274:
interpretations were very implausible, managers dismissed the small failures as idiosyncratic. Thus, ventures did not really test the validity of the core beliefs. Managers attributed all of the large failures to idiosyncratic causes that had been beyond the company's control. His recent research focuses on learning in "coopetitive" environments, where managers and R&D engineers need to learn with partners that are simultaneously competitors.
337:
academics, military commanders, State executives, the council was created by the
Presidency of the French Republic to foster strategic thinking, uniting and stimulating research in the fields of national competitiveness, defense and security. Since 2019, Professor Baumard is the director of Cnam's Security and Defence Research Laboratory SDR3C.
273:
that concluded that firms do not learn from their failures. Baumard and
Starbuck found that managers interpreted small failures as demonstrating the foolishness of attempts to deviate from the firm's core principles, but these interpretation processes tended to modernize the core beliefs. Where such
336:
is a critical capability. In 1997, he joined the School of
Economic Warfare in Paris (EGE), a branch of the privately owned ESLSCA. He was appointed president of the Scientific Council of France's National Council for Strategic Education & Research in March 2010. With 108 members ranging from
264:
in human communications. In 1997, he collaborated with Prof. Bo
Hedberg, Stockholm University, on "imaginary organizations"; this research examined how boundary-less organizations learn from their rapid growth and pitfalls. In 2000, he joined France Telecom - Orange as an in-house strategist, and
199:
in 1990, where he explored the role of informational loss in the failure of French Guinea's independence in the early 1960s. Granted the Oxford and Paris
Universities' Chancellors fellowship, he pursued his Doctoral studies at
195:. Warning readers of the potential threats to individual freedom in a network economy, Baumard described how "seeing without being seen" would become an inescapable engine of growth. He joined the History Dept of the
387:
Abrahamson E. and P. Baumard (2008) “What Lies Behind
Facades and How do Organizational Façades lie? A study of Mess, Inertia, and Fraudulence.”, pp. 437–452 in: G. Gerard P. Hodgkinson and W.H. Starbuck(Eds.),
176:
while a graduate student. This early work foresaw the rise of a global knowledge-driven economy where surveillance provides a source of capitalist gains. Baumard coined it the "neo-panoptic economy", inspired by
688:
E. Abrahamson & P. Baumard (208), "What Lies Behind
Organizational Façades and How Organizational Façades Lie: An Untold Story of Organizational Decision Making", in: G. Hodgkinson, W.H. Starbuck (Eds),
1044:
1029:
775:
Baumard P. (1996), “From
Information Warfare to Knowledge Warfare: Preparing for the Paradigm Shift”, pp. 147-160 in: Col. A.D. Campen, D.H. Dearth and R.T. Goodden (Eds.),
1059:
145:
209:
1039:
152:'s Chair on Innovation & Regulation, Paris, and president of the scientific council of France's High Council for Strategic Education and Research.
694:
644:
Baumard P. (1996), “Organizations in the Fog: An
Investigation into the Dynamics of Knowledge”, pp. 74-91 in: B. Moingeon, A. Edmondson (Eds.),
967:
Using
Machine Foreknowledge to Enhance Human Cognition - Bayesian Networks: A Practical Guide to Applications - Baumard - Wiley Online Library
395:
Baumard, P (2008), “Using Machine Foreknowledge to enhance human cognition”, pp. 365–375 in: P. Naim, O. Pourret et B. Marcot (Eds),
668:
93:
306:
982:
877:
305:
From 1992 to 1994, Baumard held the position of secretary of the Commission on Competitive Intelligence and Corporate Strategies (
205:
1024:
534:
National Innovation Laureate, "Innovation 2030", recipient in July 2014 (behavioral predictive technology for cyber-security)
423:
Turc, E. and P. Baumard (2007), "Can Organizations Really Unlearn?", pp. 125–146 in: C.R. McInerney and R.E. Day (EDS),
252:
and managerial failures. He was an early contributor to the study of tacit knowledge in organizations, stressing the role of
169:
125:
89:
324:, published by the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association. This chapter warned about the inefficiency of
621:
101:
852:
580:
329:
256:
and intuitive processes in dealing with crises and ambiguous situations. His findings led to the development of an
313:. The co-authored report was published in February 1994, and was influential in shaping France's public policy on
1034:
901:
555:
132:(MSc, 1991; Ph.D. 1994). Philippe Baumard is an organizational scientist who has held visiting professorships at
129:
467:
Baumard, P (2002). "Tacit knowledge in professional firms: the teachings of firms in very puzzling situations".
735:
729:
314:
137:
792:
349:
278:
257:
165:
71:
1054:
245:
237:
149:
85:
741:
657:"Method and system for measuring interest levels in digital messages, US Patent 20050058261, March 2005
191:
50:
1049:
144:
from 2008 to 2010. He is currently professor at the French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (
67:
796:
261:
658:
325:
266:
233:
141:
133:
97:
75:
992:
455:
403:
Starbuck, W.H.; Barnett, M.L.; Baumard, P. (2008). "Payoffs And Pitfalls Of Strategic Learning".
161:
978:
377:
environments", pp. 74–100 in: S. Yami, S. Castaldo, G. Battisto-Dagnino, F. Le Roy(Eds),
286:
265:
started research on R&D transformation and strategic turnover. In 2005, he published with
241:
970:
926:
831:
504:
495:
Baumard, P (1994). "From Noticing to Making Sense: Using Intelligence to Develop Strategy".
476:
447:
412:
201:
168:(1983) and Aix-en-Provence (1985). He studied industrial and international economics at the
1004:
778:
522:
Excellence Prize, Saint Cyr l’Ecole & Aix-En-Provence, Military Academies (1983, 1985)
213:
186:
46:
752:
178:
531:
National Innovation Laureate, Machine Learning, National Research Agency - OSEO (2013)
1018:
459:
438:
Baumard, P.; Starbuck, W.H. (2005). "Learning From Failures: Why It May Not Happen".
430:
Baumard P. and W.H. Starbuck (2006) « Is Organisational Learning a Myth »,
297:, organizational façades. He has also written eight books and co-edited three books.
35:
317:. In 1996, he contributed to the first edition of Campen, Dearth and Gooden's book:
807:
310:
282:
379:
374:
333:
290:
974:
416:
947:
528:
Ph.D. Dissertation Award, Ministry of Technology & Research, France (1994)
508:
480:
451:
425:
Rethinking Knowledge Management: From Knowledge Objects to Knowledge Processes
294:
249:
182:
728:
See: Janie Smith & Leila Kossou, p. 79 "The Emergence and Uniqueness of
525:
Oxford and Sorbonne Universities' Chancellors Ph.D. Fellowship (1991–1993)
856:
584:
319:
221:
559:
808:"From InfoWar to Knowledge Warfare: Preparing for the Paradigm Shift"
217:
121:
332:, and advocated for a shift towards "knowledge warfare", where fast
669:
See UK Advanced Institute of Management Research Executive Briefing
905:
253:
196:
117:
216:
and unlearning in crisis situations; it focused on executives in
705:
497:
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence
606:
Strategie et surveillance des environnements concurrentiels
581:"High Council for Strategic Education & Research page"
753:"Rethinking the Application of Power in the 21st Century"
322:: Security, Strategy and Conflict in the Information Age
556:"See Management Research Center at Ecole Polytechnique"
782:, Fairfax, Virginia : AFCEA International Press.
691:
The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Decision Making
390:
The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Decision Making
174:
Strategy and Surveillance of Competitive Environments
619:
Pechiney: half-a-century of intelligences: 1940-1990
397:
Bayesian Networks: A Practical Guide to Applications
212:(93-94). His PhD dissertation addressed the role of
197:
French School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences
1045:
New York University Stern School of Business alumni
81:
63:
42:
28:
21:
927:"Intelligence Ă©conomique - EGE - Philippe BAUMARD"
832:"Intelligence Ă©conomique - EGE - Philippe BAUMARD"
777:Cyberwar: Security, Strategy and Conflict in the
646:Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage
617:published by the Institute for Aluminum History,
434:, London: Economic & Social Research Council.
795:and the Knowledge Edge", DSTO-TR-0997, p. 10:
487:Hedberg, B, Baumard P. and A. Yakhlef (2002),
1030:Stanford Graduate School of Education faculty
405:Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
260:engine that aims at replicating implicit and
8:
210:New York University Stern School of Business
160:Baumard received his early education at the
384:: Northampton, MA: Edward Edgar Publishing.
277:Baumard has published over 80 articles on
18:
432:Advanced Institute of Management Research
382:: Winning strategies for the 21st century
289:, machine learning, information warfare,
399:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons
547:
1060:University of the Mediterranean alumni
1000:
990:
902:"CRG - Centre de Recherche en Gestion"
537:National Order of Merit, France (2010)
357:ESLSCA School of Economic Warfare page
128:(BA industrial economics, 1990), and
7:
232:Baumard's areas of interest include
1040:Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford
878:"cergam Resources and Information"
94:University of California, Berkeley
14:
853:"Composition of the full Council"
635:, London : Sage Publications
346:University of Aix-Marseille page:
328:policies based on the control of
633:Tacit Knowledge in Organizations
489:Managing Imaginary Organizations
206:University of Technology, Sydney
172:, and published his first book,
469:Journal of Knowledge Management
373:Baumard P. (2010) "Learning in
170:University of Aix-Marseille II
140:, Berkeley from 2004 to 2007,
126:University of Aix-Marseille II
90:University of Aix-Marseille II
1:
491:, Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
648:, London: Sage Publications.
427:, Bloomington, IN: Springer.
307:Commissariat général du Plan
309:) during the presidency of
148:), associate-researcher at
124:, 1968) graduated from the
102:University of Aix-Marseille
1076:
975:10.1002/9780470994559.ch21
965:Baumard, Philippe (2008).
791:"Information Superiority,
693:, Oxford University Press
417:10.1016/j.jebo.2007.02.003
392:, Oxford University Press.
330:information infrastructure
948:"Philippe Baumard patent"
509:10.1080/08850609408435236
481:10.1108/13673270210424666
452:10.1016/j.lrp.2005.03.004
354:École Polytechnique page:
130:Paris Dauphine University
107:
56:
736:Competitive Intelligence
730:Competitive Intelligence
315:competitive intelligence
138:University of California
793:Network Centric Warfare
631:See Baumard P. (1999),
350:Economic Warfare School
279:organizational learning
258:artificial intelligence
72:Organizational Behavior
517:Awards and recognition
363:French Knowledge entry
1025:Innovation economists
368:Selected publications
360:US Patent description
204:(91-92), Oxford, the
192:Discipline and Punish
969:. pp. 365–375.
740:, 4(3), 2008, p. 79
246:managerial cognition
238:competitive dynamics
156:Education and career
68:Strategic Management
710:www.vie-publique.fr
604:Baumard P. (1991),
440:Long Range Planning
326:information warfare
271:Long Range Planning
267:William H. Starbuck
234:organization theory
150:École Polytechnique
142:Stanford University
136:from 1997 to 1998,
134:New York University
114:Philippe N. Baumard
98:Stanford University
86:École Polytechnique
76:Organization Theory
162:Military Academies
51:Strategic Learning
287:business strategy
242:implicit learning
224:, and Indosuez.
166:Saint-Cyr-l'École
111:
110:
58:Scientific career
1067:
1035:French academics
1009:
1008:
1002:
998:
996:
988:
962:
956:
955:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
904:. Archived from
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
855:. Archived from
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
804:
798:
789:
783:
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
749:
743:
726:
720:
719:
717:
716:
702:
696:
686:
680:
677:
671:
666:
660:
655:
649:
642:
636:
629:
623:
615:
609:
602:
596:
595:
593:
592:
583:. Archived from
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
558:. Archived from
552:
512:
484:
463:
420:
202:Nuffield College
23:Philippe Baumard
19:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
999:
989:
985:
964:
963:
959:
946:
945:
941:
932:
930:
925:
924:
920:
911:
909:
900:
899:
895:
886:
884:
882:ww16.cergam.org
876:
875:
871:
862:
860:
851:
850:
846:
837:
835:
830:
829:
825:
816:
814:
806:
805:
801:
790:
786:
779:Information Age
774:
770:
761:
759:
751:
750:
746:
727:
723:
714:
712:
704:
703:
699:
687:
683:
678:
674:
667:
663:
656:
652:
643:
639:
630:
626:
616:
612:
608:, Paris: Masson
603:
599:
590:
588:
579:
578:
574:
565:
563:
554:
553:
549:
544:
519:
494:
466:
437:
402:
370:
343:
303:
230:
214:tacit knowledge
187:Michel Foucault
158:
100:
96:
92:
88:
74:
70:
49:
47:Tacit Knowledge
38:
33:
24:
17:
16:French academic
12:
11:
5:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1001:|journal=
983:
957:
952:www.google.com
939:
918:
893:
869:
844:
823:
812:penta.ufrgs.br
799:
784:
768:
744:
738:and Management
721:
697:
681:
672:
661:
650:
637:
624:
610:
597:
572:
546:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
518:
515:
514:
513:
492:
485:
475:(2): 135–151.
464:
446:(3): 281–298.
435:
428:
421:
400:
393:
385:
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
347:
342:
341:External links
339:
302:
299:
269:an article in
262:tacit learning
229:
226:
179:Jeremy Bentham
157:
154:
109:
108:
105:
104:
83:
79:
78:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
44:
43:Known for
40:
39:
34:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1072:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Living people
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1006:
994:
986:
984:9780470994559
980:
976:
972:
968:
961:
958:
953:
949:
943:
940:
928:
922:
919:
908:on 2010-12-12
907:
903:
897:
894:
883:
879:
873:
870:
859:on 2010-12-13
858:
854:
848:
845:
833:
827:
824:
813:
809:
803:
800:
797:
794:
788:
785:
781:
780:
772:
769:
758:
754:
748:
745:
742:
739:
737:
731:
725:
722:
711:
707:
701:
698:
695:
692:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
665:
662:
659:
654:
651:
647:
641:
638:
634:
628:
625:
622:
620:
614:
611:
607:
601:
598:
587:on 2010-12-13
586:
582:
576:
573:
562:on 2010-12-12
561:
557:
551:
548:
541:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
520:
516:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
398:
394:
391:
386:
383:
381:
376:
372:
371:
367:
362:
359:
356:
353:
351:
348:
345:
344:
340:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
321:
316:
312:
308:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:(92-93), and
207:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
37:
36:Paris, France
31:
27:
20:
966:
960:
951:
942:
931:. Retrieved
921:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
896:
885:. Retrieved
881:
872:
861:. Retrieved
857:the original
847:
836:. Retrieved
826:
815:. Retrieved
811:
802:
787:
776:
771:
760:. Retrieved
756:
747:
733:
724:
713:. Retrieved
709:
700:
690:
684:
675:
664:
653:
645:
640:
632:
627:
618:
613:
605:
600:
589:. Retrieved
585:the original
575:
564:. Retrieved
560:the original
550:
503:(1): 29–73.
500:
496:
488:
472:
468:
443:
439:
431:
424:
408:
404:
396:
389:
378:
318:
311:Henri Martre
304:
283:intelligence
276:
270:
231:
190:
173:
159:
113:
112:
82:Institutions
57:
1050:1968 births
757:irp.fas.org
734:Journal of
732:in France,
380:Coopetition
375:coopetitive
334:sensemaking
291:forecasting
1019:Categories
933:2010-11-21
912:2010-11-22
887:2024-03-17
863:2010-11-20
838:2010-11-21
817:2024-03-17
762:2024-03-17
715:2024-03-17
591:2010-11-20
566:2010-11-22
301:Government
295:perception
250:innovation
183:panopticon
1003:ignored (
993:cite book
460:154803489
116:(born in
929:. Ege.fr
834:. Ege.fr
411:: 7–21.
320:Cyberwar
228:Research
222:Pechiney
981:
706:"Home"
458:
218:Qantas
185:, and
122:France
64:Fields
542:Notes
456:S2CID
254:tacit
118:Paris
1005:help
979:ISBN
244:and
146:CNAM
32:1968
29:Born
971:doi
505:doi
477:doi
448:doi
413:doi
293:,
189:'s
181:'s
164:of
1021::
997::
995:}}
991:{{
977:.
950:.
880:.
810:.
755:.
708:.
499:.
471:.
454:.
444:38
442:.
409:66
407:.
285:,
281:,
248:,
240:,
236:,
220:,
120:,
1007:)
987:.
973::
954:.
936:.
915:.
890:.
866:.
841:.
820:.
765:.
718:.
594:.
569:.
511:.
507::
501:7
483:.
479::
473:6
462:.
450::
419:.
415::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.