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director of 'Audio', formed a seven-person project group. Vries and
Diepeveen were members of this project group. In March 1974, during an Audio-VLP meeting Peek and Vries recommended a digital audio registration because an error-correcting code could be included. Vries and Diepeveen built an error-correcting coder-decoder that was delivered in the summer of 1978. The decoder was included in the CD prototype player that was presented to the international press. The error-correcting coder-decoder was abandoned in 1979 in favor of
132:
262:, digital pioneer and one of NatLab's top-scientists, formulated the atmosphere at that time: "We were able to conduct whatever research we found relevant, and had no pre-determined tasks; instead, we received full freedom and support of autonomous research. We went to work, not knowing what we would do that day. This view -or rather ambiguous view- on how research should be conducted, led to amazing inventions as a result. It was an innovation heaven". In 1968
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349:, the long period of economic growth came to an end and companies could no longer afford expensive research departments. With that economic reality, the belief in the stimulating value of fundamental research also seemed to disappear. On top of that, a number of bad decisions by the NatLab management did little to ingratiate the facility to the Philips Board of Directors (such bad decisions including the development of the flopped
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474:. The list of appointments and honors compiled by Henk Hagenbeuk, shows the close cooperation between the Dutch universities and Philips Research until the 1990s. The cooperation worked both ways: researchers were appointed as (part-time) professor at the universities, and vice versa graduates joined the Philips Research. Philips researchers received prestigious awards in technical fields.
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222:. Numans designed and built a short wave crystal controlled telephony transmitter for his required period of practical work, with call sign PCJJ. This transmitter made world headlines on March 11, 1927 when it transmitted practically undistorted music and voice across the entire globe. As a result of this, the
417:, in a newspaper interview, told that the research management was a chaos which spoiled the atmosphere. As a result, academic freedom was far gone. Fundamental research, research driven purely by curiosity, was strictly reined in and priority was given to the short-term interests of the product divisions.
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and a small number of research assistants; this was the entire scientific staff of the facility for the first decade. Holst held the director's position until 1946 and spent his tenure creating and maintaining an academic atmosphere at the facility in which researchers had intellectual freedom and
401:. By 1989 the NatLab, which had formerly been on the Board of Directors budget, drew two-thirds of its income from contracts with the product divisions. This made the role of the NatLab far more limited than before: it became a source of expertise rather than a source of innovation. In 1998, when
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played an instrumental role in its design. For the industry group 'Audio' and the NatLab the development of a small optical audio disc started early in 1974. The sound quality of this disc had to be superior to that of the large and vulnerable vinyl record. To realize this, Lou Ottens, technical
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university). NatLab never grew to quite those numbers though, 2.400 was the record – and that included the foreign branches which had been added in the meantime. The NatLab became a superuniversity where the "best of the best" could do research in practically perfect circumstances (full
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had made the company part of the world's electronics giants with 350.000 employees in 1970. NatLab grew right along with the company and became a world class research facility. By 1963 a new campus was designed for the facility in Waalre, with space for 3.000 employees (more than any Dutch
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code, which became the adopted CD's standard. To commemorate this breakthrough, Philips received an IEEE Milestone Award on March 6, 2009. This breakthrough was also appreciated by Sony and they started a cooperation with
Philips that resulted in June 1980 in a common CD system standard.
213:
in 1926. The penthode was the centerpiece of the famous
Philips radio and it soon found its way into every radio and amplifier in the market. Tellegen also did pioneering research in the area of electrical networks. In 1925 Van der Pol took on a junior student from
92:, which is open to researchers from many different companies. Philips Research is after many reorganizations one of the smaller tenants. Philips Research also had branches in Germany, the United Kingdom, United States, India and China.
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the position of long-term fundamental research at NatLab came under more and more pressure, especially after
Philips introduced decentralized financing. Bulthuis reduced research budgets by the equivalent of 60 million
461:
In March 2012 High Tech Campus
Eindhoven was sold by Philips to Ramphastos Investments, a private consortium of investors. Philips remained as tenant, but its status changed from owner/manager to resident.
246:(who would later become the primarily responsible of the three and member of the Board of Directors), chemist Evert Verwey and engineer Herre Rinia. The NatLab saw its heyday under this triumvirate.
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Hans Peek, Jan
Bergmans, Jos van Haaren, Frank Toolenaar and Sorin Stan," Origins and Successors of the Compact Disc", Springer, 2009, Philips Research Book Series, Vol. 11, Chapters 2 and 3.
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in the early 1960s. A 1972 municipal rezoning brought the facility back into
Eindhoven, which was followed some years later by Eindhoven renaming the street the facility is on into the
147:. At the time Philips was branching out into different areas of electronics and they felt the need to do in-house research to support product development, as well as create a company
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in the United States. The research was also not limited to industrial research; a good deal of fundamental research was also performed at NatLab, such as that of
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This managerial philosophy was unique to NatLab, compared to other
Philips facilities and laboratories. Unlike the other Philips labs, NatLab similar to AT&T
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In 1975, the NatLab employed some 2000 people, including 600 researchers with university degrees. Research done at the NatLab has ranged from product-specific to
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In 2000, Philips decided on a new direction for the NatLab and the grounds it was housed on: The decision was made to transform and sell the whole of it into an
442:, which has by now completely subsumed the old NatLab. This decision by Philips also fit with the new direction chosen by the company, "Health and Lifestyle".
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The period under
Casimir was a time of great success and achievement for the NatLab. But the time after his retirement in 1972 was one of decline and loss.
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Over time, Van Rumpt and
Kasperkovitz tired of the corporate hoop-jumping at Philips, decided to resign and create their own company in 1998.
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in three years' time. Hundreds of NatLab employees were fired and departments were closed, including the entire mathematics department in
692:. He has been a prolific and influential engineer, who holds more than 1100 US and international patents. He was awarded both the 2017
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696:"for pioneering contributions to video, audio, and data recording technology, including compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray", and the 1999
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by Marc J. de Vries and F. Kees Boersma, commissioned by Philips Research, supervised by the Stichting Historie der Techniek.
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For his fundamental studies and contributions in the field of circuit theory and electromagnetic wave propagation phenomena
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pioneered and advanced the era of digital audio, video, and data recording, including popular digital media such as
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G. Holst and B.D.H. Tellegen, "Means for amplifying electrical oscillations", US Patent 1,945,040, January 1934.
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In 1985 Kees Teer retired as director. Philips as a whole took a turn for the worse and by the end of the 1980s
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Hans B. Peek, "The emergence of the Compact Disc", IEEE Communications Magazine, January 2010, pp. 10–17.
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Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium, NatLab, Eindhoven, converted to a film theater and café-restaurant in 2013.
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The original NatLab facility was disbanded in 2001 and the facility has been transformed into the commercial
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facility for technology companies, of which Philips Research was only a small one. The new name is the
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problems. Van der Pol also studied the effect of the curvature of the Earth on radio wave propagation.
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in 1973 "For a creative career of significant achievement in electrical circuit theory, including the
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For a career of creative contributions to the technologies of digital video, audio, and data recording
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For a creative career of significant achievement in electrical circuit theory, including the gyrator
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The compact disc had been initiated and pushed by the audio department, although NatLab researcher
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stayed one year at NatLab. He was an American academic and entrepreneur, and a professor at
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The history of the NatLab spans roughly three periods: 1914–1946, 1946–1972 and 1972–2001.
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portfolio and reduce the company dependence on patents held by third parties. They hired
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research department, which did research for the product divisions of that company.
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882:(in Dutch). Tijdschrift van het Nederlands Elektronica- en Radiogenootschap. 1993
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For pioneering and advancing the era of digital audio, video, and data recording
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access to external research and resources. The external access also included
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The result was a slew of commercial and fundamental results, including the
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Philips has divested itself of branches like the Lighting and
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877:"Uitreiking van de Dr. Ir. C.J. de Groot - Plaquette 1992"
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The NatLab was founded in 1914 after a direct decision of
158:(the first director) who assembled a staff consisting of
1076:"Kees Immink: The Man Who put the Compact Disc on Track"
618:) in 1948. Was the head of NatLab from 1946 until 1972.
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seemed a very real possibility. Under research director
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best known for his research on the two-fluid model of
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by some of the great physicists of the day (including
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2003 US National Academy of Engineering Membership -
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1976 US National Academy of Engineering Membership -
728:. He is also known for a theorem in circuit theory,
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For coding technology for optical recording formats
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501:1970 US National Academy of Sciences Membership -
405:became general research director, top researchers
1131:Wetenschap in uitvoering, Het NatLab in Eindhoven
806:and the founder and chairman of Bose corporation
281:, which was the technological basis for the 1980
1142:IEEE CD Milestone, IEEEE Global History Network.
981:"Managers verziekten sfeer op NatLab (in Dutch)"
953:"Chip Hall of Fame: Philips TDA7000 FM receiver"
249:For the Philips company as a whole, the era of
1178:
8:
1125:Opkomst en neergang van een legendarisch lab
1103:Inventing Structures for Industrial Research
1004:"Philips axes 300 jobs in research division"
940:. IEEE Global History Network. 14 June 2022.
470:The Natlab had a great impact on science in
285:. Results were also achieved in the area of
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913:IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter
909:"Shannon, Beethoven, and the Compact Disc"
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651:, is named after him. He was awarded the
466:Academic appointments and personal honors
1109:Geschiedenis Philips Nat.Lab. vastgelegd
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818:
786:. He is known for his contributions to
27:Research laboratory of Philips (NatLab)
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851:. Baltan Laboratories. Archived from
849:"NatLab's History-Back to the Future"
7:
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1034:"Appointments and honors (in Dutch)"
1718:Philips Sports Manager of the Year
1133:TELEAC Film (25 min.), April 2009
25:
1390:Broadcast Television Systems Inc.
1292:Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium
1285:Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
983:. Eindhovens Dagblad, 2 Nov. 2003
951:Julianne Pepitone (2 July 2018).
238:In 1946 Holst was succeeded by a
228:Philips Holland-Indonesia station
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1365:Philips-Neusoft Medical Systems
1058:C.J. Gorter's Life & Science
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1819:Laboratories in the Netherlands
1532:Video Content Protection System
1425:Philips Consumer Communications
449:branches (now the independent
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1322:PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
234:Growth and success: 1946-1972
194:, electrical circuit theory,
1121:, K. Boersma and M. de Vries
653:Institute of Radio Engineers
224:Philips Omroep Holland-Indië
1420:NEC Philips Unified Systems
1242:Shenzhen Goldway Industrial
554:2003 Personal Emmy Award -
545:1999 IEEE Edison Medal -
536:1973 IEEE Edison Medal -
516:2017 IEEE Medal of Honor -
507:1935 IEEE Medal of Honor -
345:In 1973, starting with the
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1677:High Tech Campus Eindhoven
1217:Philips Consumer Lifestyle
828:, location of the facility
440:High Tech Campus Eindhoven
314:Integrated Injection Logic
95:Originally located in the
90:High Tech Campus Eindhoven
44:Philips Physics Laboratory
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1502:Philips Intimate Massager
409:, Rudy van de Plassche,
198:and a number of related,
1312:Philips Classics Records
478:Personal honors received
103:, the facility moved to
635:propagation, theory of
631:main interests were in
1492:Philips Cinema 21:9 TV
1248:Corporate Technologies
676:Kees Schouhamer Immink
645:Van der Pol oscillator
556:Kees Schouhamer Immink
547:Kees Schouhamer Immink
538:Bernard D. H. Tellegen
518:Kees Schouhamer Immink
494:Kees Schouhamer Immink
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415:Kees Schouhamer Immink
411:Kees Schouhamer Immink
369:Kees Schouhamer Immink
358:videocassette recorder
316:) in the early 1970s.
260:Kees Schouhamer Immink
180:Bernard D. H. Tellegen
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83:information technology
42:(English translation:
35:
1056:R. de Bruyn Ouboter,
627:Balthasar van der Pol
509:Balthasar van der Pol
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184:Balthasar van der Pol
135:NatLab gevelplaquette
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33:
1829:History of Eindhoven
1814:Physics laboratories
1785:51.41056°N 5.45694°E
1074:Tekla Perry (2017).
1002:Amy Bennett (2006).
905:K. Schouhamer Immink
720:and inventor of the
641:mathematical physics
287:integrated circuitry
279:Video Long Play disc
277:camera tube and the
127:The start: 1914-1946
63:fundamental research
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1598:Philips VideoWriter
1400:LG.Philips Displays
1228:Philips Healthcare
938:"IEEE CD Milestone"
847:Marieke Verbiesen.
718:electrical engineer
694:IEEE Medal of Honor
637:electrical circuits
610:) in 1934 and the
312:developed the I²L (
1358:NXP Semiconductors
1342:Joint ventures and
1275:NXP Semiconductors
1111:site for the book
788:mesoscopic physics
730:Tellegen's theorem
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338:The end: 1972-2012
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1636:Cor Boonstra
1603:Philips :YES
1588:Philips Velo
1583:Philips Nino
1578:Philips CD-i
1385:ASML Holding
1291:
1203:subsidiaries
1112:
1102:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:
1069:
1057:
1052:
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1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:the original
1007:
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974:
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960:. Retrieved
956:
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916:
912:
884:. Retrieved
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
842:
833:
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716:was a Dutch
690:Blu-ray Disc
682:Compact Disc
608:C. J. Gorter
598:was a Dutch
597:
563:
558:
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523:compact disc
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407:Joseph Braat
403:Arie Huijser
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362:compact disc
344:
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283:compact disc
268:
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242:: physicist
237:
227:
226:(PHOHI, the
220:Johan Numans
204:
200:mathematical
173:
156:Gilles Holst
138:
122:
111:, after the
108:
99:district of
94:
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39:
37:
1788: /
1612:SpeechMagic
1237:Respironics
1042:13 February
826:Google Maps
294: [
240:triumvirate
192:radio waves
67:electronics
1803:Categories
1773:51°24′38″N
1616:Video 2000
1608:Philishave
1527:Trimension
1376:Former and
1265:Liquavista
1256:Former and
1097:References
1085:2017-06-21
1018:2016-08-29
987:3 February
962:2019-06-06
923:2018-02-06
859:2016-08-29
765:tape music
702:Emmy award
633:radio wave
457:After 2012
386:bankruptcy
355:Video 2000
347:oil crisis
332:jazz music
171:in 1923).
1776:5°27′25″E
1522:Streamium
1477:Ambilight
1430:TP Vision
798:Amar Bose
784:physicist
704:in 2004.
663:in 1935.
655:(now the
616:D. Polder
600:physicist
429:Eindhoven
351:videodisc
310:Arie Slob
306:Kees Hart
291:Else Kooi
275:Plumbicon
273:in 1962,
264:Kees Teer
196:harmonics
165:colloquia
153:physicist
101:Eindhoven
75:chemistry
1746:Category
1703:Carousel
1573:NMS-8250
1517:Sonicare
1460:products
1458:Brands,
1445:Lumileds
1297:PolyGram
1270:Magnavox
907:(2007).
757:composer
724:and the
399:Brussels
211:penthode
50:was the
1809:Philips
1756:Commons
1672:Evoluon
1568:VG-8020
1563:VG-8010
1558:VG-8000
1541:Defunct
1512:ShoqBox
1487:Norelco
1470:Current
1410:Marantz
1395:Grundig
1378:defunct
1361:(19.9%)
1351:Current
1258:defunct
1210:Current
1194:Philips
1008:ITWorld
919:: 42–46
738:gyrator
726:gyrator
722:pentode
531:Blu-ray
119:History
71:physics
56:Philips
1665:Places
1629:People
1553:VG5000
1507:Senseo
1415:Navteq
886:10 May
752:was a
643:. The
639:, and
580:Notes
577:Alumni
529:, and
353:, the
149:patent
141:Gerard
105:Waalre
97:Strijp
48:NatLab
1548:P2000
1367:(51%)
1222:Saeco
1037:(PDF)
880:(PDF)
813:Notes
781:Dutch
779:is a
754:Dutch
302:LOCOS
298:]
216:Delft
65:into
52:Dutch
46:) or
1440:SSMC
1435:TSMC
1044:2023
989:2018
888:2020
763:and
688:and
657:IEEE
395:euro
378:CIRC
374:Sony
330:and
308:and
182:and
143:and
81:and
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1482:Hue
804:MIT
686:DVD
527:DVD
451:NXP
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20:)
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