66:, with the beginning of the era of synchronized sound for film, argued that earlier films were aesthetically superior to the "talkies". He held that by adding technologically synchronized sound to replace previous live-accompaniment of otherwise silent moving images, the unique status of film had been removed. Instead of being a unique art form that could carefully study bodies in motion, film had become merely a combination of two other art forms.
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72:, contrary to Arnheim, held that whether or not a film has sound is largely irrelevant. He believed that film, due mainly to its foundation in and relationship with photography, had a realist aspect to it. He argued that film has the ability to capture the real world.
1069:
59:
era, he sought to understand what it was about film that made it conceptually distinct from theater. He concluded that the use of close-ups, flash-backs, and edits were unique to film and constituted its nature.
79:
has argued that the earlier characterizations of film made by philosophers too narrowly defined the nature of film and that they incorrectly conflated aspects of genres of films with film in general.
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also features a discussion of the philosophy of film where the theories of Bazin are emphasized. In it, the character waxes philosophic that every moment of film is capturing an aspect of
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174:"Philosophy of Film" by Thomas Wartenberg - first published Aug. 18, 2004; substantive revision Nov. 25, 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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185:"Philosophy of Film: Continental Perspectives" - published May 13, 2011 - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Aspects of Bazin's realist theories have been accepted by philosophers in spite of
Carroll's critique. The
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Philosopher à travers le cinéma québécois. Xavier Dolan, Denis Côté, Stéphane
Lafleur et autres cinéastes
227:
Philosopher à travers le cinéma québécois. Xavier Dolan, Denis Côté, Stéphane
Lafleur et autres cinéastes
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86:, which says that film is a medium transparent to true reality, has been accepted by
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40:
1070:
A Philosophical
Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
199:
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24:
16:
Aesthetic approaches to the most basic philosophical questions regarding film
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51:
The earliest person to explore philosophical questions regarding film was
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713:
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32:
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1327:
1289:
313:
2249:
903:
260:
Christina Rawls, Diana Neiva, & Steven S. Gouveia (eds.),
210:
105:
1285:
309:
31:
that seeks to understand the most basic questions about
238:
The
Philosophy of Film: Introductory Text and Readings
1120:
The Work of Art in the Age of
Mechanical Reproduction
3297:
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1411:
1338:
1172:
1021:
794:
501:
413:
347:
35:. Philosophy of film has significant overlap with
253:Paisley Livingston and Carl Plantinga (eds.).,
255:The Routledge Companion to Philosophy and Film
1301:
325:
211:“The Holy Moment” (from WAKING LIFE) on Vimeo
8:
1050:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
236:Thomas Wartenberg and Angela Curran (eds.),
3070:
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3044:
2740:
2447:
2219:
1856:
1797:
1786:
1335:
1324:
1308:
1294:
1286:
332:
318:
310:
293:The Continental Philosophy of Film Reader
286:The Routledge Encyclopedia of Film Theory
272:New Philosophies of Film: Thinking Images
284:Edward Branigan, Warren Buckland (eds.)
166:
262:Philosophy and Film: Bridging Divides
7:
14:
248:The Philosophy of Motion Pictures
3365:
3364:
3351:
1268:
132:
118:
264:(Routledge 2019; 1st edition).
257:(Routledge 2008, 1st edition).
1:
200:Waking Life|Film|The Guardian
2837:Ordinary language philosophy
1180:Aestheticization of politics
149:Cinema 1: The Movement Image
2887:Contemporary utilitarianism
2802:Internalism and externalism
3418:
2151:Svatantrika and Prasangika
3345:
3060:
3043:
2450:
1796:
1785:
1373:Philosophy of mathematics
1363:Philosophy of information
1334:
1323:
1248:
298:Pierre-Alexandre Fradet,
225:Pierre-Alexandre Fradet,
27:within the discipline of
240:, Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.
2842:Postanalytic philosophy
2783:Experimental philosophy
1200:Evolutionary aesthetics
1150:The Aesthetic Dimension
291:Joseph Westfall (ed.),
189:Thorsten Botz-Bornstein
55:. During the so-called
2975:Social constructionism
1987:Hellenistic philosophy
1403:Theoretical philosophy
1378:Philosophy of religion
1368:Philosophy of language
1130:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
1080:Lectures on Aesthetics
155:Linguistic film theory
3358:Philosophy portal
2877:Scientific skepticism
2857:Reformed epistemology
1383:Philosophy of science
1275:Philosophy portal
2778:Critical rationalism
2485:Edo neo-Confucianism
2329:Acintya bheda abheda
2308:Renaissance humanism
2019:School of the Sextii
1393:Practical philosophy
1388:Political philosophy
1220:Philosophy of design
1100:In Praise of Shadows
1090:The Critic as Artist
74:American philosopher
3402:Philosophy by topic
2349:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2260:Korean Confucianism
2007:Academic Skepticism
1230:Philosophy of music
1205:Mathematical beauty
295:, Bloomsbury, 2018.
288:, Routledge, 2015.
84:transparency thesis
3392:Applied aesthetics
2970:Post-structuralism
2872:Scientific realism
2827:Quinean naturalism
2807:Logical positivism
2763:Analytical Marxism
1982:Peripatetic school
1894:Chinese naturalism
1421:Aesthetic response
1348:Applied philosophy
1225:Philosophy of film
1215:Patterns in nature
1185:Applied aesthetics
1160:Why Beauty Matters
946:Life imitating art
807:Art for art's sake
279:Filosofia del film
274:, Continuum, 2011.
268:Robert Sinnerbrink
250:, Blackwell, 2008.
94:In popular culture
21:philosophy of film
3379:
3378:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
2758:Analytic feminism
2730:
2729:
2692:Kierkegaardianism
2654:Transcendentalism
2614:Neo-scholasticism
2460:Classical Realism
2437:
2436:
2209:
2208:
2024:Neopythagoreanism
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1398:Social philosophy
1283:
1282:
1235:Psychology of art
1110:Art as Experience
126:Philosophy portal
3409:
3368:
3367:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3071:
3062:
3045:
2935:Frankfurt School
2882:Transactionalism
2832:Normative ethics
2812:Legal positivism
2788:Falsificationism
2773:Consequentialism
2768:Communitarianism
2741:
2609:New Confucianism
2448:
2255:Neo-Confucianism
2220:
2029:Second Sophistic
2014:Middle Platonism
1857:
1798:
1787:
1630:Epiphenomenalism
1497:Consequentialism
1431:Institutionalism
1336:
1325:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
334:
327:
320:
311:
304:Éditions Hermann
281:, Carocci, 2014.
277:Enrico Terrone,
231:Éditions Hermann
213:
208:
202:
197:
191:
182:
176:
171:
142:
137:
136:
135:
128:
123:
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53:Hugo Münsterberg
3417:
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3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
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3380:
3375:
3352:
3350:
3329:
3293:
3193:
3155:
3102:
3056:
3055:
3027:
3016:Russian cosmism
2989:
2985:Western Marxism
2950:New Historicism
2915:Critical theory
2901:
2897:Wittgensteinian
2793:Foundationalism
2726:
2663:
2644:Social contract
2500:Foundationalism
2433:
2415:
2399:Illuminationism
2384:Aristotelianism
2370:
2359:Vishishtadvaita
2312:
2264:
2205:
2172:
2043:
1972:Megarian school
1967:Eretrian school
1908:
1869:Agriculturalism
1846:
1792:
1773:
1720:
1692:
1649:
1601:
1558:
1542:Incompatibilism
1511:
1483:
1435:
1407:
1330:
1319:
1314:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1244:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1140:Critical Essays
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1017:
790:
704:Ortega y Gasset
497:
409:
343:
338:
222:
220:Further reading
217:
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183:
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49:
23:is a branch of
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3176:
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3161:Middle Eastern
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2962:
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2925:Existentialism
2922:
2920:Deconstruction
2917:
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2753:Applied ethics
2749:
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2717:Nietzscheanism
2714:
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2659:Utilitarianism
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2601:
2596:
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2559:
2557:Transcendental
2554:
2549:
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2534:
2524:
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2522:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2495:Existentialism
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2283:Augustinianism
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2196:Zoroastrianism
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2039:Church Fathers
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1554:Libertarianism
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1471:
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1400:
1395:
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1358:Metaphilosophy
1355:
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1210:Neuroesthetics
1207:
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1197:
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1190:Arts criticism
1187:
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1060:On the Sublime
1056:
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1023:
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985:
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973:
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948:
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926:
924:Interpretation
921:
916:
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891:
886:
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876:
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866:
861:
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846:
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839:
834:
824:
819:
817:Artistic merit
814:
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798:
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521:
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488:
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478:
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468:
466:Psychoanalysis
463:
458:
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438:
433:
428:
423:
417:
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411:
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407:
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351:
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258:
251:
241:
234:
233:, 2018, 274 p.
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177:
165:
164:
162:
159:
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152:
144:
143:
129:
113:
110:
95:
92:
88:Kendall Walton
64:Rudolf Arnheim
48:
45:
39:, a branch of
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3414:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
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3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:Miscellaneous
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
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3208:
3205:
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3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
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3139:
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3119:
3117:
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3059:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:Miscellaneous
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:Structuralism
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Postmodernism
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Phenomenology
2953:
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2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
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2933:
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2918:
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2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Vienna Circle
2890:
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2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
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2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
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2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Moral realism
2820:
2818:
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2810:
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2800:
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2670:
2666:
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2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:Phenomenology
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
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2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Individualism
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
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2513:
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2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
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2444:
2440:
2430:
2429:Judeo-Islamic
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:Shuddhadvaita
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
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2327:
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2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
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2289:
2288:Scholasticism
2286:
2284:
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2279:
2276:
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2273:
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2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
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2199:
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2179:
2175:
2167:
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2159:
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2149:
2147:
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2115:
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2110:
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2090:
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2050:
2046:
2040:
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2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
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1989:
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1983:
1980:
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1975:
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1765:
1762:
1760:
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1755:
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1742:
1740:
1739:Conceptualism
1737:
1735:
1732:
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1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
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1709:
1707:
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1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Particularism
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Functionalism
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Eliminativism
1618:
1616:
1613:
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1610:
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1598:
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1548:
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1533:
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1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Compatibilism
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
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1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
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1467:
1465:
1464:Particularism
1462:
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1241:
1240:Theory of art
1238:
1236:
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1211:
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1127:
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1117:
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1111:
1107:
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1101:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030:Hippias Major
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:Entertainment
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
812:Art manifesto
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:Appropriation
800:
799:
797:
793:
787:
786:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
694:Merleau-Ponty
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
509:Abhinavagupta
507:
506:
504:
500:
494:
493:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:Postmodernism
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
416:
412:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
350:
346:
342:
335:
330:
328:
323:
321:
316:
315:
312:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
223:
219:
212:
207:
204:
201:
196:
193:
190:
186:
181:
178:
175:
170:
167:
160:
156:
153:
151:
150:
146:
145:
141:
130:
127:
116:
111:
109:
107:
103:
102:
93:
91:
89:
85:
80:
78:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:
54:
46:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3363:
3349:
3020:
3011:Postcritique
3001:Kyoto School
2960:Posthumanism
2940:Hermeneutics
2795: /
2736:Contemporary
2712:Newtonianism
2675:Cartesianism
2634:Reductionism
2470:Conservatism
2465:Collectivism
2403:
2131:Sarvāstivadā
2109:Anekantavada
2034:Neoplatonism
2002:Epicureanism
1935:Pythagoreans
1874:Confucianism
1840:Contemporary
1830:Early modern
1734:Anti-realism
1688:Universalism
1645:Subjectivism
1441:Epistemology
1224:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1108:
1098:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1028:
975:
951:Magnificence
933:
783:
749:Schopenhauer
584:Coomaraswamy
502:Philosophers
490:
421:Aestheticism
299:
292:
285:
278:
271:
261:
254:
247:
244:Noël Carroll
237:
226:
206:
195:
180:
169:
147:
99:
97:
83:
81:
77:Noël Carroll
68:
62:
50:
41:film studies
20:
18:
3397:Film theory
3006:Objectivism
2945:Neo-Marxism
2907:Continental
2817:Meta-ethics
2797:Coherentism
2702:Hegelianism
2639:Rationalism
2599:Natural law
2579:Materialism
2505:Historicism
2475:Determinism
2366:Navya-Nyāya
2141:Sautrāntika
2136:Pudgalavada
2072:Vaisheshika
1925:Presocratic
1825:Renaissance
1764:Physicalism
1749:Materialism
1655:Normativity
1640:Objectivism
1625:Emergentism
1615:Behaviorism
1564:Metaphysics
1530:Determinism
1469:Rationalism
1044:(c. 335 BC)
1034:(c. 390 BC)
1013:Work of art
966:Picturesque
822:Avant-garde
779:Winckelmann
654:Kierkegaard
579:Collingwood
549:Baudrillard
476:Romanticism
446:Historicism
380:Mathematics
140:Film portal
101:Waking Life
70:André Bazin
57:silent film
37:film theory
3386:Categories
3305:Amerindian
3212:Australian
3151:Vietnamese
3131:Indonesian
2680:Kantianism
2629:Positivism
2619:Pragmatism
2594:Naturalism
2574:Liberalism
2552:Subjective
2490:Empiricism
2394:Avicennism
2339:Bhedabheda
2223:East Asian
2146:Madhyamaka
2126:Abhidharma
1992:Pyrrhonism
1759:Nominalism
1754:Naturalism
1683:Skepticism
1673:Relativism
1663:Absolutism
1592:Naturalism
1502:Deontology
1474:Skepticism
1459:Naturalism
1449:Empiricism
1413:Aesthetics
1317:Philosophy
983:Recreation
961:Perception
854:Creativity
554:Baumgarten
544:Baudelaire
426:Classicism
341:Aesthetics
161:References
29:philosophy
25:aesthetics
3184:Pakistani
3146:Taiwanese
3093:Ethiopian
3066:By region
3052:By region
2867:Scientism
2862:Systemics
2722:Spinozism
2649:Socialism
2584:Modernism
2547:Objective
2455:Anarchism
2389:Averroism
2278:Christian
2230:Neotaoism
2201:Zurvanism
2191:Mithraism
2186:Mazdakism
1957:Cyrenaics
1884:Logicians
1517:Free will
1479:Solipsism
1426:Formalism
988:Reverence
894:Eroticism
864:Depiction
837:Masculine
739:Santayana
699:Nietzsche
644:Hutcheson
634:Heidegger
619:Greenberg
574:Coleridge
539:Balthasar
524:Aristotle
486:Theosophy
481:Symbolism
456:Modernism
441:Formalism
302:, Paris,
229:, Paris,
98:The film
3370:Category
3325:Yugoslav
3315:Romanian
3222:Scottish
3207:American
3136:Japanese
3116:Buddhist
3098:Africana
3088:Egyptian
2930:Feminist
2852:Rawlsian
2847:Quietism
2745:Analytic
2697:Krausism
2604:Nihilism
2569:Kokugaku
2532:Absolute
2527:Idealism
2515:Humanism
2303:Occamism
2270:European
2215:Medieval
2161:Yogacara
2121:Buddhist
2114:Syādvāda
1997:Stoicism
1962:Cynicism
1950:Sophists
1945:Atomists
1940:Eleatics
1879:Legalism
1820:Medieval
1744:Idealism
1698:Ontology
1678:Nihilism
1582:Idealism
1340:Branches
1329:Branches
1263:Category
1195:Axiology
1064:(c. 500)
1054:(c. 100)
929:Judgment
884:Emotions
879:Elegance
859:Cuteness
832:Feminine
795:Concepts
764:Tanizaki
744:Schiller
729:Richards
719:Rancière
689:Maritain
624:Hanslick
564:Benjamin
436:Feminism
405:Theology
385:Medieval
375:Japanese
370:Internet
112:See also
3320:Russian
3289:Spanish
3284:Slovene
3274:Maltese
3269:Italian
3249:Finland
3217:British
3199:Western
3189:Turkish
3174:Islamic
3169:Iranian
3121:Chinese
3108:Eastern
3075:African
3022:more...
2707:Marxism
2537:British
2480:Dualism
2376:Islamic
2334:Advaita
2324:Vedanta
2298:Scotism
2293:Thomism
2235:Tiantai
2178:Persian
2166:Tibetan
2156:Śūnyatā
2097:Cārvāka
2087:Ājīvika
2082:Mīmāṃsā
2062:Samkhya
1977:Academy
1930:Ionians
1904:Yangism
1861:Chinese
1852:Ancient
1815:Western
1810:Ancient
1769:Realism
1726:Reality
1716:Process
1597:Realism
1577:Dualism
1572:Atomism
1454:Fideism
1258:Outline
1173:Related
1040:Poetics
1008:Tragedy
998:Sublime
971:Quality
956:Mimesis
914:Harmony
899:Fashion
874:Ecstasy
869:Disgust
785:more...
754:Scruton
679:Lyotard
614:Goodman
594:Deleuze
529:Aquinas
519:Alberti
492:more...
471:Realism
451:Marxism
431:Fascism
414:Schools
400:Science
355:Ancient
306:, 2018.
47:History
3279:Polish
3259:German
3254:French
3239:Danish
3229:Canada
3179:Jewish
3141:Korean
3126:Indian
2668:People
2589:Monism
2542:German
2510:Holism
2443:Modern
2421:Jewish
2344:Dvaita
2317:Indian
2240:Huayan
2092:Ajñana
2049:Indian
1914:Greco-
1899:Taoism
1889:Mohism
1835:Modern
1802:By era
1791:By era
1706:Action
1587:Monism
1507:Virtue
1489:Ethics
1164:(2009)
1154:(1977)
1144:(1946)
1134:(1939)
1124:(1935)
1114:(1934)
1104:(1933)
1094:(1891)
1084:(1835)
1074:(1757)
941:Kitsch
919:Humour
849:Comedy
827:Beauty
769:Vasari
759:Tagore
734:Ruskin
674:Lukács
664:Langer
609:Goethe
534:Balázs
514:Adorno
395:Nature
360:Africa
3310:Aztec
3264:Greek
3244:Dutch
3234:Czech
3083:Bantu
2520:Anti-
2067:Nyaya
2057:Hindu
1917:Roman
1711:Event
1353:Logic
1253:Index
1022:Works
1003:Taste
993:Style
774:Wilde
714:Plato
709:Pater
669:Lipps
629:Hegel
599:Dewey
589:Danto
569:Burke
390:Music
365:India
348:Areas
2411:Sufi
2245:Chan
2104:Jain
2077:Yoga
1607:Mind
1547:Hard
1535:Hard
977:Rasa
935:Kama
909:Gaze
844:Camp
724:Rand
659:Klee
649:Kant
639:Hume
559:Bell
33:film
19:The
2685:Neo
2250:Zen
904:Fun
684:Man
604:Fry
187:by
106:God
3388::
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1122:"
1092:"
270:,
246:,
108:.
90:.
43:.
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1302:t
1295:v
1128:"
1118:"
1088:"
333:e
326:t
319:v
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