1670:
95:
87:
2292:
1215:
2316:
2304:
435:. Luzon is not bisected E-W, and illustrations showing anything similar are erroneous. Northern Luzon is integral with southern Luzon. Any suggestion that Northern Luzon is not part of the Philippine Mobile Belt is not borne out by the detailed fault mapping of Pinet and Stephan (1989), and others. A common tectonic plate illustration for the Philippines is incorrect in this regard.
36:
2328:
422:– South of Mindanao Island in the Moluccas Sea. Subducting into 2 directions: to the East and to the West. This double-vergent subduction causes consequently the convergence/collision of the 2 corresponding active volcanic arcs. Start of collision in Upper Miocene. Corresponding arcs, the Sangihe and Halmahera, are presently separated by at least 100 km.
394:– 400 km-long island dominated by mountain ranges. Represents an active orogenic belt resulting from the collision of the western edge of the Philippine Sea Plate where the Luzon arc has developed, with the continental margin of Eurasia. Start of collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the Philippine Sea Plate 4 Ma (
448:, Central Cordillera of Luzon, Bicol and Catanduanes Island blocks. In the Central Philippines four principal blocks have been identified: Panay, Mindoro, Cebu and Bohol. In Mindanao six principal blocks have been identified: Pacific Cordillera, Surigao, Pujada peninsular, Central Cordillera of Mindanao, Daguma range and Zamboanga.
443:
The composition of the
Philippine Mobile Belt is generally interpreted as a collage of a large variety of blocks or terrane of diverse origin amalgamated before collision with the Eurasian margin. Seven principal blocks have been identified in Luzon: the Sierra Madre Oriental, Angat,
1669:
697:
Galgana, G.A.; Hamburger, M.W.; McCaffrey, R.; Bacolcol, T.C.; Aurelio, M.A. (December 1, 2007). "Modeling the
Philippine Mobile Belt: Tectonic blocks in a deforming plate boundary zone".
1310:
1143:
224:
plateau of the South China Sea basin. The
Palawan/Calamian arm was also known in 1981 as the Palawan block and Palawan microcontinent, and in 1989 as the Palawan Micro-Block.
662:
516:
In
Mindanao, interpretation of the age of these rocks is further complicated by their petrographic diversity. Sajona and others (1993) analyzed Pliocene-Pleistocene
1540:
1315:
290:, which is itself part of the elongated zone of convergence extending north through the Philippines into Taiwan. Within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone, the
1435:
1305:
1273:
1268:
2366:
1530:
1136:
970:
Polve, Mireille; Maury, Rene; Jego, Sebastien; Bellon, Jerve; Margoum, Ahmed; Yumul, Graciano; Payot, Betchaida; Tamayo, Rodolfo; Cotten, Joseph (2007).
536:
The distribution of
Philippine Pliocene-Quaternary volcanoes generally reflects the activity along subduction zones presently bounding the archipelago.
1592:
1525:
1231:
408:– Southern termination of the Manila Trench. North Palawan Block enters into collision with the central portion of the Philippine Mobile Belt within
2690:
673:
2668:
1363:
1285:
94:
3311:
1535:
1451:
1223:
1129:
1368:
1300:
1263:
1241:
2344:
3321:
1515:
1358:
1295:
1164:
2217:
2593:
1290:
1256:
1557:
1552:
1468:
1353:
1343:
1278:
1246:
1236:
1089:
1069:
1038:
1018:
957:
936:
915:
895:
875:
854:
834:
813:
793:
773:
752:
731:
71:
2473:
1348:
1251:
158:
46:
2503:
1338:
2508:
2359:
1497:
972:"Temporal Geochemical Evolution of Neogene Magmatism in the Baguio Gold-Copper Mining District (Northern Luzon, Philippines)"
509:
In
Visayas, oldest known magmatic rocks in the Philippines are found in Cebu Island, where dioritic rocks have been dated at
3301:
1585:
1510:
1050:
2907:
2897:
2683:
1520:
1458:
1333:
1189:
1152:
3142:
2912:
1547:
1214:
2580:
3326:
2814:
2513:
2493:
2332:
1939:
1505:
1446:
339:
335:
287:
265:
150:
2352:
1979:
1463:
2598:
260:
the
Philippine Mobile Belt. The continuity of the Philippine-East Luzon Trench is interrupted and displaced by
3306:
2320:
1578:
3235:
3255:
3240:
216:
marks the boundary of the Sulu micro-block with the Sulu Sea basin and the
Palawan micro-block. The inactive
3316:
2922:
2676:
2538:
2375:
2308:
2212:
2039:
1874:
1834:
1766:
1678:
1609:
1194:
520:
rocks in
Zamboanga Peninsula and mention a possible association with activity along the Philippine Fault in
432:
379:
127:
3270:
3220:
3153:
3148:
2533:
2265:
2227:
2222:
98:
Puerto
Princesa Subterranean River National Park marker describing the geologic history of the Philippines
3230:
3180:
3137:
2927:
1632:
445:
134:
or microplates which have been shorn off the adjoining major plates are undergoing massive deformation.
3275:
3200:
3225:
3117:
3331:
3205:
3091:
2963:
2902:
2865:
2850:
2804:
2737:
2657:
2418:
2170:
2140:
2062:
2052:
1999:
1994:
1934:
1839:
1799:
1736:
1659:
1649:
1204:
706:
315:
257:
146:
111:
3215:
3185:
3070:
3060:
3055:
3009:
217:
3245:
3175:
3127:
3065:
2255:
2024:
1789:
1102:
457:
272:
201:
3260:
3050:
3045:
2968:
3210:
3122:
2999:
2270:
2260:
2205:
2185:
2180:
2077:
1869:
1726:
993:
543:
398:) involving a change in the direction of its movement from a northerly to a northwesterly motion.
375:
299:
170:
166:
3250:
3195:
3107:
3086:
3040:
1924:
3132:
3112:
3019:
3014:
2860:
2819:
2641:
2518:
2190:
2155:
1989:
1929:
1919:
1879:
1814:
1085:
1065:
1034:
1014:
953:
932:
911:
891:
871:
850:
830:
809:
789:
769:
748:
727:
579:
412:
times after cessation of the accretion of South China Sea oceanic crust between 32 and 17 Ma (
367:
363:
291:
253:
249:
123:
486:
age of the arc is well constrained stratigraphically as well as radiometrically. Most of the
2947:
2711:
2572:
2478:
2195:
1894:
1779:
1637:
983:
513:(Walther and others, 1981), similar rocks have been recognized in neighboring Bohol Island.
510:
197:
193:
2989:
2917:
2889:
2870:
2809:
2799:
2752:
2724:
2699:
2461:
2433:
2400:
2237:
2200:
2135:
2122:
2019:
1854:
1849:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1701:
1622:
1601:
1419:
565:
241:
221:
710:
86:
3280:
3190:
2942:
2875:
2732:
2703:
2613:
2585:
2568:
2387:
2296:
2160:
2112:
2067:
2029:
1984:
1884:
1824:
1774:
1706:
1627:
1399:
678:
487:
351:
280:
261:
107:
17:
3295:
3004:
2994:
2824:
2715:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2608:
2558:
2553:
2523:
2498:
2483:
2446:
2441:
2423:
2413:
2408:
2391:
2275:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2057:
1974:
1944:
1914:
1899:
1889:
1864:
1859:
1756:
1731:
1691:
1686:
1654:
1617:
1184:
997:
988:
971:
553:
462:
403:
355:
343:
311:
295:
237:
233:
131:
119:
506:
intrusive and volcanic rocks related to eastward subduction from the Manila Trench.
212:. They are not part of the Philippine Mobile Belt but are in collision with it. The
2973:
2959:
2932:
2603:
2528:
2488:
2291:
2165:
2047:
1969:
1964:
1949:
1829:
1819:
1746:
1741:
1716:
1642:
521:
483:
3265:
3024:
2855:
2845:
2829:
2767:
2742:
2548:
2543:
2250:
2245:
2175:
2150:
2145:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1954:
1909:
1904:
1844:
1809:
1751:
1721:
1711:
1696:
1424:
1409:
1394:
1389:
1177:
1172:
1156:
559:
371:
323:
276:
245:
213:
209:
154:
138:
115:
1121:
2707:
2383:
2130:
2087:
525:
498:
rocks also occur. In the Central Cordillera of Luzon, intrusive rocks include
331:
327:
2465:
2379:
2102:
1404:
1384:
499:
479:
413:
319:
264:
on the Philippine Sea Plate, which collided and is still colliding with the
358:
South China sea oceanic crust occurs at the Manila Trench. Subduction of
1473:
1414:
582:
formed by tectonic processes. Here are the following sedimentary basins:
395:
205:
517:
503:
491:
409:
189:
495:
359:
220:
marks the subduction boundary between the Palawan microblock and the
173:
and South China. The Philippine Mobile Belt has also been called the
162:
1570:
1486:
1479:
549:
East-Philippine Volcanic Arc associated with the Philippine Trench
145:, are part of the Philippine Mobile Belt, which is bounded by the
142:
950:
Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes
929:
Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes
889:
Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes
745:
Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes
347:
2672:
2348:
1574:
1125:
334:
magmatic arcs. These magmatic arcs are exposed in the western
271:
To the north the Philippine Mobile Belt ends in Taiwan, where
29:
275:
portions of the Luzon Arc and Luzon forearc form the eastern
431:
The island of Luzon is bisected by the braided N-S trending
161:
to the west and north-west. To the north it ends in eastern
45:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
294:
has been totally subsumed by the arc-arc collision of the
286:
To the south the Philippine Mobile Belt terminates in the
106:
is a complex portion of the tectonic boundary between the
90:
Major physiographic elements of the Philippine Mobile Belt
232:
The Philippine Mobile Belt is bounded on the west by the
208:
are the tops of two protruding north-eastern arms of the
382:
is associated with the northward movement of the belt.
53:
540:
Five distinct volcanic belts can be defined, namely:
248:
under the Philippine Mobile Belt. To the east is the
3166:
3100:
3079:
3033:
2982:
2941:
2888:
2838:
2792:
2776:
2760:
2751:
2723:
2650:
2567:
2460:
2432:
2399:
2236:
2121:
2038:
1765:
1677:
1608:
1496:
1433:
1377:
1326:
1222:
1163:
663:
List of stratigraphic formations in the Philippines
1030:Nicolas Pinet and Jean Francois Stephan (1989) in
1010:Nicolas Pinet and Jean Francois Stephan (1989) in
846:Nicolas Pinet and Jean Francois Stephan (1989) in
785:Nicolas Pinet and Jean Francois Stephan (1989) in
868:Accretion Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions
827:Accretion Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions
766:Accretion Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions
948:Macpherson, Forde, Hall and Thirlwall (2003) in
1083:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
1063:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
1032:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
1012:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
909:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
848:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
807:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
787:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
725:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
322:in North Luzon, or continental crust from the
56:to make improvements to the overall structure.
2684:
2360:
1586:
1137:
8:
362:Philippine Sea oceanic crust occurs at the
314:complex consists of oceanic crust from the
165:, the zone of active collision between the
2952:
2757:
2691:
2677:
2669:
2367:
2353:
2345:
2303:
1593:
1579:
1571:
1144:
1130:
1122:
987:
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:. It includes two subduction zones, the
114:, comprising most of the country of the
93:
85:
689:
674:Subduction tectonics of the Philippines
102:In the geology of the Philippines, the
7:
2327:
927:Clift, Schouten and Draut (2003) in
743:Clift, Schouten and Draut (2003) in
502:rocks related to an ancient arc and
452:Well-known micro-continental blocks
2594:Eastern margin of the Sea of Japan
887:Deschamps and Lallemand (2003) in
546:corresponding to the Manila Trench
25:
558:Sulu-Zamboanga Arc formed by the
2474:Aomori Bay West Coast Fault Zone
2326:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2290:
1668:
1213:
989:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2007.00017.x
252:and its northern associate, the
34:
2504:Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line
1081:Rangin and Pubellier (1990) in
1061:Rangin and Pubellier (1990) in
907:Rangin and Pubellier (1990) in
805:Rangin and Pubellier (1990) in
723:Rangin and Pubellier (1990) in
552:Negros-Panay Arc linked to the
420:Moluccas Sea: Arc-Arc Collision
392:Taiwan: Continent-Arc Collision
130:. Within the Belt, a number of
2218:South American–Antarctic Ridge
439:Collage of 17 principal blocks
1:
3206:Geelvinck (Cendrawasih) Basin
1051:File:Philippine Sea plate.JPG
3312:Geology of the Pacific Ocean
2908:Marikina Valley Fault System
2898:Flores Back Arc Thrust Fault
1190:Marikina Valley Fault System
564:Cotabato Arc related to the
126:to the east, as well as the
2913:New Britain subduction zone
631:Visayan Basin (or in Luzon)
3348:
3322:Geology of the Philippines
2815:Molucca Sea Collision Zone
2514:Japan Median Tectonic Line
2494:Futagawa-Hinagu fault zone
2171:Galápagos Spreading Center
866:Hashimoto, M, ed., (1981)
825:Hashimoto, M, ed., (1981)
764:Hashimoto, M, ed., (1981)
699:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
660:
288:Molucca Sea Collision Zone
157:to the southwest, and the
151:Molucca Sea Collision Zone
2955:
2284:
1666:
1211:
634:West Masbate–Iloilo Basin
494:in composition, although
283:of Taiwan, respectively.
179:Taiwan–Luzon–Mindoro Belt
3236:Northern East Java Basin
3256:Southern Makassar Basin
3241:Northern Makassar Basin
2923:Philippine Fault System
2539:Philippine Fault System
2213:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
1195:Philippine Fault System
657:Stratigraphic groupings
618:Southwest Palawan Basin
609:Northwest Palawan Basin
578:The archipelago has 16
433:Philippine Fault System
380:Philippine Fault System
236:and its associates the
128:Philippine Fault System
18:Philippines Mobile Belt
3221:North Australian Basin
3154:West Melanesian Trench
2784:Philippine Mobile Belt
2534:Northeastern Japan Arc
2452:Philippine Mobile Belt
2266:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
2238:Ancient oceanic ridges
2228:Southwest Indian Ridge
2223:Southeast Indian Ridge
1960:Philippine Mobile Belt
1200:Philippine Mobile Belt
1103:"::.......CCOP EPF..."
857:p167 Fig 1, p175, p177
346:Basin is an intra-arc
326:. On top of which are
302:of eastern Indonesia.
104:Philippine Mobile Belt
99:
91:
3034:Sulawesi and Moluccas
2509:Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc
615:Southeast Luzon Basin
478:In Luzon, the Middle
244:, which subducts the
175:Philippine Microplate
159:South China Sea Basin
141:, including northern
137:Most segments of the
97:
89:
3302:Philippine tectonics
3271:West Halmahera Basin
3149:West Caroline Trough
2903:Great Sumatran Fault
2866:South Bismarck Plate
2851:North Bismarck Plate
2738:Philippine Sea Plate
2658:Boso Triple Junction
2599:Izu–Ogasawara Trench
2419:Philippine Sea Plate
2141:Central Indian Ridge
1541:World Heritage Sites
1205:Philippine Sea Plate
594:Cagayan Valley Basin
316:Philippine Sea Plate
258:Philippine Sea Plate
147:Philippine Sea Plate
122:to the west and the
112:Philippine Sea Plate
3246:Ontong Java Plateau
2256:Kula-Farallon Ridge
711:2007AGUFM.G21C0670G
597:Central Luzon Basin
458:North Palawan Block
338:, and the northern
281:Longitudinal Valley
202:Zamboanga Peninsula
54:editing the article
3231:North Flores Basin
3181:Aru-Tanimbar Basin
3143:New Britain Trench
3138:Pocklington Trough
3000:North Luzon Trough
2928:Ramu-Markham Fault
2297:Geology portal
2271:Pacific-Kula Ridge
2261:Mid-Labrador Ridge
2186:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2181:Juan de Fuca Ridge
1536:Biosphere reserves
1311:potentially active
644:Agusan–Davao Basin
606:East Palawan Basin
603:Mindoro–Cuyo Basin
580:sedimentary basins
574:Sedimentary basins
544:Luzon Volcanic Arc
376:left lateral fault
336:Central Cordillera
268:of eastern Luzon.
171:Luzon Volcanic Arc
167:North Luzon Trough
100:
92:
3327:Geology of Taiwan
3289:
3288:
3276:West Natuna Basin
3201:East Natuna Basin
3162:
3161:
3133:New Guinea Trench
3113:Kilinailau Trench
3020:East Luzon Trench
3015:Philippine Trench
2884:
2883:
2861:Solomon Sea Plate
2820:Molucca Sea Plate
2805:Bird's Head Plate
2718:Convergence Zone)
2666:
2665:
2642:Philippine Trench
2519:Longmenshan Fault
2394:Convergence Zone)
2342:
2341:
2156:East Pacific Rise
1568:
1567:
368:Philippine Trench
364:East Luzon Trough
350:. Subduction of
292:Molucca Sea Plate
254:East Luzon Trench
250:Philippine Trench
149:to the east, the
124:Philippine Trench
82:
81:
74:
47:layout guidelines
27:Tectonic boundary
16:(Redirected from
3339:
3226:North Biak Basin
3118:Manokwari Trough
2953:
2758:
2712:Australian Plate
2693:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2479:Baikal Rift Zone
2369:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2196:Kolbeinsey Ridge
1672:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1217:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1099:
1093:
1079:
1073:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1008:
1002:
1001:
991:
976:Resource Geology
967:
961:
946:
940:
925:
919:
905:
899:
885:
879:
864:
858:
844:
838:
823:
817:
803:
797:
783:
777:
762:
756:
741:
735:
721:
715:
714:
694:
621:West Luzon Basin
511:Lower Cretaceous
306:Regional geology
198:Sulu Archipelago
194:Calamian Islands
185:Palawan and Sulu
77:
70:
66:
63:
57:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3307:Tectonic plates
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3168:
3167:Subsea plateaus
3158:
3096:
3092:Tanimbar Trough
3075:
3029:
2990:Cotabato Trench
2978:
2964:Mentawai Trough
2945:
2937:
2918:Palu-Koro Fault
2880:
2871:Trobriand Plate
2834:
2810:Halmahera Plate
2800:Banda Sea Plate
2788:
2772:
2747:
2719:
2700:Tectonic plates
2697:
2667:
2662:
2646:
2563:
2456:
2428:
2395:
2376:Tectonic plates
2373:
2343:
2338:
2289:
2280:
2232:
2206:Reykjanes Ridge
2191:Knipovich Ridge
2136:Carlsberg Ridge
2117:
2034:
1940:North Galápagos
1761:
1673:
1664:
1633:Indo-Australian
1604:
1602:Tectonic plates
1599:
1569:
1564:
1531:Protected areas
1492:
1440:
1437:
1429:
1373:
1322:
1218:
1209:
1159:
1150:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1029:
1025:
1009:
1005:
969:
968:
964:
947:
943:
926:
922:
906:
902:
886:
882:
865:
861:
845:
841:
824:
820:
804:
800:
784:
780:
763:
759:
742:
738:
722:
718:
696:
695:
691:
687:
670:
665:
659:
612:Reed Bank Basin
576:
566:Cotabato Trench
534:
488:intrusive rocks
476:
471:
454:
441:
429:
402:Mindoro-Panay:
388:
386:Collision zones
308:
279:and the inland
256:which subducts
242:Cotabato Trench
230:
222:Spratly Islands
187:
169:portion of the
78:
67:
61:
58:
52:Please help by
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:Volcanic belts
3314:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3281:Woodlark Basin
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:Minahasa Basin
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Benham Plateau
3188:
3186:Bengkulu Basin
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:(Bougainville)
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3071:Ternate Trough
3068:
3063:
3061:Sangihe Trough
3058:
3056:Salajar Trough
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:Palawan Trench
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2956:
2950:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2876:Woodlark Plate
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Caroline Plate
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2704:Southeast Asia
2698:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2614:Okinawa Trough
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2586:Mariana Trench
2583:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2388:Eurasian Plate
2374:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Explorer Ridge
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2123:Oceanic ridges
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2053:Bellingshausen
2050:
2044:
2042:
2040:Ancient plates
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:South Sandwich
1997:
1995:South Bismarck
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:North Bismarck
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Juan Fernández
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1660:South American
1657:
1652:
1650:North American
1647:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:National parks
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1469:Municipalities
1466:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1443:
1441:
1436:Administrative
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Extreme points
1234:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1106:www.ccop.or.th
1094:
1074:
1054:
1043:
1023:
1003:
982:(2): 197–218.
962:
941:
920:
900:
880:
859:
839:
818:
798:
778:
757:
736:
716:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
679:Back-arc basin
676:
669:
666:
661:Main article:
658:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:Sulu Sea Basin
648:
647:Cotabato Basin
645:
637:
636:
635:
632:
624:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
575:
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
562:
556:
550:
547:
533:
530:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
460:
453:
450:
440:
437:
428:
425:
424:
423:
417:
399:
387:
384:
352:Late Oligocene
307:
304:
262:Benham Plateau
229:
226:
218:Palawan Trench
186:
183:
153:to the south,
132:crustal blocks
108:Eurasian Plate
80:
79:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3344:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Arafura Basin
3174:
3173:
3171:
3165:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Mussau Trough
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Talaud Trough
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Negros Trench
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Manila Trench
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:(Sunda) with
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Sangihe Plate
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2716:Pacific Plate
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Manila Trench
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Suruga Trough
2627:
2625:
2624:Sagami Trough
2622:
2620:
2619:Ryukyu Trench
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Nankai Trough
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2559:Urasoko fault
2557:
2555:
2554:Ulakhan Fault
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Neodani Fault
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Idosawa Fault
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Haiyuan Fault
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:Okinawa Plate
2445:
2443:
2442:Mariana Plate
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2424:Yangtze Plate
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Okhotsk Plate
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2392:Pacific Plate
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:Phoenix Ridge
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Balmoral Reef
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:Island groups
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:Manila Trench
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:90-6764-132-4
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:90-6764-132-4
1067:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:90-6764-132-4
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:90-6764-132-4
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
999:
995:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:
963:
959:
958:1-86239-147-5
955:
951:
945:
942:
938:
937:1-86239-147-5
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
916:90-6764-132-4
913:
910:
904:
901:
897:
896:1-86239-147-5
893:
890:
884:
881:
877:
876:90-277-1561-0
873:
869:
863:
860:
856:
855:90-6764-132-4
852:
849:
843:
840:
836:
835:90-277-1561-0
832:
828:
822:
819:
815:
814:90-6764-132-4
811:
808:
802:
799:
795:
794:90-6764-132-4
791:
788:
782:
779:
775:
774:90-277-1561-0
771:
767:
761:
758:
754:
753:1-86239-147-5
750:
746:
740:
737:
733:
732:90-6764-132-4
729:
726:
720:
717:
712:
708:
705:: G21C–0670.
704:
700:
693:
690:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
656:
649:
646:
643:
642:
641:
638:
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
600:Ilocos Trough
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
584:
583:
581:
573:
567:
563:
561:
557:
555:
554:Negros Trench
551:
548:
545:
542:
541:
539:
538:
537:
531:
529:
527:
524:and northern
523:
519:
514:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
469:Magmatic arcs
468:
464:
463:Mindoro Block
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
449:
447:
438:
436:
434:
426:
421:
418:
415:
411:
407:
405:
404:Arc-Continent
400:
397:
393:
390:
389:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
370:system. The
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:Early Miocene
353:
349:
345:
344:Cagayan River
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:basement rock
305:
303:
301:
297:
296:Halmahera Arc
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
277:Coastal Range
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:Negros Trench
235:
234:Manila Trench
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Manila Trench
117:
113:
109:
105:
96:
88:
84:
76:
73:
65:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
3261:Talaud Basin
3051:Ceram Trough
3046:Banda Trench
2974:Timor Trough
2969:Sunda Trough
2933:Sorong Fault
2783:
2604:Japan Trench
2581:Kuril Trench
2529:Nojima Fault
2489:Fukozu Fault
2451:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2288:
2166:Gakkel Ridge
2078:Intermontane
1959:
1870:Juan de Fuca
1727:New Hebrides
1679:Minor plates
1610:Major plates
1485:
1478:
1232:Archipelagos
1199:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1097:
1082:
1077:
1062:
1057:
1046:
1031:
1026:
1011:
1006:
979:
975:
965:
949:
944:
928:
923:
908:
903:
888:
883:
867:
862:
847:
842:
826:
821:
806:
801:
786:
781:
765:
760:
744:
739:
724:
719:
702:
698:
692:
639:
626:
586:
577:
535:
515:
508:
484:Late Miocene
477:
474:Ancient arcs
442:
430:
419:
401:
391:
340:Sierra Madre
318:, including
309:
285:
270:
266:Sierra Madre
231:
188:
178:
174:
136:
103:
101:
83:
68:
62:October 2020
59:
44:
3332:Cordilleras
3266:Weber Basin
3211:Manus Basin
3123:Lyra Trough
3025:Sulu Trench
2983:Philippines
2960:Java Trench
2856:Manus Plate
2846:Maoke Plate
2830:Timor Plate
2777:Philippines
2768:Burma Plate
2743:Sunda Plate
2633:Philippines
2549:Tanna Fault
2544:Senya Fault
2251:Alpha Ridge
2246:Aegir Ridge
2201:Mohns Ridge
2176:Gorda Ridge
2151:Cocos Ridge
2146:Chile Ridge
1990:Solomon Sea
1930:North Andes
1920:Molucca Sea
1815:Conway Reef
1800:Bird's Head
1767:Microplates
1498:Environment
1420:South China
1178:Benham Bank
1173:Benham Rise
1157:Philippines
591:Bicol Shelf
560:Sulu Trench
532:Active arcs
416:- Miocene).
372:strike-slip
324:Sunda Plate
310:The belt's
300:Sangihe Arc
246:Sunda Plate
214:Sulu Trench
210:Sunda Plate
204:of western
155:Sunda Plate
139:Philippines
116:Philippines
3296:Categories
3251:Sawu Basin
3196:Bula Basin
3169:and basins
3108:Ayu Trough
3101:New Guinea
3087:Aur Trough
3041:Aru Trough
2839:New Guinea
2708:New Guinea
2466:rift zones
2409:Amur Plate
2384:North Asia
2131:Aden Ridge
1980:Seychelles
1895:Madagascar
1780:Aegean Sea
1737:Philippine
1638:Australian
1511:Ecoregions
1452:Autonomous
1400:Philippine
1364:Waterfalls
1286:Peninsulas
1092:p148 fig 4
1041:p167 Fig 1
685:References
332:Quaternary
328:Cretaceous
320:ophiolites
228:Boundaries
2793:Indonesia
2020:Trobriand
1925:Niuafo’ou
1880:Kerguelen
1855:Halmahera
1850:Greenland
1835:Galápagos
1805:Capricorn
1795:Banda Sea
1785:Anatolian
1702:Caribbean
1623:Antarctic
1521:Landmarks
1474:Barangays
1459:Provinces
1438:divisions
1334:Baselines
1301:Volcanoes
1264:Mountains
1242:Headlands
1224:Landforms
1153:Geography
1111:April 20,
998:140540795
500:Paleogene
480:Oligocene
414:Oligocene
406:Collision
200:with the
192:with the
2943:Trenches
2569:Trenches
2321:Category
2113:Kshiroda
2098:Malvinas
2068:Farallon
2063:Cimmeria
2030:Woodlark
2025:Victoria
1985:Shetland
1885:Kermadec
1825:Explorer
1775:Adriatic
1707:Caroline
1628:Eurasian
1548:Wildlife
1369:Wetlands
1316:inactive
668:See also
640:Mindanao
518:adakitic
492:dioritic
446:Zambales
396:Pliocene
298:and the
273:accreted
240:and the
206:Mindanao
196:and the
177:and the
110:and the
2948:troughs
2573:troughs
2333:Commons
2108:Phoenix
2083:Izanagi
2073:Insular
2058:Charcot
1975:Sangihe
1945:Okinawa
1915:Mariana
1900:Malpelo
1890:Lwandle
1865:Iranian
1860:Iberian
1757:Yangtze
1732:Okhotsk
1692:Arabian
1687:Amurian
1655:Pacific
1618:African
1516:Forests
1506:Climate
1447:Regions
1425:Visayan
1410:Sibuyan
1395:Celebes
1390:Camotes
1359:Straits
1296:Valleys
1257:islands
1165:Geology
1155:of the
734:p140 ff
707:Bibcode
627:Visayas
522:Surigao
504:Neogene
410:Miocene
342:. The
190:Palawan
2890:Faults
2651:Others
2462:Faults
2048:Baltic
1970:Rovuma
1965:Rivera
1950:Panama
1840:Gonâve
1830:Futuna
1820:Easter
1747:Somali
1742:Scotia
1717:Indian
1643:Indian
1464:Cities
1354:Rivers
1306:active
1291:Plains
1279:Ultras
1274:passes
1269:ranges
1088:
1068:
1037:
1017:
996:
956:
935:
918:, p149
914:
894:
874:
853:
833:
812:
792:
772:
755:p84-86
751:
730:
496:alkali
360:Eocene
163:Taiwan
3080:Timor
2753:Small
2725:Large
2590:Japan
2434:Small
2401:Large
2093:Lhasa
2015:Tonga
2010:Tisza
2005:Timor
1955:Pelso
1910:Maoke
1905:Manus
1845:Gorda
1810:Coiba
1752:Sunda
1722:Nazca
1712:Cocos
1697:Burma
1558:Flora
1553:Fauna
1487:Sitio
1480:Purok
1405:Samar
1385:Bohol
1349:Lakes
1344:Gulfs
1327:Water
1247:Hills
994:S2CID
587:Luzon
526:Davao
427:Luzon
143:Luzon
2946:and
2761:West
2571:and
2464:and
2382:and
2380:East
2309:List
2088:Kula
1415:Sulu
1378:Seas
1339:Bays
1113:2018
1086:ISBN
1072:p149
1066:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1021:p170
1015:ISBN
960:p208
954:ISBN
933:ISBN
912:ISBN
898:p165
892:ISBN
878:p299
872:ISBN
851:ISBN
837:p303
831:ISBN
816:p148
810:ISBN
796:p165
790:ISBN
776:p302
770:ISBN
749:ISBN
728:ISBN
703:2007
490:are
348:rift
2702:of
2378:of
2103:Moa
984:doi
939:p86
482:to
354:to
330:to
3298::
992:.
980:57
978:.
974:.
952:,
931:,
870:,
829:,
768:,
747:,
701:.
528:.
378:,
374:,
366:–
181:.
2714:–
2710:(
2706:–
2692:e
2685:t
2678:v
2390:-
2386:(
2368:e
2361:t
2354:v
1594:e
1587:t
1580:v
1145:e
1138:t
1131:v
1115:.
1000:.
986::
713:.
709::
75:)
69:(
64:)
60:(
50:.
20:)
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