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Sand flies are small; a body size of about 3 mm in length is typical for many species, which aids them in escaping notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later. Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sand flies
242:
in the blood they eat enable the female to produce the proteins and fats necessary for them to produce eggs after using up their bodily food stores. In feeding on blood, the flies use their mouthparts to initiate bleeding from the host. They then suck up the exposed blood. Like practically all
229:
they find. Some species can produce one clutch of eggs before their first blood meal; such females are said to practise autogenous or partly autogenous reproduction. Other species need a blood meal before they can produce any eggs at all; they are said to practise
258:
One blood meal can support the production of about 100 eggs. Females lay their eggs in humid soil rich in organic matter. Laboratory colonies of various phlebotomine sand fly species have been established for experimental study.
1200:
Abbasi, Ibrahim; Trancoso Lopo de
Queiroz, Artur; Kirstein, Oscar David; Nasereddin, Abdelmajeed; Horwitz, Ben Zion; Hailu, Asrat; Salah, Ikram; Mota, Tiago Feitosa; Fraga, Deborah Bittencourt Mothé (13 November 2018).
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Azar, D.; Nel, A.; Solignac, M.; Paicheler, J.-C.; Bouchet, F. (1999). "New genera and species of psychodoid flies from the Lower
Cretaceous amber of Lebanon".
898:
1500:
Poinar Jr, George. "Palaeomyia burmitis gen. n., sp. n.(Phlebotominidae: Diptera) a new genus of
Cretaceous sandflies with evidence of blood sucking habits".
1267:
Braverman, Y. Nematocera (Ceratopogonidae, Psychodidae, Simuliidae and
Culicidae) and control methods Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 1994,13(4), 1175-1199
1918:
1694:
206:
Phlebotomine sandflies have a diet that includes both blood and plant-derived sugar meals. Phlebotomine females, and only females, suck blood from various
1841:
1160:
Azar, Nel, Solignac, Paicheler, Bouchet (1999). "New genera and species of psychodoid flies from the Lower
Cretaceous amber of Lebanon".
1140:
339:
Phlebotomine sand flies can be found between the latitudes 50°N and 40°S, but are absent from New
Zealand and the Pacific Islands.
1913:
1631:"Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Phlebotomine Sandflies (ISOPS IX), Reims, France, June 28th–July 1st, 2016"
1846:
1629:
Depaquit, JĂ©rĂ´me; Pesson, Bernard; Augot, Denis; Hamilton, James Gordon
Campbell; Lawyer, Phillip; LĂ©ger, Nicole (2016).
67:
1753:
1481:
Barretto, M.P. (1962). "Novos subgeneros de
Lutzomyia Franca, 1924 (Diptera, Psychodidae, subfamilia Phlebotominae)".
1807:
262:
A 2018 study showed that several sandfly species in different parts of the world displayed a notable preference for
1678:
1573:"An illustrated guide for characters and terminology used in descriptions of Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae)"
1859:
1820:
45:
1548:
Mangabeira, O. (1941). "5a contribuição ao estudo dos
Flebotomus. Viannamyia n. subg. (Diptera: Psychodidae)".
1377:
Galati, E.A.B. (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of
Phlebotominae (Diptera) with emphasis on American groups".
1683:
243:
blood-feeding parasites, they inject biochemicals that inhibit blood clotting, plus some that stimulate host
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1706:
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Galati, Eunice A. B.; Galvis-Ovallos, Fredy; Lawyer, Phillip; LĂ©ger, Nicole; Depaquit, JĂ©rĂ´me (2017).
695:
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reproduction. As far as is known, all species need a blood meal for every following clutch of eggs.
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218:, while both sexes consume sugary substances like nectar, honeydew, and phloem sap from plants.
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Lawyer, Phillip; Killick-Kendrick, Mireille; Rowland, Tobin; Rowton, Edgar; Volf, Petr (2017).
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1279:"Laboratory colonization and mass rearing of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)"
1240:
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407:
252:
664:
263:
191:
144:
1517:"4a contribuição ao estudo dos Flebotomus. Psychodopygus n. subg. (Diptera: Psychodidae)"
1203:"Plant-feeding phlebotomine sand flies, vectors of leishmaniasis, prefer Cannabis sativa"
1442:
1218:
1173:
1815:
1802:
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1398:"3a contribuição ao estudo dos Flebotomus. Evandromyia n. subg. (Diptera: Psychodidae)"
1303:
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as part of their plant-derived diet, suggesting it might be highly attractive to them.
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Killick-Kendrick R. (1999). "The biology and control of Phlebotomine sand flies".
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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CIPA Computer-aided Identification of Phlebotomine sand flies of America
235:
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163:
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are selective about their hosts, whereas others bite any suitable
215:
1704:
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167:
119:
1379:
BoletĂn de DirecciĂłn de Malariologia y Ssaneamiento Ambiental
317:, which commonly live in caves, where their main hosts are
1502:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
1483:
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de SĂŁo Paulo
311:, leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies in the genus
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1713:
447:Galati, Andrade-Filho, da Silva & FalcĂŁo, 2003
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162:. In several countries, their common name is
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166:, but that name is also applied to other
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1821:8015dc26-97a0-40cd-a761-a636d357a6a0
1195:
1193:
1191:
287:As sand fly females suck blood from
1919:Extant Barremian first appearances
1550:MemĂłrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
1521:MemĂłrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
1402:MemĂłrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
25:
1141:Use of DNA in forensic entomology
795:Gallery: anatomy of Phlebotominae
759:(Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia)
669:(Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia)
650:SolĂłrzano Kraemer and Wagner 2009
170:. The Phlebotominae include many
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38:Temporal range: Barremian–Recent
1534:10.1590/S0074-02761941000300001
1415:10.1590/S0074-02761941000200003
178:) flies, including the primary
158:are a subfamily of the family
1:
1347:10.1016/S0738-081X(99)00046-2
390:(2 species: China, Thailand)
790:(Central and South America)
631:Lebanese amber, Barremian,
535:(Burmese amber, Cenomanian)
418:(Burmese amber, Cenomanian)
1935:
1697:Featured Creatures website
325:, sand flies in the genus
757:França & Parrot, 1920
718:Lebanese amber, Barremian
559:Lebanese amber, Barremian
517:(North and South America)
379:(Mexico to South America)
377:França & Parrot, 1921
63:Scientific classification
61:
52:
43:
34:
1647:10.1051/parasite/2016051
1589:10.1051/parasite/2017027
1385:(Suplemento 1): 133–142.
1295:10.1051/parasite/2017041
667:, 1995 & Berté, 1840
1515:Mangabeira, O. (1941).
1451:10.1111/1475-4983.00112
1396:Mangabeira, O. (1941).
1228:10.1073/pnas.1810435115
1182:10.1111/1475-4983.00112
283:feeding on human blood.
1914:Nematocera subfamilies
1335:Clinics in Dermatology
331:spread leishmaniasis.
284:
1881:Paleobiology Database
613:Burmese amber, Albian
280:Lutzomyia longipalpis
277:
202:Diet and reproduction
1816:Fauna Europaea (new)
295:, they can transmit
55:Phlebotomus papatasi
1443:1999Palgy..42.1101A
1219:2018PNAS..11511790A
1213:(46): 11790–11795.
1174:1999Palgy..42.1101A
350:Australophlebotomus
1685:Lutzomyia shannoni
285:
174:of blood-feeding (
27:Subfamily of flies
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1868:Open Tree of Life
1707:Taxon identifiers
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16:(Redirected from
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737:Mangabeira, 1941
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696:Protopsychodinae
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688:Mangabeira, 1942
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678:Costa Lima, 1932
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655:, India, Eocene
477:Idiophlebotomus
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270:Health concerns
264:Cannabis sativa
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691:
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685:
681:
676:
675:
671:
666:
662:
661:
657:
654:
648:
647:
646:Phlebotoiella
640:
638:
634:
633:Burmese amber
628:
623:
622:
621:Phlebotomites
615:
609:
608:
601:
596:
595:
591:
586:
585:
581:
576:
575:
571:
566:
565:
564:Micropygomyia
561:
555:
554:
547:
542:
541:
537:
532:
527:
526:
519:
513:
512:
508:
506:
502:
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430:
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397:
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392:
386:
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381:
375:
374:
370:
365:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
342:
340:
334:
332:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:bartonellosis
302:
298:
297:leishmaniasis
294:
290:
282:
281:
276:
269:
267:
265:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
201:
199:
198:are present.
195:
193:
189:
188:bartonellosis
185:
184:leishmaniasis
181:
177:
176:hematophagous
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:Phlebotominae
146:
141:
140:Phlebotominae
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
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88:
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84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
64:
60:
57:
56:
51:
47:
42:
33:
30:
19:
1714:
1687:, a sand fly
1684:
1638:
1634:
1580:
1576:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1482:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1263:
1210:
1206:
1165:
1161:
1155:
788:Hertig, 1948
782:
772:
762:
753:Sergentomyia
751:
741:
731:
723:Psathyromyia
721:
710:
700:
682:
672:
658:
653:Cambay amber
644:
626:
619:
605:
598:Galati, 1995
592:
582:
578:Galati, 1995
572:
562:
551:
544:Galati, 1995
538:
530:
523:
515:França, 1924
509:
492:
481:Quate &
475:
462:
458:Galati, 1995
452:
441:
431:
427:Galati, 1995
421:
413:
406:
393:
382:
371:
363:Bichromomyia
361:
348:
338:
335:Distribution
326:
312:
291:, including
286:
278:
261:
257:
232:anautogenous
220:
205:
196:
155:
153:
139:
53:
29:
18:Phlebotomine
1909:Psychodidae
1829:iNaturalist
1739:Wikispecies
1408:: 215–233.
1168:(6): 1101.
892:Mouth parts
880:Mouth parts
868:Mouth parts
856:Mouth parts
844:Mouth parts
832:Mouth parts
660:Phlebotomus
611:Poinar 2004
540:Martinsmyia
454:Expapillata
433:Evandromyia
399:Addis, 1945
373:Brumptomyia
328:Phlebotomus
301:arboviruses
289:vertebrates
247:to produce
160:Psychodidae
136:Subfamily:
130:Psychodidae
1903:Categories
1556:(251–262).
1147:References
774:Viannamyia
743:Sciopemyia
637:Cenomanian
607:Palaeomyia
574:Migonemyia
525:Mandalayia
443:Edentomyia
395:Dampfomyia
388:Leng, 1985
307:. In the
245:mast cells
238:and other
100:Arthropoda
35:Sand flies
1597:1252-607X
1489:: 91–100.
1237:0027-8424
1129:Genitalia
1117:Genitalia
1105:Genitalia
1093:Genitalia
1081:Genitalia
1069:Genitalia
1057:Genitalia
1045:Genitalia
1033:Genitalia
1021:Genitalia
1009:Genitalia
684:Pressatia
674:Pintomyia
584:Nyssomyia
511:Lutzomyia
505:Barremian
483:Fairchild
469:Fairchild
423:Deanemyia
323:Old World
321:. In the
314:Lutzomyia
309:New World
249:histamine
240:nutrients
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
1777:BugGuide
1766:BioLib:
1730:Q1416438
1724:Wikidata
1665:27677701
1635:Parasite
1615:28730992
1577:Parasite
1459:84535813
1355:10384867
1313:29139377
1283:Parasite
1255:30373823
1135:See also
784:Warileya
699:Stebner
625:Stebner
529:Stebner
464:Hertigia
449:(Brazil)
412:Stebner
236:Proteins
212:reptiles
126:Family:
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
1782:1109030
1689:on the
1656:5047050
1606:5520390
1439:Bibcode
1304:5687099
1246:6243281
1215:Bibcode
1170:Bibcode
997:Abdomen
985:Abdomen
973:Abdomen
665:Rondani
384:Chinius
355:Theodor
223:species
208:mammals
180:vectors
164:sandfly
145:Rondani
120:Diptera
116:Order:
110:Insecta
106:Class:
1886:172254
1873:369395
1847:125361
1834:465113
1808:141863
1769:430093
1663:
1653:
1641:: E1.
1613:
1603:
1595:
1583:: 26.
1457:
1353:
1311:
1301:
1289:: 42.
1253:
1243:
1235:
949:Thorax
937:Thorax
925:Thorax
913:Thorax
701:et al.
627:et al.
531:et al.
485:, 1961
471:, 1949
414:et al.
408:Datzia
357:, 1948
343:Genera
293:humans
172:genera
147:, 1840
1795:8YQ43
1455:S2CID
221:Some
216:birds
168:flies
1860:7198
1855:NCBI
1842:ITIS
1695:IFAS
1661:PMID
1611:PMID
1593:ISSN
1351:PMID
1309:PMID
1251:PMID
1233:ISSN
961:Wing
820:Head
808:Head
703:2015
629:2015
533:2015
416:2015
319:bats
303:and
227:host
214:and
190:and
154:The
1790:CoL
1754:AFD
1651:PMC
1643:doi
1601:PMC
1585:doi
1529:doi
1447:doi
1410:doi
1343:doi
1299:PMC
1291:doi
1241:PMC
1223:doi
1211:115
1178:doi
182:of
1905::
1883::
1870::
1857::
1844::
1831::
1818::
1805::
1792::
1779::
1756::
1741::
1726::
1693:/
1691:UF
1659:.
1649:.
1639:23
1637:.
1633:.
1609:.
1599:.
1591:.
1581:24
1579:.
1575:.
1554:36
1552:.
1525:36
1523:.
1519:.
1485:.
1467:^
1453:.
1445:.
1435:42
1433:.
1406:36
1404:.
1400:.
1383:35
1381:.
1363:^
1349:.
1339:17
1337:.
1307:.
1297:.
1287:24
1285:.
1281:.
1249:.
1239:.
1231:.
1221:.
1209:.
1205:.
1190:^
1176:.
1166:42
1164:.
635:,
503:,
299:,
210:,
194:.
186:,
1667:.
1645::
1617:.
1587::
1537:.
1531::
1504:.
1487:4
1461:.
1449::
1441::
1418:.
1412::
1357:.
1345::
1315:.
1293::
1257:.
1225::
1217::
1184:.
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1172::
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