1136:
1106:. In a series of Tweets, she said that the precipitating event for her resignation had been Mazzone's instruction to her to "lay off Facebook" in her campaign against misinformation. She also accused Steenhuisen of turning the DA into a "joke" and of persistent attempts to "get rid of me", including through the 2020 sabbatical and 2021 disciplinary hearing. In 2023 she included Steenhuisen on her public list of South Africa's "most awful" contemporary politicians.
1061:. The portfolio committee agreed to extend an invitation to Facebook, and two months later Van Damme announced that Facebook had agreed to attend the committee on 25 May 2021. Van Damme said that the meeting with Facebook would be "historic and a source of pride for South Africa as a first in Africa", and she said that similar invitations had been extended to Twitter and
644:, suggested that the DA should "apologise to the people of South Africa for misleading and lying to them" and another, Moloto Mothapo, suggested that Van Damme's election showed that "in its window-dressing exercise of desperately recruiting and parading black people to conceal its real identity, the DA has cut corners".
1123:
and that the project required her to be non-partisan. In
September 2021, she launched the Local Government Anti-Disinformation Project, the aim of which was advocacy and monitoring in relation to political misinformation and disinformation on social media. The project was a collaboration between Van
981:
In the aftermath of the dual sabbatical and shadow cabinet reshuffle announcements, observers speculated that
Steenhuisen had extended the health-related sabbatical to create political cover for his decision to remove a high-performing minister who presented a political threat to him. Van Damme had
474:
Van Damme's biological parents separated during her childhood and she changed her surname after she was legally adopted by her stepfather, a
Belgian consultant named Hugo Van Damme. Having begun primary school in Manzini, she moved with her mother to Europe and then, after her mother divorced her
978:, suggested that the leave should be extended until the end of March 2021. Van Damme argued that she was able to outperform many of her colleagues even while ill and accused Steenhuisen of using her illness to "sideline" her. She later said that Steenhuisen was "trying to control my life body".
1073:
and had postponed the meeting only after it learned that it was the only company to have confirmed its attendance. Van Damme responded that this was a "blatant untruth", since Google had also been scheduled to attend; she accused
Facebook of withdrawing because "it feared having to answer tough
1068:
However, less than a week before the scheduled meeting date, Facebook withdrew from the engagement. Van Damme expressed her dismay, saying that, "It is clear that the company has something to hide and holds no respect for the people of South Africa, or those on the Africa continent". In its own
366:. In addition to serving as Shadow Minister of Communications, she was the DA's national spokesperson between May 2014 and February 2018 and a party whip between May 2019 and May 2021. In the communications portfolio, she was a prominent figure in the campaign to hold
803:'s Jan Gerber said that she "always came to meetings armed with a string of pertinent questions", though she was often outvoted or dismissed by the rest of the committee. In 2016, she called for a parliamentary inquiry into corruption and maladministration at the
593:
named her one of its 20 Youngest Power Women in Africa in
December 2014. Strongly self-identified as a liberal and as a proponent of "the agency of individuals" and "minimal government interference in people's lives", she was regarded as a leading member of the
758:
campaigner. Re-elected to her parliamentary seat in the election, she was also re-appointed as Shadow
Minister of Communications in Maimane's second-term shadow cabinet, now with the title of Shadow Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies and with
44:
628:
and professional biography falsely claimed that Van Damme was born in South Africa, when in fact she was born in
Swaziland. They also alleged that both of her biological parents were Swazi nationals – her mother being of South African descent but born in
696:
in
September 2014, Van Damme gave a speech to Parliament about her own mixed national heritage, saying that, like other South Africans affected by apartheid, she had "recently had the misfortune of being made to feel alien in the country I call home."
728:
However, in
February 2018, she announced her resignation as spokesperson, saying that she would focus on her work in the shadow cabinet, her family life, and her part-time pursuit of a master's degree by correspondence; she enrolled in a master's in
1007:, said that the sabbatical had been extended out of concern for Van Damme, rather than for political reasons, and that it was extended as an optional offer rather than as an instruction. After Steenhuisen repeated similar claims in a televised
918:
to present evidence against Bell
Pottinger during an PRCA hearing into the firm's conduct. Bell Pottinger was found to have transgressed the PRCA's charter and code of conduct, and it was expelled from the body the following month.
724:
as her deputy. She held that position for the next five years. For the first two-and-a-half years, she held the shadow ministry alongside her position as DA spokesperson and indeed was noted for receiving a high-profile mandate as
1118:
specialising in misinformation. She initially retained her membership in the DA, but on 26 June 2021 she announced that she had left the party. She said that she was planning to launch an anti-misinformation project ahead of the
1135:
1101:
In the months after her resignation, Van Damme explained that she had resigned because of internal disputes with a group of DA politicians led by party leader Steenhuisen, party whip Mazzone, and Mazzone's husband,
1222:
you black". After a complaint by Van Damme, the V&A Waterfront publicly apologised for the manner in which its security manager had responded to the incident, saying that it lacked empathy and objectivity.
683:
The DA's statement linked Van Damme's mother's error to the political context of Van Damme's birth, pointing out that Van Damme's grandmother, a South African, had emigrated to Swaziland in the 1950s to escape
663:
challenged this account, claiming that Van Damme and her mother had previously been alerted to and warned against the misrepresentation. Nonetheless, the DA said that although Van Damme was not a South African
1198:
In 2017 Van Damme married Stian Tvede Karlsen, a Norwegian public relations professional, in a traditional wedding ceremony. Her sister is Qiniso Van Damme, a model and actress who became South Africa's first
2533:
1079:
1214:. In her account, the altercation began when she quarrelled with a white woman in a supermarket queue and escalated when one of the woman's male relatives intervened. She said that she punched the man in
3697:
3092:
571:. Aged 31, she was one of the youngest members of the house. On 30 May 2014, she additionally became one of the DA's two national spokespersons: in anticipation of an increased workload, she and
514:, Van Damme joined the DA full-time as a political staffer. Over the next five years she held various research and media positions in the party. She was assigned to the office of DA spokesperson
3274:
2748:
1029:
side of the communications portfolio. She was the DA's alternate member in the Portfolio Committee on Communications and Digital Technologies, and she also continued to serve as a party whip.
527:
3248:
1025:
On 12 February 2021, Van Damme announced that had returned to parliamentary work, having resolved her disagreement with Steenhuisen over her sabbatical. She said that she would focus on the
408:
Since leaving frontline politics, Van Damme has been a freelance consultant on strategy and communications matters relating to disinformation and misinformation, platform accountability and
1037:
The same week that she announced her return to work, Van Damme attended the communications committee's first meeting of the year, at which she lodged a proposal for the committee to summon
3677:
1019:
about Steenhuisen's "fibs", saying that in a telephone conversation Steenhuisen had insisted that she should take the sabbatical and cease all of her parliamentary duties during that time.
2982:
633:– meaning that Van Damme was not entitled to South African citizenship and therefore was not entitled to serve in Parliament. The report described Van Damme as "a foreign national with a
537:
From 2013 to 2014, Van Damme worked in the DA's parliamentary caucus as its head of research and communications. During this period she was also the chairperson of the DA's branch in the
1186:. She is a member of the advisory councils of #ShePersisted and the Global Partnership for Action on Gender-Based Online Harassment and Abuse, and she spoke on the subject at the 2023
464:, an error that was reproduced on her birth certificate and in various professional biographical materials; the error was uncovered by members of the press, creating a public scandal (
3667:
3222:
2826:
842:
for further investigation; however, the DA was outvoted on its recommendations for more stringent action, including on its proposal that Muthambi's conduct should be referred to the
3662:
2059:
1726:
651:
made its inquiries, after which she had discovered through a personal investigation that her mother had misstated her birthplace when registering her birth at the South African
2878:
2614:
812:
2085:
2560:
717:
2904:
2852:
835:
1929:
2508:
714:
353:
80:
3063:
3560:
3657:
3325:
2348:
907:
2241:
3118:
2930:
3482:
2800:
2692:
3534:
2722:
548:
3008:
3456:
2110:
3144:
1254:
820:
652:
356:
2589:
2007:
1510:
2270:
1618:
911:
576:
112:
1022:
She said that she would abide by Steenhuisen's instruction to take a sabbatical, but that she and the DA "will talk through my lawyers in 2021".
1159:
Later in September 2021, Van Damme was named as one of 25 participants in the 2021/2022 Munich Young Leaders Program, a joint initiative of the
830:
of SABC's finances since 2010, as well as disciplinary charges against SABC executives and board members. The final report of the inquiry found
1120:
1058:
804:
3196:
2641:
1200:
784:
1171:
and was named as one of "100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics" in 2023. From 2023 to 2024, she was a technology and human rights fellow at the
2482:
2295:
2214:
2033:
1287:
688:, and that her mother had received bad advice from a Home Affairs official when registering her birth in South Africa during the frenetic
1483:
1833:
1176:
751:
560:
511:
363:
1000:
meeting earlier in 2020, when Van Damme had accidentally been captured saying of Steenhuisen, "I don't want to hear his smarmy voice."
3619:
955:
487:
345:
259:
149:
2189:
1675:
3672:
3594:
2667:
564:
349:
62:
846:. Under Van Damme, the DA continued to pursue accountability against Muthambi in later years, including through a complaint to the
3170:
3034:
1094:
On 20 May 2021, Van Damme resigned from her parliamentary seat, citing her unhappiness with a "clique of individuals" in the DA.
3429:
2321:
897:
the Zuma administration. Van Damme was a prominent figure in the civil society backlash against Bell Pottinger, leading British
706:
992:
also reported that there was personal animosity between Steenhuisen and Van Damme; several sources pointed the newspaper to a
847:
3687:
2955:
971:
760:
523:
440:) to Elroy Mayisela and Lynette Sibongile Masuku. Her father was a high school teacher and her mother, later an academic and
105:
1806:
1167:. In later years, for her tech activism and especially her activism on platform accountability, Van Damme received the 2022
1955:
1083:
906:
In the immediate aftermath of the initial news reports, the DA laid complaints against the firm with the United Kingdom's
764:
640:
The ANC called for an "urgent investigation" into Van Damme's eligibility to serve in Parliament. One party spokesperson,
3535:"Waterfront apologises to DA MP Phumzile van Damme after she throws punch 'in self-defence' during alleged racist ordeal"
1902:
1780:
3682:
1592:
1183:
855:
3299:
815:
that was established in November 2016 to conduct the narrower inquiry, and she proposed that the inquiry should summon
498:(ANC), she had joined the DA both because she was "disgruntled" with the ANC and because she was attracted to the DA's
3692:
922:
Through her role in the campaign against Bell Pottinger, Van Damme acquired a reputation as an authority on political
775:
as a VV Engage Fellow, in which capacity she participated in a year-long, part-time leadership development programme.
693:
612:
2163:
1859:
974:; the leave was scheduled to end on 15 December 2020, but Steenhuisen, expressing concern about Van Damme's multiple
811:'s call for a narrower inquiry into the SABC board's fitness to hold office. She went on to represent the DA on the
2425:
2400:
1160:
796:
734:
568:
417:
49:
1649:
405:, led her to resign from her parliamentary seat in May 2021. She terminated her party membership a month later.
1754:
839:
607:
495:
483:
2137:
1981:
1320:
1535:
1168:
1070:
792:
441:
375:
3093:"Phumzile van Damme goes public on the 'real' reason she quit as MP — and takes on Steenhuisen in the process"
1144:
1454:
1054:
445:
1262:
551:
in June 2013. She applied to become a DA parliamentary candidate in 2013 and was selected in January 2014.
3652:
1172:
935:
871:
859:
491:
371:
2451:
606:
Shortly after her ascension to Parliament, Van Damme was the target of a "birtherist" scandal about her
2534:"Van Damme to challenge Steenhuisen over decision to grant her a sabbatical – that she did not ask for"
1626:
3561:"Phumzile van Damme and V&A Waterfront bury the hatchet following apology after 'racist incident'"
826:
When the inquiry concluded its hearings in January 2017, Van Damme said that the DA would recommend a
3647:
1187:
1164:
1148:
1082:, including by the South African Information Regulator. Later in 2021 Van Damme was appointed to the
1026:
362:
Van Damme began her career as a political staffer for the DA and joined the National Assembly in the
3275:"Elections 2021: Phumzile van Damme leads charge against political parties spreading disinformation"
982:
not supported Steenhuisen's candidacy for the DA leadership, but instead had endorsed his opponent,
647:
In a statement, the DA said that Van Damme had accepted her mother's account of her birth until the
621:
583:
572:
169:
165:
3249:"Phumzile van Damme launches misinformation project – here's how she will clamp down on fake news"
589:
During her first year as a parliamentarian Van Damme was viewed as a "rising star" in the DA, and
541:. For her leadership of the DA's "well-oiled communications machine", she was named as one of the
1367:
1050:
433:
387:
231:
1388:
1347:
672:
through her biological father and grandparents. The party also said that it would challenge the
543:
2983:"'She leaves with a great track record' - SA weighs in on Phumzile Van Damme's DA resignation"
1207:
1182:
In addition to broader tech governance policy, Van Damme has a special interest in combatting
625:
595:
479:
409:
401:
took office as the party's leader. Her poor relationship with Steenhuisen and his chief whip,
394:
317:
2879:"Facebook 'Has Something To Hide' As It Cancels Appearance Before South Africa's Parliament"
1359:
1152:
1095:
1016:
947:
882:
843:
800:
763:
as her deputy shadow minister. In addition, in May 2019, the first DA caucus meeting of the
730:
721:
689:
656:
515:
398:
101:
616:
article published on 29 June 2014 under the headline "DA MP a liar and fraud". Journalists
486:
with a bachelor's degree in law and politics. The following year, she was recruited to the
1484:"Western Cape MEC Alan Winde to provide update on Western Cape film destination marketing"
1129:
1042:
1004:
997:
975:
808:
768:
755:
590:
402:
383:
3588:
3379:
2853:"Facebook To Be Summonsed Before South Africa's Parliament Over 'Harmful Misinformation'"
2615:"Phumzile Van Damme pens letter to Mbali Ntuli after backing her at DA elective congress"
1884:
1564:
1206:
In June 2019, Van Damme was involved in an altercation with members of the public at the
3223:"'It's the misinformation project, not the DA,' says Phumzile van Damme after departure"
2905:"Why Facebook pulled out of South African Parliament meeting over privacy and fake news"
926:
and was invited to speak on the subject on international platforms. She was featured in
889:
and calculated to inflame racial tensions in order to deflect from allegations that the
834:
evidence of misconduct by Minister Muthambi, and those allegations were referred to the
397:
grouping in the DA, Van Damme was sacked from the shadow cabinet in December 2020 after
2060:"Phumzile van Damme chosen as one of 20 women in the world for Vital Voices Fellowship"
1140:
1046:
988:
951:
931:
923:
886:
827:
816:
413:
367:
341:
337:
141:
2561:"Steenhuisen should have moved me without trying to control my life, body – Van Damme"
1930:"Maimane takes hardline on illegal immigration at DA's 2019 campaign manifesto launch"
563:, ranked 19th on the DA's national party list, Van Damme was elected to a seat in the
3641:
3629:
3611:
1371:
1103:
963:
894:
771:
in the National Assembly. Shortly afterwards, Van Damme was one of 20 women named by
742:
669:
519:
333:
200:
117:
938:. She also became a member of the International Grand Committee on Disinformation.
3404:
3119:"Steenhuisen up there with Niehaus as 'the most awful politicians', says Van Damme"
2774:
2509:"DA's Phumzile van Damme refuses to take sabbatical 'forced' on her by Steenhuisen"
1215:
890:
783:
As Shadow Minister of Communications, Van Damme was the DA's ranking member in the
772:
617:
457:
449:
241:
3457:"Meet #TheBachelorette! Qiniso van Damme hits our TV screens for SA first tonight"
958:. The evening before the shadow cabinet announcement, Van Damme had complained on
43:
17:
3507:
946:
On 5 December 2020, Van Damme was sacked as Shadow Minister of Communications by
3351:
2642:"DA insists Phumzile van Damme is not being sidelined despite forced sabbatical"
1124:
Damme, who was its coordinator, and five other civil society partners including
1114:
Upon leaving Parliament, Van Damme entered the private sector as an independent
1069:
statement, Facebook said that it had been invited to participate in an industry
983:
950:, who had recently replaced Maimane as DA federal leader. Steenhuisen appointed
710:
453:
379:
129:
2373:
1423:
1125:
1115:
967:
877:
In the autumn of 2017, the South African press broke the story of an apparent
788:
641:
531:
499:
312:
1700:
598:
camp in the DA, which at the time was ascendant under Maimane's leadership.
1211:
1012:
878:
685:
630:
538:
461:
2749:"Facebook must account to Parliament for spread of misinformation, says DA"
2483:"DA announces new Shadow Cabinet that will bring Real Hope and Real Change"
2349:"Bell Pottinger guilty of 'exploiting racial tensions on behalf of Guptas'"
1727:"Rainbow nation liberalism and focus on EFF will spell disaster for the DA"
2931:"Unfriended: The truth behind Facebook's non-appearance before Parliament"
2827:"Facebook latest: Social media giant agrees to meeting with SA Parliament"
2111:"DA's backs ANC call for inquiry into SABC board's fitness to hold office"
2034:"Mazzone, Van Damme re-elected to DA parliamentary caucus leadership team"
2693:"DA's Phumzile Van Damme: 'The party and I will talk through my lawyers'"
1363:
1253:
Rampedi, Piet; Wa Afrika, Mzilikazi; Hofstatter, Stephan (29 June 2014).
1218:
after he approached her, threw her phone on the ground, and told her to "
1075:
1038:
851:
677:
665:
575:
were jointly appointed to replace Mmusi Maimane, who had been elected as
437:
2801:"Facebook will be invited to face questions in South African parliament"
2086:"Why the Fifth Parliament was little more than Luthuli House-by-the-sea"
993:
959:
421:
2242:"SABC report: DA takes complaint against Faith Muthambi to the police"
934:'s documentary about the saga, which premiered in January 2020 at the
3009:"Phumzile Van Damme quits as DA MP to escape 'clique of individuals'"
2271:"Bell Pottinger's critic-in-chief arrives in London for PRCA Hearing"
1062:
915:
899:
738:
2374:"Bell Pottinger expelled from trade body for South African campaign"
582:
Ater Redelinghuys resigned in 2015, she held the position alongside
3483:"The other Van Damme sister set to make headlines in February 2021"
970:". At the time she was on three months' medical leave to treat her
2590:"Steenhuisen benches Phumzile van Damme – supporters are outraged"
1134:
750:
Van Damme was also a prominent figure in the DA's campaign in the
634:
2723:"She's back! DA MP Phumzile Van Damme's sabbatical ends abruptly"
2008:"DA names parliamentary leaders as it aims to tackle ANC head-on"
624:, and Stephan Hofstatter reported that Van Damme's South African
420:. In South Africa she remains a popular political commentator on
1008:
2190:"SABC inquiry defers Muthambi's fate to Zuma, ethics committee"
1511:"'Politics is tough, but I'm tougher': DA's Phumzile van Damme"
336:
consultant and activist who specialises in combating political
2668:"Steenhuisen did not make sabbatical optional, says Van Damme"
2459:
1139:
Van Damme (second from left) with American Secretary of State
460:
heritage. Until 2014, Van Damme believed that she was born in
3508:"South African MP punches man during alleged racist incident"
3035:"'Clique of individuals': Why Phumzile van Damme quit the DA"
2426:"Sinister 'influence' of Bell Pottinger exposed in new film"
3145:"What Phumzile Van Damme will do after leaving parliament"
3064:"Van Damme: Steenhuisen and Mazzone are the reason I quit"
3326:"Phumzile Van Damme honoured at Global Leadership Awards"
1807:"DKB no longer shadow minister of police – Mmusi Maimane"
870:
For broader coverage of the Bell Pottinger campaign, see
807:(SABC), and later that year she supported ANC politician
2956:"Real Facebook Oversight Board Welcomes Six New Members"
2296:"Bell Pottinger probed for stoking racial tension in SA"
1053:. She expressed particular concern about misinformation
795:, and in that capacity she was an outspoken opponent of
528:
Provincial Minister of Economic Development and Tourism
3698:
Women members of the National Assembly of South Africa
2775:"Facebook to face the music in SA Parliament, says DA"
494:
and mentorship programme. Formerly a supporter of the
2215:"Commission probes Faith Muthambi's 'bloated office'"
1903:"DA appoints MP Solly Malatsi as second spokesperson"
2322:"'DA presented a solid case against Bell Pottinger'"
1781:"Van Damme's mother has a history of lying – report"
490:(DA) Young Leaders Programme, the party's selective
3171:"'I remain a member of the DA': Phumzile Van Damme"
1288:"I am a child of this country – Phumzile van Damme"
518:and briefly to the office of Mazibuko's successor,
352:between May 2014 and May 2021. She was the party's
311:
297:
289:
266:
255:
247:
237:
215:
210:
194:
184:
176:
147:
135:
123:
111:
97:
79:
61:
34:
1593:"DA appoints two spokespersons to replace Maimane"
903:to label her "Bell Pottinger's critic-in-chief".
448:at the time of Van Damme's birth. She is of mixed
27:South African activist and politician (born 1983)
3678:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
1015:, Van Damme published a series of further angry
676:'s reporting at the Press Ombudsman, calling it
2456:International Grand Committee on Disinformation
1348:"Phumzile van Damme: A young MP with a mission"
908:Public Relations and Communications Association
659:in the mid-1990s. In subsequent reporting, the
374:disinformation campaign, and she pioneered the
3668:Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
3300:"These are the Munich Young Leaders 2021/2022"
1455:"200 Young South Africans: Phumzile van Damme"
1041:for a meeting about the company's policies on
3197:"Phumzile van Damme terminates DA membership"
2164:"Charges on the cards for failed SABC bosses"
1860:"Phumzile van Damme quits as DA spokesperson"
962:that Steenhuisen had granted her unsolicited
8:
3663:21st-century South African women politicians
1834:"DA's Van Damme quits as party spokesperson"
1676:"The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014"
555:National Assembly of South Africa: 2014–2021
1110:Tech activism and consultancy: 2021–present
1098:filled her seat in the National Assembly.
637:acquired South African identity document".
344:. A former politician, she represented the
3600:
1956:"DA shadow cabinet: What you need to know"
1701:"Political powerhouse: Phumzile Van Damme"
1650:"DA appoints second national spokesperson"
1321:"Phumzile van Damme is South African – DA"
42:
31:
3352:"100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics – 2023"
1424:"MP's Corner: Ms Phumzile van Damme – DA"
914:. In August 2017, Van Damme travelled to
709:, Maimane appointed van Damme to replace
378:'s first efforts to engage international
93:3 October 2015 – 5 December 2020
1059:South African local government elections
1055:related to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic
767:elected Van Damme as one of the DA's 12
745:replaced her as DA spokesperson in June.
467:
2721:Makinana, Andisiwe (13 February 2021).
1232:
912:Chartered Institute of Public Relations
754:, named by Maimane as the party's lead
332:(born 20 July 1983) is a South African
162:30 May 2014 – 14 February 2018
3658:21st-century South African politicians
3374:
3372:
3247:Bhengu, Cebelihle (5 September 2021).
3117:Schreiber, Sinesipho (25 April 2023).
2716:
2714:
2583:
2581:
2507:Plessis, Carien du (4 December 2020).
2264:
2262:
2162:Makinana, Andisiwe (15 January 2017).
2138:"Muthambi to account for role in SABC"
2136:Makinana, Andisiwe (23 October 2016).
2058:Nkanjeni, Unathi (10 September 2019).
1928:Haffajee, Ferial (22 September 2018).
1749:
1747:
1559:
1557:
1536:"DA crop of young leaders come of age"
805:South African Broadcasting Corporation
506:Democratic Alliance staffer: 2009–2014
432:Van Damme was born on 20 July 1983 in
359:from October 2015 to December 2020.
3455:King, Sarah-Jane (11 February 2021).
3086:
3084:
3057:
3055:
2773:Malinga, Sibahle (16 February 2021).
1587:
1585:
785:Portfolio Committee on Communications
705:On 3 October 2015, in a reshuffle of
522:; thereafter she moved to the DA-led
7:
2481:Mazzone, Natasha (5 December 2020).
1832:Deklerk, Aphiwe (14 February 2018).
1725:Zondi, Wiseman (10 September 2023).
1674:Nsehe, Mfonobong (4 December 2014).
1449:
1447:
1445:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1383:
1381:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1282:
1280:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1169:Vital Voices Global Leadership Award
3481:Kaunda, Selisho (7 December 2020).
2929:Van Damme, Phumzile (27 May 2021).
2559:Selisho, Kaunda (5 December 2020).
2269:James, Sam Burne (17 August 2017).
1858:Tandwa, Lizeka (14 February 2018).
1619:"DA appoints National Spokespeople"
1177:Carr Center for Human Rights Policy
1121:November local government elections
3273:Felix, Jason (14 September 2021).
3169:Sonjica, Nomahlubi (21 May 2021).
3091:Deklerk, Aphiwe (26 August 2021).
2799:McKane, Jamie (16 February 2021).
2747:Mlambo, Sihle (15 February 2021).
2640:Ndenze, Babalo (7 December 2020).
2588:Davis, Rebecca (8 December 2020).
1982:"Here's the DA's 'shadow cabinet'"
1755:"DA cut corners on Van Damme: ANC"
524:Western Cape Provincial Government
75:21 May 2014 – 20 May 2021
25:
3597:interview at Million Dollar Mover
3559:Etheridge, Jenna (19 June 2019).
3533:Etheridge, Jenna (18 June 2019).
3409:United States Department of State
3143:Nkanjeni, Unathi (15 June 2021).
3062:Ludidi, Velani (4 October 2021).
3007:Cilliers, Charles (20 May 2021).
2981:Bhengu, Cebelihle (21 May 2021).
2666:Baloyi, Thabo (7 December 2020).
2188:Herman, Paul (24 February 2017).
701:Shadow Minister of Communications
478:In 2007 Van Damme graduated from
350:National Assembly of South Africa
81:Shadow Minister of Communications
3195:Charles, Marvin (26 June 2021).
2347:Cowan, Kyle (5 September 2017).
2240:Mafolo, Karabo (8 August 2019).
1954:Nkanjeni, Unathi (6 June 2019).
1648:Wakefield, Adam (10 July 2015).
1509:Ancer, Jonathan (30 June 2019).
881:campaign coordinated by British
854:and a criminal complaint to the
444:, was a teaching student at the
2851:Shapshack, Toby (12 May 2021).
2458:. 21 March 2021. Archived from
279:
63:Member of the National Assembly
3221:Khoza, Amanda (27 June 2021).
2903:Vermeulen, Jan (25 May 2021).
2877:Shapshak, Toby (20 May 2021).
2399:Lodge, Guy (2 February 2020).
2032:Ndenze, Babalo (30 May 2019).
972:functional neurologic disorder
836:parliamentary ethics committee
813:ad hoc parliamentary committee
475:stepfather, to South Africa.
1:
3618:National Spokesperson of the
3430:"A damme fine-looking couple"
3033:Baloyi, Thabo (21 May 2021).
2006:Mokone, Thabo (30 May 2019).
1885:"Fellows: Phumzile Van Damme"
1625:. 30 May 2014. Archived from
1084:Real Facebook Oversight Board
1074:questions" about its updated
418:gender-based cyber-harassment
148:National Spokesperson of the
2084:Gerber, Jan (8 April 2019).
954:to replace Van Damme in his
799:in communications agencies.
3405:"Summit for Democracy 2023"
1980:Gerber, Jan (5 June 2019).
1565:"Phumzile Thelma Van Damme"
1346:Alikhanyan, Gayane (2018).
793:presidential administration
526:as the spokesperson to the
512:April 2009 general election
465:
3714:
3304:Munich Security Conference
2825:Meyer, Dan (13 May 2021).
2401:"'Influence': Film Review"
1255:"DA MP a liar and a fraud"
1184:online harassment of women
1161:Munich Security Conference
1078:privacy policy, which had
869:
821:Minister of Communications
735:School of Oriental Studies
718:Minister of Communications
653:Department of Home Affairs
569:Parliament of South Africa
393:Regarded as a member of a
357:Minister of Communications
3626:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3589:Phumzile Thelma Van Damme
848:Public Service Commission
690:post-apartheid transition
608:South African citizenship
567:, the lower house of the
561:May 2014 general election
496:African National Congress
484:Grahamstown, South Africa
364:May 2014 general election
330:Phumzile Thelma Van Damme
323:
304:Sibongile Masuku (mother)
293:Qiniso Van Damme (sister)
206:
155:
86:
68:
57:
41:
3673:Rhodes University alumni
3604:Party political offices
3444:– via PressReader.
1488:South African Government
577:Leader of the Opposition
549:200 Young South Africans
510:In the months after the
428:Early life and education
376:South African Parliament
1597:The Mail & Guardian
1540:The Mail & Guardian
1464:. June 2013. p. 64
1389:"Mzansi's youngest MPs"
942:Demotion and sabbatical
462:Nelspruit, South Africa
446:University of Swaziland
3384:Harvard Kennedy School
2452:"The IGC – who we are"
1173:Harvard Kennedy School
1156:
1080:been widely criticised
936:Sundance Film Festival
872:White monopoly capital
860:editorial interference
670:citizenship by descent
668:, she was entitled to
631:Hlathikhulu, Swaziland
492:leadership development
372:white monopoly capital
3688:Political consultants
1145:Desirée Cormier Smith
1138:
1003:The DA's chief whip,
752:2019 general election
164:Serving with
3591:at People's Assembly
3380:"Phumzile Van Damme"
1364:10.18356/6d5b9858-en
1188:Summit for Democracy
1149:Summit for Democracy
1147:, and others at the
1057:and to the upcoming
1027:digital technologies
370:accountable for its
3683:People from Manzini
3620:Democratic Alliance
3306:. 29 September 2021
2487:Democratic Alliance
2117:. 29 September 2016
1705:Democratic Alliance
1623:Democratic Alliance
1462:Mail & Guardian
1294:. 20 September 2014
930:, Diana Neille and
823:, for questioning.
622:Mzilikazi wa Afrika
610:, inaugurated by a
602:Citizenship scandal
573:Marius Redelinghuys
544:Mail & Guardian
539:Cape Town City Bowl
488:Democratic Alliance
346:Democratic Alliance
272:Stian Tvede Karlsen
260:Democratic Alliance
166:Marius Redelinghuys
150:Democratic Alliance
3693:Political staffers
3595:Phumzile Van Damme
3436:. 19 February 2017
3356:Women in AI Ethics
3332:. 10 November 2022
2962:. 24 February 2022
2594:The Daily Maverick
2462:on 27 October 2021
2380:. 4 September 2017
1208:V&A Waterfront
1157:
1051:content moderation
996:incident during a
956:new shadow cabinet
707:his shadow cabinet
502:policy positions.
434:Manzini, Swaziland
388:content moderation
232:Manzini, Swaziland
36:Phumzile Van Damme
18:Phumzile van Damme
3636:
3635:
3627:Succeeded by
3039:The South African
2831:The South African
2699:. 6 December 2020
2672:The South African
2621:. 31 October 2020
2540:. 4 December 2020
2221:. 8 February 2018
1569:People's Assembly
1542:. 27 January 2014
1490:. 5 December 2012
1428:People's Assembly
976:chronic illnesses
761:Cameron Mackenzie
626:birth certificate
565:National Assembly
480:Rhodes University
327:
326:
318:Rhodes University
262:(until June 2021)
106:Cameron Mackenzie
16:(Redirected from
3705:
3609:Preceded by
3601:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3556:
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3549:
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2359:
2344:
2338:
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2335:
2333:
2328:. 18 August 2017
2318:
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2020:
2018:
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1997:
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1971:
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1829:
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1820:
1818:
1813:. 3 October 2015
1803:
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1334:
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1304:
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1301:
1299:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1261:. Archived from
1250:
1153:Washington, D.C.
1096:Nicholas Myburgh
1033:Facebook meeting
948:John Steenhuisen
883:public relations
844:Public Protector
819:, the incumbent
765:Sixth Parliament
731:global diplomacy
722:Veronica van Dyk
666:citizen by birth
657:Pietermaritzburg
584:Refiloe Nt'sekhe
516:Lindiwe Mazibuko
470:
399:John Steenhuisen
283:
281:
229:
225:
223:
211:Personal details
197:
187:
170:Refiloe Nt'sekhe
160:
138:
126:
102:Veronica van Dyk
91:
73:
46:
32:
21:
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2357:
2355:
2346:
2345:
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2279:
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2268:
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2250:
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2222:
2213:
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2109:
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2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2038:Eyewitness News
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1927:
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1922:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1883:
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1868:
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1842:
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1831:
1830:
1826:
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1788:
1779:
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1724:
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1699:
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1658:
1656:
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1646:
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1602:
1600:
1591:
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1583:
1573:
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1555:
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1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
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1477:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1408:
1398:
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1387:
1386:
1379:
1345:
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1340:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1265:on 29 June 2014
1252:
1251:
1234:
1229:
1196:
1165:Körber-Stiftung
1130:Code for Africa
1112:
1092:
1043:digital privacy
1035:
1011:interview with
1005:Natasha Mazzone
944:
916:London, England
910:(PRCA) and the
875:
868:
809:Jackson Mthembu
781:
756:anti-corruption
703:
604:
591:Forbes Magazine
557:
508:
442:conservationist
430:
410:tech regulation
403:Natasha Mazzone
384:digital privacy
307:
285:
282: 2017)
277:
273:
256:Political party
230:
227:
221:
219:
195:
185:
172:
161:
156:
136:
124:
104:
92:
87:
74:
69:
53:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3700:
3695:
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3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3583:External links
3581:
3578:
3577:
3551:
3525:
3514:. 19 June 2019
3499:
3473:
3447:
3434:Sunday Tribune
3421:
3396:
3368:
3343:
3317:
3291:
3265:
3239:
3213:
3187:
3161:
3135:
3109:
3080:
3051:
3025:
2999:
2973:
2947:
2935:Daily Maverick
2921:
2895:
2869:
2843:
2817:
2791:
2765:
2739:
2710:
2684:
2658:
2632:
2606:
2577:
2551:
2525:
2499:
2473:
2443:
2432:. 5 March 2020
2417:
2391:
2365:
2339:
2313:
2287:
2258:
2246:Daily Maverick
2232:
2206:
2180:
2154:
2128:
2102:
2076:
2050:
2024:
1998:
1972:
1946:
1934:Daily Maverick
1920:
1909:. 15 June 2018
1894:
1876:
1850:
1824:
1798:
1772:
1761:. 30 June 2014
1743:
1731:Daily Maverick
1717:
1692:
1666:
1640:
1629:on 31 May 2014
1610:
1581:
1553:
1527:
1501:
1475:
1441:
1406:
1395:. 11 July 2014
1377:
1352:Africa Renewal
1338:
1327:. 29 June 2014
1305:
1276:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1195:
1192:
1141:Antony Blinken
1111:
1108:
1091:
1088:
1047:misinformation
1034:
1031:
989:Daily Maverick
966:, labelled a "
952:Zakhele Mbhele
943:
940:
932:Richard Poplak
924:disinformation
887:Bell Pottinger
867:
866:Bell Pottinger
864:
858:about alleged
850:about alleged
828:forensic audit
817:Faith Muthambi
780:
777:
702:
699:
603:
600:
596:social liberal
556:
553:
507:
504:
429:
426:
414:digital rights
395:social liberal
368:Bell Pottinger
342:misinformation
338:disinformation
325:
324:
321:
320:
315:
309:
308:
306:
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142:Zakhele Mbhele
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3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3653:Living people
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3631:
3630:Solly Malatsi
3622:
3621:
3613:
3612:Mmusi Maimane
3607:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3586:
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3562:
3555:
3552:
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3305:
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3139:
3136:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3069:
3068:Weekend Argus
3065:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3000:
2988:
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2503:
2500:
2488:
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2477:
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2461:
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2453:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2430:Jewish Report
2427:
2421:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2354:
2350:
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2340:
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2317:
2314:
2302:. 4 July 2017
2301:
2297:
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2276:
2272:
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2259:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
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2207:
2195:
2191:
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2181:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2143:
2139:
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2129:
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2106:
2103:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1908:
1904:
1898:
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1861:
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1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1812:
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1802:
1799:
1787:. 6 July 2014
1786:
1782:
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1773:
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1756:
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1628:
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1611:
1599:. 30 May 2014
1598:
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1582:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1541:
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1505:
1502:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1430:. 15 May 2015
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1394:
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1384:
1382:
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1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1194:Personal life
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:in March 2023
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1104:Kevin Mileham
1099:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
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1066:
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1056:
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1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
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1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
990:
985:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:medical leave
961:
957:
953:
949:
941:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
865:
863:
862:at the SABC.
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
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790:
786:
778:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
753:
748:
747:
744:
743:Solly Malatsi
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:spokesperson.
723:
719:
716:
712:
708:
700:
698:
695:
691:
687:
681:
679:
675:
671:
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623:
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581:
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570:
566:
562:
554:
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546:
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535:
533:
529:
525:
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520:Mmusi Maimane
517:
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501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
469:
463:
459:
455:
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436:(present-day
435:
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251:South African
250:
246:
243:
242:South African
240:
236:
233:
228:(age 41)
218:
214:
209:
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202:
201:Solly Malatsi
199:
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190:Mmusi Maimane
189:
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180:Mmusi Maimane
179:
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171:
167:
159:
154:
151:
146:
143:
140:
134:
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122:
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118:Mmusi Maimane
116:
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107:
103:
100:
96:
90:
85:
82:
78:
72:
67:
64:
60:
56:
51:
48:Van Damme in
45:
40:
33:
30:
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3568:. Retrieved
3564:
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3538:
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3516:. Retrieved
3511:
3502:
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3486:
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3460:
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3438:. Retrieved
3433:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
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3399:
3387:. Retrieved
3383:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:Sunday Times
3329:
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3308:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3278:
3268:
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3253:Sunday Times
3252:
3242:
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3227:Sunday Times
3226:
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3200:
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3175:Sunday Times
3174:
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3152:. Retrieved
3148:
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3123:Sunday Times
3122:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3096:
3071:. Retrieved
3067:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
3028:
3016:. Retrieved
3012:
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2987:Sunday Times
2986:
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2959:
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2938:. Retrieved
2934:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2908:
2898:
2886:. Retrieved
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2856:
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2830:
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2778:
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2726:
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2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
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2649:. Retrieved
2645:
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2618:
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2593:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2537:
2528:
2516:. Retrieved
2512:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:the original
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2404:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2377:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2353:Sunday Times
2352:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2325:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:Sunday Times
2299:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:Business Day
2218:
2209:
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2193:
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2171:. Retrieved
2167:
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2145:. Retrieved
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2093:. Retrieved
2089:
2079:
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2064:Sunday Times
2063:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2037:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2012:Sunday Times
2011:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1960:Sunday Times
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1906:
1897:
1889:Vital Voices
1888:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1838:Sunday Times
1837:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1622:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
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1568:
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1539:
1530:
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1515:Sunday Times
1514:
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1492:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1432:. Retrieved
1427:
1397:. Retrieved
1392:
1355:
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1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1324:
1296:. Retrieved
1291:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:the original
1259:Sunday Times
1258:
1219:
1216:self-defence
1205:
1201:Bachelorette
1197:
1181:
1158:
1113:
1100:
1093:
1067:
1036:
1024:
1020:
1002:
987:
980:
945:
927:
921:
905:
898:
891:Gupta family
876:
831:
825:
782:
779:SABC inquiry
773:Vital Voices
749:
746:
726:
704:
694:Heritage Day
682:
674:Sunday Times
673:
661:Sunday Times
660:
649:Sunday Times
648:
646:
639:
635:fraudulently
618:Piet Rampedi
613:Sunday Times
611:
605:
588:
580:
558:
542:
536:
509:
477:
473:
431:
407:
392:
390:policies.
361:
348:(DA) in the
329:
328:
226:20 July 1983
196:Succeeded by
157:
137:Succeeded by
88:
70:
29:
3648:1983 births
3487:The Citizen
3149:The Sowetan
3097:The Sowetan
3013:The Citizen
2909:MyBroadband
2805:MyBroadband
2727:The Sowetan
2697:The Citizen
2619:The Citizen
2565:The Citizen
2384:7 September
2115:The Sowetan
2043:15 February
1811:PoliticsWeb
1759:The Sowetan
1292:PoliticsWeb
1090:Resignation
984:Mbali Ntuli
832:prima facie
711:Gavin Davis
380:tech giants
248:Nationality
238:Citizenship
186:Preceded by
130:Gavin Davis
125:Preceded by
52:in May 2019
3642:Categories
3624:2014–2018
2492:5 December
1227:References
1126:Right2Know
1116:consultant
1071:roundtable
968:sabbatical
797:corruption
789:Jacob Zuma
642:Zizi Kodwa
532:Alan Winde
313:Alma mater
222:1983-07-20
50:Parliament
3461:Cape Talk
2651:7 January
2599:7 January
2544:7 January
1907:SABC News
1372:186650227
1212:Cape Town
1013:JJ Tabane
928:Influence
879:fake news
840:president
686:apartheid
382:on their
290:Relations
158:In office
89:In office
71:In office
3512:BBC News
2466:21 March
2378:BBC News
2251:3 August
2225:3 August
2199:3 August
1913:10 April
1163:and the
1076:Whatsapp
1039:Facebook
895:captured
852:nepotism
838:and the
678:libelous
438:Eswatini
3570:16 July
3544:16 July
3518:16 July
3440:16 July
3414:16 July
3389:16 July
3361:16 July
3336:16 July
3310:16 July
3284:16 July
3258:16 July
3232:28 June
3206:28 June
3154:16 July
3128:16 July
3102:16 July
3073:16 July
2992:16 July
2966:16 July
2940:16 July
2914:16 July
2888:16 July
2810:16 July
2784:16 July
2758:16 July
2732:16 July
2703:16 July
2677:16 July
2625:16 July
2570:16 July
2518:16 July
2436:16 July
2410:16 July
2405:Variety
2173:16 July
2147:16 July
2121:16 July
2095:16 July
2069:16 July
2017:16 July
1991:8 April
1965:8 April
1939:16 July
1869:16 July
1843:16 July
1817:16 July
1791:16 July
1765:16 July
1736:16 July
1710:16 July
1685:16 July
1659:16 July
1633:16 July
1603:16 July
1574:16 July
1546:16 July
1520:16 July
1494:16 July
1468:16 July
1434:16 July
1399:16 July
1331:16 July
1298:16 July
1269:16 July
1220:voetsek
994:hot mic
960:Twitter
787:during
733:at the
720:, with
559:In the
500:liberal
422:Twitter
284:
276:
3565:News24
3539:News24
3279:News24
3201:News24
3180:21 May
3044:8 June
3018:7 June
2960:Medium
2883:Forbes
2862:13 May
2857:Forbes
2836:14 May
2513:News24
2358:14 May
2332:14 May
2306:5 July
2280:14 May
2275:PRWeek
2194:News24
2168:News24
2142:News24
2090:News24
1986:News24
1864:News24
1785:News24
1680:Forbes
1654:News24
1370:
1358:: 15.
1325:News24
1063:Google
1049:, and
1017:Tweets
986:. The
900:PRWeek
856:police
801:News24
739:London
715:Shadow
456:, and
416:, and
354:Shadow
298:Parent
267:Spouse
177:Leader
113:Leader
98:Deputy
3492:8 May
3466:8 May
2779:ITWeb
1458:(PDF)
1368:S2CID
885:firm
769:whips
692:. On
471:).
468:below
458:Xhosa
450:Swati
278:(
274:
3572:2024
3546:2024
3520:2024
3494:2021
3468:2021
3442:2024
3416:2024
3391:2024
3363:2024
3338:2024
3312:2024
3286:2024
3260:2024
3234:2021
3208:2021
3182:2021
3156:2024
3130:2024
3104:2024
3075:2024
3046:2021
3020:2021
2994:2024
2968:2024
2942:2024
2916:2024
2890:2024
2864:2021
2838:2021
2812:2024
2786:2024
2760:2024
2734:2024
2705:2024
2679:2024
2653:2020
2627:2024
2601:2021
2572:2024
2546:2021
2520:2024
2494:2020
2468:2021
2438:2024
2412:2024
2386:2017
2360:2021
2334:2021
2308:2017
2282:2021
2253:2023
2227:2023
2201:2023
2175:2024
2149:2024
2123:2024
2097:2024
2071:2024
2045:2021
2019:2024
1993:2020
1967:2020
1941:2024
1915:2020
1871:2024
1845:2024
1819:2024
1793:2024
1767:2024
1738:2024
1712:2024
1687:2024
1661:2024
1635:2024
1605:2024
1576:2024
1548:2024
1522:2024
1496:2024
1470:2024
1436:2024
1401:2024
1393:Drum
1333:2024
1300:2024
1271:2024
1190:.
1128:and
1009:eNCA
998:Zoom
893:had
466:see
454:Zulu
386:and
340:and
334:tech
216:Born
168:and
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2646:EWN
2538:IOL
2326:IOL
1360:doi
1210:in
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3407:.
3382:.
3371:^
3354:.
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3095:.
3083:^
3066:.
3054:^
3037:.
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2881:.
2855:.
2829:.
2803:.
2777:.
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2725:.
2713:^
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