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with a flying male. Or a male and female, both perched, may approach each other by progressive changes of perch. Coupling is acrobatic and "front to back": the pair hang with the male in front and the female behind, facing the same way, and by a corkscrew action of the abdomens finish with the female hanging vertically by her front feet, and the male dangling upside down and held to her only by the grip of the genitalia. They remain in this posture until the following dawn. Some authorities believe that this mating system constitutes a lek (or
64:
456:
8 pattern which is so quick that the human eye interprets it as a “pendulum” motion. The males prominently dangle their modified hindlegs, which end in yellow brushes that disperse an attractive scent, or pheromone. Males also fight: either swinging into each other, or rising in the air in a vibrating dance, in which they try to exhaust each other. The loser usually flies right away, off site.
42:
51:
424:
This is a rather small moth for the family, with a wingspan of 26–32 mm. The male is distinctive, the brown forewings marked with two parallel bands of white markings. The larger female is less striking with muted grey-and-brown markings. The adult is on the wing in June and July (this refers to
459:
Females fly onto the site, and courtships take place in a bewildering variety. The female may fly to one of the perched males, or to a perch of her own choosing; she may be pursued on the way by one or more males, or males may fly to her after she perches. Or she may perform a mutual courtship dance
455:
The mating system is spectacular, but rarely observed because it takes place in the late evening, on either side of sunset. A number of males gather in one limited space and start to display, alternating between perching on the vegetation with their wings spread out, or flying rapidly in a figure of
496:
Larvae are more than 28 mm long; the body is pale greyish brown with shining dark brown or black dorsal plate on each thoracic segment and the head is black or brownish black. They feed from July to June of the second year in the stem of bracken, overwintering twice. In the final instar they
446:
The adult moths spend most of the 24 hours resting, in a wide variety of places from the tree canopy to the base of the ground vegetation. They are active only for two brief periods: for an hour or two around sunset, when they mate and previously mated females lay eggs; and then very briefly for
447:
about 15 minutes at sunrise, when mating pairs separate, and males that have remained overnight in exposed positions move to less visible places. Very occasionally, and usually in mountainous areas, there is a period of activity in the mid-afternoon.
864:
763:
P.L. Phelan. 1997. Evolution of mate-signalling in moths: phylogenetic considerations and predictions from the asymmetric tracking hypothesis. In: Choe J.C. Choe and B.J. Crespi, eds.
468:, in which females prefer to mate with a single dominant male whose display behaviour has demonstrated his superiority to all the other males. Others believe that the
425:
the
British Isles; other parts of the range may differ) and both sexes are moderately attracted to light. To attract females, the male emits a scent rather similar to
1117:
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1191:
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stage is short and takes place in May or early June in leaf litter or moss, in a thin cocoon covered in soil or plant remains.
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179:
859:
1104:
488:
The females broadcast the eggs above the foodplant. Eggs are spherical, white when laid and rapidly turn blueish black.
967:
1122:
1024:
472:
are radically different from the grouse, and constitute a functional mate acquisition system, or male mating swarm.
63:
579:
1037:
797:
668:
the gold swift demonstrates the evolution of leking and male swarming via a hotspot (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)".
544:– meaning a fever, as in 'the fitful, alternating flight' of the moth. It has since been allocated to the genus
1186:
1181:
925:
909:
416:
and are unable to feed. The gold swift is a widespread species found in Europe and Asia, including Japan.
1076:
972:
158:
993:
642:(Linnaeus, 1758) and other crepuscular and nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae, Geometridae)".
1171:
520:
398:
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T.E. Shelly and T.S. Whittier.1997. Lek behaviour of insects. In: J.C. Choe and B.J. Crespi, eds.
524:
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58:
1143:
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611:: predator avoidance and the integration of complex lek behaviour (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae)".
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1148:
746:
677:
620:
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1032:
1019:
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561:– feverish or hectic; from either the flushed forewing or the moths flight, or both.
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402:
175:
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837:
805:
465:
412:. Moths of the Hepialidae are considered to be primitive moths; they do not have a
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1058:
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115:
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17:
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Hepialidae. In The Moths and
Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1
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135:
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The
Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning
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737:(L.) and a review of mating in the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera)".
865:
699:(Lepidoptera: Hepialidae): evidence for the hot shot moth".
586:. Hook, Hampshire: British Wildlife Publishing. p. 20.
695:
Turner, J R G (1988). "Sex, leks and fechts in swift moths
765:
The evolution of mating systems in insects and arachnids.
607:
Turner, J R G (2013). "The dawn flight of the gold swift
778:
The evolution of mating systems in insects and arachnids
780:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pages 294–309.
767:
Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, pages 273–293.
584:
Field Guide to the Moths of Great
Britain and Ireland
638:
Turner, J R G (2014). "Anamalous daylight flight in
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Figs.1,1a larvae after last moult in roots of fern (
932:
733:Mallet, J (1984). "Sex roles in the ghost moth
8:
722:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
391:. Until recently it was placed in the genus
920:
49:
40:
31:
739:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
670:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
664:Turner, J R G (2015). "The flexible lek:
613:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
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790:
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497:feed at the surface on young shoots.
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7:
1038:b089bd9a-8ad5-417b-8f57-1cfa081cbec1
751:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb02320.x
718:Höglund, J; Alatalo., R V (1995).
531:in 1758. Previously placed in the
25:
578:Waring, Paul; Townsend, Martin;
62:
180:10th edition of Systema Naturae
464:), analogous to the mating of
1:
1192:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1208:
194:
187:
164:
157:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
387:belonging to the family
1177:Moths described in 1758
881:"3.004 BF16 Gold Swift
644:Entomologist's Gazette
480:
443:
329:van Wisselingh, 1961
178:, Lepidoptera in the
478:
435:
310:Hepialus zetterstedti
305:Bytinski-Salz, 1939
297:Bytinski-Salz, 1939
1033:Fauna Europaea (new)
550:. The specific name
451:Courtship and mating
289:BytinskiSalz, 1939
911:De Vlinderstichting
808:. pp. 166–70.
257:Krulikowsky, 1908
580:Lewington, Richard
540:– from the Greek;
481:
444:
397:. The species was
350:Phimatopus reducta
334:Phimatopus brunnea
286:Hepialus confluens
1159:
1158:
1144:Open Tree of Life
926:Taxon identifiers
885:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
830:Emmet, A Maitland
682:10.1111/bij.12411
625:10.1111/bij.12145
371:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
326:Hepialus continua
322:
314:
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298:
290:
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270:Hepialus strigosa
266:
262:Hepialus decorata
258:
254:Hepialus decorata
250:
246:Hepialus unicolor
242:
238:Hepialus hectator
234:
226:
222:Phalaena clavipes
218:
210:
16:(Redirected from
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934:Phymatopus hecta
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883:Phymatopus hecta
860:Skinner, Bernard
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640:Phymatopus hecta
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519:The species was
407:10th edition of
380:Phymatopus hecta
360:
352:
344:
342:Phimatopus fusca
336:
328:
320:
318:Hepialus radiata
312:
304:
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294:Hepialus inversa
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273:Hartwieg, 1922
272:
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249:Petersen, 1902
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209:Linnaeus, 1758
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168:Phymatopus hecta
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18:Phymatopus hecta
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1187:Moths of Europe
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523:by the Swedish
521:first described
517:
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479:Male and female
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439:Pteris aquilina
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409:Systema Naturae
399:first described
367:
358:Phimatopus rufa
302:Hepialus ornata
241:Haworth, 1802
230:Noctua nemorosa
225:Retzius, 1783
200:
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27:Species of moth
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904:Lepiforum e.V.
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873:External links
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840:. p. 42.
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804:. Colchester:
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619:(2): 305–319.
609:Hepialus hecta
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337:Lempke, 1961
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278:Hepialus nigra
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159:Binomial name
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150:P. hecta
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892:. Retrieved
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806:Harley Books
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554:is from the
551:
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466:black grouse
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420:Life history
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405:in his 1758
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214:Bombyx flina
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206:Noctua hecta
205:
167:
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149:
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136:
29:
1059:iNaturalist
894:21 November
798:Heath, John
676:: 184–201.
470:swift moths
116:Lepidoptera
35:Gold swift
1172:Hepialidae
1166:Categories
1097:PhymaHecta
915:(in Dutch)
565:References
547:Phymatopus
525:taxonomist
462:lek mating
389:Hepialidae
375:gold swift
137:Phymatopus
126:Hepialidae
96:Arthropoda
745:: 67-82.
650:: 97–104.
514:Etymology
442:) 1b pupa
427:pineapple
414:proboscis
182:appendix)
144:Species:
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
1094:MaBENA:
1072:LepIndex
957:BioLib:
943:Wikidata
862:(1984).
832:(1991).
800:(1983).
707:: 90–95.
697:Hepialus
582:(2003).
559:hectikos
542:hēpialos
537:Hepialus
501:Pupation
394:Hepialus
217:, 1775
189:Synonyms
176:Linnaeus
122:Family:
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
1123:1108693
1051:4525610
999:3874047
949:Q127486
889:UKMoths
383:) is a
132:Genus:
112:Order:
106:Insecta
102:Class:
1149:771253
1077:137100
1064:541634
1025:431769
1012:298286
973:183484
844:
812:
590:
1084:LoB:
1007:EUNIS
986:9475K
960:44514
556:Greek
552:hecta
533:genus
492:Larva
1136:1698
1118:NCBI
1087:4553
1046:GBIF
968:BOLD
896:2022
842:ISBN
810:ISBN
720:Leks
588:ISBN
507:pupa
505:The
484:Ovum
385:moth
373:The
198:List
1105:NBN
994:EoL
981:CoL
747:doi
705:107
678:doi
674:114
621:doi
617:110
401:by
1168::
1146::
1133::
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1009::
996::
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656:^
648:65
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898:.
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753:.
749::
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377:(
174:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
