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1339:, a UAV, within four years; however, in January 2012, it was instead decided to extend the U-2's service life. Critics have pointed out that the RQ-4's cameras and sensors are less capable and lack all-weather operating capability; however, some of the U-2's sensors could be installed on the RQ-4. In late 2014, Lockheed Martin proposed converting the manned U-2 fleet into UAVs, which would substantially bolster its payload capability; however, the USAF declined to provide funding for such an extensive conversion.
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1040:'s aerial photographs were far ahead of their time. Together with other members of his reconnaissance squadron, he pioneered the technique of high-altitude, high-speed photography that was instrumental in revealing the locations of many crucial military and intelligence targets. Cotton also worked on ideas such as a prototype specialist reconnaissance aircraft and further refinements of photographic equipment. At its peak, British reconnaissance flights yielded 50,000 images per day to interpret.
619:
584:
391:
970:
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673:; a potent combination for reconnaissance. In the last half of 1942 Lockheed would produce 96 F-5As, based on the P-38G with all later P-38 photo-reconnaissance variants designated F-5. In its reconnaissance role, the Lightning was so effective that over 1,200 F-4 and F-5 variants were delivered by Lockheed, and it was the
1240:
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and during the same day a similar mission was flown by German mercenaries in
Ottoman service in the Thrace front against the Bulgarians. The Greek and the Ottoman mission flown during the same day are the first military aviation combat missions in a conventional war. A few days later, on 16 October 1912, a
610:
variants. With their armaments removed, these planes could attain a maximum speed of 396 mph while flying at an altitude of 30,000 feet, and were used for photo-reconnaissance missions. The
Spitfire PR was fitted with five cameras, which were heated to ensure good results (while the cockpit
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and cannon with four high-quality K-17 cameras. Approximately 120 F-4 and F-4As were hurriedly made available by March 1942, reaching the 8th
Photographic Squadron in Australia by April (the first P-38s to see action). The F-4 had an early advantage of long range and high speed combined with ability
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of the RAF suggested that airborne reconnaissance may be a task better suited to fast, small aircraft which would use their speed and high service ceiling to avoid detection and interception. Although this may perhaps seem obvious today with modern reconnaissance tasks performed by fast, high flying
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During 1942 and 1943, the CIU gradually expanded and was involved in the planning stages of practically every operation of the war, and in every aspect of intelligence. In 1945, daily intake of material averaged 25,000 negatives and 60,000 prints. Thirty-six million prints were made during the war.
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Due to the low cost of miniature UAVs, this technology brings aerial reconnaissance into the hands of soldiers on the ground. The soldier on the ground can both control the UAV and see its output, yielding great benefit over a disconnected approach. With small systems being man packable, operators
301:
The first reconnaissance flight in Europe took place in Greece, over
Thessaly, on 18 October 1912 (5 October by the Julian calendar) over the Ottoman army. The pilot also dropped some hand-grenades over the Turkish Army barracks, although without success. This was the first day of the Balkan wars,
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excelled in the photo-reconnaissance role; the converted bomber was fitted with three cameras installed in what had been the bomb bay. It had a cruising speed of 255 mph, maximum speed of 362 mph and a maximum altitude of 35,000 feet. The first converted PRU (Photo-Reconnaissance Unit)
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American personnel had for some time formed an increasing part of the CIU and on 1 May 1944 this was finally recognised by changing the title of the unit to the Allied
Central Interpretation Unit (ACIU). There were then over 1,700 personnel on the unit's strength. A large number of photographic
348:, as aircraft used for reconnaissance purposes were outfitted with cameras to record enemy movements and defences. At the start of the conflict, the usefulness of aerial photography was not fully appreciated, with reconnaissance being accomplished with map sketching from the air.
1431:
Low cost miniature UAVs demand increasingly miniature imaging payloads. Developments in miniature electronics have fueled the development of increasingly capable surveillance payloads, allowing miniature UAVs to provide high levels of capability in never before seen packages.
863:("Lightning") reconnaissance bomber was the world's first operational jet-powered bomber. The Ar 234B-1 was equipped with two Rb 50/30 or Rb 75/30 cameras, and its top speed of 460 mph allowed it to outrun the fastest non-jet Allied fighters of the time. The twin
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for high altitude flight. The photographic reconnaissance version of the B-29 was designated F-13 and carried a camera suite of three K-17B, two K-22 and one K-18 with provisions for others; it also retained the standard B-29 defensive armament of a dozen
751:, although they were effective for aerial reconnaissance due to their long range, inherent stability in flight and capacity to carry large camera payloads. American bombers with top speeds of less than 300 mph used for reconnaissance include the
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200:
they gathered information. Moreover, the presence of the balloon had a demoralizing effect on the
Austrian troops, which improved the likelihood of victory for the French troops. To operate such balloons, a new unit of the French military, the
830:, the Nakajima C6N first flew in 1943 and was also highly elusive to American aircraft due to its excellent performance and speed of almost 400 mph. As fate would have it on 15 August 1945, a C6N1 was the last aircraft to be shot down in
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images, using a between plate overlap of exactly 60%. Despite initial scepticism about the possibility of German rocket development, stereoscopic analysis proved its existence and major operations, including the 1943 offensives against the
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Moore-Brabazon also pioneered the incorporation of stereoscopic techniques into aerial photography, allowing the height of objects on the landscape to be discerned by comparing photographs taken at different angles. In 1916, the
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and were used increasingly frequently as they proved their pivotal military worth; by 1918 both sides were photographing the entire front twice a day and had taken over half a million photos since the beginning of the conflict.
464:, and L. W. Rogers photographed a block of land stretching from the Turkish front lines 32 miles (51 km) deep into their rear areas. Beginning 5 January, they flew with a fighter escort to ward off enemy fighters. Using
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was not). In the reconnaissance role, the
Spitfire proved to be extremely successful, resulting in numerous Spitfire variants being built specifically for that purpose. These served initially with what later became
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aircraft; these were at first were converted B-47 bombers, but later purposely built as RB-47 reconnaissance aircraft that had no bombing capability. Large cameras were mounted in the plane's belly and a truncated
226:
After the invention of photography, primitive aerial photographs were made of the ground from manned and unmanned balloons, starting in the 1860s, and from tethered kites from the 1880s onwards. An example was
261:
in 1896 had already built the first rocket carrying a camera, which took photographs of the
Swedish landscape during its flights. Maul improved his camera rockets and the Austrian Army even tested them in the
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was the world's largest combat-operational bomber when it appeared in 1944, with a top speed of over 350 mph which at that time was outstanding for such a large and heavy aircraft; the B-29 also had a
568:(RAF) developed an electric heating system for the aerial camera; this innovation allowed reconnaissance aircraft to take pictures from very high altitudes without the camera parts freezing. In 1939,
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effect when viewed in a stereoscope, thus creating a perception of depth that could aid in cartography and in intelligence derived from aerial images. The dirigibles were eventually allocated to the
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Since the 1980s, there has been an increasing tendency for militaries to rely upon assets other than manned aircraft to perform aerial reconnaissance. Alternative platforms include the use of
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fighters to destroy. More than 1,500 Ki-46s were built and its performance was upgraded later in the war with the Ki-46-III variant. Another purpose-designed reconnaissance aircraft for the
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airplanes, they not only overcame enemy air attacks, but also bucked 65 mile-per-hour winds, anti-aircraft fire, and malfunctioning equipment to complete their task circa 19 January 1918.
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are now able to deploy air assets quickly and directly. The low cost and ease of operation of these miniature UAVs has enabled forces such as the Libyan Rebels to use miniature UAVs.
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607:
996:(CIU) was later amalgamated with the Bomber Command Damage Assessment Section and the Night Photographic Interpretation Section of No 3 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit,
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company, greatly enhancing the efficiency of aerial photography. The camera was inserted into the floor of the aircraft and could be triggered by the pilot at intervals.
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observation planes, equipped with cameras for reconnaissance. The French Army developed procedures for getting prints into the hands of field commanders in record time.
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1332:. By 2005, such UAVs could reportedly be equipped with compact cameras capable of identifying an object the size of a milk carton from altitudes of 60,000 feet.
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in allusion to its function as a spiritual successor to the retired SR-71 Blackbird. The company has also developed several other reconnaissance UAVs, such as the
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or Pink camouflage colours to make them difficult to spot in the air, and often were stripped of weapons or had engines modified for better performance at high
906:). Approximately 50 Ju 388Ls were produced under rapidly deteriorating conditions at the end of the war. As with other high performance weapons introduced by
193:
1453:
1309:
930:
612:
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799:, a twin-engined aircraft designed expressly for the reconnaissance role with defensive armament of 1 light machine gun, entered service in 1941.
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in 1915 the entire system of German trenches was being photographed. The first purpose-built and practical aerial camera was invented by
Captain
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594:(PL965) was a long range, high-altitude reconnaissance variant capable of flying from airfields in England and photographing targets in Berlin.
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The collection and interpretation of aerial reconnaissance intelligence became a considerable enterprise during the war. Beginning in 1941,
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The U-2 has repeatedly been considered for retirement in favour of drones. In 2011, the USAF revealed plans to replace the U-2 with the
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1008:, the print library, which documented and stored worldwide cover, held 5,000,000 prints from which 40,000 reports had been produced.
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Ludwig
Rahrmann in 1891 patented a means of attaching a camera to a large calibre artillery projectile or rocket, and this inspired
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specially selected and trained due to the aircraft's extreme performance characteristics in addition to risk of being captured as
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1300:, into the capable RA-5C Vigilante reconnaissance aircraft. Beginning in the early 1980s, the U.S. Navy outfitted and deployed
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as an aid to correcting and improving maps of the Turkish front. This was a pioneering use of aerial photography as an aid for
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Albatros aircraft performed one of Europe's first reconnaissance flight in combat conditions, against the Turkish lines on the
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to conduct an aerial reconnaissance mission; Another aviation first occurred on November 1 with the first ever dropping of an
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intended solely for the high-altitude aerial reconnaissance role. Advanced features of the DFS 228 design included a
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arrived later in the conflict and, by spring 1945, became the dominant reconnaissance type flown by the USAAF in the
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185:
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Immediately after the Second World War, the long range aerial reconnaissance role was quickly taken up by adapted
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141:
1128:
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710:
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736:(USAF) stated of the aircraft: "I consider the Mosquito the best photo-reconnaissance aircraft of the war". The
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1403:(VTOL Rotorcraft) – Some UAVs are small enough to carry in a backpack with similar functionality to larger ones
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1207:
910:, too many circumstances in the war's logistics had changed by late 1944 for such aircraft to have any impact.
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Germany was one of the first countries to adopt the use of a camera for aerial reconnaissance, opting for a
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in 1912 and 1913, but by then and from that time on camera-carrying aircraft were found to be superior.
1975:
1086:, photographs were used to establish the size and the characteristic launching mechanisms for both the
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of 1911–1912. On 23 October 1911, an Italian pilot, Capt. Carlo Piazza, flew over the Turkish lines in
1312:(TARPS), which provided naval aerial reconnaissance capability until the Tomcat's retirement in 2006.
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escape capsule for the pilot. The aircraft never flew under rocket power with only unpowered glider
2741:
The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and Oxcart Programs, 1954–1974
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1484:
1301:
1234:
933:(German Institute for Sailplane Flight) and in concept is an interesting precursor to the post-war
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from the Ju 388's original multi-role conception as not only a bomber but also a night fighter and
689:, with the resulting photographs transferred to Medmenham for interpretation. Approximately 15,000
441:
410:
1456:(TARPS). Some aircraft made for non-military applications also have reconnaissance pods, i.e. the
2818:
2603:
2212:
1469:
1418:
1283:
1075:
944:
677:'s (USAAF) primary photo-reconnaissance type used throughout the war in all combat theatres. The
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removed and replaced with extra fuel and cameras. This concept led to the development of the
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Reconnaissance pods can be carried by fighter-bomber aircraft. Examples include the British
1400:
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1336:
1305:
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796:
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and physical models made to facilitate understanding of what was there or what it was for.
2697:(Crowood Aviation series). Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, 2005.
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380:
372:, so Laws formed the first aerial reconnaissance unit of fixed-wing aircraft; this became
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220:
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1654:
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fighters at 35,000 ft, and could roam almost anywhere. Colonel Roy M. Stanley II of
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2650:
2628:
1807:: The correct date in the Gregorian calendar is 18 October, not 21 as the source claims.
1601:
583:
390:
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1021:
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921:-powered high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft under development in the latter part of
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and also pressurized central and inner wing tanks to reduce fuel vaporization at high
405:
recon pilots began to use cameras for recording their observations in 1914 and by the
364:. He discovered that vertical photos taken with 60% overlap could be used to create a
2802:
2342:
1579:
1265:
1211:
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was the main interpretation centre for photographic reconnaissance operations in the
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887:
872:
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429:
395:
192:, the first military reconnaissance aircraft. The balloon found its first use in the
27:
Military exploration and observation by means of aircraft or other airborne platforms
205:, was established; this organisation has been recognised as being the world's first
17:
1474:
1412:
1396:
1382:
1275:(Remotely Piloted Vehicle) unmanned drone aircraft which were partly funded by the
1227:
1203:
1187:
1179:
1164:(ELINT), with additional equipment operator crew stations in the bomb bay; unarmed
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937:
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907:
857:
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816:
365:
295:
258:
228:
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1043:
Of particular significance in the success of the work of Medmenham was the use of
2308:
1949:
1857:
1160:. Later versions of the RB-47, such as the RB-47H, were extensively modified for
1631:
1329:
1245:
1025:
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729:
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311:
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1091:
1049:
1028:, who went on to gain popular acclaim as the host of the television game show
854:
706:
623:
469:
369:
428:
By the end of the war, aerial cameras had dramatically increased in size and
2085:
1802:
Walter J. Boyne (ed.) Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia: A-L, p. 66
1219:
952:
846:
383:, in 1913. French Military Aviation began the war with several squadrons of
340:
with an aerial reconnaissance camera fixed to the side of the fuselage, 1916
282:
206:
144:
to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or by
84:. The role of reconnaissance can fulfil a variety of requirements including
2795:
The official archive of British Government declassified aerial photography.
1248:
was also modified as an aerial reconnaissance aircraft during the cold war.
1198:
led to development of several highly specialized and clandestine strategic
838:
reconnaissance bomber, which was in a similar class of performance as the
1230:
1195:
1153:
1063:
Particularly important sites were measured, from the images, using Swiss
1057:
941:
725:
670:
654:
303:
77:
73:
1261:
1215:
914:
883:
721:
521: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2406:|topnews|text|FRONTPAGE "Sources: USAF to kill block 30 Global Hawks."
1214:). Flying these aircraft became an exceptionally demanding task, with
2511:"Speed is the New Stealth: The SR-72 Challenges the Future at Mach 6"
1449:
1124:
1005:
744:
685:. American photo-reconnaissance operations in Europe were centred at
50:
2469:"U-2 poised to receive radar upgrade, but not un-manned conversion."
1671:(photographs by Alfred Nobel's rocket and the Bavarian pigeon fleet)
1566:
Science and Polity in France: The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Years
425:
made vertical camera axis aerial photos above Italy for map-making.
1168:
WB-47s with cameras and meteorological instruments also served the
740:(USAAF) designation for the photo-reconnaissance Mosquito was F-8.
1445:
1377:
1239:
1174:
1101:
637:
were also adapted for photo-reconnaissance, including the British
617:
603:
582:
548:
389:
327:
278:
211:
1020:. Two renowned archaeologists also worked there as interpreters:
803:"Dinah" this aircraft was fast, elusive and proved difficult for
2600:"Aeryon Scout Micro UAV Helps Libyan Rebels in March to Tripoli"
2251:
Donald, David. "Northrop Grumman F-14 Tomcat, U.S. Navy today".
1260:(NRO). Risks such as loss or capture of reconnaissance aircraft
1110:
1074:
It is claimed that Medmanham's greatest operational success was
246:. These pigeons carried small cameras that incorporated timers.
2391:
Shalal-Esa, Andrea. "U.S. Air Force to Kill Global Hawk UAV."
1602:"History of Remote Sensing: In the Beginning; Launch Vehicles"
842:, but only 16 were built and did not see operational service.
560:, in which he made a high-speed reconnaissance flight in 1940.
490:
109:
1113:
batteries to plan attacks against enemy positions during the
2539:"7 Secret Ways America's Stealth Armada Stays Off the Radar"
789:
was also used for reconnaissance over Japan in August 1945.
1135:, that were capable of flying higher or faster than enemy
743:
Apart from (for example) the Mosquito, most World War II
344:
The use of aerial photography rapidly matured during the
269:
The first use of airplanes in combat missions was by the
1237:
caused political turmoil at the height of the Cold War.
879:. The photographic reconnaissance Ju 388L variant had a
444:
to photograph a 624-square-mile (1,620 km) area in
354:
started experiments in aerial photography in 1912 with
2625:"Upgrades Dominate Small UAV Payload Design Activities"
1515:
List of United States Air Force reconnaissance aircraft
1510:
United States aerial reconnaissance of the Soviet Union
1252:
Beginning in the early 1960s, United States aerial and
976:, where aerial reconnaissance intelligence was analysed
2792:
2774:
Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2010.
2570:"RQ-170 not intended to replace Predators and Reapers"
2014:. Little Brown Hardbacks (A & C). pp. 80–81.
1541:. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from
1109:
photographic analyst elucidates the location of enemy
871:
high-altitude bomber was an ultimate evolution of the
2744:. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 1992.
1539:"Military Use of Balloons During the Napoleonic Era"
184:
to observe enemy manoeuvres and appointed scientist
2211:Grossnick, Roy A. (1997). "Part 10 The Seventies".
2437:"Global Hawk trails U-2 despite retirement plans."
1927:. Little Brown Hardbacks (A & C). p. 42.
2421:"Analysts predict A-10, U-2 retirements in FY15."
2086:"Operation Crossbow", BBC2, broadcast 15 May 2011
1024:, the first woman to hold an Oxbridge Chair, and
2772:V-Weapons Hunt: Defeating German Secret Weapons.
1342:During the 2010s, American defense conglomerate
1082:infrastructure in northern France. According to
660:The American F-4, a factory modification of the
180:, the new rulers became interested in using the
2458:, 24 November 2014. Retrieved: 7 December 2015.
2442:, 27 February 2014. Retrieved: 7 December 2015.
2377:"Global Hawk to replace U-2 spy plane in 2015."
755:(photo-reconnaissance variant designated F-7),
697:reconnaissance aircraft between 1941 and 1945.
580:aircraft, at the time it was radical thinking.
2738:Pedlow, Gregory W. & Donald E Welzenbach.
2426:, 7 February 2014. Retrieved: 7 December 2015.
1951:Aviator Extraordinary: The Sidney Cotton Story
1060:and 96 other launch sites in northern France.
61:troops clearly identify it as an Allied plane.
779:first flight by an Allied aircraft over Tokyo
8:
2411:25 January 2012. Retrieved: 25 January 2012.
2395:24 January 2012. Retrieved: 24 January 2012.
2186:Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC®)
1784:Aviation at the Start of the First World War
1078:which, from 23 December 1943, destroyed the
693:aerial cameras were manufactured for use in
2710:British Racing and Record Breaking Aircraft
2474:, 31 July 2015. Retrieved: 7 December 2015.
2366:, 11 January 2006. Retrieved: 8 March 2009.
2346:, 26 August 2008. Retrieved: 10 March 2009.
2188:. Mitchell Institute for Airpower Studies.
2081:
2079:
1708:"Cameras in Model Rockets: A Short History"
1454:Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance Pod System
1427:(aircraft – electric – Made in New Zealand)
1310:Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance Pod System
294:, on Turkish troops from an early model of
2486:"Skunk Works Reveals SR-71 Successor Plan"
2382:10 August 2011. Retrieved: 22 August 2011.
2137:"RB-47E USSR Overflights by the 91st SRW."
1186:on 14 October 1962 (photograph taken by a
598:Cotton and Longbottom proposed the use of
92:, and the observation of enemy maneuvers.
2793:National Collection of Aerial Photography
2065:Allied Central Interpretation Unit (ACIU)
2060:
2058:
2056:
1495:National Collection of Aerial Photography
834:. Japan also developed the high-altitude
777:. In November 1944 an F-13 conducted the
537:Learn how and when to remove this message
2770:Stanley, Colonel Roy M. II, USAF (Ret).
2453:"Lockheed updates unmanned U-2 concept."
2255:. London: AIRtime Publishing Inc, 2004.
2167:Pedlow and Welzenbach 1992, pp. 170–177.
1415:(aircraft – electric – Made in Slovenia)
968:
931:Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug
36:
30:For broader coverage of this topic, see
2723:Natola, Mark. "Boeing B-47 Stratojet."
1884:"Lieutenant Leonard T.E. Taplin, D.F.C"
1856:Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2003).
1818:"A Brief History of Aerial Photography"
1530:
1409:(aircraft – electric – Made in Germany)
657:(over 40,000 ft (12,000 m)).
2757:Spyplane: The U-2 History Declassified
2275:"The U.S. and Unmanned Flight: Part 1"
2273:Gasparre, Richard (January 25, 2008).
2214:United States Naval Aviation 1910–1995
1886:. Southsearepublic.org. Archived from
1782:U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission:
1421:(aircraft – electric – Made in Turkey)
902:(which ended up not being deployed in
613:No. 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit
2580:from the original on 15 December 2009
2568:Trimble, Stephen (10 December 2009).
2549:from the original on 17 December 2012
1661:from the original on 26 February 2009
1595:
1593:
1182:truck convoy deploying missiles near
1012:interpreters were recruited from the
622:Aerial reconnaissance photographs of
482:Aerial reconnaissance in World War II
318:Maturation during the First World War
188:to conduct studies using the balloon
7:
2491:Aviation Week & Space Technology
2357:"DoD cuts Air Force aircraft fleet."
2355:Sherman, Jason and Daniel G Dupont.
2179:"Air Force UAVs: The Secret History"
1954:. Chatto & Windus. p. 169.
1859:How It Works: Science and Technology
1608:from the original on 30 January 2009
728:. The Mosquito was faster than most
519:adding citations to reliable sources
324:Aerial reconnaissance in World War I
231:'s kite-borne camera photographs of
2674:"'Eternal planes' to watch over us"
2331:"USAF not ready to retire the U-2."
2299:Fickes, Michael (October 1, 2004).
1682:"The History of Aerial Photography"
1346:promoted its proposal to develop a
1304:aircraft in one squadron aboard an
940:, being essentially a powered long-
217:Pigeon with German miniature camera
106:Imagery intelligence § History
53:circa June 1944. It is marked with
2651:"Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod"
2036:"Unlocking Buckinghamshire's Past"
1862:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 33.
1655:"Remote Sensing Tutorial Overview"
1584:First, Lasts & Onlys: Military
809:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
487:High-speed reconnaissance aircraft
25:
2509:Bronk, Justin (5 November 2013).
2329:Butler, Amy and David A Fulghum.
2192:from the original on May 18, 2017
1976:"Early Days Remote Sensing (PDF)"
1147:, the United States begun to use
1131:and its American development the
664:, replaced the nose-mounted four
440:used five Australian pilots from
102:Aerial photography § History
2759:. London: Zenith Imprint, 2001.
2177:Ehrhard, Thomas P. (July 2010).
1452:; and the US Navy's F-14 Tomcat
1442:Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod
1393:(airplane – electric propulsion)
853:in combat in 1944, and the twin-
649:. Such aircraft were painted in
495:
394:A German observation plane, the
114:
80:purpose that is conducted using
2537:Axe, David (13 December 2012).
2516:Royal United Services Institute
2484:Norris, Guy (4 November 2013).
1628:"History of Aerial Photography"
1359:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
506:needs additional citations for
336:reconnaissance aircraft of the
1258:National Reconnaissance Office
358:using the British dirigible
1:
2220:. history.navy.mil. pp.
2106:"FAI Canberra World Records."
1910:"Photography Before Edgerton"
1564:Gillispie, Charles Coulston.
1286:opted to convert many of its
1202:, or spy planes, such as the
1031:Animal, Vegetable or Mineral?
738:United States Army Air Forces
675:United States Army Air Forces
413:in 1915 with the help of the
352:Frederick Charles Victor Laws
2602:. aeryon.com. Archived from
2362:24 February 2008 at Wikiwix
2118:. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
1843:"Royal Flying Corps Founded"
1759:"The World's First Warplane"
1626:Podolski Consulting (2009).
1298:North American A-5 Vigilante
466:Royal Aircraft Factory BE.12
2672:Twist, Jo (2 August 2005).
2149:. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
1353:, which it referred to the
994:Central Interpretation Unit
894:'s perceived threat of the
787:Consolidated B-32 Dominator
238:In the early 20th century,
128:the scope of other articles
2840:
2301:"Automated Eye In The Sky"
1328:(UAVs), such as the armed
962:
705:Mosquito was delivered to
479:
321:
194:1794 conflict with Austria
169:
132:Aerial photography#History
99:
29:
2158:Natola 2002, pp. 179–181.
1172:(USAF) during the 1960s.
1129:English Electric Canberra
955:flown prior to May 1945.
763:(F-9). The revolutionary
2712:. London: Putnam, 1970.
2111:12 February 2009 at the
2096:Polmar 2001, p. 11.
2010:Downing, Taylor (2011).
1923:Downing, Taylor (2011).
1326:unmanned aerial vehicles
1254:satellite reconnaissance
775:.50 caliber machine guns
602:with their armament and
407:Battle of Neuve Chapelle
2725:Schiffer Publishing Ltd
2336:8 December 2012 at the
2279:airforce-technology.com
2070:March 12, 2013, at the
1948:Cotton, Sidney (1969).
1322:surveillance satellites
1256:was coordinated by the
1200:reconnaissance aircraft
1170:United States Air Force
734:United States Air Force
717:and later variants had
662:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
423:Austro-Hungarian Empire
203:French Aerostatic Corps
82:reconnaissance aircraft
2305:GovernmentSecurity.com
2253:Warplanes of the Fleet
1789:9 October 2012 at the
1653:Nicholas M. Short Sr.
1600:Nicholas M. Short Sr.
1505:Spatial reconnaissance
1391:AeroVironment Wasp III
1386:
1282:During the 1960s, the
1249:
1224:American U-2 shot down
1206:and its successor the
1191:
1166:weather reconnaissance
1156:was used for carrying
1117:
1014:Hollywood Film Studios
977:
822:("Iridescent Cloud").
630:
595:
561:
398:
341:
223:
62:
47:Lockheed F-5 Lightning
2809:Aerial reconnaissance
2695:de Havilland Mosquito
2576:. The DEW Line blog.
1500:Surveillance aircraft
1381:
1308:with a system called
1243:
1178:
1105:
1052:development plant at
972:
925:. It was designed by
711:Geoffrey de Havilland
702:de Havilland Mosquito
621:
586:
552:
393:
331:
264:Turkish-Bulgarian War
215:
146:splitting the content
140:and help introduce a
66:Aerial reconnaissance
45:photo-reconnaissance
40:
2824:Military cartography
2631:on 27 September 2016
2000:Stanley 2010, p. 35.
1731:"Maul Camera Rocket"
1490:Imagery intelligence
1480:Air observation post
1264:also contributed to
1162:signals intelligence
1143:. Shortly after the
965:Imagery intelligence
761:B-17 Flying Fortress
747:were not as fast as
515:improve this article
462:Edward Patrick Kenny
458:Allan Runciman Brown
235:starting from 1889.
90:imagery intelligence
88:, the collection of
18:Photo-reconnaissance
2147:The Cold War Museum
2127:Lewis 1970, p. 371.
1991:Bowman 2005, p. 21.
1747:(summary and photo)
1688:on 6 September 2008
1568:. pp. 372–373.
1485:Forward air control
1436:Reconnaissance pods
1302:Grumman F-14 Tomcat
1268:development of the
1184:San Cristóbal, Cuba
785:of April 1942. The
411:John Moore-Brabazon
255:Maul Camera Rockets
148:into a new article.
2498:on March 30, 2015.
2142:2008-02-27 at the
1470:Aerial photography
1419:Bayraktar Mini UAV
1387:
1284:United States Navy
1279:during the 1960s.
1250:
1192:
1118:
1076:Operation Crossbow
978:
765:B-29 Superfortress
631:
596:
577:Maurice Longbottom
562:
442:No. 1 Squadron AFC
403:Royal Flying Corps
399:
374:No. 3 Squadron RAF
356:No. 1 Squadron RAF
342:
257:starting in 1903.
244:pigeon photography
242:experimented with
224:
166:Early developments
138:discuss this issue
86:artillery spotting
63:
32:Aerial photography
2780:978-1-84884-259-5
2311:on March 18, 2005
2021:978-1-4087-0280-2
1961:978-0-7011-1334-6
1934:978-1-4087-0280-2
1757:Maksel, Rebecca.
1582:; Harrison, Ian.
1194:The onset of the
1067:machines made by
898:'s high-altitude
770:pressurized cabin
641:and the American
592:Spitfire PR Mk XI
564:During 1928, the
547:
546:
539:
436:In January 1918,
275:Italo-Turkish War
271:Italian Air Force
240:Julius Neubronner
198:Battle of Fleurus
178:French Revolution
172:Espionage balloon
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
2831:
2755:Polmar, Norman.
2693:Bowman, Martin.
2682:
2681:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2627:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2494:. Archived from
2481:
2475:
2472:Flightglobal.com
2465:
2459:
2449:
2443:
2433:
2427:
2424:Flightglobal.com
2418:
2412:
2404:Majumdar, Dave.
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2380:Air Force Times,
2375:Majumdar, Dave.
2373:
2367:
2353:
2347:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2307:. Archived from
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2264:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2219:
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2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2062:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2038:. Archived from
2032:
2026:
2025:
2012:Spies in the Sky
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1925:Spies in the Sky
1920:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:on July 15, 2012
1880:
1874:
1873:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1845:. History Today.
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1820:. Archived from
1814:
1808:
1799:
1793:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1733:. Archived from
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1710:. 8 January 2007
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1684:. Archived from
1678:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1630:. Archived from
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1535:
1458:Qinetiq Mercator
1444:(DJRP); Chinese
1401:Aeryon SkyRanger
1337:RQ-4 Global Hawk
1306:aircraft carrier
1158:photoflash bombs
1069:Wild (Heerbrugg)
959:Imagery analysis
888:bomber destroyer
849:began deploying
815:, single-engine
797:Mitsubishi Ki-46
709:in July 1941 by
683:European theatre
542:
535:
531:
528:
522:
499:
491:
476:Second World War
460:, H. L. Fraser,
415:Thornton-Pickard
308:Balkan peninsula
186:Charles Coutelle
158:
155:
149:
118:
117:
110:
55:invasion stripes
21:
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2519:
2508:
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2483:
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2462:
2450:
2446:
2435:Sisk, Richard.
2434:
2430:
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2354:
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2338:Wayback Machine
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2113:Wayback Machine
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2100:
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2072:Wayback Machine
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1791:Wayback Machine
1781:
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1763:airspacemag.com
1756:
1755:
1751:
1740:
1738:
1737:on 7 March 2009
1728:
1727:
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1634:on 6 March 2009
1625:
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1599:
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1573:
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1558:
1548:
1546:
1545:on May 28, 2010
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1466:
1438:
1425:RQ-84Z Areohawk
1372:
1367:
1344:Lockheed Martin
1318:
1233:and capture of
1210:(both from the
1208:SR-71 Blackbird
1107:Fifth Air Force
1100:
1088:V-1 flying bomb
1065:stereoautograph
967:
961:
836:Tachikawa Ki-74
669:to fly at high
566:Royal Air Force
543:
532:
526:
523:
512:
500:
489:
484:
478:
438:General Allenby
346:First World War
326:
320:
285:, performed by
253:to develop his
221:First World War
196:, where in the
174:
168:
159:
153:
150:
135:
130:, specifically
119:
115:
108:
98:
49:in flight over
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2837:
2835:
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2826:
2821:
2816:
2814:Aerial warfare
2811:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2787:External links
2785:
2784:
2783:
2768:
2753:
2736:
2721:
2708:Lewis, Peter.
2706:
2689:
2686:
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2616:
2591:
2560:
2529:
2501:
2476:
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2413:
2397:
2393:Aviation Week,
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2027:
2020:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1981:. web.mst.edu.
1967:
1960:
1940:
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1915:
1912:. web.mit.edu.
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1580:Beadle, Jeremy
1571:
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1371:
1370:Miniature UAVs
1368:
1366:
1363:
1317:
1314:
1270:Ryan Model 147
1127:, such as the
1099:
1096:
1022:Dorothy Garrod
1018:Xavier Atencio
992:theatres. The
963:Main article:
960:
957:
875:by way of the
869:Junkers Ju 388
826:"Myrt" by the
783:Doolittle Raid
753:B-24 Liberator
691:Fairchild K-20
687:RAF Mount Farm
643:P-38 Lightning
628:D-Day landings
574:Flying Officer
545:
544:
527:September 2021
503:
501:
494:
488:
485:
480:Main article:
477:
474:
454:Leonard Taplin
452:. Lieutenants
322:Main article:
319:
316:
314:of 1912–1913.
292:Giulio Gavotti
190:L'Entreprenant
167:
164:
161:
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154:September 2021
122:
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70:reconnaissance
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2765:0-7603-0957-4
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2750:0-7881-8326-5
2747:
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2733:0-76431-670-2
2730:
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2718:0-370-00067-6
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2703:1-86126-736-3
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2606:on 2011-09-19
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2467:Drew, James.
2464:
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2456:Aviation Week
2454:
2451:Butler, Amy.
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1586:. p. 42.
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2688:Bibliography
2677:
2667:
2657:14 September
2655:. Retrieved
2653:. raf.mod.uk
2645:
2635:26 September
2633:. Retrieved
2629:the original
2619:
2608:. Retrieved
2604:the original
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2574:FlightGlobal
2573:
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2551:. Retrieved
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2409:Defense News
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2364:Military.com
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2309:the original
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1735:the original
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1686:the original
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1621:
1610:. Retrieved
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1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1533:
1475:Aerorozvidka
1439:
1430:
1413:Bramor C4EYE
1397:Aeryon Scout
1383:Aeryon Scout
1373:
1365:Technologies
1341:
1334:
1319:
1296:bomber, the
1281:
1251:
1204:Lockheed U-2
1193:
1119:
1073:
1062:
1045:stereoscopic
1042:
1036:
1029:
1010:
1002:
979:
927:Felix Kracht
923:World War II
912:
908:Nazi Germany
860:
858:Arado Ar 234
851:jet aircraft
844:
832:World War II
819:
817:Nakajima C6N
791:
742:
700:The British
699:
666:machine guns
659:
647:P-51 Mustang
632:
597:
563:
558:Lockheed 12A
533:
524:
513:Please help
508:verification
505:
435:
427:
419:
400:
378:
366:stereoscopic
360:
350:
343:
300:
296:Etrich Taube
288:Sottotenente
286:
268:
259:Alfred Nobel
248:
237:
229:Arthur Batut
225:
189:
175:
151:
124:
65:
64:
2584:11 December
2553:14 December
2440:DoDBuzz.com
1729:Mark Wade.
1330:MQ-9 Reaper
1262:crewmembers
1246:F-4 Phantom
1133:Martin B-57
1026:Glyn Daniel
1000:, in 1942.
949:pressurized
881:pressurized
759:(F-10) and
719:pressurized
679:Mustang F-6
608:Spitfire PR
450:cartography
430:focal power
312:Balkan Wars
283:aerial bomb
273:during the
251:Alfred Maul
233:Labruguière
2803:Categories
2610:2012-04-18
2237:2 November
2046:2014-01-11
1894:24 January
1828:2014-01-11
1612:2009-03-13
1521:References
1407:EMT Aladin
1348:hypersonic
1288:supersonic
1145:Korean War
1115:Korean War
1092:V-2 rocket
1084:R.V. Jones
1054:Peenemünde
1050:V-2 rocket
1016:including
953:prototypes
781:since the
707:RAF Benson
624:Utah Beach
470:Martinsyde
370:Royal Navy
298:aircraft.
176:After the
170:See also:
126:duplicates
100:See also:
2819:Espionage
2522:22 August
1526:Citations
1235:its pilot
890:, due to
867:-engined
847:Luftwaffe
824:Codenamed
801:Codenamed
715:PR Mk XVI
655:altitudes
600:Spitfires
446:Palestine
304:Bulgarian
207:air force
78:strategic
2727:, 2002.
2678:BBC News
2578:Archived
2547:Archived
2360:Archived
2334:Archived
2315:13 March
2284:13 March
2190:Archived
2140:Archived
2109:Archived
2068:Archived
1787:Archived
1768:25 March
1741:13 March
1714:13 March
1692:13 March
1665:13 March
1659:Archived
1638:13 March
1606:Archived
1464:See also
1385:VTOL UAV
1231:airspace
1196:Cold War
1154:bomb bay
1141:defenses
1137:aircraft
1098:Cold War
1090:and the
1058:Wizernes
986:European
942:wingspan
935:American
840:Mosquito
811:was the
749:fighters
726:altitude
722:cockpits
671:altitude
651:PRU Blue
639:Mosquito
635:fighters
589:PRU Blue
74:military
57:to help
2196:20 July
2116:fai.org
1549:1 April
1294:nuclear
1125:bombers
929:at the
915:DFS 228
884:cockpit
745:bombers
615:(PRU).
385:Bleriot
182:balloon
136:Please
96:History
2778:
2763:
2748:
2731:
2716:
2701:
2259:
2228:
2224:–325.
2018:
1958:
1931:
1866:
1450:RAPTOR
1228:Soviet
1222:. The
1180:Soviet
1006:VE-day
945:glider
919:rocket
917:was a
904:Europe
877:Ju 188
865:piston
828:Allies
805:Allied
695:Allied
633:Other
604:radios
334:B.E.2c
104:, and
72:for a
59:Allied
51:Europe
2543:Wired
2218:(pdf)
2182:(PDF)
1979:(PDF)
1448:; UK
1446:KZ900
1355:SR-72
1220:spies
1216:crews
1149:RB-47
873:Ju 88
861:Blitz
820:Saiun
730:enemy
587:This
279:Libya
43:USAAF
2776:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2699:ISBN
2659:2020
2637:2016
2586:2009
2555:2012
2524:2017
2317:2009
2286:2009
2257:ISBN
2239:2016
2226:ISBN
2198:2015
2016:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1896:2013
1864:ISBN
1805:Note
1770:2018
1743:2009
1716:2009
1694:2009
1667:2009
1640:2009
1551:2007
1324:and
1266:U.S.
1244:The
1111:flak
988:and
913:The
900:B-29
896:U.S.
845:The
794:Army
645:and
572:and
468:and
401:The
381:Görz
361:Beta
2222:324
1351:UAV
1277:NRO
1273:RPV
1226:in
1188:U-2
1139:or
1122:jet
1080:V-1
1004:By
938:U-2
892:RLM
855:jet
556:'s
517:by
338:RFC
76:or
68:is
2805::
2676:.
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2078:^
2055:^
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1592:^
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1190:.)
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332:A
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