999:, which then concentrated power in the Ngô family, who were dedicated Roman Catholics in a Buddhist majority country. Power was enforced through secret police and the imprisonment and torture of political and religious opponents. The Ngôs' policies and conduct inflamed religious tensions. The government was biased towards Catholics in public service and military promotions, as well as the allocation of land, business favors and tax concessions. Thục, the most powerful religious leader in the country, was allowed to solicit "voluntary contributions to the Church" from Saigon businessmen, which was likened to "tax notices". Thục also used his position to acquire farms, businesses, urban real estate, rental property and rubber plantations for the Catholic Church. He also used
80:
401:
698:
1053:. American journalists, who supported American intervention in Vietnam and opposed Diem for opposing it, blamed the military and even Archbishop Thuc for the deaths, Later, the Ngôs' forces entered the Buddhist pagodas across the country. The synchronized military operations, the speed at which banners were erected declaring the ARVN resolve to defeat communism, and doctored propaganda photos purporting to show Viet Cong infiltration of the Buddhists suggested that the actions were long premeditated. In an attempt to maintain secrecy, special printing presses had produced propaganda materials only hours before the raids.
1044:, when the government cited a regulation prohibiting the display of non-government flags at Thục's request. A few days earlier, Catholics were encouraged to fly flags to celebrate Thục's 25th anniversary as bishop, but were ordered by Diem's government to fly Vietnamese flags as more important. Government funds were used to pay for Thục's anniversary celebrations, and the residents of Huế—a Buddhist stronghold—were also forced to contribute. These perceived double standards led to a Buddhist protest against the government. Buddhist leader
389:
3409:
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1666:. "Then a priest came to me, one I had met before in Ecône, Switzerland. He told me outright: 'Excellency, the Holy Virgin sends me in order for me to send you to central Spain immediately to render her a service. My car is ready for you at the parsonage's door and we will depart immediately depart in order to be there for Christmas.'"
1239:
Thục began to be increasingly sought out by the expatriate and refugee
Vietnamese community, including old friends and contacts from Huế and Saigon. They facilitated his extraction from sedevacantism and Thục returned to the jurisdiction of the Catholic Church definitively in 1984. He later came to
978:
in Rome with his brother's help, and then settled in the US as a guest of the
Maryknoll Fathers. Spellman helped Diệm to garner support among right-wing and Catholic circles. Thục was widely seen as more genial, loquacious, and diplomatic than his brother, and it was acknowledged that Thục would be
1222:
former missionary priest who later became a sedevacantist bishop. Vezelis was consecrated a bishop by the
American sedevacantist Bishop George J. Musey (consecrated in 1982 by Carmona) and by co-consecrators Carmona and Zamora (the two Mexican sedevacantist bishops Thục consecrated on 17 October
1048:
proclaimed a five-point "manifesto of the monks" that demanded freedom to fly the
Buddhist flag, religious equality between Buddhists and Catholics, compensation for the victims' families, an end to arbitrary arrests, and punishment of the officials responsible. The protest was ended when nine
969:
in the early 1950s, Vietnamese anti-communists were a sought-after commodity in the United States. Diệm and Thục were given a reception at the State
Department with the Acting Secretary of State James Webb, where Thục did much of the talking. Diệm and Thục also forged links with Cardinal
1376:, 4 April 1955; accessed 27 March 2008. "For the best part of two years (1951–53) he made his home at the Maryknoll Junior Seminary in Lakewood, N.J.. often going down to Washington to buttonhole State Department men and Congressmen and urge them not to support French colonialism."
958:, an American academic consultant for the U.S. government. Fishel was a proponent of the anti-colonial, anti-communist third force doctrine in Asia and was impressed by Diệm. He helped the brothers organise contacts and meetings in the United States to enlist support.
1198:
His newly consecrated bishops did not form a united structure and organization, but became a fragmented group, many limiting themselves essentially to sacramental ministry and only consecrated a few other bishops for various sedevacantist priests or groups.
1139:(later the Palmarian Catholic Church), and on 11 January 1976, consecrated Dominguez and four others as bishops. When news of the illcit consecrations became public, Thục, Domínguez and all other consecrated Bishops were excommunicated by
938:
created the
Apostolic Vicariate of Vĩnh Long in Vietnam, and personally chose Thục (then aged 41) to be it its first Vicar Apostolic. On 4 May of the same year, with his family in attendance, Thục was consecrated a bishop by Archbishop
1060:
together with Nhu on 2 November 1963. Ngô Đình Cẩn was sentenced to death and executed in 1964. Of the six brothers, only Thục and Luyện survived the political upheavals in
Vietnam. Luyện, the youngest, was serving as
979:
highly influential in the future regime. As French power in
Vietnam declined, Diệm's support in America, which Thục helped to nurture, made his stock rise. Emperor Bảo Đại made Diệm the Prime Minister of the
1080:
According to Thục, the
Americans forced the South Vietnamese government to refuse him permission to return, and that Paul VI used this inability to return to force him to resign and appoint Bishop
943:, Apostolic Delegate to Indochina, and co-consecrators Bishop Isidore-Marie-Joseph Dumortier, M.E.P., Vicar Apostolic of Saigon, and Bishop Dominique Maria Hồ Ngọc Cẩn, Vicar Apostolic of Bùi Chu.
2597:
800:, who was president of South Vietnam. Thục was unable to return to Vietnam and lived the rest of his life exiled in Italy, France, and the United States. During his exile, he was involved with
3875:
1146:
After Domínguez proclaimed himself Pope with the name of "Gregory XVII", Thục distanced himself from the
Palmarian sect, apologized for his actions and reconciled with the Catholic Church.
907:
in An Ninh. He spent eight years there before going on to study philosophy at the major seminary in Huế. Following his ordination as a priest on 20 December 1925, he was selected to study
3512:
1263:
and later reburied in Park Cemetery in Carthage, Missouri along with other priests and members of the Congregation of the Mother of the Redeemer as well as several refugee priests.
1057:
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2339:
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After the closing of the Second Vatican Council, none of the relevant governments – American, Vietnamese or the Vatican – consented to Thục returning to Vietnam.
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3297:
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Thục died reconciled with the Church on 11 July 1984 and died on 13 December of the same year, at the age of 87. He was buried in the Resurrection Cemetery in
3915:
1143:. Thục stated that he had gone to Palmar de Troya on the spur of the moment, though contemporary sources show him to have been a regular visitor since 1968.
1641:. "ut he used the situation that I could not return to my diocese in Hué, to force me into abdication and appoint his favourite, Mgr. Dién, in my place."
1069:. Because of the coup, Thục remained in Rome during the Council years (1962–65). He was among the bishops who were against the statements of the council.
79:
3940:
3229:
1188:
1750:
3518:
3460:
974:, the most politically influential cleric of his time, and Spellman became one of Diệm's most powerful advocates. Diệm then managed an audience with
3910:
2332:
1241:
2625:
1210:; and it behooves me, as bishop, to do all that is needed so that the Roman Catholic Church will endure in its mission for the salvation of souls.
3508:
3483:
1027:
1019:
1349:
2919:
2581:
1443:
1408:
1367:
1108:
770:
197:
758:
3038:
2607:
2271:
2199:
1936:
697:
115:
71:
1081:
581:
556:
105:
2297:
1154:
647:
3925:
2615:
2325:
1493:
1165:, and an advisor to Pope Pius XII. On 17 October, Thục consecrated the two Mexican sedevacantist priests and former seminary professors
3890:
3413:
2914:
2566:
2551:
2398:
2308:
3157:
2546:
2247:
2223:
2149:
2121:
2102:
2083:
2061:
2039:
2015:
1993:
1974:
1955:
1914:
388:
3659:
3391:
3333:
3264:
2983:
2884:
2695:
2443:
2289:
1187:
In response to his episcopal consecrations for the sedevacantists in Toulon in 1981 and to his declaration of sedevacantism, the
1128:
992:
946:
In 1950 Diệm and Thục applied for permission to travel to Rome for the Holy Year celebrations at the Vatican but went instead to
601:
1107:, Switzerland, Father Maurice Revaz, former Chancellor of the Swiss Diocese of Sion and professor of canon law in Ecône at the
1000:
916:
357:
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3905:
2894:
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2561:
546:
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230:
153:
3579:
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3353:
2813:
167:
3534:
3453:
3116:
2760:
2533:
2478:
3870:
3782:
3762:
3684:
3188:
2978:
2823:
2675:
1272:
892:
3767:
3549:
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2640:
2571:
2465:
1136:
924:
571:
3091:
3772:
3503:
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1023:
869:
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3930:
3384:
3276:
3152:
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2944:
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2348:
1948:
America's miracle man in Vietnam: Ngo Dinh Diem, religion, race, and U.S. intervention in Southeast Asia, 1950–1957
793:
621:
872:
were arrested for having collaborated with the Japanese. Diệm was released, but Khôi was subsequently shot by the
3787:
3747:
3634:
3238:
3215:
3162:
2538:
885:
842:
805:
705:
327:
3488:
2501:
861:
3839:
3498:
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2237:
560:
536:
171:
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3055:
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2879:
2422:
1112:
951:
801:
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591:
3268:
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1924:
1066:
889:
789:
3619:
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846:
298:
149:
3674:
3644:
2770:
1045:
881:
3732:
3717:
3694:
3609:
1814:
1767:"Misericordias Domini in æternum cantabo": Autobiography by Mgr. Ngô Đình Thục, written ca. 1978–1980.
1663:
1638:
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2414:
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813:
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1403:
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3183:
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2407:
1253:
1224:
1120:
928:
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753:
850:
3818:
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3121:
2715:
2472:
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1245:
1162:
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480:
345:
284:
248:
2233:
1681:
The Smoke of Satan: Conservative and Traditionalist Dissent in Contemporary American Catholicism
3689:
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3629:
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2267:
2243:
2219:
2195:
2145:
2117:
2098:
2079:
2057:
2035:
2011:
1989:
1970:
1951:
1932:
1910:
1166:
1132:
877:
717:
657:
370:
59:
1679:
927:; this is not substantiated by the university's archives however. He briefly lectured at the
3813:
3737:
3614:
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2963:
2685:
2187:
2159:
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1228:
1150:
980:
971:
834:
785:
271:
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854:
17:
3624:
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3305:
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3076:
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2665:
2524:
2427:
2374:
2293:
2175:
2025:
1845:
1497:
1412:
1372:
1158:
1007:
940:
729:
476:
244:
31:
1891:
780:
He was a member of the Ngô family who ruled South Vietnam in the years leading up to the
3808:
3260:
3111:
3106:
3086:
3009:
3004:
2803:
2798:
2780:
2745:
2735:
2710:
2670:
2630:
2209:
2071:
2003:
1986:
Death of a Generation: how the assassinations of Diem and JFK prolonged the Vietnam War
1967:
Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963
1354:
1169:
and Adolfo Zamora as bishops. Carmona and Zamora were among the priests who formed the
1041:
1032:
In May 1963, in the central city of Huế, Buddhists were prohibited from displaying the
904:
838:
317:
203:
2313:, 1982; includes photographic documentation on many of Archbishop Thục's consecrations
1302:
3854:
3712:
3639:
3594:
3343:
3101:
3023:
2700:
2164:
2139:
2029:
1215:
1207:
1033:
996:
975:
955:
868:'s administration. At the end of World War Two, both Khôi and Thục's younger brother
804:
movements and consecrated a number of bishops without the Vatican's approval for the
766:
762:
611:
1840:
3823:
3803:
3096:
3071:
2392:
2257:
2239:
Le Soufre et l'Encens: enquête sur les eglises parallèles et les évêques dissidents
1902:
1782:
1695:
Corona Spinarum - A Biography and defense of Archbishop Pierre-Martin Ngo-Dinh-Thuc
1140:
935:
2213:
1180:
Sunday, he publicly proclaimed this declaration during a Pontifical High Mass in
44:. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the
2775:
2720:
2506:
1249:
1104:
1100:
966:
781:
777:
but is believed to have reconciled with the Holy See before his death in 1984.
182:
3422:
3317:
3664:
3135:
2620:
2049:
1861:
1219:
1062:
962:
920:
712:
352:
337:
45:
2317:
880:
of 1945 (and not buried alive as is sometimes stated). Thục's brothers Diệm,
3539:
3048:
1050:
912:
873:
1628:. "he Americans forced the South Vietnamese into refusing my return visa."
1206:
in so far as I am a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, I judge that the
983:
because he thought Diệm's connections would secure foreign financial aid.
2645:
2114:
Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social and Military History
1049:
civilians were killed because of a bomb, said to have been placed by the
908:
774:
341:
1223:
1981). Thục collaborated with Vezelis in the operation of a seminary in
995:
organised by Nhu and declared himself President of the newly proclaimed
931:
and gained teaching qualifications before returning to Vietnam in 1927.
830:
267:
35:
2303:
1862:"HT80.1 Thăm anh em đã về Nhà Cha tại Đất Mẹ CRM, Carthage, MO 9/2021"
1252:
celebration there, which continually brings together thousands of the
1303:"Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngô Ðình Thục [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
864:, served as a governor and mandarin of the French-controlled Emperor
207:
2192:
The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam during the Kennedy Era
40:
3207:
2582:
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Still River, Massachusetts)
1715:
M.L. Guérard des Lauriers, Dimensions de la Foi, Paris: Cerf, 1952.
3438:
1116:
1037:
947:
2095:
The Lotus Unleashed: The Buddhist Peace Movement in South Vietnam
1893:
Vietnam: History, Documents, and Opinions on a Major World Crisis
2920:
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire)
1088:
3442:
3211:
2321:
1006:
On 24 November 1960, Thục was appointed Archbishop of Huế by
788:. While Thục was in Rome attending the second session of the
530:
Bishops consecrated by Ngô Đình Thục as principal consecrator
2598:
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
1350:"University Project Cloaked C.I.A. Role In Saigon, 1955–59"
1003:
personnel to work on his timber and construction projects.
2283:
The Last Confucian: Vietnam, South-East Asia, and the West
1123:
wanted him to render her a service. On 1 January 1976, in
1095:
Consecrations of bishops and declaration of sedevacantism
2304:
Declaration of sedevacantism of Archbishop Ngô Đình Thục
1218:
at the invitation of Bishop Louis Vezelis, an American
841:
family as the second of the six surviving sons born to
1065:
in London, and Thục had been summoned to Rome for the
2141:
Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia
812:
and sedevacantist groups claim to have derived their
1929:
Sede Vacante: The Life and Legacy of Archbishop Thuc
1602:
Gary L. Ward, Bertil Persson, and Alain Bain, eds.,
3832:
3796:
3703:
3558:
3527:
3476:
3376:
3325:
3245:
3171:
3145:
3134:
3064:
3031:
3022:
2992:
2971:
2962:
2932:
2872:
2865:
2854:
2845:
2789:
2654:
2606:
2590:
2532:
2519:
2489:
2436:
2370:
Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council
2362:
2355:
1785:(photographs of Thục with Vezelis and seminarians).
735:
725:
704:
682:
666:
656:
646:
638:
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
580:
570:
555:
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528:
521:
505:
487:
472:
465:
457:
442:
435:
428:
411:
395:
383:
363:
351:
333:
323:
313:
305:
291:
278:
260:
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237:
222:
217:
189:
178:
163:
145:
137:
129:
121:
111:
101:
89:
57:
3876:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Vietnam
3298:Cathedral-Basilica of Our Crowned Mother of Palmar
2163:
1890:
1084:, one of Paul VI's favorites, as his replacement.
1950:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.
911:in Rome, and is often said to have earned three
796:overthrew and assassinated his younger brother,
1604:Independent Bishops: An International Directory
1336:
1334:
1204:
2194:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
1969:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
1491:SNIE 53-2-63, "The Situation in South Vietnam"
1115:(SSPX), came to Thục and invited him to go to
757:) (6 October 1897 – 13 December 1984) was the
3454:
3223:
2557:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
2380:List of communities using the Tridentine Mass
2333:
2056:. New York City: Cambridge University Press.
1907:A Death in November: America in Vietnam, 1963
829:Ngô Đình Thục was born on 6 October 1897, in
8:
3901:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
2054:Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965
1208:Chair of the Roman Catholic Church is vacant
808:and Sedevacantist movements. Today, various
1931:. Berkeley, California: Apocryphile Press.
1723:
1721:
1131:— who claimed to have repeatedly witnessed
991:In October 1955, Diệm deposed Bảo Đại in a
954:to enlist support to seize power. They met
368:
295:Park Cemetery, Carthage, Missouri (present)
3896:Participants in the Second Vatican Council
3461:
3447:
3439:
3306:The Sacred History or Holy Palmarian Bible
3230:
3216:
3208:
3142:
3028:
2968:
2869:
2862:
2851:
2658:
2529:
2359:
2340:
2326:
2318:
1988:. New York City: Oxford University Press.
1897:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.
1757:, English Edition, 18 April 1983, Page 12.
1745:
1743:
1189:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
679:
518:
425:
399:
387:
78:
54:
3886:Academic staff of the University of Paris
3519:Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
1405:The 1966 Buddhist Crisis in South Vietnam
857:during the French occupation of Vietnam.
3158:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
2296: (archived March 5, 2008) by Bishop
1674:
1672:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1242:Congregation of the Mother Co-Redemptrix
1040:celebrations commemorating the birth of
2626:Latin Mass Society of England and Wales
2218:. New York City: Simon & Schuster.
2116:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
1662:Most Rev. Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục.
1658:
1656:
1637:Most Rev. Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục.
1624:Most Rev. Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục.
1598:
1596:
1283:
1248:and later celebrated a Mass during the
2873:Operating with partial papal faculties
2761:Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis
1860:THÂN HỮU ĐỒNG CÔNG (16 October 2021).
1444:"South Viet Nam: The Religious Crisis"
1133:apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1109:International Seminary of Saint Pius X
408:
3936:Vietnamese Roman Catholic archbishops
3039:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
2290:In Memoriam: Archbishop Ngô Đình Thục
2034:. New York City: Methuen Publishing.
1256:community for worship and community.
752:
7:
2547:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
1149:On 7 May 1981, Thục consecrated the
1014:Buddhist unrest and downfall of Diệm
3916:Vietnamese traditionalist Catholics
2766:Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
2616:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem
3494:Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức
2915:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
2567:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
2552:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer
228:by Eugène-Marie-Joseph Allys
25:
3941:Vietnamese Roman Catholic bishops
3509:1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
2298:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
1815:"The last years of Ngô Đình Thục"
1770:Einsicht – röm.-kath. Zeitschrift
1155:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
1028:1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
648:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
183:Titular Archbishop of Bulla Regia
3421:
3408:
3407:
3316:
2984:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
2266:. New York City: Vintage Books.
2097:. University Press of Kentucky.
2031:Vietnam:The Ten Thousand Day War
2010:. New York City: Penguin Books.
1157:as a bishop. Des Lauriers was a
1135:— and others as priests for the
903:At age twelve, Thục entered the
893:François Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận
696:
3911:Traditionalist Catholic bishops
2215:Our Vietnam: the war, 1954–1975
1909:. New York City: E. P. Dutton.
1693:Rev. Terence R. Fulham I.H.M.,
1214:In 1983, Thục departed for the
1001:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
917:Pontifical Gregorian University
899:Priesthood and early episcopacy
895:(1928–2002) was Thục's nephew.
493:Isidore-Marie-Joseph Dumortier
358:Pontifical Gregorian University
136:
128:
3484:Huế Phật Đản (Vesak) shootings
2577:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
2562:Institute of the Good Shepherd
2285:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
1813:Hoang, Tuan (22 August 2017).
1450:. 14 June 1963. Archived from
1:
3385:Leandro María de la Santa Faz
2093:Topmiller, Robert J. (2006).
1889:Gettleman, Marvin E. (1966).
1173:(Tridentine Catholic Union).
1161:theologian, an expert on the
1103:priest Thục formerly knew in
3189:Rogelio del Rosario Martinez
3056:Society of Saint Pius V
2979:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
2880:Society of Saint Pius X
2824:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais
2190:; Singal, Daniel J. (2008).
1273:Roman Catholicism in Vietnam
2885:Affiliated religious orders
2641:Tradition, Family, Property
2572:Servants of the Holy Family
2466:Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
2166:Vietnam: A Dragon Embattled
2112:Tucker, Spencer C. (2000).
1839:Donovan, Ned (2018-08-30).
1737:. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
1137:Carmelites of the Holy Face
888:, were politically active.
746:Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục
501:Dominique Maria Hồ Ngọc Cẩn
95:Phêrô Máctinô Ngô Đình Thục
18:Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục
3957:
3926:Vietnamese anti-communists
3277:Traditionalist Catholicism
3153:Palmarian Christian Church
3044:Most Holy Family Monastery
2349:Traditionalist Catholicism
1424:Gettleman, pp. 275–76, 366
1307:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
1129:Clemente Domínguez y Gómez
1017:
794:1963 South Vietnamese coup
602:Clemente Domínguez y Gómez
448:Eugène-Marie-Joseph Allys
282:13 December 1984 (aged 87)
29:
3891:Palmarian Catholic Church
3545:Krulak–Mendenhall mission
3401:
3314:
3163:Apostles of Infinite Love
2905:
2676:Louis-Marie de Blignières
2661:
1472:Tucker, pp. 49, 291, 293.
961:With the outbreak of the
750:Vietnamese pronunciation:
695:
537:Simon Hòa Nguyễn Văn Hiền
517:
424:
77:
70:
3840:Persecution of Buddhists
3499:Double Seven Day scuffle
2636:Notre-Dame de Chrétienté
2450:Pascendi Dominici gregis
2138:Borthwick, Mark (1998).
1684:, JHU Press, 1999,p. 99.
1235:Reconciliation and death
1202:In 1982, Thuc declared:
1082:Philippe Nguyễn Kim Điền
1056:Diệm was overthrown and
582:Antoine Nguyễn Văn Thiện
557:Philippe Nguyễn Kim Điền
168:Philippe Nguyên-Kim-Diên
93:
3550:McNamara–Taylor mission
3117:Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga
2945:Antônio de Castro Mayer
2423:Liturgical use of Latin
1163:dogma of the Assumption
1127:, Spain, Thục ordained
1113:Society of Saint Pius X
802:Traditionalist Catholic
784:and was the founder of
297:Resurrection Cemetery,
3428:Catholicism portal
3269:Second Vatican Council
2497:Second Vatican Council
2399:Pontifical Commission
2281:Warner, Denis (1964).
2078:. St. Martin's Press.
1984:Jones, Howard (2003).
1783:"Bishop Ngo Dinh-Thuc"
1664:Autobiography (Part 4)
1639:Autobiography (Part 4)
1626:Autobiography (Part 4)
1212:
1111:of the traditionalist
1087:He began his exile in
1067:Second Vatican Council
1020:Huế Phật Đản shootings
860:Thục's elder brother,
790:Second Vatican Council
572:Michel Nguyễn Khắc Ngư
467:Episcopal consecration
369:
3906:Former Sedevacantists
3620:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
3092:Martín Dávila Gandara
2910:Fraternité Notre-Dame
2814:Ginés Jesús Hernández
2386:Quattuor abhinc annos
2182:. Praeger Publishers.
2170:. Praeger Publishers.
2076:Where the Domino Fell
1965:Jacobs, Seth (2006).
1946:Jacobs, Seth (2004).
1841:"Archbishop of chaos"
1454:on September 30, 2007
1368:"The Beleaguered Man"
1261:Springfield, Missouri
1171:Unión Católica Trento
993:fraudulent referendum
825:Early life and family
592:Joseph Trãn Vãn Thiên
473:Principal consecrator
414:Ordination history of
299:Springfield, Missouri
150:Jean-Baptiste Urrutia
3489:Hue chemical attacks
3000:Guérard des Lauriers
2809:Alfonso de Galarreta
2792:but later reconciled
2756:Alexander Tschugguel
2751:Athanasius Schneider
2706:Maria-Anna Galitzine
2428:Mass of Paul VI
2415:Traditionis custodes
2263:A Bright Shining Lie
1781:Franciscan Fathers.
1755:L’Osservatore Romano
986:
814:apostolic succession
810:Independent Catholic
754:[ŋoɗîŋ̟tʰùk]
547:Paul Nguyễn Văn Bình
523:Episcopal succession
379:(Chiến sĩ Chúa Kitô)
158:(as Vicar Apostolic)
3590:W. Averell Harriman
3504:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
3184:Lucian Pulvermacher
2890:Canonical situation
2859:of papal legitimacy
2857:public renunciation
2855:Independent, but no
2691:Charles A. Coulombe
2502:Écône consecrations
2408:Summorum Pontificum
1572:Hammer, pp. 114–16.
1254:Vietnamese American
1191:again declared him
1121:Blessed Virgin Mary
1024:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
997:Republic of Vietnam
934:On 8 January 1938,
853:who served Emperor
763:Republic of Vietnam
437:Priestly ordination
377:(Soldier of Christ)
196:Vicar Apostolic of
84:Bishop Thục in 1938
3819:Marguerite Higgins
3291:Thục consecrations
3284:Our Lady of Palmar
3122:Francis Schuckardt
2950:Richard Williamson
2771:Carlo Maria Viganò
2716:Peter Joseph Jugis
2473:Dignitatis humanae
2457:Syllabus of Errors
2144:. Westview Press.
2008:Vietnam: A History
1803:Jarvis, p. 121-123
1794:Jarvis, p. 120-121
1678:Cuneo, Michael W.
1496:2017-11-09 at the
1411:2008-03-04 at the
1246:Carthage, Missouri
1184:Church in Munich.
1125:El Palmar de Troya
1119:, saying that the
1073:Beginning of exile
346:Catholic canon law
285:Carthage, Missouri
3931:Vietnamese exiles
3921:Thục line bishops
3848:
3847:
3690:William Trueheart
3680:Maxwell D. Taylor
3670:Frederick Nolting
3660:Nguyễn Đình Thuận
3630:Joseph Mendenhall
3585:Michael Forrestal
3436:
3435:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3130:
3129:
3018:
3017:
2958:
2957:
2928:
2927:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2741:Roberto de Mattei
2726:Philippe Laguérie
2681:Raymond Leo Burke
2515:
2514:
2273:978-0-679-72414-8
2201:978-0-7425-6007-9
2188:Halberstam, David
2180:The Two Viet-Nams
2160:Buttinger, Joseph
1938:978-1-949643-02-2
1615:Jarvis, pp. 72-73
1563:Moyar, pp. 212–13
1433:Moyar, pp. 215–16
1394:Jacobs, pp. 25–34
1385:Jarvis, pp. 41-42
1319:Jarvis, pp. 39-40
1231:, United States.
965:and the onset of
878:August Revolution
837:, to an affluent
759:Archbishop of Huế
743:
742:
718:The Most Reverend
678:
677:
674:
673:
513:
512:
407:
406:
159:
72:Archbishop of Huế
60:The Most Reverend
27:Archbishop of Huế
16:(Redirected from
3948:
3814:David Halberstam
3783:Trần Thiện Khiêm
3763:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
3758:Nguyễn Văn Nhung
3615:Victor H. Krulak
3610:Thich Tinh Khiet
3535:Joint Communiqué
3463:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3394:
3387:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3339:
3336:
3320:
3309:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3256:
3239:Palmarian Church
3232:
3225:
3218:
3209:
3143:
3029:
2969:
2964:Sedeprivationist
2870:
2863:
2852:
2659:
2530:
2360:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2319:
2309:PDF Document of
2286:
2277:
2253:
2242:. Claire Vigne.
2229:
2205:
2183:
2176:Fall, Bernard B.
2171:
2169:
2155:
2127:
2108:
2089:
2067:
2045:
2026:Maclear, Michael
2021:
1999:
1980:
1961:
1942:
1920:
1903:Hammer, Ellen J.
1898:
1896:
1877:
1876:
1874:
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1365:
1359:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1299:
1195:excommunicated.
1151:sedeprivationist
981:State of Vietnam
972:Francis Spellman
950:to lobby Prince
923:, theology, and
835:French Indochina
786:Dalat University
756:
751:
700:
690:
685:
680:
631:Michael Donnelly
563:
551:30 November 1955
541:30 November 1955
524:
519:
498:
490:
483:
461:20 December 1925
453:
445:
431:
426:
419:
415:
409:
403:
391:
374:
272:French Indochina
256:Personal details
251:
233:
226:20 December 1925
190:Previous post(s)
174:
157:
156:
141:17 February 1968
125:24 November 1960
82:
55:
21:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3871:People from Huế
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3828:
3792:
3705:
3699:
3685:Trần Văn Chương
3675:Thích Trí Quang
3655:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
3625:Robert McNamara
3605:John F. Kennedy
3600:Thich Thien Hoa
3580:Thích Quảng Đức
3562:
3560:
3554:
3523:
3472:
3470:Buddhist crisis
3467:
3437:
3432:
3420:
3405:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3372:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3259:
3254:Catholic Church
3252:
3241:
3236:
3206:
3193:
3179:Joseph Odermatt
3167:
3137:
3126:
3077:Daniel Q. Brown
3060:
3014:
2988:
2954:
2940:Marcel Lefebvre
2924:
2901:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2833:
2791:
2785:
2731:Taylor Marshall
2666:Mother Angelica
2650:
2602:
2586:
2537:
2525:Catholic Church
2523:
2521:
2511:
2485:
2432:
2375:Tridentine Mass
2351:
2346:
2294:Wayback Machine
2280:
2274:
2256:
2250:
2232:
2226:
2210:Langguth, A. J.
2208:
2202:
2186:
2174:
2158:
2152:
2137:
2134:
2132:Further reading
2124:
2111:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2072:Olson, James S.
2070:
2064:
2048:
2042:
2024:
2018:
2004:Karnow, Stanley
2002:
1996:
1983:
1977:
1964:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1923:
1917:
1901:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1859:
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1854:
1846:Catholic Herald
1838:
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1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:Topmiller, p. 2
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1498:Wayback Machine
1489:
1485:
1481:Maclear, p. 63.
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1413:Wayback Machine
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1362:
1358:, 14 April 1966
1348:
1344:
1339:
1332:
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1323:
1318:
1314:
1301:
1300:
1285:
1281:
1269:
1237:
1097:
1075:
1046:Thích Trí Quang
1030:
1018:Main articles:
1016:
1008:Pope John XXIII
989:
941:Antonin Drapier
901:
876:as part of the
827:
822:
769:bishop who was
749:
739:Your Excellency
736:Religious style
730:Your Excellency
706:Reference style
688:
686:
683:
670:17 October 1981
662:17 October 1981
642:11 January 1976
639:Francis Sandler
634:11 January 1976
626:11 January 1976
616:11 January 1976
606:11 January 1976
596:22 January 1961
586:22 January 1961
576:22 January 1961
566:22 January 1961
559:
531:
522:
500:
494:
489:Co-consecrators
488:
479:
477:Antonin Drapier
468:
449:
443:
438:
429:
420:
417:
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378:
376:
296:
283:
274:
265:
247:
245:Antonin Drapier
242:
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170:
152:
97:
85:
66:
63:
62:
53:
32:Vietnamese name
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
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3843:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Malcolm Browne
3806:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Trần Kim Tuyến
3775:
3770:
3768:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Dương Văn Minh
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
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3402:
3399:
3398:
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3380:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3367:(2016–present)
3360:
3350:
3340:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3261:Great Apostasy
3257:
3249:
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3242:
3237:
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3234:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3203:
3202:
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3175:
3173:
3169:
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3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3140:
3138:or Mysticalist
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:Mark Pivarunas
3109:
3107:Clarence Kelly
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Anthony Cekada
3084:
3082:Moisés Carmona
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3010:Donald Sanborn
3007:
3005:Robert McKenna
3002:
2996:
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2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:Licínio Rangel
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Bernard Fellay
2801:
2799:Leonard Feeney
2795:
2793:
2790:Excommunicated
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2781:John Zuhlsdorf
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Chad Ripperger
2743:
2738:
2736:Malachi Martin
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:Wilhelm Imkamp
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Michael Davies
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Paul Aulagnier
2668:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Militia Templi
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
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2569:
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2527:
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2440:
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2411:
2404:
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2377:
2366:
2364:
2357:
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2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2301:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2254:
2248:
2230:
2224:
2206:
2200:
2184:
2172:
2156:
2150:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2109:
2103:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2022:
2016:
2000:
1994:
1981:
1975:
1962:
1956:
1943:
1937:
1925:Jarvis, Edward
1921:
1915:
1899:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1852:
1831:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1774:
1759:
1751:"Notification"
1739:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1686:
1668:
1652:
1643:
1630:
1617:
1608:
1592:
1590:Jones, p. 305.
1583:
1581:Jones, p. 300.
1574:
1565:
1556:
1554:Karnow, p. 295
1547:
1545:Jones, p. 143.
1538:
1529:
1520:
1518:Jacobs, p. 89.
1511:
1509:Tucker, p. 291
1502:
1500:, 10 July 1963
1483:
1474:
1465:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1360:
1355:New York Times
1342:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1240:stay with the
1236:
1233:
1167:Moisés Carmona
1096:
1093:
1074:
1071:
1042:Gautama Buddha
1015:
1012:
988:
985:
905:minor seminary
900:
897:
851:Nguyễn dynasty
839:Roman Catholic
826:
823:
821:
818:
771:excommunicated
765:, and later a
741:
740:
737:
733:
732:
727:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
713:His Excellency
708:
702:
701:
693:
692:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
664:
663:
660:
658:Moisés Carmona
654:
653:
650:
644:
643:
640:
636:
635:
632:
628:
627:
624:
622:Camilo Estévez
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
588:
587:
584:
578:
577:
574:
568:
567:
564:
553:
552:
549:
543:
542:
539:
533:
532:
529:
526:
525:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
503:
502:
491:
485:
484:
474:
470:
469:
466:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
446:
440:
439:
436:
433:
432:
422:
421:
412:
405:
404:
397:
393:
392:
385:
381:
380:
365:
361:
360:
355:
349:
348:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
318:Roman Catholic
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
293:
289:
288:
280:
276:
275:
266:
264:6 October 1897
262:
258:
257:
253:
252:
239:
235:
234:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
212:
211:
204:Titular Bishop
201:
193:
191:
187:
186:
180:
176:
175:
165:
161:
160:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
91:
87:
86:
83:
75:
74:
68:
67:
64:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3953:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Tôn Thất Đính
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3748:Nguyễn Hữu Có
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:Lê Quang Tung
3736:
3734:
3733:Huỳnh Văn Cao
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Lucien Conein
3711:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Ngô Đình Thục
3648:
3646:
3645:Ngô Đình Nhu
3643:
3641:
3640:Ngô Đình Diệm
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Roger Hilsman
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Bui Van Luong
3568:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3354:Gregory XVIII
3351:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Hutton Gibson
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Sedevacantist
3021:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2830:
2829:Ngô Đình Thục
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Gommar DePauw
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Gérard Calvet
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:Jurisdictions
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2258:Sheehan, Neil
2255:
2251:
2249:9782841930210
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2234:Luz, Frédéric
2231:
2227:
2225:0-684-81202-9
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2151:0-8133-3471-3
2147:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2123:1-57607-040-9
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2104:0-8131-2260-0
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2085:0-312-08431-5
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2063:0-521-86911-0
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2041:0-423-00580-4
2037:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2017:0-670-84218-4
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1995:0-19-505286-2
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1976:0-7425-4447-8
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1957:0-8223-3440-2
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1916:0-525-24210-4
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1706:Jarvis, p. 83
1703:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1650:Jarvis, p. 73
1647:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1527:Olson, p. 98.
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1340:Jarvis, p. 27
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:Jarvis, p. 40
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:United States
1211:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1182:Sankt Michael
1179:
1176:On 21 March,
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Buddhist flag
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
984:
982:
977:
976:Pope Pius XII
973:
968:
964:
959:
957:
956:Wesley Fishel
953:
949:
944:
942:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
898:
896:
894:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
824:
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Ngô Đình Diệm
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
773:twice by the
772:
768:
767:sedevacantist
764:
760:
755:
747:
738:
734:
731:
728:
724:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
707:
703:
699:
694:
691:
689:Ngô Đình Thục
681:
669:
667:Adolfo Zamora
665:
661:
659:
655:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
623:
619:
615:
613:
612:Manuel Corral
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
573:
569:
565:
562:
558:
554:
550:
548:
544:
540:
538:
534:
527:
520:
516:
508:
504:
497:
492:
486:
482:
478:
475:
471:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
441:
434:
427:
423:
418:Ngô Đình Thục
410:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
373:
372:
371:Miles Christi
366:
362:
359:
356:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
319:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
294:
290:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
263:
259:
254:
250:
246:
240:
236:
232:
225:
221:
216:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
194:
192:
188:
184:
181:
179:Other post(s)
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
133:12 April 1961
132:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
81:
76:
73:
69:
65:Ngô Đình Thục
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3824:Neil Sheehan
3804:Peter Arnett
3788:Trần Văn Đôn
3753:Nguyễn Khánh
3649:
3635:Ngô Đình Cẩn
3559:Political or
3412:
3334:Gregory XVII
3304:
3290:
3097:Daniel Dolan
3072:Oswald Baker
2828:
2608:Associations
2471:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2413:
2406:
2401:Ecclesia Dei
2400:
2393:Ecclesia Dei
2391:
2384:
2310:
2282:
2261:
2238:
2214:
2191:
2179:
2165:
2140:
2113:
2094:
2075:
2053:
2030:
2007:
1985:
1966:
1947:
1928:
1906:
1892:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1844:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1818:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1735:(April 1998)
1733:Sondernummer
1732:
1727:
1711:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1680:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1611:
1603:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1415:, HistoryNet
1404:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1371:
1363:
1353:
1345:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1258:
1238:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1148:
1145:
1141:Pope Paul VI
1098:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1058:assassinated
1055:
1031:
1005:
990:
960:
945:
936:Pope Pius XI
933:
902:
859:
843:Ngô Đình Khả
828:
779:
745:
744:
726:Spoken style
687:
396:Coat of arms
367:
328:Ngô Đình Khả
314:Denomination
238:Consecration
94:
49:
39:
3866:1984 deaths
3861:1897 births
3797:Journalists
3392:Michael Cox
3357:(2011–2016)
3347:(2005–2011)
3337:(1978–2005)
2846:Independent
2776:Gilles Wach
2721:Blaise Kurz
2507:Siri thesis
2050:Moyar, Mark
1819:tuannyriver
1250:Marian Days
987:Diệm's rule
967:McCarthyism
816:from Thục.
782:Vietnam War
444:Ordained by
306:Nationality
210:(1938–1960)
200:(1938–1960)
185:(1968–1984)
146:Predecessor
90:Native name
3881:Ngo family
3855:Categories
3743:Lê Văn Kim
3718:Đỗ Cao Trí
3695:Vũ Văn Mẫu
3665:Madame Nhu
3136:Conclavist
2621:Juventutem
2534:Institutes
2522:within the
1871:26 January
1279:References
1220:Franciscan
1193:ipso facto
1063:ambassador
963:Korean War
921:philosophy
913:doctorates
855:Thành Thái
652:7 May 1981
509:4 May 1938
353:Alma mater
338:Philosophy
309:Vietnamese
301:(formerly)
241:4 May 1938
223:Ordination
138:Term ended
46:given name
3561:religious
3540:Cable 243
3364:Peter III
3265:Modernism
3049:Feeneyism
2895:Faculties
2848:movements
2539:societies
2520:Movements
2479:Ecumenism
2444:Modernism
1749:Vatican.
1225:Rochester
1159:Dominican
1051:Viet Cong
925:Canon law
915:from the
874:Việt Minh
820:Biography
806:Palmarian
684:Styles of
384:Signature
334:Education
198:Vĩnh Long
164:Successor
130:Installed
122:Appointed
3704:Military
3513:reaction
3414:Category
3377:See also
3344:Peter II
2646:Una Voce
2437:Doctrine
2311:Einsicht
2260:(1989).
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2178:(1963).
2162:(1967).
2074:(1996).
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2028:(1981).
2006:(1997).
1927:(2018).
1905:(1987).
1772:: Munich
1728:Einsicht
1494:Archived
1409:Archived
1267:See also
1229:New York
952:Cường Để
929:Sorbonne
909:theology
890:Cardinal
847:mandarin
775:Holy See
342:Theology
243:by
102:Province
30:In this
3833:Related
3706:figures
3575:Bửu Hội
3563:figures
3246:History
2363:Liturgy
2292:at the
1883:Sources
1866:YouTube
1178:Laetare
1153:priest
1036:during
866:Bảo Đại
849:of the
430:History
324:Parents
208:Saesina
36:surname
3723:Đỗ Mậu
3528:Policy
3477:Events
3406:
3267:&
3172:People
3146:Groups
3065:People
3032:Groups
2993:People
2972:Groups
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2866:Groups
2655:People
2490:Events
2356:Issues
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1824:6 June
1458:22 May
1026:, and
792:, the
292:Buried
287:, U.S.
218:Orders
34:, the
3326:Popes
1753:. In
1117:Spain
1105:Écône
1101:Swiss
1038:Vesak
948:Japan
364:Motto
2268:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2080:ISBN
2058:ISBN
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2012:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1952:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1873:2024
1826:2024
1460:2010
1448:Time
1373:Time
1089:Rome
884:and
870:Diệm
862:Khôi
845:, a
506:Date
458:Date
279:Died
261:Born
50:Thục
2536:and
1244:in
919:in
886:Cẩn
882:Nhu
831:Huế
561:PFI
496:MEP
451:MEP
268:Huế
231:MEP
206:of
172:PFI
154:MEP
116:Huế
112:See
106:Huế
41:Ngô
38:is
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