337:, who seemed to maintain that he had discovered "laws" of history that proved how civilisations rise and fall. Geyl often debated Toynbee both on the radio and in print. He accused Toynbee of selective use of evidence to support pre-conceived notions and of ignoring evidence that did not support his thesis. In addition, Geyl considered Toynbee's theory to be simplistic, ignoring the full complexity of the past; he regarded Toynbee's theory of "challenge and response" to explain historical change as too loose and a catch-all definition. Finally, Geyl was opposed to Toynbee's apparent claim that Western civilisation was in terminal decline.
27:
422:
can be a definitive account for all ages because every age has a different view of the past. For Geyl the best that historians could do was to critically examine their beliefs and urge their readers to do likewise. Geyl felt that history was a progress of "argument without end", but did not feel that this meant that an "anything goes" interpretation of history was acceptable.
352:(better known as the Dutch Revolt in the English-speaking world) against Spain in the 16th century. Geyl argued that the revolt failed in the south not because of political, cultural or religious differences, but only because the geography in the north with its lakes, bogs and rivers favoured the rebels and the geography in the south with its flat plains favoured the
421:
adventurer who brought death and destruction to France or as a patriotic
Frenchman who brought glory and prosperity. Geyl used his book to advance his view that all historians are influenced by the present when writing history and thus all historical writing is transitory. In Geyl's view, there never
375:
Geyl's work has been criticised for not taking into account the unifying force of administrative and economic developments after the separation and for sometimes drawing artificial boundaries based on language alone; on the other hand, it has been praised for its refreshing approach to the Dutch
223:
in 1913. His thesis was on
Christofforo Suriano, the Venetian Ambassador in the Netherlands from 1616 to 1623. He was married twice, first to Maria Cornelia van Slooten in 1911 (who died in 1933) and secondly to Garberlina Kremer in 1934.
95:
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273:. It was due to be published in June 1940, but after the German occupation in May 1940, the publishers declined to publish Geyl's article out of the fear that comparisons could be made between Napoleon and
307:
In 1945 Geyl became the chair of history at the
University of Utrecht. In his opening address, he called for his students to disprove political and cultural myths that could lead to movements like
417:
was an account of how French historians of different ages and views have regarded the French emperor. From
Napoleon's time to the present, French historians have presented Napoleon as either a
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376:
Revolt, which was in marked opposition to the then-current nationally oriented, almost finalistic view on Dutch and
Belgian history as represented by P.J. Blok and
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was the inevitable result of the way German history developed. In particular, Geyl defended the German historian
52:
676:
Eendracht als opdracht. Lieuwe van
Aitzema's bijdrage aan het publieke debat in de zeventiende-eeuwse Republiek
301:
289:
took Geyl hostage in retaliation for what the
Germans alleged to be maltreatment of Germans interned in the
340:
Geyl was noted for challenging the then-popular theory that the historical separation of the Dutch and the
536:
Can We Know the
Pattern of the Past? Discussion between P. Geyl and A. Toynbee concerning Toynbee's Book '
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395:(a group of Amsterdam burgers) against the ruling elite to seize power for himself in 1748. Another
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652:(The Hague 1981), 331–347, esp. 333: "Een irredenta-politiek heeft hij echter altijd afgewezen."
553:
543:
448:
Christofforo
Suriano: resident van de Serenissime Republiek van Venetië in Den Haag, 1616–1623
387:
and the Dutch people were often in conflict, especially during the 18th century. Geyl accused
364:(1930–1959, unfinished). In accordance with his historical ideas, Geyl actively supported the
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203:) was a Dutch historian, well known for his studies in early modern Dutch history and in
357:
250:, where he taught until 1935. In 1935, Geyl returned home to become a professor at the
204:
356:. Had it not been for the accident of geography, Flanders would have been part of the
300:. Even after his release from Buchenwald, Geyl continued to be held by the Germans at
277:. In September 1940, Geyl used his article for the basis of series of lectures at the
261:; he resigned in 1936. In 1946 he joined the Academy again, this time as full member.
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claim made by Geyl was that the marriage of
William of Orange (later stadtholder
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369:
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The Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century, Pt. I: 1609-1648; Pt.II: 1648-1715
294:
661:
P. van Hees, "Pieter Geyl (1887–1966)", in P.A.M. Geurts and A.E.M. Janssen,
648:
P. van Hees, "Pieter Geyl (1887–1966)", in P.A.M. Geurts and A.E.M. Janssen,
232:
Geyl worked as a teacher at Stedelijk Gymnasium Schiedam (grammar school) in
313:
216:
196:
118:
494:, Macmillan, 1964. The Trevelyan Lectures 1963, with 4 additional essays.
360:. Geyl expressed his ideas in a series of articles and in his main work,
341:
270:
233:
726:
Rowen, Herbert H. "The Historical Work of Pieter Geyl" pages 35–49 from
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newspaper. During this time, Geyl befriended many influential people in
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140:
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236:(1912–1913) before going on to serve as the London correspondent for
348:" history and that the Dutch and Flemings separated only during the
304:
until he was finally released for medical reasons in February 1944.
735:
De toga van Fruin: denken over geschiedenis in Nederland sinds 1860
526:, New Haven, CT; Yale University Press, 1948; revised edition 1964.
691:
Bark, W. "Review of 'Encounters in History'"" pages 107–123 from
344:
was a result of "natural" causes. Geyl claimed that there was a "
246:. In 1919 Geyl took up a professorship in Dutch history at the
20:
786:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
723:, Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1967.
707:
Clio's Mirror: Historiography in Britain and the Netherlands
698:
Boogman, J.C. "Pieter Geyl (1887–1966)" pages 269–277 from
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Geschiedschrijving in Nederland. Deel I: Geschiedschrijvers
650:
Geschiedschrijving in Nederland. Deel I: Geschiedschrijvers
506:, 2 volumes, New York: Barnes & Noble, 1961 & 1964.
286:
714:
Fly and Fly Bottle: Encounters with British Intellectuals
333:
Geyl was best known as a critic of the British historian
801:
Professors of Dutch History at University College London
520:
Napoleon: voor en tegen in de Franse geschiedschrijving
269:
In 1940, Geyl wrote an article on how historians view
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Revolutiedagen te Amsterdam, Augustus–September 1748
492:
History of the Low Countries: Episodes and Problems
468:, 3 volumes, 1930–1959: translated into English as
158:
148:
129:
104:
85:
512:, 1939: translated by A. Pomerans into English as
317:interpretation of German history that argued that
630:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
522:, 1946: translated by O. Renier into English as
791:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
700:Bijdragen voor de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
259:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
566:, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1955.
550:The Pattern of the Past: Can we Determine it?
8:
811:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
716:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1962.
474:The Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century
325:against the charge of being a proto-Nazi.
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82:
542:, Bossum: F.G. Kroonder, co-written with
466:De geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche Stam
383:Geyl was also noted for arguing that the
257:In 1928 Geyl became correspondent of the
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
498:The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1555–1609
470:The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1555–1609
34:This article includes a list of general
806:Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
606:
362:De Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Stam
705:Duke, A.C & Tamse, C.A. (editors)
165:Maria Cornelia van Slooten (1911–1933)
737:, Amsterdam: Wereldbibliotheek, 1990.
500:, New York: Barnes & Noble, 1966.
368:, though not favouring Dutch-Flemish
7:
293:. Geyl spent thirteen months at the
665:(The Hague 1981), 331–347, esp. 337
584:, Cleveland, Ohio: Meridian, 1961.
572:, Cleveland, Ohio: Meridian, 1958.
328:
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
709:, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1985.
430:Geyl died on 31 December 1966 in
530:De Patriottenbeweging, 1780–1787
25:
613:In Dutch officially spelled as
460:De Groot-Nederlandsche gedachte
179:
695:, Volume 4, Issue No. 1, 1964.
628:"Pieter C.A. Geyl (1887–1966)"
454:Willem IV en Engeland tot 1748
1:
771:Historians of the Netherlands
761:20th-century Dutch historians
391:of using the uprising of the
279:Rotterdam School of Economics
730:, Volume 37, Issue #1, 1965.
560:, New York: Greenwood, 1949.
239:Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant
516:, New York: Scribner, 1970.
311:. Geyl was a critic of the
193:Pieter Catharinus Arie Geyl
16:Dutch historian (1887–1966)
827:
595:Napoleon legacy and memory
576:Studies en strijdschriften
514:Orange and Stuart, 1641–72
407:was the main cause of the
285:(Security Service) of the
796:P. C. Hooft Award winners
728:Journal of Modern History
524:Napoleon, For and Against
510:Oranje en Stuart, 1641–72
329:Geyl's historical outlook
92:
781:Leiden University alumni
564:Use and Abuse of History
415:Napoleon For and Against
302:Kamp Sint-Michielsgestel
570:Debates with Historians
219:and graduated from the
55:more precise citations.
721:Herdenking van P. Geyl
674:See G. van der Plaat,
281:. In October 1940 the
776:People from Dordrecht
582:Encounters in History
411:in the 17th century.
409:first Anglo-Dutch War
252:University of Utrecht
702:, Volume 21, (1967).
678:(2003), pp. 116–117.
486:Patriotten en NSBers
389:William IV of Orange
248:University of London
221:University of Leiden
199:– 31 December 1966,
153:University of Leiden
346:Greater Netherlands
265:Wartime experiences
195:(15 December 1887,
693:History and Theory
538:A Study of History
309:National Socialism
298:concentration camp
350:Eighty Years' War
335:Arnold J. Toynbee
323:Leopold von Ranke
291:Dutch East Indies
215:Geyl was born in
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172:Garberlina Kremer
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135:(1966-12-31)
99:Pieter Geijl
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756:1966 deaths
751:1887 births
436:Netherlands
405:Mary Stuart
397:revisionist
370:irredentism
123:Netherlands
87:Pieter Geyl
53:introducing
745:Categories
686:References
558:P. Sorokin
295:Buchenwald
211:Background
111:1887-12-15
36:references
601:Footnotes
401:Willem II
393:Doelisten
314:Sonderweg
217:Dordrecht
197:Dordrecht
119:Dordrecht
589:See also
419:Corsican
342:Flemings
271:Napoleon
234:Schiedam
634:27 July
578:, 1958.
546:, 1948.
532:, 1947.
488:, 1946.
482:, 1936.
462:, 1925.
456:, 1924.
450:, 1913.
432:Utrecht
244:Britain
201:Utrecht
184:
176:
159:Spouses
141:Utrecht
49:improve
38:, but
615:Geijl
426:Death
403:) to
178:(
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556:and
472:and
130:Died
105:Born
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180:m.
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