329:(SVL) and is a flat-bodied, squat lizard with short (but not sharp) spikes crowning the head. It has a "snub-nosed" side profile compared to the sleeker snouts of many lizards, and relatively short legs. The trunk is fringed by one row of pointed scales, while the belly scales are smooth. Their colour is greyish-beige, yellowish, or reddish-brown, depending on seasonality and region. Additionally, there are two rows of larger, dark spots on the back. When ready to mate, or threatened or reacting defensively, this species' colours become more intense (commonly known as "fired-up") and, like all horned lizards, the pygmy short-horned lizard has the ability to squirt blood from its eyes in an effort confuse or scare predators.
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from Canada). When placed together, the two are easily distinguished at maturity, as the pygmy short-horned lizard is considerably smaller. The greater short-horned lizard is a highly variable species, as well, with different geographic populations exhibiting differences in colouration and
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evidence was revealed, the greater short-horned lizard was considered to be the same species as the pygmy short-horned lizard, but the two are now considered distinct, with the pygmy species occupying the northwest portion of the U.S. and, formerly, the extreme south of
360:(89% of their diet), while it has been documented that mature lizards consume fewer ants (around 72% or the diet). Yearlings, perhaps in an "experimental" phase, consume the lowest proportion of ants (60%), supplementing their diets with various
446:
Within its family, given that its habitat often freezes during winter, the pygmy short-horned lizard is known as a unique species that tolerates lower temperatures better than others, thus it can inhabit
396:. They may also browse on plant matter. Overall, throughout their lives, pygmy short-horned lizards always consume ants, though total quantities of a particular prey species will vary seasonally.
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304:, as both species have much of the same physiology, such as a squat body and small, "horn"-like, pointed scales located along the head, back and side body. Until recent
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250:. Like other horned lizards, it is often called a "horned toad" or "horny toad," but it is not a
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California
Natural History Guides. Oakland, California: University of California Press. 191 pp.
325:
The pygmy short-horned lizard measures roughly 1.25–2.5 in (3.2–6.4 cm) from snout-to-
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648:(April 2008). "Ecology and ontogenetic variation of diet in the pigmy short-horned lizard (
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varies from region to region, by seasonal availability, and by an individual's age or sex;
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688:"Cold-Blooded and Cold-Tolerant: Finding Reptiles In the North Cascades Ecosystem"
585:. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
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patterning, in addition to overall size; some authorities describe up to five
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The pygmy short-horned lizard is often mistaken for its close relative, the
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A Field Guide to
Western Reptiles and Amphibians: Third Edition
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10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[327:EAOVOD]2.0.CO;2
715:, brought from the Columbia River by Mr. Douglass ".
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of pygmy short-horned lizard is a species at risk in
769:
523:Introduction to Horned Lizards of North America.
717:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
557:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
451:not generally accessible to related species.
8:
616:"Phrynosoma douglassi (Short-horned lizard)"
514:
512:
510:
484:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64075A12741891.en
242:. The species is native to the northwestern
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356:and hatchlings feed almost exclusively on
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711:(1828). "Description of a new Species of
581:", pp. 303–304 + Plate 34 + Map 101. in
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7:
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1014:IUCN Red List least concern species
1034:Fauna of the Western United States
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555:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
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478:Red List of Threatened Species
1:
1029:Reptiles of the United States
549:; Grayson, Michael. (2011). "
654:American Midland Naturalist
298:greater short-horned lizard
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1039:Reptiles described in 1828
431:, and potentially larger,
246:and adjacent southwestern
35:Pygmy short-horned lizard
751:Pygmy short-horned lizard
614:Cossel Jr., John (1997).
504:www.reptile-database.org.
405:long-nosed leopard lizard
219:pygmy short-horned lizard
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81:Scientific classification
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34:
1024:Lizards of North America
692:North Cascades Institute
722:: 105–107 + Plate X. ("
620:Idaho State University
726:", new species). (in
650:Phrynosoma douglasii)
815:Phrynosoma_douglasii
801:Phrynosoma douglasii
771:Phrynosoma douglasii
579:Phrynosoma douglasii
502:The Reptile Database
497:Phrynosoma douglasii
472:Phrynosoma douglasii
344:Behavior and ecology
224:Phrynosoma douglasii
200:Phrynosoma douglasii
18:Phrynosoma douglasii
551:Phrynosoma douglasi
519:Sherbrooke, Wade C.
51:Conservation status
575:Stebbins, Robert C
1001:
1000:
963:Open Tree of Life
763:Taxon identifiers
591:978-0-395-98272-3
563:978-1-4214-0135-5
306:mitochondrial DNA
278:, is in honor of
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182:P. douglasii
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27:Species of lizard
16:(Redirected from
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618:. www.ISU.edu (
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390:Lepidopterans
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233:horned lizard
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624:. Retrieved
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403:include the
401:P. douglassi
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394:caterpillars
350:P. douglasii
349:
348:The diet of
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332:The eastern
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924:NatureServe
885:iNaturalist
795:Wikispecies
577:. (2003). "
543:Beolens, Bo
435:-consuming
368:and grubs,
1019:Phrynosoma
1008:Categories
455:References
441:kingsnakes
439:, such as
392:and their
386:earthworms
334:subspecies
320:subspecies
315:extirpated
169:Phrynosoma
144:Suborder:
981:douglasii
553:", p. 75
470:(2007). "
362:arachnids
276:douglasii
266:Etymology
260:amphibian
258:, not an
231:of small
176:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
929:2.102494
835:BioLib:
780:Wikidata
674:54206550
521:(2003).
494:Species
433:squamate
374:mollusks
354:neonates
283:botanist
280:Scottish
154:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
877:2451089
786:Q898028
728:English
694:. 2019.
474:". The
429:bobcats
417:coyotes
370:isopods
366:beetles
338:Alberta
256:reptile
235:in the
229:species
227:) is a
210:, 1828)
164:Genus:
148:Iguania
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
991:212141
988:uBio:
968:968165
955:939223
903:564567
864:PRYNDO
838:185020
828:762927
672:
626:14 May
589:
561:
529:
449:biomes
437:snakes
384:) and
378:snails
248:Canada
237:family
942:43611
916:64075
890:36316
851:4GWSQ
732:Latin
713:Agama
670:S2CID
421:foxes
382:slugs
313:(now
937:NCBI
911:IUCN
898:ITIS
872:GBIF
859:EPPO
730:and
628:2024
587:ISBN
559:ISBN
527:ISBN
476:IUCN
358:ants
327:vent
322:.
270:The
252:toad
217:The
208:Bell
846:CoL
823:BHL
810:ADW
662:doi
658:159
652:".
500:at
480:doi
443:.
1010::
978::
976:RD
965::
952::
939::
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913::
900::
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861::
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734:).
720:16
690:.
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509:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
