387:
483:. Phytobenthos are highly diverse, and can be found in freshwater and marine environments, as well as transitional water systems. However, their distribution and availability still depend on the factors and stressors that exist in the environment. Because phytobenthos are autotrophs, they need to be able to subsist where it is still possible to perform photosynthesis. Similar to phytoplankton, phytobenthos contribute to the aquatic food web for grazers and heterotrophic bacteria, and researchers have also been studying their health as an indicator for water quality and environmental integrity of aquatic ecosystems.
564:
651:
635:
620:
themselves. Phytobenthos can fix organic matters as primary producers, and the extracellular polymeric substance they produced to attach themselves to surfaces can also be utilized by bacteria as another potential carbon source. The presence of consumers are not the only biotic factors driving changes to the phytobenthos composition in the community. Photosynthetic populations that demonstrate themselves to be competitive can also change the benthic community makeup. The diatom
492:
33:
343:
610:
Other physical and chemical conditions that also determine phytobenthos distributions include flow, acidity, nutrient, temperature, and the community's composition. Water flow can determine the types and distributions of phytobenthos, especially in the stream communities where the water is constantly
578:
Depending on the type of substrates to which the phytobenthos is attached, they would be considered as epilithic (growing on rocks and other manmade, artificial substances), epipelic (growing on silt), episammic (growing on sand), epiphytic (growing on other plants), or epizoic (growing on animals).
513:
Kütznig have been observed to live in a free-living state. Benthic diatoms have been found to be useful indicator species for determining the state of the aquatic environment as many study models have demonstrated association between the type of diatom communities that are present and the stability
502:
Phytobenthos are subcategorized into microphytobenthos and macrophytobenthos. Microphytobenthos such as diatoms can be as small as 0.2 μm in diameter, and macrophytobenthos such as kelps can be tens of meters long. To establish themselves on surfaces, phytobenthos usually stabilize themselves onto
627:
Researchers have assigned trophic values or indicators based on the
Periphyton Index of Trophic status (PIT) to phytobenthos as another means to determine the ecological status of water bodies. Researchers have also taken into consideration of the water chemistry, richness of the community, and
619:
Phytobenthos form biofilm with other microbial populations, including heterotrophic bacteria, which can also produce extracellular polymeric substance to help establish biofilm. Within these diverse communities, phytobenthos sustains the heterotrophs and mixotrophs not only by serving as food
1647:
Moura, Carlos
Wallace do Nascimento; Alves, Aigara Miranda; Santos, Alana Araújo dos; Almeida, Wellington Romualdo de Almeida; Moniz Brito, Kátia Lidiane; Oliveira, Ingryd Santana de; Freitas, Nelma Dos Santos; Oliveira, Ivania Batista de; Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto (2015-08-04).
534:
Phytobenthos consist of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities, which can be identified by using microscopy or by performing gene sequencing with 16S rRNA (for prokaryotes) and 18S rRNA (for eukaryotes). The eukaryotic communities of phytobenthos include microalgae such as
601:
With increasing depth, there is a decline in algal cover due in part to light availability. In addition to depth, turbidity can restrict the extent of light availability, which would also impact the extent of phytobenthic growth. However, phytobenthos such as
984:
L'Abée-Lund, Jan
Henning; Haugland, Svein; Melvold, Kjetil; Saltveit, Svein Jakob; Eie, Jon Arne; Hvidsten, Nils Arne; Pettersen, Vegard; Faugli, Per Einar; Jensen, Arne J. (2009-01-01), Tockner, Klement; Uehlinger, Urs; Robinson, Christopher T. (eds.),
503:
substrates through the use of various polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and even lipids that make up the extracellular polymeric substance, of which 40 - 90% of the carbons are derived from carbohydrates. Some species of phytobenthos such as
555:, which has been reportedly found in intertidal regions. The prokaryotic communities of phytobenthos are composed primarily of filamentous cyanobacteria, some of which have been identified to be capable of producing hepatotoxins.
606:
have demonstrated capability to adapt to low-light conditions as grow in areas as deep as 200 meters. Some diatoms also demonstrated mobility and rise to the surface during the earlier part of the year.
590:
The phytobenthos' habitats can range from freshwater systems such as rivers and lakes to coastal regions. In the marine environment, phytobenthos can be found as far back from the shore as the
471:
organisms found attached to bottom surfaces of aquatic environments, such as rocks, sediments, or even other organisms. This photosynthetic community includes single-celled or filamentous
1073:"Do benthic algae provide important information over and above that provided by macrophytes and phytoplankton in lake status assessment? – Results from a case study in Norway"
386:
628:
biomass in their studies. Depending on the site of study, researchers also account for the activities from the phytobenthos when calculating for primary productivity.
853:
Schaumburg, Jochen; Schranz, Christine; Foerster, Julia; Gutowski, Antje; Hofmann, Gabriele; Meilinger, Petra; Schneider, Susanne; Schmedtje, Ursula (December 2004).
650:
1135:"Macrophytes and phytobenthos as indicators of ecological status in German lakes — a contribution to the implementation of the water framework directive"
1650:"Checklist of phytobenthos from Boipeba Island, Bahia, Brazil, emphasizing the morphological features of Nitophyllum punctatum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)"
373:
1295:"Different Types of Diatom-Derived Extracellular Polymeric Substances Drive Changes in Heterotrophic Bacterial Communities from Intertidal Sediments"
1176:"Different Types of Diatom-Derived Extracellular Polymeric Substances Drive Changes in Heterotrophic Bacterial Communities from Intertidal Sediments"
281:
1972:
1930:
998:
829:
1996:
Figueroa, Fabián; Pedreros, Pablo; Cruces, Fabiola; Abdala-Díaz, Roberto; Hernández, Víctor; Becerra, José; Urrutia, Roberto (2018-12-13).
1352:
Massé, A.; Tribollet, A.; Meziane, T.; Bourguet-Kondracki, M.L.; Yéprémian, C.; Sève, C.; Thiney, N.; Longeon, A.; Couté, A. (2020-09-19).
587:
have also been found to grow on skeletons or within corals to which they have established symbiotic relationships by exchanging nutrients.
1527:
Zancarini, Anouk; Echenique-Subiabre, Isidora; Debroas, Didier; Taïb, Najwa; Quiblier, Catherine; Humbert, Jean-François (2017-06-28).
1529:"Deciphering biodiversity and interactions between bacteria and microeukaryotes within epilithic biofilms from the Loue River, France"
634:
1293:
Bohórquez, Julio; McGenity, Terry J.; Papaspyrou, Sokratis; García-Robledo, Emilio; Corzo, Alfonso; Underwood, Graham J. C. (2017).
1174:
Bohórquez, Julio; McGenity, Terry J.; Papaspyrou, Sokratis; García-Robledo, Emilio; Corzo, Alfonso; Underwood, Graham J. C. (2017).
611:
moving. Rivers with more steady flow contribute to the stable environment that can promote the growth of phytobenthos communities.
1594:"Comparison of Eukaryotic Phytobenthic Community Composition in a Polluted River by Partial 18S rRNA Gene Cloning and Sequencing"
1813:
Longphuirt, SN; Leynaert, A; Guarini, JM; Chauvaud, L; Claquin, P; Herlory, O; Amice, E; Huonnic, P; Ragueneau, O (2006-12-20).
1233:
Bilous, Olena P.; Wojtal, Agata Z.; Ivanova, Natalia O.; Tsarenko, Petro M.; Burova, Olga V.; Barinova, Sophia (December 2020).
1133:
Schaumburg, Jochen; Schranz, Christine; Hofmann, Gabriele; Stelzer, Doris; Schneider, Susanne; Schmedtje, Ursula (2004-12-01).
937:"Successions of phytobenthos species in a Mediterranean transitional water system: the importance of long term observations"
855:"Ecological classification of macrophytes and phytobenthos for rivers in Germany according to the water framework directive"
1438:"Relationships Between Environmental Variables and Benthic Diatom Assemblages in California Central Valley Streams (USA)"
737:
594:
where they are consistently submerged in water. Their productivity does not extend beyond the outer boundary of the
563:
366:
1691:"Benthic cyanobacteria: A source of cylindrospermopsin and microcystin in Australian drinking water reservoirs"
896:"Responses of Freshwater Diatoms and Macrophytes Rely on the Stressor Gradient Length across the River Systems"
359:
54:
1756:
del Campo, Javier; Pombert, Jean-François; Šlapeta, Jan; Larkum, Anthony; Keeling, Patrick J. (January 2017).
2103:
2098:
1740:
The
Freshwater algal flora of the British Isles: an identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae
225:
202:
190:
641:
986:
1383:
306:
1690:
1998:"Effect of Didymosphenia geminata coverage on the phytobenthic community in an Andean basin of Chile"
1826:
1540:
779:
266:
1020:
768:"Depth distribution of algal species on the deep insular fore reef at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas"
2108:
2074:
2027:
1891:
1689:
Gaget, Virginie; Humpage, Andrew R.; Huang, Qiong; Monis, Paul; Brookes, Justin D. (2017-11-01).
1629:
1465:
1365:
1112:
1048:
966:
809:
767:
718:
347:
276:
251:
894:
Urbanič, Gorazd; Debeljak, Barbara; Kuhar, Urška; Germ, Mateja; Gaberščik, Alenka (2021-06-30).
491:
2047:"Microphytobenthos contribution to nutrient-phytoplankton dynamics in a shallow coastal lagoon"
2066:
2019:
1968:
1926:
1883:
1844:
1795:
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1718:
1710:
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1621:
1613:
1574:
1556:
1504:
1457:
1436:
Pan, Yangdong; Hill, Brian H.; Husby, Peter; Hall, Robert K.; Kaufmann, Philip R. (May 2006).
1334:
1316:
1215:
1197:
1156:
1104:
1040:
994:
958:
917:
876:
825:
710:
227:
1864:"Contribution of Major Groups of Autotrophic Organisms to Primary Production of Water Bodies"
2058:
2009:
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702:
403:
1396:
326:
301:
204:
192:
1879:
1863:
1830:
1544:
1021:"Data rich, information poor? Phytobenthos assessment and the Water Framework Directive"
953:
936:
783:
624:
can proliferate quickly and are readily adaptive to changes to the aquatic environment.
1952:
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1329:
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256:
50:
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2031:
1633:
1469:
1235:"Benthic Diatom Composition in Coastal Zone of Black Sea, Sasyk Reservoir (Ukraine)"
1052:
722:
690:
1484:
591:
548:
316:
246:
184:
151:
88:
78:
46:
1917:, vol. 39, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 317–340,
1500:
691:"A Review of the Function and uses of, and Factors Affecting, Stream Phytobenthos"
1706:
1036:
551:. In the marine environment, some additional representative populations include
514:
and the size of the sediments. Non-diatom phytobenthos such as the cyanobacteria
1964:
1910:
1089:
1072:
468:
141:
83:
1649:
1552:
1353:
2014:
1997:
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112:
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2023:
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1714:
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1320:
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1192:
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1044:
962:
921:
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714:
1267:"Kelp Forests - Oceans, Coasts & Seashores (U.S. National Park Service)"
552:
219:
176:
1799:
1773:
1722:
1625:
1578:
1485:"Benthic freshwater cyanobacteria as indicators of anthropogenic pressures"
1354:"Functional diversity of microboring Ostreobium algae isolated from corals"
1338:
1219:
821:
1922:
1099:
498:
is composed of phytobenthos as well as other eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
261:
215:
2046:
1071:
Schneider, Susanne C.; Hjermann, Dag O.; Edvardsen, Hanne (2019-05-01).
706:
44:
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1839:
1814:
1666:
495:
180:
40:
24:
1251:
1234:
912:
895:
935:
Petrocelli, Antonella; Cecere, Ester; Rubino, Fernando (2019-03-05).
540:
516:
61:
1758:"The 'other' coral symbiont: Ostreobium diversity and distribution"
738:"Exploring new territories: sampling phytobenthos in large rivers"
598:, the region to which sunlight can still penetrate to the bottom.
562:
490:
385:
2045:
Webster, Ian T.; Ford, Phillip W.; Hodgson, Bruce (August 2002).
1909:
Makovinska, Jarmila; Hlubikova, Dasa (2014), Liska, Igor (ed.),
1951:
Lowe, Rex L. (1979), Ward, James V.; Stanford, Jack A. (eds.),
1815:"Discovery of microphytobenthos migration in the subtidal zone"
458:
448:
433:
427:
418:
412:
436:
772:
Deep Sea
Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
766:
Aponte, Nilda E.; Ballantine, David L. (October 2001).
439:
430:
409:
1592:
Dorigo, U.; Bérard, A.; Humbert, J.F. (2002-12-01).
1483:
Monteagudo, Laura; Moreno, José Luis (August 2016).
1141:. New methods for assessing freshwaters in Germany.
424:
415:
526:spp. have also been used as biological indicators.
421:
1412:"Benthic diatom communities in Estonian rivers"
367:
8:
1953:"Phytobenthic Ecology and Regulated Streams"
993:, London: Academic Press, pp. 577–606,
1959:, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 25–34,
987:"Chapter 15 - Rivers of the Boreal Uplands"
406:
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212:
15:
2013:
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1328:
1310:
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1150:
1098:
1088:
952:
911:
870:
742:International Society for Diatom Research
736:Mora, Demetrio; Jung, Lea (2021-02-04).
670:
630:
282:Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
23:
1392:
1381:
1128:
1126:
1991:
1989:
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1734:
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7:
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59:
2002:Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
954:10.3897/natureconservation.34.30055
1911:"Phytobenthos of the River Danube"
1880:10.1023/b:ware.0000013579.89883.55
689:Law, Rosemary J. (December 2011).
14:
1957:The Ecology of Regulated Streams
816:, Elsevier, pp. 2172–2179,
649:
633:
402:
393:growing on an underwater surface
341:
31:
1862:Boulion, V. V. (January 2004).
1819:Marine Ecology Progress Series
814:Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences
1:
1501:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.035
1152:10.1016/S0075-9511(04)80003-3
1025:European Journal of Phycology
872:10.1016/s0075-9511(04)80002-1
792:10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00011-5
579:Epizoic phytobenthos such as
1707:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.073
1037:10.1080/09670262.2013.852694
1019:Kelly, Martyn (2013-11-01).
1965:10.1007/978-1-4684-8613-1_3
1419:Boreal Environment Research
1090:10.1016/j.limno.2019.02.001
19:Part of a series related to
2125:
1553:10.1038/s41598-017-04016-w
459:
449:
2015:10.1186/s40693-018-0080-y
1610:10.1007/s00248-002-2024-x
1454:10.1007/s10750-005-1609-z
1362:10.1101/2020.09.18.303545
1299:Frontiers in Microbiology
1180:Frontiers in Microbiology
391:Filamentous cyanobacteria
1410:Vilbaste, Sirje (2001).
1312:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00245
1193:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00245
509:and diatoms such as the
467:, meaning "depths") are
457:, meaning "plants") and
1915:The Danube River Basin
1774:10.1038/ismej.2016.101
1391:Cite journal requires
822:10.1006/rwos.2001.0216
808:Wilkinson, M. (2001),
659:coverage of stream bed
657:Didymosphenia geminata
642:Didymosphenia geminata
575:
499:
394:
348:Marine life portal
1489:Ecological Indicators
566:
494:
389:
307:Van Veen grab sampler
1923:10.1007/698_2014_310
570:Ostreobium quekettii
267:Deep sea communities
1831:2006MEPS..328..143L
1545:2017NatSR...7.4344Z
941:Nature Conservation
784:2001DSRI...48.2185A
707:10.1608/FRJ-4.1.448
573:lives inside corals
2063:10.1007/bf02804889
1840:10.3354/meps328143
1667:10.15560/11.4.1704
1533:Scientific Reports
695:Freshwater Reviews
576:
500:
395:
277:Intertidal ecology
252:Benthopelagic fish
173:
1974:978-1-4684-8615-5
1932:978-3-662-47738-0
1598:Microbial Ecology
1252:10.3390/d12120458
1000:978-0-12-369449-2
913:10.3390/w13131814
831:978-0-12-227430-5
778:(10): 2185–2194.
541:Bacillariophyceae
384:
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228:hydrothermal vent
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1762:The ISME Journal
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991:Rivers of Europe
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1868:Water Resources
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327:Marine sediment
302:Epibenthic sled
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2104:Photosynthesis
2101:
2099:Marine biology
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2057:(4): 540–551.
2037:
1985:
1973:
1943:
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1901:
1854:
1805:
1768:(1): 296–299.
1745:
1728:
1695:Water Research
1681:
1639:
1604:(4): 372–380.
1584:
1514:
1475:
1448:(1): 119–130.
1428:
1402:
1393:|journal=
1344:
1282:
1258:
1225:
1166:
1145:(4): 302–314.
1122:
1058:
1031:(4): 437–450.
1011:
999:
976:
927:
886:
865:(4): 283–301.
842:
830:
810:"Phytobenthos"
797:
753:
728:
701:(2): 135–166.
669:
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596:littoral zones
592:subtidal zones
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447:) (from Greek
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279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
223:
210:
209:
200:
188:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
93:
92:
91:
86:
81:
73:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
37:
36:
28:
27:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2121:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:(1): 92–102.
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:. 2003-02-01.
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Hydrobiologia
1439:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1385:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1100:11250/2629019
1096:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1002:
996:
992:
988:
980:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
928:
923:
919:
914:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
887:
882:
878:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:
847:
843:
833:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
802:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
762:
760:
758:
754:
743:
739:
732:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
671:
664:
658:
652:
647:
644:
643:
636:
631:
629:
625:
623:
614:
612:
608:
605:
599:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
572:
571:
565:
558:
556:
554:
550:
549:Chrysophyceae
546:
545:Cryptophyceae
542:
538:
537:Chlorophyceae
529:
527:
525:
524:
519:
518:
512:
508:
507:
497:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
473:cyanobacteria
470:
466:
456:
444:
399:
392:
388:
377:
372:
370:
365:
363:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
339:
338:
337:
336:
328:
325:
323:
322:Demersal zone
320:
318:
315:
313:
312:Bioirrigation
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
292:
291:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
272:Demersal fish
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:Bottom feeder
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
237:
236:
229:
221:
217:
206:
198:
194:
186:
182:
178:
164:
163:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
138:
137:
130:
129:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
101:
100:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
67:
66:
63:
56:
52:
51:Benthopelagic
48:
42:
39:
38:
30:
29:
26:
22:
18:
17:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2005:
2001:
1978:, retrieved
1956:
1946:
1936:, retrieved
1914:
1904:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1765:
1761:
1739:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1657:
1653:
1642:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1536:
1532:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1405:
1384:cite journal
1373:. Retrieved
1347:
1302:
1298:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1142:
1138:
1080:
1076:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1004:, retrieved
990:
979:
944:
940:
930:
906:(13): 1814.
903:
899:
889:
862:
858:
835:, retrieved
813:
775:
771:
745:. Retrieved
741:
731:
698:
694:
656:
640:
626:
621:
618:
609:
603:
600:
589:
585:Symbiodinium
584:
580:
577:
568:
533:
521:
515:
511:Synedra acus
510:
504:
501:
464:
454:
398:Phytobenthos
397:
396:
317:Bioturbation
247:Benthic fish
185:bivalve reef
152:hyperbenthos
118:phytobenthos
117:
89:microbenthos
79:macrobenthos
47:Benthic zone
25:Benthic life
1825:: 143–154.
1701:: 454–464.
1660:(4): 1704.
1539:(1): 4344.
1495:: 693–702.
1271:www.nps.gov
1245:(12): 458.
1139:Limnologica
1077:Limnologica
947:: 217–246.
859:Limnologica
622:D. geminata
481:macrophytes
469:autotrophic
240:Communities
142:endobenthos
133:By location
84:meiobenthos
2093:Categories
1980:2021-11-14
1938:2021-11-14
1654:Check List
1425:: 191–203.
1375:2021-11-14
1276:2021-11-14
1006:2021-11-14
837:2021-11-14
747:2021-11-13
665:References
604:Ostreobium
581:Ostreobium
553:Rhodophyta
523:Phormidium
506:Ostreobium
477:microalgae
197:coral reef
167:By habitat
147:epibenthos
113:zoobenthos
2109:Limnology
2071:0160-8347
2051:Estuaries
2024:0717-6317
2008:(1): 10.
1896:129729257
1888:0097-8078
1849:0171-8630
1782:1751-7370
1715:0043-1354
1676:1809-127X
1618:0095-3628
1561:2045-2322
1509:1470-160X
1462:0018-8158
1370:221823026
1321:1664-302X
1239:Diversity
1202:1664-302X
1161:0075-9511
1117:109717021
1109:0075-9511
1083:: 28–40.
1045:0967-0262
971:155161822
963:1314-3301
922:2073-4441
881:0075-9511
715:1755-084X
530:Diversity
520:spp. and
220:cold seep
177:tide pool
175:Shallow:
2079:84789607
2032:55554713
1800:27420029
1723:28787682
1634:26068207
1626:12375097
1579:28659582
1470:12877155
1339:28289404
1220:28289404
1053:84627104
723:89974491
559:Habitats
487:Overview
262:Deep sea
216:seamount
55:coupling
1827:Bibcode
1791:5315466
1570:5489527
1541:Bibcode
1330:5326797
1305:: 245.
1211:5326797
1186:: 245.
780:Bibcode
615:Ecology
496:Biofilm
465:benthos
295:Related
181:bay mud
104:By type
70:By size
41:Benthos
2077:
2069:
2030:
2022:
1971:
1929:
1894:
1886:
1847:
1798:
1788:
1780:
1721:
1713:
1674:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1577:
1567:
1559:
1507:
1468:
1460:
1368:
1337:
1327:
1319:
1218:
1208:
1200:
1159:
1115:
1107:
1051:
1043:
997:
969:
961:
920:
879:
828:
721:
713:
547:, and
517:Nostoc
479:, and
460:βένθος
455:phyton
214:Deep:
62:Seabed
2075:S2CID
2028:S2CID
1892:S2CID
1630:S2CID
1466:S2CID
1415:(PDF)
1366:S2CID
1113:S2CID
1049:S2CID
967:S2CID
900:Water
719:S2CID
450:φυτόν
2067:ISSN
2020:ISSN
1969:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1884:ISSN
1845:ISSN
1796:PMID
1778:ISSN
1719:PMID
1711:ISSN
1672:ISSN
1622:PMID
1614:ISSN
1575:PMID
1557:ISSN
1505:ISSN
1458:ISSN
1397:help
1335:PMID
1317:ISSN
1216:PMID
1198:ISSN
1157:ISSN
1105:ISSN
1041:ISSN
995:ISBN
959:ISSN
918:ISSN
877:ISSN
826:ISBN
711:ISSN
583:and
2059:doi
2010:doi
1961:doi
1919:doi
1876:doi
1835:doi
1823:328
1786:PMC
1770:doi
1703:doi
1699:124
1662:doi
1606:doi
1565:PMC
1549:doi
1497:doi
1450:doi
1446:561
1358:doi
1325:PMC
1307:doi
1247:doi
1206:PMC
1188:doi
1147:doi
1095:hdl
1085:doi
1033:doi
949:doi
908:doi
867:doi
818:doi
788:doi
703:doi
2095::
2073:.
2065:.
2055:25
2053:.
2049:.
2026:.
2018:.
2006:91
2004:.
2000:.
1988:^
1967:,
1955:,
1925:,
1913:,
1890:.
1882:.
1872:31
1870:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.