108:
331:— are extant. These were openings of Demosthenes' speeches, collected by Callimachus for the Library of Alexandria, and preserved in several of the manuscripts that contain Demosthenes' speeches. The passages vary somewhat in length, though most are about one page or slightly less. The majority of the prologues bear no relation to Demosthenes' other extant speeches (only five correspond closely to the beginnings of five of Demosthenes' Assembly speeches), but we have only seventeen public orations by him. The topics that arise vary considerably, and there is no apparent order. The prologues give us insights into the Athenians' attitude to their democracy as well as to the reactions and even expectations of an audience at an Assembly. Callimachus believed that Demosthenes composed them, as also did
31:
350:
Six letters are written under
Demosthenes' name, but their authorship has been fiercely debated. J.A. Goldstein regards Demosthenes's letters as authentic apologetic letters that were addressed to the Athenian assembly and asserts that "whether the letters had a spurious origin as propaganda or as
136:
period. From then until the fourth century AD copies of his orations multiplied at a time when
Demosthenes was deemed the most important writer in the rhetorical world and every serious student of rhetoric needed access to his writings. Texts of his speeches were in a relatively good position to
351:
rhetorical fictions, the aim of the author would be to present a defense of
Demosthenes' career, a simulated self-defense". Ostensibly, the first four were written by Demosthenes during his exile in 323 BC, the fifth in his youth, and the sixth during the
131:
was responsible for producing the catalogue of all the volumes contained in the
Library. Demosthenes' speeches were incorporated into the body of classical Greek literature that was preserved, catalogued and studied by scholars of the
291:
Finally, one of the works which was transmitted as part of the
Demosthenic corpus makes no claim to have been written by Demosthenes. This is number 12, the "Epistle of Philip", which claims to be the letter from
107:
123:
Demosthenes must have written down and put into circulation most of his orations. In the next generation after his death, texts of his speeches survived in at least two places: Athens and the
284:", for instance, is now generally accepted to be authentic. Still other speeches have been generally considered authentic but have had some sections considered to be later additions. The "
269:", must have been composed by someone other than Demosthenes, as he would have been too young at the time they were composed. Similarly, "virtually everyone" believes that "
140:
Scholars have recorded 258 Byzantine manuscripts of
Demosthenes' speeches and 21 of extracts. Modern editions of these speeches are based on four of these manuscripts:
1035:
288:", for instance, contains text which does not appear in all of the manuscript traditions; it has been suggested that this was a later addition by another writer.
63:. His orations constitute the last significant expression of Athenian intellectual prowess and provide a thorough insight into the politics and culture of
156:
edition was based on three manuscripts of the same family as F, though not on F itself; so the customary order of the speeches is of this family.
690:, 289: "No imitator could perfectly imitate Demosthenes in style and substance while excluding all inappropriate or anachronistic elements."
34:
The Logoi, the famous speeches by
Demosthenes, in a 1570 edition, in Greek surrounded by Greek commentary, amongst other works of the period.
1028:
666:
280:
At the other end of the spectrum, some works which have been doubted are now generally considered to be authentic. The third speech "
973:
954:
935:
916:
888:
865:
821:
802:
752:
1364:
1338:
1021:
91:
acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" and the one who "has pre-eminence over all others" ("inter omnes unus excellat"), while
1119:
1225:
1260:
1129:
76:
72:
1280:
857:
257:, for instance, are widely considered to have been written by Apollodoros himself, though the first speech "
254:
230:
220:
1305:
1265:
1170:
1124:
210:
200:
1290:
1220:
964:
Yunis, Harvey (1996). "Appendix II: The
Authenticity of Demosthenes' Collection of Demegoric Preambles".
266:
1315:
1245:
1240:
1200:
1195:
124:
1310:
1300:
1270:
1250:
270:
1285:
1275:
1210:
1104:
262:
1230:
1205:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1150:
1109:
1099:
297:
281:
1295:
907:
Worthington, Ian (2004). "Oral
Performance in the Athenian Assembly and the Demosthenic Prooemia".
274:
84:
1175:
1114:
339:. Modern scholars are divided: Some of them reject them, while others believe they were genuine.
116:
1255:
1165:
1084:
1079:
969:
950:
931:
912:
884:
861:
817:
798:
748:
301:
293:
258:
1155:
1094:
1074:
1235:
1160:
1089:
1064:
285:
247:
178:), which includes twenty-nine speeches (1-21, 23, 22, 24-26, 59, 61 and 60 in that order).
30:
777:
Zur
Genealogie der Jungeren Demostheneshandschriften: Untersuchungen an den Reden 8 und 9
17:
1320:
877:
849:
764:
64:
60:
42:
193:) but includes the 60 speeches. A facsimile of the codex was published in 1892-93, in
1358:
332:
80:
1343:
1215:
1145:
1069:
167:), which includes fifty-four speeches. Those omitted are 12, 45, 46, 52, 60 and 61.
153:
1013:
996:
246:
The authorship of many of the works attributed to Demosthenes have been disputed.
1044:
133:
128:
38:
990:
1330:
1059:
352:
92:
784:
Kalitsounakis, Ioannis (1952). "Demosthenes". In Ioannis D. Passias (ed.).
261:" has been considered authentic by many scholars. Of these, at least two, "
253:
Some works are almost universally rejected. Most of the speeches given by
669:
recognized parts of Athenian speeches of the third century BC (R. Sealey,
1007:
336:
323:
189:) considered to be the most reliable by many scholars. It omits item 12 (
250:, for instance, accepted only 29 of Demosthenes' speeches as genuine.
88:
56:
52:
137:
survive the tense period from the sixth until the ninth century AD.
1001:
194:
106:
152:), including the sixty-one orations, which finally survived. The
1017:
46:
1010:(public domain audiobooks) (in English & Portuguese)
909:
Oral Performance and its Context edited by C.J. MacKie
852:(1993). "The Transmission of the Demosthenic Corpus".
296:
to the people of Athens to which Demosthenes 11, the "
788:(in Greek). Athens: Encyclopedic Review "The Helios".
304:
believes that this is authentically Philip's letter.
466:, 95-99) and defended by Hermann Wankel (R. Sealey,
1329:
1138:
1052:
928:
Demosthenes, Speeches 60 And 61, Prologues, Letters
900:
Biography of Demosthenes in "Demosthenes' Orations"
876:
763:
127:(early-mid third century BC). During this period,
79:recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest
312:Fifty-six passages bearing the collective title
842:Demosthenes und seine Zeit — Third Volume
736:Die Attische Beredsamkeit — Third Volume
1029:
8:
854:Demosthenes and His Time: A Study in Defeat
233:, a second- or third-century manuscript of
1036:
1022:
1014:
779:(in German). Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
997:Works of Demosthenes at Project Gutenberg
592:
590:
581:
569:
557:
545:
533:
521:
509:
29:
902:. Papyros (from the Greek translation).
363:
945:Yunis, Harvey (2001). "Introduction".
926:Worthington, Ian (2006). "Prologues".
429:
427:
425:
423:
462:has been challenged by Dieter Irmer (
7:
483:, 958; Maurenbrecher-Wagner-Freund,
27:Intellectually aggressive logography
1226:Against Nausimachus and Xenopeithes
814:Ancient Rhetoric and Paul's Apology
701:Ancient Rhetoric and Paul's Apology
51:; 384–322 BC) was a prominent
793:Kapparis, Konstantinos A. (1999).
747:. University of California Press.
667:Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
25:
223:, a second-century manuscript of
213:, a second-century manuscript of
203:, a third-century manuscript of
762:Goldstein, Jonathan A. (1968).
273:" was written and delivered by
181:The tenth- or eleventh-century
170:The tenth- or eleventh-century
159:The tenth- or eleventh-century
1261:Against Evergus and Mnesibulus
1120:On the Liberty of the Rhodians
993:- links to online translations
949:. Cambridge University Press.
883:. Cambridge University Press.
816:. Cambridge University Press.
734:Blass, Friedrich (1887–1898).
1:
1339:Demosthenes's Funeral Oration
1130:On the Accession of Alexander
930:. University of Texas Press.
911:. Brill Academic Publishers.
99:("the standard of oratory").
968:. Cornell University Press.
770:. Columbia University Press.
500:, III, 111, 178, 247 and 257
991:The Speeches of Demosthenes
844:(in German). B. G. Teubner.
738:(in German). B. G. Teubner.
665:, 957. In prologues 54-55,
1381:
835:. Oxford University Press.
812:Long, Fredrick J. (2004).
795:Apollodoros Against Neaira
766:The Letters of Demosthenes
718:The Letters of Demosthenes
686:, 3.1, 281-287; H. Yunis,
498:Demosthenes und seine Zeit
456:Apollodoros against Neaira
47:
947:Demosthenes: On the Crown
840:Schaefer, Arnold (1885).
743:Gibson, Graig A. (2002).
684:Die Attische Beredsamkeit
458:, 62. The preference for
415:Demosthenes: On the Crown
277:rather than Demosthenes.
161:Monacensis Augustanus 485
77:Aristarchus of Samothrace
73:Aristophanes of Byzantium
1181:Against Aristogeiton 1-2
831:MacDowell, D.M. (2009).
671:Demosthenes and His Time
468:Demosthenes and His Time
435:Demosthenes and His Time
402:Biography of Demosthenes
18:Philippics (Demosthenes)
1365:Speeches by Demosthenes
1281:On the Trierarcic Crown
879:Greek and Latin Letters
875:Trapp, Michael (2003).
858:Oxford University Press
705:Greek and Latin Letters
329:preambles, also Exordia
231:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 231
221:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 230
1125:For the Megalopolitans
833:Demosthenes the Orator
775:Irmer, Dieter (1972).
745:Interpreting a Classic
452:Interpreting a Classic
211:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 26
201:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 25
120:
35:
1256:Against Stephanos 1-2
1186:Against Aphobus 1-2-3
797:. Walter de Gruyter.
146:Venetus Marcianus 416
125:Library of Alexandria
119:1377, 1st century BCE
110:
33:
1306:Against Dionysodorus
1266:Against Olympiodorus
1171:Against Aristocrates
1151:On the False Embassy
1003:Works of Demosthenes
898:Weil, Henri (1975).
454:, 1; K.A. Kapparis,
450:, 958; C.A. Gibson,
103:Manuscript tradition
1291:Against Nicostratus
1231:Against Boeotus 1-2
1221:Against Pantaenetus
1191:Against Ontenor 1-2
359:Citations and notes
318:prooimia dēmēgorika
267:Against Nicostratus
215:Prooimia Demegorica
1316:Against Theocrines
1246:Against Macartatus
1241:Against Phaenippus
1201:Against Apatourius
1196:Against Zenothemis
1176:Against Timocrates
1115:On the Navy Boards
661:I. Kalitsounakis,
479:I. Kalitsounakis,
446:I. Kalitsounakis,
300:", is a response.
144:The tenth-century
121:
36:
1352:
1351:
1311:Against Eubulides
1301:Against Callicles
1271:Against Timotheus
1251:Against Leochares
1166:Against Androtion
1085:On the Chersonese
1080:On the Halonnesus
302:Douglas MacDowell
294:Philip of Macedon
271:On the Halonessus
259:Against Stephanos
69:Alexandrian Canon
16:(Redirected from
1372:
1286:Against Callipus
1276:Against Polycles
1211:Against Lacritus
1156:Against Leptines
1095:Fourth Philippic
1075:Second Philippic
1060:Olynthiacs 1-2-3
1038:
1031:
1024:
1015:
979:
966:Taming Democracy
960:
941:
922:
903:
894:
882:
871:
845:
836:
827:
808:
789:
780:
771:
769:
758:
739:
721:
716:J.A. Goldstein,
714:
708:
703:, 102; M. Trap,
697:
691:
688:Taming Democracy
680:
674:
659:
653:
650:Oral Performance
648:I. Worthington,
646:
640:
635:I. Worthington,
633:
627:
624:Taming Democracy
620:
614:
611:Taming Democracy
607:
601:
596:I. Worthington,
594:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
519:
513:
512:, pp. 48–50
507:
501:
494:
488:
477:
471:
444:
438:
431:
418:
411:
405:
398:
392:
385:
379:
368:
263:Against Callipus
95:extolled him as
50:
49:
21:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1325:
1236:Against Spudias
1206:Against Phormio
1161:Against Meidias
1134:
1110:On Organisation
1100:Reply to Philip
1090:Third Philippic
1065:First Philippic
1048:
1042:
987:
982:
976:
963:
957:
944:
938:
925:
919:
906:
897:
891:
874:
868:
850:Sealey, Raphael
848:
839:
830:
824:
811:
805:
792:
783:
774:
761:
755:
742:
733:
729:
724:
715:
711:
698:
694:
681:
677:
660:
656:
647:
643:
634:
630:
621:
617:
608:
604:
595:
588:
580:
576:
568:
564:
556:
552:
544:
540:
532:
528:
520:
516:
508:
504:
495:
491:
478:
474:
445:
441:
432:
421:
412:
408:
399:
395:
386:
382:
369:
365:
361:
348:
342:
310:
298:Reply to Philip
286:Third Philippic
282:Against Aphobos
248:Arnold Schaefer
244:
191:Philip's Letter
105:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1321:Against Neaera
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1011:
999:
994:
986:
985:External links
983:
981:
980:
974:
961:
955:
942:
936:
923:
917:
904:
895:
889:
872:
866:
846:
837:
828:
822:
809:
803:
790:
781:
772:
759:
753:
740:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:
709:
692:
675:
654:
641:
628:
615:
602:
586:
582:MacDowell 2009
574:
570:MacDowell 2009
562:
558:MacDowell 2009
550:
546:MacDowell 2009
538:
534:MacDowell 2009
526:
514:
502:
489:
472:
464:Zur Genealogie
439:
419:
406:
393:
380:
362:
360:
357:
347:
344:
309:
306:
243:
240:
239:
238:
228:
218:
208:
198:
197:, by H. Omont.
183:Parisinus 2934
179:
172:Parisinus 2935
168:
157:
104:
101:
65:ancient Greece
61:ancient Athens
55:statesman and
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Against Conon
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:
984:
977:
975:0-8014-8358-1
971:
967:
962:
958:
956:0-521-62930-6
952:
948:
943:
939:
937:0-292-71332-0
933:
929:
924:
920:
918:90-04-13680-0
914:
910:
905:
901:
896:
892:
890:0-521-49943-7
886:
881:
880:
873:
869:
867:0-19-507928-0
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
829:
825:
823:0-521-84233-6
819:
815:
810:
806:
804:3-11-016390-X
800:
796:
791:
787:
782:
778:
773:
768:
767:
760:
756:
754:0-520-22956-8
750:
746:
741:
737:
732:
731:
726:
719:
713:
710:
706:
702:
696:
693:
689:
685:
679:
676:
672:
668:
664:
658:
655:
651:
645:
642:
638:
632:
629:
625:
619:
616:
612:
606:
603:
599:
593:
591:
587:
584:, p. 366
583:
578:
575:
572:, p. 363
571:
566:
563:
560:, p. 353
559:
554:
551:
547:
542:
539:
536:, p. 344
535:
530:
527:
523:
522:Kapparis 1999
518:
515:
511:
510:Kapparis 1999
506:
503:
499:
496:A. Schaefer,
493:
490:
486:
482:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
443:
440:
436:
430:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
410:
407:
403:
397:
394:
390:
389:Institutiones
387:Quintillian,
384:
381:
377:
373:
367:
364:
358:
356:
354:
345:
343:
340:
338:
334:
333:Julius Pollux
330:
326:
325:
319:
315:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
289:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
241:
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:
141:
138:
135:
130:
126:
118:
114:
111:Demosthenes,
109:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:Attic orators
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
44:
40:
32:
19:
1344:Erotic Essay
1216:For Phormion
1146:On the Crown
1070:On the Peace
1002:
965:
946:
927:
908:
899:
878:
853:
841:
832:
813:
794:
785:
776:
765:
744:
735:
717:
712:
704:
700:
695:
687:
683:
678:
670:
662:
657:
649:
644:
636:
631:
623:
618:
610:
605:
597:
577:
565:
553:
548:, p. 46
541:
529:
524:, p. 49
517:
505:
497:
492:
484:
480:
475:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
434:
414:
409:
401:
396:
388:
383:
375:
371:
366:
349:
341:
328:
322:(demegoric)
321:
317:
313:
311:
290:
279:
252:
245:
234:
224:
214:
204:
190:
186:
182:
175:
171:
164:
160:
149:
145:
139:
122:
112:
96:
85:logographers
71:compiled by
68:
37:
1047:'s orations
1045:Demosthenes
699:F.J. Long,
663:Demosthenes
637:Demosthenes
598:Demosthenes
481:Demosthenes
448:Demosthenes
433:R. Sealey,
255:Apollodoros
134:Hellenistic
129:Callimachus
39:Demosthenes
1331:Epideictic
786:The Helios
727:References
682:F. Blass,
622:H. Yunis,
609:H. Yunis,
413:H. Yunis,
391:, X, 1, 76
353:Lamian War
320:) —
275:Hegesippus
242:Authorship
97:lex orandi
93:Quintilian
48:Δημοσθένης
1053:Political
485:Grundzüge
400:H. Weil,
324:prologues
308:Prologues
235:De Corona
225:De Corona
205:De Corona
115:167–169.
113:De Corona
1359:Category
1139:Judicial
1008:LibriVox
370:Cicero,
337:Stobaeus
314:prooimia
185:(called
174:(called
163:(called
148:(called
673:, 221).
470:, 222).
346:Letters
265:" and "
117:P. Oxy.
1105:Philip
972:
953:
934:
915:
887:
864:
820:
801:
751:
376:Orator
374:, 35;
372:Brutus
154:Aldine
89:Cicero
67:. The
57:orator
652:, 135
626:, 287
613:, 287
487:, 176
437:, 222
195:Paris
53:Greek
43:Greek
970:ISBN
951:ISBN
932:ISBN
913:ISBN
885:ISBN
862:ISBN
818:ISBN
799:ISBN
749:ISBN
720:, 93
707:, 12
639:, 56
600:, 57
417:, 28
404:, 66
378:II.6
335:and
316:(or
83:and
75:and
1006:at
327:or
59:of
1361::
860:.
856:.
589:^
422:^
355:.
87:.
45::
1037:e
1030:t
1023:v
978:.
959:.
940:.
921:.
893:.
870:.
826:.
807:.
757:.
460:S
237:.
227:;
217:;
207:;
187:S
176:Y
165:A
150:F
41:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
