110:
3109:Sandy Pollack
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
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3078:
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3055:Zemel v. Rusk
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285:
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276:New York City
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248:John M. Cabot
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199:Carl W. Strom
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47:
43:
38:
34:Philip Bonsal
31:
19:
3551:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3161:Elsa Alvarez
2980:Operation 40
2933:Brigade 2506
2921:Golden exile
2911:Cuban exodus
2516:
2506:
2484:
2295:
2216:
2127:
2007:
1866:
1791:
1713:
1687:
1655:
1586:
1566:
1535:
1508:
1481:
1440:. Retrieved
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1372:
1356:. OR Books.
1352:
1345:
1329:. OR Books.
1325:
1318:
1303:
1295:
1279:. OR Books.
1275:
1268:
1252:. OR Books.
1248:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1194:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1168:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1139:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1081:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1028:
1022:
1007:
999:
984:
957:. Retrieved
953:
940:
928:. Retrieved
924:
887:. Retrieved
882:
870:
858:. Retrieved
853:
841:
829:. Retrieved
824:
812:
800:. Retrieved
795:
752:
742:
733:
669:
666:
663:
656:
652:
640:
624:
609:
606:
602:Soviet Union
599:
592:
588:
584:
580:
572:
548:
545:Fidel Castro
538:
525:
513:
509:
494:
482:
470:Cordell Hull
462:
458:
446:
423:
412:
409:
382:
356:
355:
288:(1995-06-28)
273:May 22, 1903
243:Succeeded by
212:
195:Succeeded by
164:
144:Succeeded by
111:
94:Succeeded by
61:
3583:1995 deaths
3578:1903 births
3384:Engage Cuba
3374:Cuban Power
3195:Legislation
2953:Polita Grau
2916:Cuban exile
2879:Banana Wars
2594:Bartholomew
2269:(1825–1913)
2200:(1779–1825)
1442:January 31,
1420:January 30,
1391:January 30,
1236:Hugh Thomas
1175:January 30,
1146:January 30,
1117:January 30,
1088:January 30,
1059:January 30,
959:January 30,
930:January 21,
889:January 30,
860:January 30,
831:January 30,
802:January 30,
692:Cuba portal
649:Later years
641:Bonsal was
627:US Congress
616:Switzerland
379:Early years
231:Preceded by
183:Preceded by
132:Preceded by
82:Preceded by
3572:Categories
3399:Havana Jam
3171:Alan Gross
3151:Ana Montes
3141:Cuban Five
3131:Bill Gaede
3043:Crateology
2855:Propaganda
2795:Cuban thaw
2780:El Diálogo
2512:Culbertson
2212:Carmichael
2108:Brownfield
2003:Schoenfeld
1955:Whitehouse
1208:0807842044
773:References
620:Cuban Thaw
269:1903-05-22
3519:Overthrow
3021:Incidents
2901:Aftermath
2828:USS Maine
2811:Conflicts
2748:Diplomacy
2644:PantaleĂłn
2363:Fairchild
2313:Barringer
2229:Humphreys
2098:Patterson
2088:Frechette
2073:Gillespie
1960:W. Dawson
1925:Northcott
1920:T. Dawson
1740:Blackford
631:communism
501:US Senate
472:that the
419:Tennessee
415:Knoxville
329:(brother)
320:Relatives
308:Parent(s)
222:President
213:In office
174:President
165:In office
121:President
112:In office
71:President
62:In office
3533:Balseros
3434:ZunZuneo
3334:Balseros
3319:Alpha 66
3297:Timeline
2629:Solomont
2549:Woodward
2529:MacVeagh
2480:Matthews
2470:Laughlin
2441:to Spain
2408:Woodford
2308:Saunders
2281:Van Ness
2267:to Spain
2234:Pinckney
2198:to Spain
2129:Palmieri
2123:Goldberg
2118:Whitaker
2113:McKinley
2078:McNamara
2018:McIntosh
1935:Thompson
1895:McKinney
1813:Sullivan
1698:Harrison
1683:Anderson
1193:(1988).
765:in 1945.
751:for the
678:See also
491:Colombia
375:regime.
3404:Omega 7
3253:Related
2624:Aguirre
2619:Argyros
2609:Gardner
2599:Zappala
2579:Stabler
2524:Griffis
2492:Weddell
2465:Hammond
2450:Willard
2423:Collier
2398:Snowden
2383:Belmont
2353:Cushing
2348:Sickles
2338:Koerner
2328:Preston
2276:Everett
2249:Forsyth
2058:Asencio
2053:Sanchez
2033:Carlson
2023:Freeman
1998:Waynick
1993:Beaulac
1950:Caffery
1915:Barrett
1910:Russell
1905:Beaupre
1851:Scruggs
1828:Dichman
1823:Scruggs
1818:Hurlbut
1745:Bidlack
637:Morocco
576:viceroy
522:Bolivia
449:Spanish
2990:JMWAVE
2639:Buchan
2634:Costos
2614:Romero
2589:Enders
2584:Todman
2569:Rivero
2559:Wagner
2544:Biddle
2507:Bonsal
2502:Armour
2475:Bowers
2413:Storer
2403:Taylor
2388:Palmer
2373:Foster
2368:Hamlin
2358:Lowell
2333:Schurz
2303:Irving
2254:Nelson
2244:Erving
2239:Erving
2093:Kamman
2063:Boyatt
2043:Saccio
2038:Vaughn
2028:Oliver
2008:Bonsal
1978:Braden
1940:Philip
1930:DuBois
1890:Abbott
1808:Burton
1776:Bowlin
1735:Semple
1730:McAfee
1360:
1333:
1283:
1256:
1205:
373:Castro
300:Spouse
295:, U.S.
278:, U.S.
2604:Capen
2539:Lodge
2497:Hayes
2460:Moore
2455:Woods
2418:Hardy
2393:Grubb
2378:Curry
2323:Dodge
2318:Soulé
2286:Eaton
2224:Short
2083:Busby
2068:Tambs
2013:Cabot
1988:Wiley
1945:Piles
1885:Maury
1856:Jacob
1833:Maney
1781:Jones
1760:Green
1750:Foote
1703:Moore
1689:Watts
1411:(PDF)
1382:(PDF)
1165:(PDF)
1136:(PDF)
1108:(PDF)
1078:(PDF)
1049:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
879:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
821:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
725:Notes
434:Chile
430:Spain
2574:Penn
2564:Hill
2554:Duke
2534:Dunn
2343:Hale
2291:Vail
2103:Wood
2048:Vaky
1983:Lane
1900:Hart
1755:King
1444:2016
1422:2016
1393:2016
1358:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1312:–91.
1281:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1177:2016
1148:2016
1119:2016
1090:2016
1061:2016
961:2016
932:2016
891:2016
862:2016
833:2016
804:2016
535:Cuba
432:and
426:Cuba
283:Died
263:Born
2428:Ide
2207:Jay
1199:126
993:–7.
3574::
1413:.
1384:.
1310:89
1201:.
1167:.
1138:.
1110:.
1080:.
1051:.
1037:^
1014:46
991:26
969:^
952:.
923:.
899:^
881:.
852:.
823:.
794:.
780:^
674:.
633:.
622:.
570:.
451:.
417:,
407:.
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2519:)
2515:(
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1424:.
1395:.
1366:.
1339:.
1289:.
1262:.
1211:.
1179:.
1150:.
1121:.
1092:.
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1016:.
963:.
934:.
893:.
864:.
835:.
806:.
271:)
267:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
