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journals, newspapers and books outside France on the international market. Germans bought and imitated them after the events of 1689 without the slightest feeling of national disloyalty. The new French authors propagated the very Europe which had come to
Germany's assistance. The Great Alliance against France was produced and supported by the French press of the Netherlands. Marteau was the publisher of the Great Alliance and the new modern Europe fighting France, the hegemonic power striving for a "universal monarchy" over all its neighbours. The Marteau label became fashionable, and German publishers adopted it: it flourished, with translations of French Marteau books and with original German titles now appearing under the labels of Marteau, his Widow, his Son, and a growing line of virtual family members continuing the business.
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Marteau books appeared in the 1660s and were immediately identified as not actually being published by a man named Pierre
Marteau residing in Cologne. The name would have been that of a Frenchman who had opened his shop outside France yet close to the French border. Cologne's geographical location
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as the man who invented the imprint. It was, at first, just one among many openly misleading imprints. Unlike the usual obvious pseudonyms like "Jacques le
Sincere", the name "Pierre Marteau" sounded real. The detail which gave away his virtuality remained on the reader's side — he would identify
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openly sympathised with the reformed branch of
Protestantism to which France's Huguenots belonged. Germany was a choice with disadvantages. Cologne, however, was of all the options Germany granted the worst, which was to become apparent at the beginning of the 18th century when most of Germany's
204:. Numerous publishers began to sell books under the label. Remarkably, the uncoordinated joint venture was nonetheless able to produce a distinct publisher's identity. Only certain books attracted the imprint: French yet anti-French political satire, pirated editions, sexually explicit titles.
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In the 1680s things changed. All of a sudden, one could be a German patriot and openly embrace French culture — if only one stressed the fact that France's intellectuals were by now mostly critical of their own country's political repression and ambition. French dissidents published political
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smelled of political freedom — Marteau would avoid France's censorship by publishing outside France; Cologne promised access to the
European market and the chance to get a good deal of the production smuggled back into France where it would sell on the black market for ten times the price.
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from the 17th century onward, contemporaries were well-aware that such a publishing house never actually existed. Instead, the imprint was a fiction under which publishers and printers — in the
Netherlands, France and Germany — evaded the open identification with books they published.
385:. The old publishing house's modern web-presence at pierre-marteau.com remains a virtual enterprise led by historians of the 18th century who use the label as a well established brand name to publish texts of the period 1650-1750 and research dealing with that period.
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in 1714 and had to survive a phase of political turmoil in 1715 and 1716 — covered by
Marteau with all the old anti-French political bias: France promoted the Stuart Pretender in his fight against the newly established German King. The Great Alliance gave way to the
397:"Histoire de Pierre du Marteau imprimeur à Cologne (17-18. siècles), suivie d'une notice d'un livre intitulé: : "Histoire des amours du Grand Alcandre en laquelle sous des noms empruntez, se lisent les advantures amoureuses d'un grand Prince der derni"
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appeared under the imprint. The mixing of fact and fiction, information and entertainment, intellectual theft and scandal — the only possible answer to the censorship laws flourishing all over Europe — marked the
Marteau production between 1660 and 1721.
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A third phase of the
Marteau production began after the European decades of 1689-1721 with the nationalistic turn of the 1720s and 1730s. Marteau's German production became pro-German and potentially anti-French, finding its peaks in the years of the
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of 1718-1720 in which
Austria, France, Great Britain, and the United Provinces joined their forces to resolve the next European conflict. The fate of Europe remained on the political agenda until 1721, with the other half of Europe fighting the
274:, which favored France's aspirations even though France had nearly lost the recent war. German intellectuals were unhappy with Europe, yet they still had to trust in Europe and to promote the European idea if
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The first Marteau books were French and most certainly printed in Amsterdam by publishers who would not risk to tell their names even in the Netherlands. Research has hinted at Amsterdam publisher
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would refer to the outline of a union of European states at the end of the century in his famous treatise on a permanent world peace). Politics could hardly be separated from entertainment.
236:, William was particularly keen to move both the Netherlands and his newly acquired Britain into an anti-French alliance on Germany's behalf — Louis XIV had just attacked the
343:(Cologne: Pierre Marteau, 1707) were extremely influential — the book mixed fact and fiction, sections of newspaper history with personal adventures of its hero, a virtual
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The peaks of the German Marteau production coincide with the political events Marteau covered. The beginning of the Great Alliance in 1689, its renewal on the eve of the
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Cologne as the likely and yet unlikely place to go. "Hammer" made the joke a little bit more explicit: this man had courage and he was as real and as bold as a hammer.
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Unlike other pseudonyms which appeared on only one title page, Marteau was to have a career that could be made only by a good joke and a complete lack of
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published her political gossip under the ubiquitous label. The secrets of the diplomats negotiating at Utrecht were a bestseller. Political novels like
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Satirical novels written by students in Halle, Leipzig and Jena claimed to be printed in Cologne. A pirated edition of the first German translation of
232:, who had led the Dutch resistance against France in the 1670s, became William III of England, Scotland and Wales. Whilst France protected the deposed
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appeared at one of Marteau's rivals in Cologne: Jacques le Pacifique published their first volume in 1712 (
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141:
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367:
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138:
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titles first assumed the curious imprint. 1689 became a landmark year, the year of the
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half of them Catholic, which all together hardly ever united under the rule of the
23:"Cologne, by Pierre Marteau's remaining Heirs", A German Marteau imprint of 1718.
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The 20th and 21st centuries saw only very few new Marteau publications, with the
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304:'s future power had begun in 1700 and involved northern and eastern Europe from
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Die deutschsprachige Verlagsproduktion von Pierre Marteau/ Peter Hammer, Köln
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harboured sectarians and clandestine bookshops) and the university cities
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Europe turned out to be unreliable. English Tory politicians crafted the
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offered freedoms to critical intellectuals, yet only a few states like
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was to continue his aspirations to the English throne. He crossed the
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Historical Profile of the German Marteau production, books per year
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German Marteau books and the European decades between 1689 and 1721
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A second branch of Marteau books developed in the late 1680s when
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Political books dominated Marteau's production. The peculiar
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which had brought a Dutch regent onto the English throne.
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Open pseudonym and political joke, spreading in the 1660s
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Marteaus Europa oder Der Roman, bevor er Literatur wurde
438:, images from there with permission of the Author).
329:Memoires pour rendre la paix perpetuelle en Europe
263:victory in London 1709/10 and the succeeding
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83:French publishers, political dissidents and
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353:The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
95:and they would soon open new shops at
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430:(Amsterdam/ Atlanta: Rodopi, 2001)
412:(Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1971).
67:Probably the first Marteau-title:
16:Imprint of French publishing house
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244:began —, the first phase of the
395:Janmart de Brouillant; Léonce.
185:-ruled countries — Cologne and
347:in the services of Louis XIV.
337:Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer
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265:peace negotiations at Utrecht
257:War of the Spanish Succession
179:War of the Spanish Succession
319:Entertainment and politics:
202:intellectual property rights
462:Works published anonymously
399:. Europeana. Archived from
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91:had opened their shops in
381:Peter Hammer Verlag in
69:L'Histoire de Henry III
45:. Allegedly located in
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173:against France in the
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296:. The conflict about
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415:Karl Klaus Walther:
341:La Guerre d'Espagne
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135:Lutheran Protestant
119:protected Europe's
452:Literary forgeries
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294:Great Northern War
289:Quadruple Alliance
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419:(Leipzig, 1983),
368:French Revolution
321:La France Galante
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183:Wittelsbach
121:Protestants
117:Switzerland
446:Categories
407:2013-10-03
389:Literature
345:James Bond
238:Palatinate
181:. The two
75:The first
37:) was the
383:Wuppertal
306:Stockholm
101:Rotterdam
97:The Hague
93:Amsterdam
89:Louis XIV
85:Huguenots
370:and the
278:'s King
194:Elzevier
379:leftist
323:(1696).
300:'s and
284:Channel
276:Hanover
187:Bavaria
177:of the
158:Leipzig
146:Hamburg
142:Emperor
131:Germany
123:of the
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54:History
47:Cologne
39:imprint
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302:Russia
298:Sweden
280:George
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105:Geneva
34:Hammer
32:Peter
154:Halle
432:ISBN
261:Tory
162:Jena
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