216:
Bernard had her strip and placed his hand upon her left breast, explaining that he was testing her heartbeat. "I cannot tell you how
Bernard got his control over me or how he gets it over other people. He is the most wonderful man in the world. No women seem able to resist him.... He had promised to marry me many times. But when he began the same thing with my little sister I decided I would expose the whole matter. If it had only been myself I wouldn't have done it for the whole world." Three months later, the charges were dropped.
1291:
204:, a gift from a disciple, in 1918. He eventually expanded to a chain of "tantric clinics" in cities such as Cleveland, Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York City. Bernard is widely credited as the first American to introduce the philosophy and practices of yoga and tantra to the American people. He also played a critical role in establishing a greatly exaggerated association of tantra with the use of sex for mystical purposes in the American mindset.
208:
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autonomy and sexuality. Historian of religion Robert C. Fuller has commented that
Bernard's "sexual teachings generated such scandal that he was eventually forced to discontinue his public promulgation of Tantrism. Yet by this time Bernard had succeeded in making lasting contributions to the history of American alternative spirituality." In his
152:. After several years of study, Bernard was supposedly able to put himself into a trance deep enough to withstand piercings by surgical needles without anesthesia. He gave a public demonstration of what he termed the "Kali mudra" (a simulated, so-called "death trance") in January 1898 to a group of physicians in
215:
In 1910, two teenage girls, Zella Hopp and
Gertrude Leo, feeling that he had taken too much psychic control over their lives, had him charged with kidnapping (alleging that Leo had been prevented three times from leaving the institute) and briefly imprisoned. Hopp reported that, for a pre-induction,
219:
He remained popular with upper-middle class women and the high society of New York throughout the 1920s and 30s. He married
Blanche de Vries, who taught yoga in New York into her eighties; combining yoga with "Eastern-inspired" sensual dance and contributing to a shift in attitudes about women's
156:. During the demonstration, Dr. D. McMillan inserted a surgical needle "slowly through one of Bernard's earlobes". Needles were also pushed through his cheek, upper lip, and nostril. On January 29, 1898, Bernard was featured on the front page of
302:
after they met in 1912 at
Bernard's Sanskrit College. Bernard adamantly opposed the match and Ora literally ran away from home to be with Inayat Khan, showing-up unannounced on his doorstep in London. She subsequently became the mother of
1724:
248:. Scholars from across the United States visited Bernard's library; it was said to have been the best Sanskrit collection in the country and to contain some 7000 volumes of philosophy,
233:
in yoga. Bernard was involved with more conventional businesses, including baseball stadiums, dog tracks, an airport, and became president of the State Bank of Pearl River in 1931.
200:); the New York Sanskrit College in 1910; and the Clarkstown Country Club (originally called the Braeburn Country Club), a seventy-two acre estate with a thirty-room mansion in
133:
Due to his practice of keeping his origins obscure, little is known for certain about his early life. He is reported to have been born Perry Arnold Baker or Peter Coon in
1983:
3039:
1815:
226:, the cultural historian Alistair Shearer acknowledges Bernard's importance but states that he gave yoga a bad reputation and called him a "roguey yogi".
2204:
999:
169:. In 1905, he founded the Bacchante Academy with Mortimer K. Hargis to teach hypnotism and "sexual practices." The organization declined because of the
2924:
875:
Religious leaders of
America: A Biographical Guide to Founders and Leaders of Religious Bodies, Churches, and Spiritual Groups in North America
495:
2816:
956:
912:
759:
740:
773:
3034:
2227:
882:
820:
1917:
714:
94:
2552:
832:"Yoga for the New Woman and the New Man: The Role of Pierre Bernard and Blanche DeVries in the Creation of Modern Postural Yoga"
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in the late 1880s, and they travelled together. Hamati taught
Bernard the body-control techniques of
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before founding the
Tantrik Order of America in 1905 or 1906 (variously reported as starting in
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717:. The International Association for the Preservation of Spiritualist and Occult Periodicals.
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1031:
949:
American Orient: Imagining the East from the
Colonial Era through the Twentieth Century
809:
774:"Remembering Ourselves: On Some Countercultural Echoes of Contemporary Tantric Studies"
935:
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144:
yogi known as
Sylvais Hamati, under whom Bernard studied for years. He met Hamati in
137:, 31 October 1875, the son of a barber. He also used the name Homer Stansbury Leeds.
77:
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399:. Syracuse NY USA: Syracuse Herald Journal/Associated Press. September 28, 1955
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1252:
936:"The Omnipotent Oom: Tantra and its Impact on Modern Western Esotericism"
792:
265:
245:
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166:
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283:, an American scholar of religion, explorer and famous practitioner of
189:
177:
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181:
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2182:
977:
271:
Bernard died on September 27, 1955 at French Hospital in New York.
1023:
752:
Spirituality in the Flesh: Bodily Sources of Religious Experiences
206:
2131:
304:
122:
2186:
981:
1179:
International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller
972:
541:
539:
537:
535:
125:, scholar, occultist, philosopher, mystic and businessman.
836:
Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation
211:
Pierre Bernard demonstrating the "Kali Mudra" death trance
448:
446:
444:
442:
904:
The Story of Yoga: From Ancient India to the Modern West
924:
Zen Pioneer: The Life & Works of Ruth Fuller Sasaki
429:
427:
425:
811:
The Great Oom: The Improbable Birth of Yoga in America
465:
463:
461:
374:
372:
319:(1917–2016) and Khair-un-Nisa (Claire) (1919–2011).
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894:
Fads, Follies, and Delusions of the American People
574:. The Star Press, Muncie Indiana via Newspapers.com
109:(October 31, 1875 – September 27, 1955) — known as
85:
66:
40:
21:
808:
236:Lecturers at the Clarkstown Country Club included
683:
140:Bernard was trained in yoga by an accomplished
2198:
993:
8:
344:Vira Sadhana: A Theory and Practice of Veda
2821:
2284:
2275:
2205:
2191:
2183:
2116:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
1302:
1019:
1000:
986:
978:
940:Esoterica: The Journal of Esoteric Studies
396:Pierre Bernard Dies; Mystic "Oom" of 1920s
389:
387:
29:
18:
847:
640:
557:
433:
363:
331:. Only one issue was published in 1906.
3040:People associated with physical culture
703:Historic Magazine and Notes and Queries
604:
496:"The Father of Tantra — Pierre Bernard"
378:
356:
592:
481:
452:
951:. University of Massachusetts Press.
663:"The Life and Works of Theos Bernard"
545:
518:New York Heritage Digital Collections
7:
2228:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
628:
616:
469:
346:(American Import Book Company, 1919)
337:International Journal: Tantrik Order
329:International Journal: Tantrik Order
176:Bernard claimed to have traveled to
1655:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
731:de Jong-Keesing, Elisabeth (1974).
570:Hughes, Alice (December 30, 1942).
173:, and their partnership dissolved.
16:Yoga and tantra teacher (1875–1955)
14:
1918:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
244:. One of Bernard's students was
2993:
2992:
1289:
652:Library of Pierre Arnold Bernard
1429:Yoga and cultural appropriation
715:"Journal of the Tantrick Order"
494:Lattin, Don (August 19, 2013).
520:. Empire State Library Network
311:(1916–2004), World War II spy
165:Bernard then took interest in
1:
171:1906 San Francisco earthquake
2305:Edward William Barton-Wright
907:. London: Hurst Publishers.
698:The Tantrik Order in America
121:— was a pioneering American
3035:American spiritual teachers
754:. Oxford University Press.
3066:
2253:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano
1417:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
901:Shearer, Alistair (2020).
873:Melton, J. Gordon (1999).
750:Fuller, Robert C. (2008).
735:. East-West Publications.
260:, and related material on
2987:
2172:Modern Yoginis (template)
1912:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
1834:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
1338:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
1287:
1205:International Day of Yoga
922:Stirling, Isabel (2006).
858:10.1525/rac.2013.23.1.101
849:10.1525/rac.2013.23.1.101
514:"Clarkstown Country Club"
500:Spirituality & Health
313:Noor-un-Nissa Inayat Khan
28:
2167:Yoga teachers (category)
2162:Yoga scholars (template)
1670:A History of Modern Yoga
830:Laycock, Joseph (2013).
733:Inayat Khan. A Biography
1958:Satchidananda Saraswati
1709:The Path of Modern Yoga
1388:Autobiography of a Yogi
781:Religions of South Asia
309:Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan
298:(Ameena Begum) married
90:Blanche DeVries Bernard
3050:American yoga teachers
3045:People from Leon, Iowa
2925:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao
1118:European Union of Yoga
327:Bernard published the
229:Bernard trained boxer
212:
2949:Battle of the Systems
2793:Warren Lincoln Travis
2558:Marie Bjelke Petersen
2365:Edith Margaret Garrud
2233:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
1874:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
1382:Paramahansa Yogananda
1162:Trauma-sensitive yoga
1113:British Wheel of Yoga
807:Love, Robert (2010).
665:. Columbia University
210:
119:"Oom the Magnificent"
107:Pierre Arnold Bernard
2910:Seetharaman Sundaram
2872:Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
2857:Jatindra Charan Guho
2753:Dudley Allen Sargent
2375:George Hackenschmidt
2238:Johann Baptist Krebs
2157:List of yoga schools
2028:Yoga the Iyengar Way
1932:Satyananda Saraswati
1927:Bihar School of Yoga
1663:Yoga in Modern India
1572:Lilias, Yoga and You
1375:Seetharaman Sundaram
947:Weir, David (2011).
793:10.1558/rosa.v1i1.11
686:, pp. 106, 119.
684:de Jong-Keesing 1974
572:"A Woman's New York"
115:"The Omnipotent Oom"
3030:American occultists
2410:Jørgen Peter Müller
1984:Himalayan Institute
1846:T. K. V. Desikachar
1821:Swami Kuvalayananda
1635:Selvarajan Yesudian
896:. Crown Publishers.
892:Sann, Paul (1967).
695:Anonymous. (1908).
607:, pp. 141–150.
548:, pp. 218–259.
317:Hidayat Inayat Khan
238:Ruth Fuller Everett
2852:Ambika Charan Guha
2768:Genevieve Stebbins
2445:Clara Schlaffhorst
2090:Beryl Bender Birch
2041:c. 1975
1872:c. 1948
1861:Srivatsa Ramaswami
1798:The Yoga Institute
1768:Breath of the Gods
1353:Genevieve Stebbins
1123:André Van Lysebeth
770:Kripal, Jeffrey J.
213:
194:Tacoma, Washington
159:The New York Times
45:Perry Arnold Baker
3007:
3006:
2964:Muscular religion
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2811:
2810:
2763:Amos Alonzo Stagg
2698:Bernarr Macfadden
2663:Annette Kellerman
2608:Keene Fitzpatrick
2513:Marguerite Agniel
2492:Emily Diana Watts
2460:Lionel Strongfort
2360:Gustav Frištenský
2335:Launceston Elliot
2325:François Delsarte
2180:
2179:
2152:Asanas (template)
2147:Post-lineage yoga
1777:
1776:
1733:The Story of Yoga
1486:Frank Jude Boccio
1343:Marguerite Agniel
1313:Early modern yoga
1285:
1284:
958:978-1-55849-879-2
914:978-1-78738-192-6
877:. Gale Research.
761:978-0-19-536917-5
742:978-0-7189-0243-8
455:, pp. 11–28.
418:Tantra in America
242:Leopold Stokowski
223:The Story of Yoga
146:Lincoln, Nebraska
104:
103:
70:27 September 1955
3057:
2996:
2995:
2969:Yoga as exercise
2822:
2773:Alois P. Swoboda
2683:Diocletian Lewis
2658:George F. Jowett
2603:Carrica Le Favre
2593:Ludwig Durlacher
2583:C. Ward Crampton
2455:Mary Bagot Stack
2390:F. A. Hornibrook
2385:Oscar Heidenstam
2330:Edmond Desbonnet
2285:
2276:
2248:Franz Nachtegall
2243:Pehr Henrik Ling
2214:Physical culture
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2015:B. K. S. Iyengar
2002:Bikram Choudhury
1879:K. Pattabhi Jois
1866:Vanda Scaravelli
1678:Positioning Yoga
1530:Paddleboard Yoga
1360:Physical culture
1348:Mary Bagot Stack
1303:
1293:
1200:Competitive yoga
1168:Restorative Yoga
1150:Yoga using props
1102:Teacher training
1052:Meditation seats
1020:
1009:Yoga as exercise
1002:
995:
988:
979:
962:
943:
927:
918:
897:
888:
869:
851:
826:
814:
803:
801:
795:. Archived from
778:
765:
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712:
706:
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687:
681:
675:
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659:
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510:
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456:
450:
437:
431:
420:
415:
409:
408:
406:
404:
391:
382:
376:
367:
361:
294:His half-sister
289:Tibetan Buddhism
279:He was uncle of
198:Portland, Oregon
100:
97:
73:
54:
52:
33:
19:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2983:
2974:Natural hygiene
2954:Fitness culture
2929:
2900:Krishnamacharya
2886:
2837:Ramesh Balsekar
2807:
2708:William Muldoon
2678:W. R. C. Latson
2598:George Eiferman
2563:William Blaikie
2528:Sanford Bennett
2501:
2355:Bob Fitzsimmons
2310:Zishe Breitbart
2300:William Bankier
2267:
2216:
2211:
2181:
2176:
2120:
1785:
1773:
1738:
1725:Yoga in Britain
1693:The Subtle Body
1641:
1564:Yoga for Health
1545:
1511:Phillip Moffitt
1460:
1412:Science of yoga
1395:
1294:
1281:
1234:
1209:
1188:
1156:Accessible yoga
1136:
1096:
1071:Accompaniments
1037:Standing asanas
1011:
1006:
969:
959:
946:
930:
926:. Counterpoint.
921:
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202:Nyack, New York
131:
111:"The Great Oom"
92:
81:
80:, United States
75:
71:
62:
61:, United States
56:
55:31 October 1875
50:
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47:
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36:
35:Bernard in 1939
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2842:The Great Gama
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2800:
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2755:
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2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Harry Paschall
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:Artie McGovern
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Siegmund Klein
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2633:Joe Greenstein
2630:
2625:
2623:John B. Gagnon
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Edwin Checkley
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:George Brosius
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Pierre Bernard
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
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2500:
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2425:William Pullum
2422:
2417:
2415:Hartvig Nissen
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:Georges Hébert
2377:
2372:
2370:Hermann Görner
2367:
2362:
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2255:
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2212:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2178:
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2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2072:Jivamukti Yoga
2068:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1980:
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1973:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1922:
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1914:
1907:Sivananda Yoga
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1894:Kino MacGregor
1891:
1886:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1840:Yoga Makaranda
1836:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:Hansa Yogendra
1805:
1793:
1791:
1779:
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1775:
1774:
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1771:
1763:
1755:
1746:
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1696:
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1673:
1666:
1658:
1649:
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1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:Rachel Brathen
1615:
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1600:
1595:
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1589:
1588:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1567:
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1543:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:Jon Kabat-Zinn
1498:
1493:
1488:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1434:In advertising
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1422:Matthew Remski
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1333:Pierre Bernard
1330:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
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1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1090:Hasta Vinyasas
1087:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:Sun Salutation
1054:
1049:
1047:Lotus position
1044:
1039:
1034:
1032:List of asanas
1028:
1026:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
982:
976:
975:
973:Omnipotent Oom
968:
967:External links
965:
964:
963:
957:
944:
932:Urban, Hugh B.
928:
919:
913:
898:
889:
884:978-0810388789
883:
870:
842:(1): 101–136.
827:
822:978-0670021758
821:
804:
802:on 2019-04-17.
766:
760:
747:
741:
726:
723:
720:
719:
707:
688:
676:
654:
645:
633:
631:, p. 289.
621:
619:, p. 186.
609:
597:
595:, p. 125.
585:
562:
550:
531:
505:
486:
474:
472:, p. 252.
457:
438:
421:
410:
383:
368:
355:
354:
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349:
348:
347:
341:
324:
321:
276:
273:
130:
127:
102:
101:
87:
83:
82:
76:
74:(aged 79)
68:
64:
63:
57:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
23:Pierre Bernard
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3062:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
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3023:
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3018:
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2940:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Shri Yogendra
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Kuvalayananda
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
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2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
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2855:
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2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Ralph Parcaut
2711:
2709:
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2701:
2699:
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2676:
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2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Roy Hilligenn
2646:
2644:
2643:Milo Hastings
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Vince Gironda
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Jack Delinger
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Drexel Biddle
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Clarence Bass
2521:
2519:
2518:Charles Atlas
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2497:Freddie Welsh
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:Ronald Walker
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
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2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
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2418:
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2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
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2401:
2398:
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2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Eileen Fowler
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Bert Assirati
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:Thomas Topham
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:Sharon Gannon
2075:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:Dharma Mittra
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2021:Light on Yoga
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:Integral Yoga
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:Larry Schultz
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
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1882:
1880:
1877:
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1875:
1871:
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1854:
1852:
1849:
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1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:Kaivalyadhama
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Shri Yogendra
1801:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:Enlighten Up!
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1717:Roots of Yoga
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
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1679:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1648:
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1636:
1632:
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1625:
1621:
1620:
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1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
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1587:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:Geeta Iyengar
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
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1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
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1402:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:Hugger Mugger
1261:
1259:
1258:Angela Farmer
1256:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1222:Asana Journal
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1130:Yoga Alliance
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1003:
998:
996:
991:
989:
984:
983:
980:
974:
971:
970:
966:
960:
954:
950:
945:
942:(3): 218–259.
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
916:
910:
906:
905:
899:
895:
890:
886:
880:
876:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
824:
818:
813:
812:
805:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:
771:
767:
763:
757:
753:
748:
744:
738:
734:
729:
728:
724:
716:
711:
708:
704:
700:
699:
692:
689:
685:
680:
677:
664:
658:
655:
649:
646:
642:
641:Stirling 2006
637:
634:
630:
625:
622:
618:
613:
610:
606:
601:
598:
594:
589:
586:
573:
566:
563:
560:, p. 76.
559:
558:Stirling 2006
554:
551:
547:
542:
540:
538:
536:
532:
519:
515:
509:
506:
501:
497:
490:
487:
484:, p. 52.
483:
478:
475:
471:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
434:Stirling 2006
430:
428:
426:
422:
419:
414:
411:
398:
397:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
364:Stirling 2006
360:
357:
350:
345:
342:
339:
338:
334:
333:
332:
330:
322:
320:
318:
315:(1914–1944),
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
296:Ora Ray Baker
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:Theos Bernard
274:
272:
269:
267:
263:
259:
256:, education,
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
227:
225:
224:
217:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:San Francisco
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
163:
161:
160:
155:
154:San Francisco
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
98:
91:
88:
84:
79:
78:New York City
69:
65:
60:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2991:
2882:Monotosh Roy
2862:Guru Hanuman
2832:Manohar Aich
2825:Bodybuilding
2778:Armand Tanny
2748:Tony Sansone
2733:Steve Reeves
2673:Jack LaLanne
2573:Alan Calvert
2532:
2440:Arthur Saxon
2435:Eugen Sandow
2345:Juan Ferrero
2258:Adolf Spiess
2103:Anusara Yoga
2066:Forrest Yoga
2058:Sarah Powers
2053:Paul Grilley
2026:
2019:
2010:Iyengar Yoga
1976:Stephen Cope
1966:Kripalu Yoga
1916:
1884:Mysore style
1838:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1701:Selling Yoga
1699:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1630:Switzerland
1586:Lyn Marshall
1570:
1562:
1496:Janice Gates
1491:Anne Cushman
1481:Mindful Yoga
1456:Yoga tourism
1439:For children
1386:
1332:
1323:
1229:Yoga Journal
1227:
1220:
1184:Janice Gates
1042:Downward dog
948:
939:
923:
903:
893:
874:
839:
835:
810:
797:the original
787:(1): 11–28.
784:
780:
751:
732:
710:
702:
697:
691:
679:
667:. Retrieved
657:
648:
643:, p. 8.
636:
624:
612:
605:Shearer 2020
600:
588:
576:. Retrieved
565:
553:
522:. Retrieved
517:
508:
499:
489:
477:
436:, p. 7.
413:
401:. Retrieved
395:
379:Laycock 2013
366:, p. 6.
359:
343:
336:
328:
326:
323:Publications
293:
278:
270:
235:
228:
221:
218:
214:
175:
164:
157:
139:
132:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:
72:(1955-09-27)
3025:1955 deaths
3020:1875 births
2877:Chandgi Ram
2847:B. C. Ghosh
2788:John Terpak
2758:Larry Scott
2743:Joe Rollino
2653:Bob Hoffman
2638:John Grimek
2613:Mark Forest
2475:Monte Saldo
2430:Joan Rhodes
2395:Thomas Inch
2340:Tony Emmott
2320:Victor Dane
2221:Antecedents
2142:Modern yoga
2108:John Friend
2048:Paulie Zink
1997:Bikram Yoga
1971:Amrit Desai
1940:Ananda Yoga
1851:A. G. Mohan
1536:Aerial yoga
1365:B. C. Ghosh
1318:Vivekananda
669:6 September
593:Fuller 2008
482:Melton 1999
453:Kripal 2007
300:Inayat Khan
258:metaphysics
93: [
3014:Categories
2959:Gymnastics
2867:K. V. Iyer
2798:Al Treloar
2738:Leo Robert
2728:Bill Pearl
2718:Kid Parker
2688:Gilman Low
2568:Paul Bragg
2543:Joe Bonomo
2538:Mark Berry
2405:Dan McLeod
2315:Niels Bukh
2137:Hatha yoga
2114:2006
2101:1997
2095:Bryan Kest
2085:Power Yoga
2083:1995
2070:1984
2064:1982
2035:1975
2008:1975
1995:1973
1989:Swami Rama
1982:1971
1964:1966
1951:1966
1945:Kriyananda
1938:1965
1925:1963
1905:1959
1889:Tim Miller
1856:Indra Devi
1827:1934
1814:1924
1796:1918
1765:2012
1757:2009
1749:2006
1730:2020
1722:2019
1714:2017
1706:2016
1698:2015
1683:2010
1675:2005
1660:2004
1652:1996
1550:By country
1534:2014
1528:2013
1517:2003
1479:1990
1475:Naked yoga
1473:1938
1370:K. V. Iyer
1322:1896
1270:Yoga pants
1248:Yoga brick
1174:Yoga nidra
1172:2008
1166:2007
1160:2002
1154:1979
1109:Standards
815:. Viking.
546:Urban 2001
351:References
285:Hatha Yoga
262:physiology
254:psychology
150:hatha yoga
135:Leon, Iowa
59:Leon, Iowa
51:1875-10-31
2783:Vic Tanny
2693:Dan Lurie
2506:New World
2465:Maxalding
2400:John Lees
1686:Yoga Body
1541:Beer yoga
1506:Cyndi Lee
1444:For women
1325:Raja Yoga
1275:Lululemon
1080:Pranayama
1062:Tree pose
866:146680587
629:Love 2010
617:Sann 1967
470:Weir 2011
167:hypnotism
129:Biography
2998:Category
2420:Reg Park
2288:European
2043:Yin Yoga
1829:Viniyoga
1519:Acroyoga
1407:Hot yoga
1253:Yoga mat
1214:Journals
934:(2001).
772:(2007).
705:26: 163.
578:3 August
524:3 August
403:3 August
307:teacher
266:medicine
246:Ida Rolf
231:Lou Nova
96:Wikidata
2979:Pilates
2942:Related
2803:Turners
2618:Ed Fury
2482:Vulcana
2280:Western
2272:Systems
2125:Related
1783:Schools
1598:Germany
1580:Britain
1557:America
1466:Hybrids
1400:Aspects
1299:History
1142:Therapy
1085:Vinyāsa
1075:Drishti
1067:Warrior
725:Sources
190:Seattle
178:Kashmir
142:Tantric
2920:Tiruka
2817:Indian
2470:Maxick
1618:Sweden
1613:Russia
1593:France
1193:Events
1024:Asanas
1016:Topics
955:
911:
881:
864:
856:
819:
758:
739:
340:1 (5).
275:Family
250:ethics
182:Bengal
86:Spouse
2892:Yogic
2450:Sokol
1788:Gurus
1743:Films
1646:Books
1633:1941
1622:2015
1608:Italy
1603:India
1584:1976
1569:1970
1561:1961
1306:Early
1240:Props
862:S2CID
854:JSTOR
800:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
196:, or
99:]
2132:Yoga
1752:Guru
1524:Doga
953:ISBN
909:ISBN
879:ISBN
817:ISBN
756:ISBN
737:ISBN
671:2020
580:2024
526:2024
405:2024
305:Sufi
287:and
264:and
240:and
180:and
123:yogi
117:and
67:Died
41:Born
844:doi
789:doi
291:.
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860:.
852:.
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