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The rock gunnel may remain above the waterline at low tide, sheltered beneath rocks and algae, and can breathe air if necessary. They are frequently encountered on rocky shorelines, and splash around noticeably when uncovered. Within its North
American range, the rock gunnel disappears from the
447:
due to its flattened, elongated body. Fully grown adults can reach 30 cm in length. A long dorsal fin spans the body from just behind the head, supported by soft spiny rays. Its anal fin begins roughly midway along the body. The head is rather small with its lower jaw protruding and mouth
633:"Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Families: Anarhichadidae, Neozoarcidae, Eulophias, Stichaeidae, Lumpenidae, Ophistocentridae, Pholidae, Ptilichthyidae, Zaproridae, Cryptacanthodidae, Cebidichthyidae, Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae"
448:
turned upwards. Coloration is highly variable, ranging from hues of yellow-green to brown to crimson. A row of 9-13 dark spots, each surrounded by a pale ring, lines the dorsal fin. The butterfish has a maximum published
886:
938:
497:, mollusks and the eggs of fish. The female lays the eggs in a large mass on the seabed and this is closely guarded until the larvae hatch. The butterfish
480:
in the East
Atlantic. Within its range it is found from the intertidal zone to depths of over 100 m. The rock gunnel uses habitat sheltered by rocks and
860:
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561:
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both above and below the waterline, likely to protect it from its natural predators, which include seabirds, fish, and marine mammals.
834:
359:, the gunnels. This species is found in the coastal waters of the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Atlantic part of the Arctic Ocean.
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from
November to January, the female laying between 80 and 200 eggs in a ball-like mass placed beneath a stone or in the empty
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311:
256:
808:
943:
708:
Philip J. Sawyer (1967). "Intertidal Life-History of the Rock Gunnel, Pholis gunnellus, in the
Western Atlantic".
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intertidal during winter, likely to avoid freezing air temperatures. Their diet is made up of small crustaceans,
278:
393:
54:
681:
Shorty, J. T.; Gannon, D. P. (2013). "Habitat
Selection by the Rock Gunnel, Pholis gunnellus L. (Pholidae)".
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891:
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The rock gunnel is found in the coastal waters of North
America and Europe. It ranges from
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The
Country Life Guide to the Seashore and Shallow Seas of Britain and Europe.
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Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (4 July 2021).
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and
Linnaeus's Blennius gunnellus was later designated to be its
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http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kalat/rock-gunnel
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599:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
560:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
637:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
389:given as the Atlantic. In 1777 by the Italian
8:
639:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
743:
524:
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520:
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40:
31:
443:The rock gunnel is often mistaken for an
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428:, local name for this species, gunnel.
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7:
472:in the West Atlantic, and from the
367:The rock gunnel was first formally
25:
53:
601:"Genera in the family Pholidae"
611:California Academy of Sciences
576:California Academy of Sciences
1:
452:of 25 cm (9.8 in).
1029:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
375:in the 10th edition of the
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424:, possibly originating in
348:, is a species of marine
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174:
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50:Scientific classification
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39:
34:
546:. February 2022 version.
532:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
456:Distribution and habitat
394:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
683:Northeastern Naturalist
308:Gunnellus macrocephalus
209:Gunnellus cornubiensium
1024:Fish described in 1758
562:"Species in the genus
440:
739:on Sealife Collection
657:Campbell, A.C. 1984.
597:Eschmeyer, William N.
558:Eschmeyer, William N.
439:
193:Centronotus gunnellus
695:10.1656/045.020.0113
661:Country Life Books.
231:Blennius muraenoides
286:Muraenoides guttata
264:Ophidium mucronatum
253:Ophidium fulvescens
503:shell of a bivalve
441:
373:Blennius gunnellus
275:Gunnellus vulgaris
220:Blennius europaeus
185:Blennius gunnellus
1006:
1005:
978:Open Tree of Life
749:Taxon identifiers
606:Catalog of Fishes
571:Catalog of Fishes
352:belonging to the
332:
331:
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297:Gunnellus affinis
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282:
271:
260:
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242:Muraenoides sujef
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196:(Linnaeus, 1758)
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141:P. gunnellus
16:(Redirected from
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801:Pholis_gunnellus
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787:Pholis gunnellus
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536:Pholis gunnellus
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341:Pholis gunnellus
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18:Pholis gunnellus
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378:Systema Naturae
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350:ray-finned fish
204:Linnaeus, 1758
188:Linnaeus, 1758
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107:Scorpaeniformes
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27:Species of fish
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470:Delaware Bay
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418:latinisation
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35:Rock gunnel
29:
913:NatureServe
874:iNaturalist
781:Wikispecies
737:Rock gunnel
689:: 155–170.
495:polychaetes
432:Description
371:in 1758 as
336:rock gunnel
1013:Categories
735:Photos of
509:References
391:naturalist
346:butterfish
257:Rafinesque
466:Greenland
414:gunnellis
385:with the
369:described
301:Reinhardt
135:Species:
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
918:2.104201
892:11262189
848:FishBase
766:Wikidata
643:1 August
616:1 August
581:1 August
543:FishBase
488:Behavior
462:Labrador
426:Cornwall
363:Taxonomy
357:Pholidae
268:Mitchill
246:Lacepède
176:Synonyms
167:Linnaeus
117:Pholidae
113:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
866:5210421
772:Q640454
476:to the
422:English
325:, 1850
314:, 1850
303:, 1837
292:, 1836
290:Yarrell
281:, 1828
279:Fleming
270:, 1815
259:, 1810
248:, 1800
237:, 1779
226:, 1772
224:Olafsen
215:, 1759
169:, 1758)
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
1019:Pholis
996:126996
983:292702
970:126996
905:171645
879:152974
840:124483
710:Copeia
665:
564:Pholis
499:spawns
420:of an
409:. The
402:Pholis
354:family
344:), or
323:Storer
312:Girard
128:Pholis
991:WoRMS
944:56726
887:IRMNG
835:EUNIS
827:4GMHZ
814:68563
716:: 55.
482:algae
416:is a
398:genus
235:Zuiew
965:OBIS
957:2161
939:NCBI
900:ITIS
861:GBIF
853:3804
809:BOLD
714:1967
663:ISBN
645:2022
618:2022
583:2022
464:and
334:The
213:Seba
926:NBN
822:CoL
796:ADW
691:doi
468:to
445:eel
381:by
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338:(
165:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
