238:: Smoke is hot, dry, polluted air which dries out the vocal cords. With each breath in of smoke, the larynx is polluted with toxins that inhibit it from rehydrating for about 3 hours. The vocal cords need a fair amount of lubrication and swell from inflammation when they do not have enough of it. When the vocal folds swell and are inflamed, phlegm is often created to attempt to ease the dryness.
517:
MD, when describing humorism's "phlegm or pituitary secretion" in 1910 asked rhetorically, "this strange liquid, which is the cause of tumours, of chlorosis, of rheumatism, and cacochymia - where is it? Who will ever see it? Who has ever seen it? What can we say of this fanciful classification of
187:
Phlegm is more related to disease than mucus, and can be troublesome for the individual to excrete from the body. Phlegm is a thick secretion in the airway during disease and inflammation. Phlegm usually contains mucus with virus, bacteria, other debris, and sloughed-off inflammatory cells. Once
507:
discussed the imperturbability required of physicians. "'Imperturbability means coolness and presence of mind under all circumstances, calmness amid storm, clearness of judgment in moments of grave peril, immobility, impassiveness, or, to use an old and expressive word,
620:
Ferreira, Leslie
Piccolotto; de Oliveira Latorre, Maria do Rosario Dias; Pinto Giannini, Susana Pimentel; et al. (January 2010). "Influence of Abusive Vocal Habits, Hydration, Mastication, and Sleep in the Occurrence of Vocal Symptoms in Teachers".
127:. Its color can vary from transparent to pale or dark yellow and green, from light to dark brown, and even to dark grey depending on the contents. The body naturally produces about 1 quart (about 1 litre) of phlegm every day to capture and clear
245:
to find if there was a correlation of smokers with coughing and phlegm. In the study, 117 participants were studied, a mix of current smokers, ex-smokers, non-smokers, and a positive control of participants with a disease, COPD
439:). In the latter case, the sputum is normally lightly streaked with blood. Coughing up any significant quantity of blood is always a serious medical condition, and any person who experiences this should seek medical attention.
31:
274:. A major symptom of acute bronchitis is an excess amount of phlegm and is usually caused by a viral infection, and only bacterial infections, which are rare, are to be treated with an antibiotic.
208:
Vocal abuse: Vocal abuse is the misuse or overuse of the voice in an unhealthy fashion such as clearing the throat, yelling, screaming, talking loudly, or singing incorrectly.
1254:
609:
270:, phlegm becomes more excessive as an attempt to get rid of the bacteria or viral particles within the body. A major illness associated with excess phlegm is
485:
medical doctor, is credited for this theory, about 400 BC. It influenced medical thinking for more than 2,000 years, until finally discredited in the 1800s.
930:
348:
hard into the nose. Inhaling forcefully through the nose will pull excess phlegm and nasal mucus down into the throat, where muscles in the throat and
250:). At the end of the experiment, experimenters found that there was a high correlation between phlegm and cough with smoking of 0.49 (p < 0.001.)
1196:"An Address ON ANCIENT HUMORISM AND MODERN HUMORISM: Delivered at the International Congress of Physiology held in Vienna, September 27th to 30th"
728:
496:". This adjective always refers to behaviour, and is pronounced differently, giving full weight to the "g": not /ˈflɛmatɪk/ but /flɛgˈmatɪk/.
657:
247:
242:
356:
forward with the muscles at the back of the throat. At this point, the phlegm will be in the mouth and is now ready to be spat out as
1174:
1034:"Predictors of lung function and its decline in mild to moderate COPD in association with gender: Results from the Euroscop study"
299:
Excessive phlegm creation can be troublesome. There are basically two ways to get rid of excess phlegm: swallowing or spitting.
214:: Clearing the throat removes or loosens phlegm but the vocal cords hit together causing inflammation and therefore more phlegm.
402:
can be used to alleviate symptoms of a dry nose and throat. It can also occur due to blood (such as if the person had or has a
477:
and states that all diseases and disabilities result from an excess or deficit in black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood.
352:
can prepare to eject it. Once this is done, a U-shape should be formed with the tongue, while simultaneously forcing air and
290:: In studies of children, air pollutants have been found to increase phlegm by drying out and irritating parts of the throat.
780:
Seely, J. E.; Zuskin, E.; Bouhuys, A. (14 May 1971). "Cigarette
Smoking: Objective Evidence for Lung Damage in Teen-Agers".
1032:
Watson, L.; Vonk, J.M.; Löfdahl, C.G.; Pride, N.B.; Pauwels, R.A.; Laitinen, L.A.; Schouten, J.P.; Postma, D.S. (2006).
758:
499:
To have "phlegm" traditionally meant to have stamina and to be unswayed by emotion. In his 1889 farewell speech at the
500:
318:
will remove the phlegm and get rid of the germs in it. In some cultures, swallowing phlegm is considered a social
1145:
344:
The alternative to swallowing would be throat-clearing. To do this, the mouth should be closed and air should be
220:: Yelling and screaming both cause the vocal cords to hit against each other causing inflammation and phlegm.
1150:
315:
68:
473:, which are held in balance when a person is healthy. It is closely related to the ancient theory of the
368:
Phlegm can exist in different colors. The color could provide important clues about a person's health.
736:
226:: Excessive yelling, screaming, and incorrect singing as well as other vocal abusive habits can cause
1249:
789:
513:
The phlegm of
Humourism is far from the same thing as phlegm as it is defined today. Nobel laureate
420:
665:
813:
592:
543:
337:. Also, due to the social image of spitting (the alternative of swallowing) in some communities,
88:
1225:
1120:
1102:
1063:
1055:
981:
940:
862:
805:
638:
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474:
384:
277:
227:
223:
168:
1158:
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1094:
1045:
973:
964:
Rowell, V. R.; Rack, Philip H. (2014). "Health
Education Needs of a Minority Ethnic Group".
852:
844:
797:
630:
576:
445:, in pre-modern medicine, were medications chewed in order to draw away phlegm and humours.
377:
338:
271:
164:
44:
880:
1180:
935:
469:
is an ancient theory that the human body is filled with four basic substances, called the
388:
373:
160:
108:
24:
241:
Experiment on smoking correlations: In 2002, an experiment was done and published by the
1000:
793:
151:
Contrary to popular misconception and misuse, mucus and phlegm are not always the same.
1220:
1195:
1115:
1082:
905:
857:
832:
514:
482:
442:
200:
There are multiple factors that can contribute to an excess of phlegm in the throat or
1243:
504:
287:
176:
124:
104:
817:
596:
284:
become inflamed and create an excess amount of phlegm that can clog up air pathways.
977:
432:
372:
Yellow or green: Indicates an infection often by a virus or bacteria. The color is
323:
311:
211:
172:
801:
634:
833:"Symptoms of cough and shortness of breath among occasional young adult smokers"
478:
399:
281:
263:
128:
1050:
1033:
580:
493:
436:
428:
345:
334:
303:
103:. Phlegm, and mucus as a whole, is in essence a water-based gel consisting of
92:
1106:
1059:
985:
944:
704:
1098:
766:
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466:
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392:
267:
217:
1229:
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1124:
1067:
866:
642:
588:
567:
Rubin, Bruce K. (23 November 2009). "The Role of Mucus in Cough
Research".
435:), but can also be a relatively benign symptom of a minor disease (such as
809:
705:"Vocal Survival Techniques For Singers Who Abuse And Overuse Their Voices"
679:
848:
424:
330:
132:
120:
80:
20:
1139:
175:
and is principally water. It also contains high-molecular weight mucous
307:
255:
235:
116:
16:
Mucus produced by the respiratory system (excluding the nasal passages)
1179:(2 ed.). Philadelphia: P Blakiston's Son & Co. Archived from
658:"Common Medical Diagnoses and Treatments in Professional Voice Users"
357:
353:
349:
201:
189:
140:
112:
100:
1183:
on 2016-02-11 – via Johns
Hopkins University Medical Archives.
302:
Phlegm naturally drains down into the back of the throat and can be
831:
An, L. C.; Berg, C. J.; Klatt, C. M.; et al. (5 March 2009).
518:
humours into four groups, of which two are absolutely imaginary?"
416:
326:
319:
167:. Mucus is an adhesive viscoelastic gel produced in the airway by
96:
84:
30:
29:
136:
259:
159:
Mucus is a normal protective layering around the airway, eye,
341:
to swallow phlegm and less likely to report experiencing it.
95:
passages. It often refers to respiratory mucus expelled by
56:
1016:
After ruminating the issue for a while, he decided not to
115:
and other substances. Its composition varies depending on
759:"Sound Advice: Your guide to a strong, clear, easy voice"
1081:
Ohar, Jill; Fromer, Leonard; Donohue, James F (2011).
492:
behaviour; this old belief is preserved in the word "
50:
188:
phlegm has been expectorated by a cough, it becomes
53:
887:. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2012-12-03
322:, being described as disgusting or unhygienic. One
280:, asthma: In hay fever and asthma, inner lining in
59:
47:
1138:
1001:"In desperate need of a national airline (part 1)"
329:, for example, uses the swallowing of phlegm as a
729:"Voice & Swallowing Center - Voice Disorders"
1083:"Reconsidering sex-based stereotypes of COPD"
431:can be a symptom of serious disease (such as
8:
966:Journal of the Institute of Health Education
306:without imposing health risks. Once in the
537:
535:
533:
531:
1219:
1114:
1049:
856:
488:Phlegm was thought to be associated with
680:"Singers, Let's Prevent Vocal Problems!"
91:, excluding that produced by the throat
656:Sataloff, Robert Thayer (2 June 2009).
527:
19:For the humor in ancient medicine, see
1255:Symptoms and signs: Respiratory system
544:"How to Clear Phlegm From Your Throat"
1020:and so he called some of his friends.
1018:swallow phlegm in the name of decorum
248:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
7:
1159:participating institution membership
999:Uzokwe, Alfred Obiora (2 May 2005).
339:females were shown to be more likely
243:American College of Chest Physicians
147:Distinction between mucus and phlegm
14:
1087:Primary Care Respiratory Journal
43:
837:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
978:10.1080/03073289.1979.10805461
23:. For the British artist, see
1:
802:10.1126/science.172.3984.741
635:10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.06.001
542:Heid, Markham (2016-03-11).
179:that form linear polymers.
415:Phlegm may be a carrier of
411:Illnesses related to phlegm
1271:
1051:10.1016/j.rmed.2005.08.004
501:University of Pennsylvania
459:
398:Red: Indicates dry air. A
258:: During illness like the
72:
18:
1146:Oxford English Dictionary
929:Siwek, Jay (1995-08-15).
581:10.1007/s00408-009-9198-7
196:Excessive phlegm creation
406:, or a lung malignancy).
380:combating the infection.
1173:Osler, William (1925).
1151:Oxford University Press
1099:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00070
1212:10.1136/bmj.2.2596.921
35:
395:and make more phlegm.
99:, otherwise known as
34:A substance of phlegm
33:
1163:accessed 27 May 2012
1038:Respiratory Medicine
454:Phlegm and humourism
421:intestinal parasites
83:caused by heat") is
1149:(Online ed.).
794:1971Sci...172..741S
668:on October 9, 2010.
575:(Suppl 1): S69–72.
374:caused by an enzyme
212:Clearing the throat
123:, and state of the
79:, "inflammation", "
849:10.1093/ntr/ntp015
228:vocal fold nodules
89:respiratory system
36:
1194:Richet C (1910).
1157:(Subscription or
788:(3984): 741–743.
763:shelaghdavies.com
733:Entandallergy.com
383:Clear: Indicates
378:white blood cells
218:Yelling/screaming
169:submucosal glands
1262:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1142:
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1128:
1118:
1078:
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1071:
1053:
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996:
990:
989:
961:
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926:
920:
919:
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896:
895:
893:
892:
877:
871:
870:
860:
828:
822:
821:
777:
771:
770:
765:. Archived from
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
735:. Archived from
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
701:
695:
694:
692:
691:
684:Voiceteacher.com
676:
670:
669:
664:. Archived from
653:
647:
646:
623:Journal of Voice
617:
611:
607:
601:
600:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
539:
389:Mucous membranes
376:produced by the
364:Colors of phlegm
316:digestive system
272:acute bronchitis
165:urogenital tract
87:produced by the
74:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1206:(2596): 921–6.
1193:
1192:
1188:
1172:
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1167:
1156:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1080:
1079:
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1026:
1009:
1007:
998:
997:
993:
963:
962:
958:
949:
947:
936:Washington Post
928:
927:
923:
914:
912:
910:Netdoctor.co.uk
904:
903:
899:
890:
888:
879:
878:
874:
830:
829:
825:
779:
778:
774:
757:Davies, Shela.
756:
755:
751:
742:
740:
727:
726:
722:
713:
711:
709:Ent-consult.com
703:
702:
698:
689:
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678:
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673:
655:
654:
650:
619:
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614:
608:
604:
566:
565:
561:
552:
550:
541:
540:
529:
524:
464:
456:
451:
443:Apophlegmatisms
413:
366:
297:
295:Removing phlegm
198:
185:
161:nasal turbinate
157:
149:
131:in the air and
109:immunoglobulins
46:
42:
28:
25:Phlegm (artist)
17:
12:
11:
5:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1186:
1165:
1130:
1093:(4): 370–378.
1073:
1044:(4): 746–753.
1024:
991:
956:
931:"Phlegm Facts"
921:
897:
872:
843:(2): 126–133.
823:
772:
769:on 2018-03-31.
749:
720:
696:
671:
648:
612:
602:
559:
526:
525:
523:
520:
515:Charles Richet
460:Main article:
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764:
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739:on 2012-01-15
738:
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521:
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516:
511:
510:
506:
505:William Osler
502:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
483:ancient Greek
480:
476:
475:four elements
472:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
446:
444:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:Bloody sputum
426:
422:
418:
410:
405:
404:bleeding nose
401:
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379:
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288:Air pollution
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177:glycoproteins
174:
170:
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154:
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146:
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142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:immune system
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:glycoproteins
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
70:
69:Ancient Greek
64:
40:
32:
26:
22:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1181:the original
1176:Aequanimitas
1175:
1168:
1144:
1140:"phlegmatic"
1133:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1008:. Retrieved
1005:Nigeriaworld
1004:
994:
969:
965:
959:
948:. Retrieved
934:
924:
913:. Retrieved
909:
900:
889:. Retrieved
884:
881:"Bronchitis"
875:
840:
836:
826:
785:
781:
775:
767:the original
762:
752:
741:. Retrieved
737:the original
732:
723:
712:. Retrieved
708:
699:
688:. Retrieved
686:. 1987-08-01
683:
674:
666:the original
662:medscape.com
661:
651:
629:(1): 86–92.
626:
622:
615:
605:
572:
568:
562:
551:. Retrieved
548:Men's Health
547:
512:
509:
498:
487:
471:four humours
470:
465:
457:
441:
433:tuberculosis
414:
367:
343:
301:
298:
199:
186:
173:goblet cells
158:
150:
76:
38:
37:
1250:Body fluids
972:(4): 3–19.
479:Hippocrates
400:nasal spray
282:bronchioles
1244:Categories
1161:required.)
950:2020-12-12
915:2013-03-25
891:2013-03-25
743:2013-03-25
714:2013-03-25
690:2013-03-25
553:2019-05-11
522:References
494:phlegmatic
437:bronchitis
393:histamines
335:wrongdoing
129:substances
1107:1471-4418
1060:0954-6111
986:0307-3289
945:0190-8286
490:apathetic
467:Humourism
462:Humourism
385:allergies
304:swallowed
278:Hay fever
268:pneumonia
135:from the
1230:20765282
1200:Br Med J
1125:21922124
1068:16199147
906:"Asthma"
867:19264863
818:41529962
643:19135852
597:33857446
589:19936981
508:phlegm."
425:hookworm
391:produce
331:metaphor
133:bacteria
121:genetics
97:coughing
21:Humorism
1221:2336103
1116:6549880
885:umm.edu
858:2658904
810:5572902
790:Bibcode
782:Science
449:History
346:inhaled
308:stomach
256:Illness
236:Smoking
224:Nodules
117:climate
77:phlégma
1228:
1218:
1123:
1113:
1105:
1066:
1058:
1010:12 Dec
984:
943:
865:
855:
816:
808:
641:
595:
587:
503:, Sir
417:larvae
358:sputum
354:saliva
350:tongue
310:, the
266:, and
202:larynx
190:sputum
183:Phlegm
163:, and
141:throat
113:lipids
101:sputum
81:humour
73:φλέγμα
39:Phlegm
1155:
814:S2CID
593:S2CID
481:, an
423:(see
327:adage
320:taboo
312:acids
155:Mucus
93:nasal
85:mucus
1226:PMID
1121:PMID
1103:ISSN
1064:PMID
1056:ISSN
1012:2020
982:ISSN
941:ISSN
863:PMID
806:PMID
639:PMID
585:PMID
569:Lung
333:for
324:Igbo
314:and
264:cold
171:and
139:and
137:nose
1216:PMC
1208:doi
1111:PMC
1095:doi
1046:doi
1042:100
974:doi
853:PMC
845:doi
798:doi
786:172
631:doi
577:doi
573:188
427:).
419:of
260:flu
1246::
1224:.
1214:.
1202:.
1198:.
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