489:
38:
669:
599:
1940/41, German art purchases in Italy increased to such an extent that the
Fascist government prohibited the sale of art treasures to foreigners in September 1941. On 11 March 1938, he delivered Hitler's letter of reassurance to Mussolini prior to Hitler's marching into Austria, and received a gushing call from Hitler upon the news of Mussolini's acquiescence.
794:), Philipp succeeded as head of the entire House of Hesse, including grand ducal Hesse (Hesse and by Rhine/Hesse-Darmstadt). Louis had nominally adopted Philipp's son Moritz, who at that time inherited the Hessian and by-Rhine properties, including remarkable cultural collections: for the first time since the division of Hesse into branches after the death of
617:
As the war progressed, the attitude of the
National Socialist authorities towards members of the German princely houses changed. While at first, they had been happy to use the historic family names to bolster popular support, they now decided to distance themselves even from those princes who had
621:
In late April 1943, Philipp was ordered to report to Hitler's headquarters, where he stayed for most of the next four months. In May 1943, Hitler issued the "Decree
Concerning Internationally Connected Men" declaring that princes could not hold positions in the party, state, or armed forces. The
598:
for Hitler in Italy. Philipp arranged the purchase of many important works of art for the large museum that Hitler was planning in Linz. For this purpose, the Reich
Chancellery established a special account for him at the German Embassy in Rome, over which Prince Philipp could freely dispose. In
630:
Hitler believed that
Philipp and his family were complicit in Mussolini's downfall. On 8 September 1943, Philipp was arrested. He was stripped of his membership in the party and dismissed from the Luftwaffe. On 25 January 1944, his political disgrace became public when he was dismissed from his
229:. However, he later began to fall out of favour with Hitler in the spring of 1943 after delivering an honest assessment of the military situation in Italy. He was arrested in September 1943 on the day Italy surrendered to the western Allies, dismissed in the following year, and was sent to the
2253:
653:
where she was housed next to an armaments factory. In August 1944, the factory was bombed by the Allies. Mafalda was seriously injured and died several days later following a belated operation by camp medical staff.
642:. He was placed in solitary confinement and was not permitted any contact with the outside world. He was, however, granted certain privileges: wearing civilian clothes and eating the same food as the guards.
2288:
392:
where he used his aristocratic connections to establish himself as a successful interior designer. (He had designed some furniture for the palace his father intended to occupy as King of
Finland.)
439:(6 August 1926 – 23 May 2013) he married Princess Tatiana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg on 1 June 1964 and they were divorced on 16 October 1974. They have four children and eleven grandchildren.
1979:
2313:
2308:
1124:
338:. He held the rank of lieutenant (an extremely low rank considering his princely background) and was mostly responsible for the procurement of munitions. In 1917, he served on the
614:
at the disposal of the Reich
Interior Ministry. Over 10,000 mentally ill people were killed there. In 1946, Philipp was charged with murder, but the charges were later dropped.
2238:
1598:
461:
and ex-wife of Hans-Peter
Schmiedler) on 5 April 1965 and they were divorced on 3 February 1969. He married Elisabeth Bonker on 28 December 1988 and they were divorced in 1994.
357:
would be heir to the
Finnish throne. The plans for a Finnish monarchy, however, soon came to an abrupt end with the defeat of Germany; Finland became a republic in July 1919.
763:
procedures in
Darmstadt and, on 17 December 1947, was classified as Category II (offender). He was sentenced to 2 years in a labour camp, which was suspended on the basis of
2343:
696:
663:
242:
488:
680:
1570:
2243:
1972:
2283:
2233:
771:(DM). Subsequent appeals concluded in February 1949, and resulted in a reclassification as Category IV (follower) and a reduction of his fine to 36,568 DM.
883:
854:
509:
2318:
349:) and Philipp became second in line to succeed his uncle as Head of the Electoral House of Hesse. In October 1918, Philipp's father was elected king of
2096:
364:(the Transitional Army) which was successful in repressing communist and socialist action. From 1920 to 1922, he attended the Technical University in
2223:
2080:
1965:
972:
2101:
2293:
2268:
2303:
1830:
1811:
579:
2228:
2075:
1924:
842:
779:
676:
2323:
1649:
2106:
1890:
1701:
1546:
1030:
787:
281:
180:
63:
639:
353:. It was intended that Philipp would eventually succeed his father as Head of the House of Hesse, while his (younger) twin brother
230:
2338:
2028:
878:
837:
2158:
1246:
727:
received a telephone call from the SS guards and ordered them to hand over the prisoners to the German army officers Hauptmann
443:
154:
622:
arrest of Mussolini by Philipp's father-in-law King Victor Emmanuel in July 1943 made Phillip's position even more difficult.
2263:
2059:
2023:
946:
774:
On 28 May 1940, Philipp succeeded his father as Head of the Electoral House of Hesse. In 1968, upon the death of his distant
480:), part of Villa Savoia, the King of Italy's estate on the outskirts of Rome. But they also travelled frequently to Germany.
1716:
König, Malte. "Shopping in wartime Italy: On the purchases made by German troops, tourists, and politicians, 1940/1941", in
649:
was arrested and placed under military custody in Rome. She was sent to Munich and Berlin for questioning and eventually to
37:
1849:
Jobst Knigge, Prinz Philipp von Hessen. Hitlers Sonerbotschafter fĂĽr Italien, Humboldt University Berlin (open access) 2009
1453:
1897:
1214:
1004:
906:
900:
650:
253:
2248:
2044:
1272:
795:
783:
420:
330:, Philipp enlisted in the Hessian Dragoon-Regiment Nr. 24 along with his older brother Maximilian. They served first in
285:
261:
190:
2328:
2179:
2018:
832:
477:
2153:
1907:
720:
672:
436:
150:
73:
2273:
2132:
2054:
1188:
1066:
692:
646:
521:
416:
234:
138:
45:
2127:
2049:
1334:
1092:
531:
354:
293:
334:
where Maximilian was killed in October. In 1915 and 1916, Philipp served on the Eastern Front in what is now
2137:
732:
728:
377:
2333:
1308:
688:
2278:
2258:
848:
289:
170:
2218:
2213:
2163:
1938:
1839:
553:
396:
104:
668:
2298:
1429:
712:
512:. He was assigned Party membership number 418,991 and, on 30 January 1939, he would be awarded the
249:
forces on 30 April 1945 and then arrested by U.S. forces on 4 May 1945, being interned until 1947.
205:
534:, also joined the SA. Through his party membership, Philipp became a particularly close friend of
299:
As a child, Philipp had an English governess. In 1910, he was sent to Britain to attend school in
1505:
866:
704:
583:
575:
513:
273:
96:
767:. He also was required to forfeit 30% of his property and assets, which were valued at 600,000
1826:
1807:
1697:
1645:
1611:
Miller, Neil (1995). Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. p. 96.
1592:
1542:
872:
731:
and Hauptmann Gebhard von Alvensleben), and was then arrested by U.S. troops on 4 May 1945 in
535:
458:
404:
373:
277:
145:
100:
520:(SA, commonly referred to as the Brown Shirts), and, the following year, his younger brother
700:
591:
590:
officials and, as son-in-law of the king of Italy, was a frequent go-between for Hitler and
566:
469:
221:
894:
888:
860:
708:
339:
327:
1988:
1861:
1575:
1366:
791:
760:
611:
517:
300:
257:
202:
472:) she married Count Friedrich von Oppersdorff on 28 February 1962. They have two sons.
2207:
1535:
768:
526:
108:
716:
603:
571:
561:
226:
216:
1957:
342:, before returning to Ukraine where he experienced active combat and was wounded.
764:
752:
699:
to Hotel "Bachmann" along with about 140 other prominent prisoners (for example
508:
to be a greater threat. On his return to Germany in October 1930, he joined the
381:
380:. In 1922, he left university without completing a degree and took a job at the
346:
1823:
Reformation Life: The European Reformation through the Eyes of Philipp of Hesse
826:
819:
756:
724:
505:
212:
551:
of reserves on Philipp in 1936. In the Stormtroopers, he held the rank of SA-
323:. He was the only one of the brothers who did not attend a military academy.
1915:
736:
607:
595:
547:
539:
424:
365:
312:
246:
1470:
798:
in 1567, all sovereign branches of the house of Hesse were reunited again.
610:. In February 1941, Philipp signed the contract placing the sanitarium of
759:
and then to a series of other detention centres until 1947. He underwent
400:
368:
where he studied art history and architecture. He made several visits to
775:
501:
454:
350:
335:
331:
320:
304:
165:
748:
493:
385:
369:
296:, as well as two older brothers and two other younger twin brothers.
691:
advanced into Germany in April 1945, Philipp was transferred to the
564:
as the German Chancellor on 30 January 1933, Philipp was appointed
806:
667:
587:
582:
in July. Philipp played an important role in the consolidation of
487:
428:
238:
128:
2254:
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
723:), freed by the Wehrmacht on 30 April 1945 (SS-ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
1571:"'Royals and the Reich' Reveals Fateful History of Nazi Princes"
802:
465:
450:
389:
124:
1961:
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1738:
464:
Princess Elisabeth Margarethe of Hesse-Kassel (8 October 1940
345:
In 1916, Philipp's oldest brother Friedrich Wilhelm died (in
215:
in 1930, and, when they gained power with the appointment of
1844:
Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany
1471:"Die Befreiung der Sonder- und Sippenhäftlinge in Südtirol"
1806:. Vol. 1. Solihull, England: Helion & Company.
492:
Philip of Hesse, second from right in the first row, in
476:
The family lived mostly at Villa Polissena (named after
444:
Heinrich Wilhelm Konstantin Viktor Franz of Hesse-Kassel
1696:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 419–420.
2289:
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
1454:"The Hesse Heist: The Fate of the Family von Hessen"
586:
rule in Germany. He introduced other aristocrats to
500:
While in Italy, Philipp fell under the influence of
201:(6 November 1896 – 25 October 1980) was head of the
2172:
2146:
2115:
2089:
2068:
2037:
2011:
1995:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
186:
176:
164:
144:
134:
114:
83:
79:
69:
59:
51:
44:
23:
1534:
1579:. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007
1597:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
664:Transport of concentration camp inmates to Tyrol
2193:Prince and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel until 1803
1541:(First American ed.). New York: Atheneum.
530:(SS). Later, his two other brothers, including
449:Prince Otto Adolf of Hesse-Kassel (3 June 1937
237:, where he remained until being transported to
2314:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
2309:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
1973:
457:) he married Angela von Doering (daughter of
8:
1802:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2015).
1785:
1754:
1729:
1676:
1664:
1620:
1644:(First ed.). Oxford University Press.
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1528:
1526:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
884:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
855:The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
538:, the future head of the German Air Force (
403:, and his lovers included the British poet
1980:
1966:
1958:
1852:
927:
918:
423:, on 23 September 1925 at the Castello di
36:
20:
2097:Frederick William III, Landgrave of Hesse
2239:FlossenbĂĽrg concentration camp survivors
2081:Frederick William II, Landgrave of Hesse
1687:
1685:
1432:): delayed removal of arm cost her life.
1247:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
973:Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel
922:Ancestors of Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
510:National Socialist German Workers' Party
2344:Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
2102:Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse
1569:Hoelterhoff, Manuela (8 January 2007).
1445:
1421:
675:and Philipp of Hesse at the wedding of
638:In September 1943, Philipp was sent to
360:After the war, Philipp enlisted in the
1590:
1309:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1288:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1125:Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1046:
936:
932:
292:). Philipp had a younger twin brother
199:Philipp, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse
2107:Frederick Charles, Landgrave of Hesse
2076:Frederick William I, Elector of Hesse
1364:
1354:
1350:
1338:
1332:
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1034:
1028:
1018:
1002:
992:
988:
976:
970:
960:
944:
940:
446:(30 October 1927 – 18 November 1999).
7:
2244:German Army personnel of World War I
1465:
1463:
751:and subsequently was transferred to
2284:Luftwaffe personnel of World War II
2234:Dachau concentration camp survivors
843:Order of Saint Alexander (Bulgaria)
782:(who was also his second cousin as
780:Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine
739:due to his role in the Nazi Party.
542:). Göring would bestow the rank of
747:Philipp was held by the Allies in
606:, Philipp was associated with the
578:Göring, who also named him to the
388:. The following year, he moved to
14:
2319:Recipients of the War Merit Cross
1891:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
1428:See German wikipedia on Mafalda (
1031:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
282:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
219:as Chancellor in 1933, he became
181:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
1939:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1846:(Oxford University Press, 2006).
879:Honour Chevron for the Old Guard
838:General Honor Decoration (Hesse)
431:. The couple had four children:
2224:20th-century German LGBT people
1989:Princes and Landgraves of Hesse
260:, as well as the son-in-law of
16:German prince and Nazi official
1947:Reason for succession failure:
1902:28 May 1940 – 25 October 1980
1640:Petropoulos, Jonathan (2008).
1367:Victoria of the United Kingdom
947:Prince William of Hesse-Kassel
695:. After only ten days, he was
681:Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia
640:FlossenbĂĽrg concentration camp
608:Aktion T4 euthanasia programme
288:(sister of the German Emperor
231:FlossenbĂĽrg concentration camp
1:
2294:People from Offenbach am Main
2269:LGBT people in the Nazi Party
1951:Grand Duchy abolished in 1918
1944:30 May 1968 – 25 October 1980
1215:Frederick III, German Emperor
1005:Princess Charlotte of Denmark
907:Nazi Party Long Service Award
901:Nazi Party Long Service Award
651:Buchenwald concentration camp
560:Following the appointment of
254:Frederick III, German Emperor
55:28 May 1940 – 25 October 1980
2304:Princes in the German Empire
2045:William II, Elector of Hesse
1857:Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
1273:Princess Margaret of Prussia
504:, or otherwise believed the
421:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
286:Princess Margaret of Prussia
262:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
225:of the Prussian Province of
191:Princess Margaret of Prussia
2229:Bisexual military personnel
2180:Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse
2123:Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
2019:William I, Elector of Hesse
1825:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
1821:Whitford, David M. (2015).
1804:Leaders of the Storm Troops
1151:Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
833:War Merit Cross (Brunswick)
677:Princess Maria Pia of Savoy
574:on 7 June 1933 by Prussian
2360:
2154:Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse
1908:Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse
1898:Head of the House of Hesse
1537:Prince Philip: A Biography
1282:
1166:
1040:
934:
721:Alexander von Falkenhausen
661:
484:Involvement with the NSDAP
437:Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse
256:, and a great-grandson of
252:Philipp was a grandson of
46:Head of the House of Hesse
2324:Royalty in the Nazi Party
2188:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1855:
1352:
1344:
1316:
1294:
1290:
1254:
1232:
1224:
1196:
1189:William I, German Emperor
1174:
1170:
1132:
1110:
1102:
1074:
1067:Prince Charles of Prussia
1052:
1048:
1012:
990:
982:
954:
938:
693:Dachau concentration camp
516:. In 1932, he joined the
417:Princess Mafalda of Savoy
139:Princess Mafalda of Savoy
35:
28:
1786:Miller & Schulz 2015
1755:Miller & Schulz 2015
1730:Miller & Schulz 2015
1720:28.4, 2021, pp. 858-861.
1677:Miller & Schulz 2015
1665:Miller & Schulz 2015
1621:Miller & Schulz 2015
1335:Victoria, Princess Royal
1093:Princess Anna of Prussia
897:1st Class without Swords
891:2nd Class without Swords
683:. Cascais, February 1955
395:According to biographer
372:where his aunt Princess
326:At the beginning of the
241:by the SS, where he was
2339:Sturmabteilung officers
729:Wichard von Alvensleben
382:Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum
1694:Inside the Third Reich
1692:Speer, Albert (1995).
1506:"The Prince and the F"
813:Awards and decorations
796:Philip the Magnanimous
790:were grandchildren of
684:
594:. He also acted as an
580:Prussian State Council
497:
2264:House of Hesse-Kassel
1932:— TITULAR —
849:Brunswick Rally Badge
671:
491:
411:Marriage and children
376:was the wife of King
303:. After returning to
1840:Jonathan Petropoulos
1679:, pp. 565, 568.
1642:Royals and the Reich
1623:, pp. 561, 570.
1533:Judd, Denis (1981).
697:transferred to Tyrol
397:Jonathan Petropoulos
272:Philipp was born at
2249:German bisexual men
857:with Swords, c.1934
419:, daughter of King
280:, the third son of
211:Philipp joined the
208:from 1940 to 1980.
2329:Nazi propagandists
1916:Titles in pretence
1510:The Spectator (UK)
1475:www.mythoselser.de
869:on 30 January 1939
867:Golden Party Badge
705:Bogislaw von Bonin
685:
584:National Socialist
576:Minister-President
514:Golden Party Badge
498:
274:Schloss Rumpenheim
160:Princess Elisabeth
97:Schloss Rumpenheim
30:Landgrave of Hesse
2201:
2200:
1956:
1955:
1934:
1905:Succeeded by
1832:978-1-440802-54-6
1813:978-1-909-98287-1
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
873:Sudetenland Medal
635:of Hesse-Nassau.
554:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
459:Bernd von Doering
453:– 3 January 1998
405:Siegfried Sassoon
374:Sophie of Prussia
196:
195:
64:Frederick Charles
2351:
2274:LGBT Protestants
2133:Prince Christoph
2055:Prince Christian
2029:Prince Frederick
1982:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1930:
1922:Preceded by
1888:Preceded by
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1871:
1853:
1836:
1817:
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1518:
1516:
1504:Mansel, Philip.
1501:
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1485:
1483:
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1467:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1433:
1426:
928:
919:
801:Philipp died in
784:Philipp's mother
713:Martin Niemöller
701:Kurt Schuschnigg
618:supported them.
592:Benito Mussolini
307:, he attended a
284:and of his wife
121:
93:
91:
40:
21:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2184:
2168:
2159:Prince Heinrich
2142:
2128:Prince Wolfgang
2111:
2085:
2064:
2050:Prince Frederik
2033:
2007:
1991:
1986:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1910:
1901:
1893:
1877:25 October 1980
1872:
1870:6 November 1896
1866:
1865:
1858:
1833:
1820:
1814:
1801:
1798:
1796:Further reading
1793:
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1503:
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1461:
1456:. 28 July 2021.
1452:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1413:
916:
895:War Merit Cross
889:War Merit Cross
861:Anschluss Medal
815:
745:
735:in the Italian
709:Hjalmar Schacht
666:
660:
645:Philipp's wife
628:
602:As governor of
486:
413:
340:Hindenburg Line
328:First World War
270:
159:
157:
155:Prince Heinrich
153:
123:
119:
118:25 October 1980
95:
94:6 November 1896
89:
87:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2226:
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2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2173:8th generation
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2147:7th generation
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2138:Prince Richard
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2116:6th generation
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2090:5th generation
2087:
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2084:
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2069:4th generation
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2060:Prince William
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
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2038:3rd generation
2035:
2034:
2032:
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2026:
2024:Prince Charles
2021:
2015:
2013:
2012:2nd generation
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1999:
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1996:1st generation
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1992:
1987:
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1928:
1923:
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1734:
1732:, p. 568.
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1718:War in History
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792:Queen Victoria
761:denazification
744:
741:
662:Main article:
659:
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627:
624:
612:Hadamar Clinic
570:(Governor) of
536:Hermann Göring
485:
482:
478:Queen Polyxena
474:
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399:, Philipp was
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788:Louis' father
785:
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769:Deutsche Mark
766:
762:
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743:After the war
742:
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690:
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648:
643:
641:
636:
634:
633:Oberpräsident
625:
623:
619:
615:
613:
609:
605:
600:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
567:Oberpräsident
563:
558:
556:
555:
550:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
527:Schutzstaffel
523:
519:
518:Stormtroopers
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
490:
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378:Constantine I
375:
371:
367:
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362:Ăśbergangsheer
358:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
317:Realgymnasium
315:and then the
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
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267:
265:
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222:Oberpräsident
218:
214:
209:
207:
204:
200:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
156:
152:
151:Prince Moritz
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
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126:
117:
113:
110:
106:
102:
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86:
82:
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72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
2279:LGBT royalty
2259:German twins
2192:
2122:
2002:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1896:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1843:
1822:
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1712:
1693:
1672:
1660:
1641:
1616:
1607:
1581:. Retrieved
1574:
1536:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:
1448:
1424:
1150:
800:
773:
746:
717:Georg Thomas
686:
644:
637:
632:
629:
620:
616:
604:Hesse-Nassau
601:
572:Hesse-Nassau
565:
562:Adolf Hitler
559:
552:
546:
543:
525:
499:
475:
414:
394:
361:
359:
344:
325:
316:
309:Musterschule
308:
298:
271:
251:
227:Hesse-Nassau
220:
217:Adolf Hitler
210:
198:
197:
171:Hesse-Kassel
120:(1980-10-25)
29:
18:
2219:1980 deaths
2214:1896 births
2164:Prince Karl
1515:13 December
809:, in 1980.
765:time served
753:Camp Ashcan
524:joined the
415:He married
347:World War I
158:Prince Otto
60:Predecessor
2299:Pretenders
2208:Categories
1440:References
827:Iron Cross
820:Iron Cross
778:relative,
757:Luxembourg
733:Niederdorf
725:Karl Wolff
631:office as
506:Bolsheviks
290:Wilhelm II
268:Early life
213:Nazi Party
90:1896-11-06
1583:12 August
1576:Bloomberg
909:in Silver
903:in Bronze
829:1st Class
822:2nd Class
737:Dolomites
596:art agent
548:Hauptmann
544:Luftwaffe
540:Luftwaffe
522:Christoph
425:Racconigi
366:Darmstadt
313:Frankfurt
278:Offenbach
247:Wehrmacht
243:liberated
203:Electoral
101:Offenbach
70:Successor
1593:cite web
914:Ancestry
875:, c.1939
863:, c.1938
532:Wolfgang
401:bisexual
355:Wolfgang
294:Wolfgang
1480:12 July
776:agnatic
687:As the
647:Mafalda
502:Fascism
455:Hanover
442:Prince
435:Prince
351:Finland
336:Ukraine
332:Belgium
321:Potsdam
305:Germany
233:, then
109:Germany
1873:
1829:
1810:
1700:
1648:
1545:
851:c.1931
749:Naples
719:, and
689:Allies
673:Moritz
658:Rescue
626:Arrest
496:, 1933
494:Kassel
386:Berlin
370:Greece
235:Dachau
187:Mother
177:Father
135:Spouse
74:Moritz
52:Tenure
1925:Louis
1875:Died:
1868:Born:
1416:Notes
847:1931
825:1914
818:1914
807:Italy
588:NSDAP
470:Italy
429:Turin
427:near
239:Tyrol
166:House
146:Issue
129:Italy
105:Hesse
2003:none
1827:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1698:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1599:link
1585:2007
1543:ISBN
1517:2017
1482:2024
1430:here
1365:15.
1307:14.
1245:13.
1187:12.
1123:11.
1065:10.
803:Rome
786:and
679:and
466:Rome
451:Rome
390:Rome
125:Rome
115:Died
84:Born
1333:7.
1271:3.
1213:6.
1149:1.
1091:5.
1029:2.
1003:9.
971:4.
945:8.
755:in
384:in
319:in
311:in
276:in
264:.
245:by
2210::
1842:,
1762:^
1737:^
1684:^
1628:^
1595:}}
1591:{{
1573:.
1557:^
1525:^
1508:.
1490:^
1473:.
1462:^
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711:,
707:,
703:,
557:.
468:,
407:.
127:,
107:,
103:,
99:,
1981:e
1974:t
1967:v
1835:.
1816:.
1706:.
1654:.
1601:)
1587:.
1551:.
1519:.
1484:.
92:)
88:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
