238:
185:
31:
159:
1610:
150:. It was considered one of the U.S.'s most famous trees, and drew thousands of visitors annually. It was estimated to have been more than 1,000 years old, and measured 33 feet (10 m) in diameter; its exact age and height were not known. The tree was topped before 1859. It fell and shattered during a storm on January 8, 2017.
791:"Sierra redwoods (also known as Giant Sequoias) are the largest objects ever to have lived on Earth. The fossil record of the redwood family dates back 180 million years to the age of the dinosaurs, and individuals can live over 3,000 years", explains the California Department of Parks and Recreation.
208:
was encouraged, but this practice was prohibited in the 1930s. At first only pedestrians were allowed to pass through the tree. Later, for many years, automobiles drove through it as part of the "Big Trees Trail". It was one of several drive-through trees in
California. Subsequently, only hikers were
424:
reports that the trees in the state park are estimated to be more than 1,000 years old. Sequoias can live for more than 3,000 years. The iconic tree was one of just a few tunneled-through sequoias in
California. The most famous was the Wawona Tree, in Yosemite National Park; it fell during a winter
217:
The
Pioneer Cabin Tree fell during a rain storm and flooding on January 8, 2017. It was the strongest storm to hit the area in over a decade. The flooding, combined with the shallow root system of giant sequoias, likely caused it to fall. A park volunteer reported that the tree had been weakening,
225:
At least one observer suggested that the tree fell victim to the profit motive and greed, not just a storm. It was one of several trees that were mutilated to promote tourism. California State Parks supervising ranger Tony Tealdi said in the modern day the hollowing out of a tree would not have
196:
In the early 1880s, a tunnel was cut through the compartments by a private land owner at the request of James Sperry, founder of the
Murphys Hotel, so that tourists could pass through it. The tree was chosen in part because of the large forest fire scar. The Pioneer Cabin Tree emulated the tunnel
1265:
Those who created this "tourist attraction" killed the tree slowly. ... We appear to be a nation of short-term thinkers, ... and people who take the long view seem to be in the minority. I wonder why humans can't simply see the beauty of nature as it exists. Rather, they need to "improve" it or
870:
218:
becoming brittle and leaning to one side for several years, with only a single branch remaining alive. It had been weakened by the severe damage caused by the tunnel carved through its trunk. The tree shattered on impact with the ground due to the brittle wood of mature sequoias.
335:. The tree, which measured 275 feet (84 m) tall and 21 feet (6.4 m) in diameter, fell across a park road in 1937 due to natural causes. The following year, a crew cut an 8-foot (2.4 m) tall, 17-foot (5.2 m) wide tunnel through the trunk, making the road passable again.
221:
After the fall of the tree the park trail closed for a cleanup operation. Some sections of the tree remained intact, but the park's preservation policy prevented them from being cut up, for example to determine the tree's exact age.
906:
The "Pioneers' Cabin" had a large burnt cavity, which this year has been so enlarged by workmen, that a stage could easily pass through it with enough of the tree left on each side to support it in health.
237:
561:
1298:
Last weekend, the
Pioneer Cabin Tree in California collapsed. It was one of a number of West Coast trees that had holes cut through them in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
1645:
1119:
851:
817:
651:
184:
1640:
1594:
1311:
1660:
1655:
1376:
494:
425:
storm in 1969 at an estimated age of 2,100 years. The other remaining sequoia tunnels are dead or consist of logs on their side, the Forest
Service says."
1650:
778:
1630:
1187:
951:
82:
1025:
897:
533:
698:
1518:
727:
1090:
1578:
1066:
376:
143:
69:
835:
1232:
1614:
1204:
1460:
was the second standing sequoia to be tunneled (the first, a dead tree, still stands in the
Tuolumne Grove in Yosemite).
994:
674:
406:
366:
343:
1635:
968:
405:
An 1856 news article lists the height of the tree without its broken off top as 150 feet (46 m). In 1900, the
181:
In 1857 it was noted that the "top half" of the tree was broken off at about 150 feet, and that the tree was hollow.
1246:
1179:
702:
371:
158:
139:
55:
1534:
562:"Morning Mix: Winter storm fells one of California's iconic drive-through tunnel trees, carved in the 1880s"
538:
678:
684:
656:
461:
294:
284:
265:
756:
1448:
1324:
1319:
624:
498:
332:
318:
882:
The "Pioneer's Cabin" is 150 feet high; where the top is broken off it has a small opening through it.
478:
357:
The loss of the
Pioneer Cabin Tree occasioned an encomium to other important trees that still remain.
1150:
381:
1412:
1282:
1030:
566:
347:
308:
1588:
1354:
943:
1266:"make it into a profit center" Why can't a millennium-old tree just be valued because it exists?
1510:
1574:
1514:
1251:
1183:
1173:
1124:
1062:
1056:
947:
937:
420:
876:
731:
167:
166:
The
Pioneer Cabin Tree got its name from its distinctively hollow trunk, partially burnt by
1539:
450:
351:
304:
245:
image of the
Pioneer Cabin Tree and Pluto's Chimney (left in the distance) (c. 1864–1874)
192:
image of the Pioneer Cabin Tree with people and horse passing through (c. 1867–1899)
1473:"Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
209:
allowed to pass through the tree's tunnel as part of the North Grove Loop hiking trail.
1535:"Lifestyle: 10 Incredible Trees You Can Still Visit, Now That Pioneer Cabin Is No More"
1499:
629:
314:
290:
280:
261:
1624:
1209:
339:
250:
1312:"AROUND THE NATION: Pioneer Cabin Tree, Giant Sequoia With Tunnel, Toppled By Storm"
595:
234:
This was one of several trees that were hollowed out for the amusement of tourists.
30:
1247:"Opinion California's iconic Pioneer Cabin Sequoia was felled by more than weather"
880:. No. 25981. April 8, 1857. p. 3 – via British Library Newspapers.
321:
16:
Historical giant sequoia tunnel tree in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, California
1506:
1501:
An Architectural Guidebook to the National Parks: California, Oregon, Washington
1472:
804:"Heavy Rains Topple Iconic Pioneer Cabin Tree at Calaveras Big Trees State Park"
257:
242:
198:
189:
171:
1573:(2nd ed.). Three Rivers, California: Sequoia Natural History Association.
1026:"GREEN: Pioneer Cabin Tree, Iconic Giant Sequoia With 'Tunnel', Falls In Storm"
779:"California's iconic 'tunnel tree' has finally fallen: Goodnight, sweet prince"
1120:"An iconic tunnel tree in a California state park is no more after huge storm"
919:
328:
178:, with the tree's burnt core as a chimney, and a small opening as a backdoor.
147:
1389:
so named from the cabin like chamber and chimney its hollow trunk exhibits...
97:
84:
1043:
The tree was "barely alive" due to the hole punched through it in the 1880s.
324:, a fire-hollowed fallen giant, was utilized as part of a cattleman's cabin.
175:
803:
1609:
1440:
1097:
1058:
60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Sacramento: Including Auburn, Folsom, and Davis
205:
999:
995:"After More Than 100 Years, California's Iconic Tunnel Tree Is No More"
451:"A Guide to the North Grove Trail of Calaveras Big Trees – Marker 21"
271:
Pioneer Cabin Tree, in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, fell in 2017.
936:
Carol Kramer; Calaveras Big Trees Association (September 6, 2010).
479:
https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/maps/topoview/viewer/#19/38.28017/-120.30314
1552:
840:. Vol. XIX. M.C. Lilley & Co. November 1876. p. 239.
183:
806:. California Department of Parks and Recreation. January 9, 2017.
1283:"The Drive-Through Tree, a Relic with Roots in American Tourism"
474:
1350:"Giant Sequoia 'Tunnel Tree' in California Is Toppled by Storm"
625:"Giant Sequoia 'Tunnel Tree' in California Is Toppled by Storm"
495:"Iconic Sequoia 'Tunnel Tree' Brought Down By California Storm"
728:"The Latest: Famed giant sequoia topples in California storms"
600:
350:, namely: Klamath Tour Thru Tree; Shrine Drive-Thru Tree; and
1233:"Iconic Pioneer Cabin Tree Crashes Down in Calaveras County"
1091:"Pioneer Cabin Tree, Famous for Tunnel, Is Toppled by Storm"
904:. Vol. 18, no. 15. September 8, 1883. p. 2.
1349:
1061:. Birmingham, Alabama: Menasha Ridge Press. p. 120.
534:"Historic Pioneer Cabin Tree toppled in California storm"
275:
Two walk-through giant sequoia tunnel trees still stand:
931:
929:
699:"Beloved California Giant Sequoia Tree Felled by Storm"
1205:"Iconic drive-through tree in California has fallen"
418:"It's unclear exactly how old the tree was, but the
204:
Since the 1880s and for more than 50 years, visitor
201:, and was intended to compete with it for tourists.
1569:Flint, Wendell D.; Law, Mike, photographer (2002).
1118:St. John, Paige; Hamilton, Matt (January 8, 2017).
596:"Pioneer Cabin Tree in California felled by storms"
113:
76:
65:
44:
23:
1498:
1172:Stienstra, Tom; Brown, Ann Marie (July 26, 2016).
869:
162:c. 1860–1880, before the tunnel was opened further
311:has a room carved into it, and it is still alive.
920:"Hanging On By A Branch: The Pioneer Cabin Tree"
858:. Vol. 24, no. 3606. October 18, 1862.
824:. Vol. 5, no. 769. September 10, 1853.
751:
749:
1381:The Phrenological Journal and Life Illustrated
1145:
1143:
1343:
1341:
8:
1646:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
1593:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1441:"The Myth of the Tree You Can Drive Through"
660:. Vol. 11, no. 1603. May 15, 1856.
969:"The Calaveras Big Trees North Grove Trail"
1413:"Where is the tree you can drive through?"
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
488:
486:
20:
1276:
1274:
1019:
1017:
988:
986:
300:Two others have edifices carved within:
236:
157:
1641:History of Calaveras County, California
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
437:
409:wrote it was 280 feet (85 m) tall.
398:
1586:
1435:
1433:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
967:Bourn, Jennifer (September 28, 2016).
766:, no. 33, p. 393, March 1859
669:
667:
652:"Excursion to Mammoth Cave, Big Trees"
560:Andrews, Travis M. (January 9, 2017).
342:trees that can be driven through near
253:drive-through trees have both fallen:
722:
720:
680:Report on the Big Trees of California
590:
588:
586:
584:
493:Domonoske, Camila (January 9, 2017).
445:
443:
441:
7:
1661:2017 disestablishments in California
174:. It had small compartments as in a
1348:McCannjan, Erin (January 9, 2017).
1310:Sepulvado, John (January 9, 2017).
1281:Meier, Allison (January 11, 2017).
532:Hockaday, Peter (January 8, 2017).
230:Drive-through and other noted trees
1656:Roadside attractions in California
331:is a fallen giant sequoia tree in
14:
1151:"Destination drive through trees"
993:Hongo, Hudson (January 9, 2017).
777:Harala, Josh (January 13, 2017).
757:"The Mammoth Trees of California"
1608:
1055:Summers, Jordan (May 15, 2012).
623:McCann, Erin (January 9, 2017).
477:satellite view of N Grove Trail
458:H Calaveras Big Trees State Park
29:
1231:Recede, Kay (January 9, 2017).
1203:Hale, Jamie (January 9, 2017).
1175:Moon Northern California Hiking
918:California State Parks (2008).
871:"The Giant Trees of California"
687:: Govt. Print. Off. p. 14.
1651:Individual giant sequoia trees
1418:. United States Forest Service
764:Hutchings’ California Magazine
377:List of California state parks
144:Calaveras Big Trees State Park
70:Calaveras Big Trees State Park
35:The Pioneer Cabin Tree in 2006
1:
1024:Mazza, Ed (January 9, 2017).
1631:2010s individual tree deaths
1377:"Tree Wonders of California"
1089:Melvin, Don; Chirbas, Kurt.
407:United States Forest Service
367:List of giant sequoia groves
1677:
1497:Kaiser, Harvey H. (2002).
1445:Sequoia & Kings Canyon
971:. Inspiredimperfection.com
837:The Odd Fellow's Companion
309:Mountain Home State Forest
279:California tunnel tree in
117:January 8, 2017
40:
28:
1571:To Find the Biggest Tree
1180:Avalon Travel Publishing
372:List of individual trees
98:38.280167°N 120.303139°W
56:Sequoiadendron giganteum
898:"Trip to the Big Trees"
886:(subscription required)
539:San Francisco Chronicle
197:carved into Yosemite's
902:Sacramento Daily Union
856:Sacramento Daily Union
822:Sacramento Daily Union
685:University of Michigan
657:Sacramento Daily Union
462:California State Parks
295:Yosemite National Park
289:A dead tunnel tree in
285:Yosemite National Park
266:Yosemite National Park
246:
193:
163:
103:38.280167; -120.303139
1449:National Park Service
1325:National Public Radio
1320:All Things Considered
1128:. Truckee, California
499:National Public Radio
333:Sequoia National Park
319:Sequoia National Park
240:
187:
161:
1617:at Wikimedia Commons
1387:(1): 46. July 1871.
683:. Original from the
382:Mother of the Forest
1288:. hyperallergic.com
1031:The Huffington Post
939:Calaveras Big Trees
818:"The Mammoth Trees"
567:The Washington Post
348:northern California
94: /
1636:2017 in California
1615:Pioneer Cabin Tree
1543:. January 14, 2017
1355:The New York Times
1255:. January 14, 2017
944:Arcadia Publishing
781:. sciencealert.com
464:. 2006. p. 12
247:
194:
164:
132:Pioneer Cabin Tree
72:, California, U.S.
24:Pioneer Cabin Tree
1613:Media related to
1252:Los Angeles Times
1189:978-1-63121-549-0
1125:Los Angeles Times
953:978-1-4396-2522-4
946:. pp. 118–.
734:. January 9, 2017
705:. January 9, 2017
604:. January 9, 2017
421:Los Angeles Times
168:lightning strikes
128:
127:
1668:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1505:. Layton, Utah:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1409:
1392:
1391:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1073:
1072:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
990:
981:
980:
978:
976:
964:
958:
957:
933:
924:
923:
915:
909:
908:
894:
888:
887:
884:
877:The Morning Post
873:
866:
860:
859:
848:
842:
841:
832:
826:
825:
814:
808:
807:
800:
794:
793:
788:
786:
774:
768:
767:
761:
753:
744:
743:
741:
739:
732:Associated Press
724:
715:
714:
712:
710:
695:
689:
688:
671:
662:
661:
648:
642:
641:
639:
637:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
592:
579:
578:
576:
574:
557:
551:
550:
548:
546:
529:
510:
509:
507:
505:
490:
481:
473:
471:
469:
455:
447:
426:
416:
410:
403:
338:There are three
226:been permitted.
134:, also known as
124:
122:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
99:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
60:
50:
33:
21:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1621:
1620:
1605:
1585:
1581:
1568:
1565:
1563:Further reading
1560:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1453:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1395:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1182:. p. 516.
1171:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1005:
1003:
992:
991:
984:
974:
972:
966:
965:
961:
954:
935:
934:
927:
917:
916:
912:
896:
895:
891:
885:
868:
867:
863:
852:"The Big Trees"
850:
849:
845:
834:
833:
829:
816:
815:
811:
802:
801:
797:
784:
782:
776:
775:
771:
759:
755:
754:
747:
737:
735:
726:
725:
718:
708:
706:
697:
696:
692:
673:
672:
665:
650:
649:
645:
635:
633:
622:
621:
617:
607:
605:
594:
593:
582:
572:
570:
559:
558:
554:
544:
542:
531:
530:
513:
503:
501:
492:
491:
484:
467:
465:
453:
449:
448:
439:
435:
430:
429:
417:
413:
404:
400:
395:
363:
352:Chandelier Tree
268:, fell in 1969.
232:
215:
156:
136:The Tunnel Tree
120:
118:
102:
100:
96:
93:
88:
85:
83:
81:
80:
52:
48:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1604:
1603:External links
1601:
1600:
1599:
1579:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1540:Travel+Leisure
1526:
1519:
1489:
1464:
1429:
1393:
1368:
1337:
1302:
1270:
1238:
1223:
1195:
1188:
1164:
1153:. OhRanger.com
1139:
1110:
1074:
1067:
1047:
1013:
982:
959:
952:
925:
910:
889:
861:
843:
827:
809:
795:
769:
745:
716:
690:
663:
643:
630:New York Times
615:
580:
552:
511:
482:
436:
434:
431:
428:
427:
411:
397:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
386:Sequoiadendron
379:
374:
369:
362:
359:
326:
325:
312:
298:
297:
291:Tuolumne Grove
287:
281:Mariposa Grove
273:
272:
269:
262:Mariposa Grove
231:
228:
214:
211:
155:
152:
126:
125:
115:
111:
110:
78:
74:
73:
67:
63:
62:
46:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1673:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1286:(Photo Essay)
1284:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1212:
1211:
1210:The Oregonian
1206:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1002:
1001:
996:
989:
987:
983:
970:
963:
960:
955:
949:
945:
941:
940:
932:
930:
926:
921:
914:
911:
907:
903:
899:
893:
890:
883:
879:
878:
872:
865:
862:
857:
853:
847:
844:
839:
838:
831:
828:
823:
819:
813:
810:
805:
799:
796:
792:
780:
773:
770:
765:
758:
752:
750:
746:
733:
729:
723:
721:
717:
704:
700:
694:
691:
686:
682:
681:
676:
670:
668:
664:
659:
658:
653:
647:
644:
632:
631:
626:
619:
616:
603:
602:
597:
591:
589:
587:
585:
581:
569:
568:
563:
556:
553:
541:
540:
535:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
512:
500:
496:
489:
487:
483:
480:
476:
463:
459:
452:
446:
444:
442:
438:
432:
423:
422:
415:
412:
408:
402:
399:
392:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:coast redwood
336:
334:
330:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
305:Hercules Tree
303:
302:
301:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:
276:
270:
267:
263:
259:
256:
255:
254:
252:
251:giant sequoia
244:
239:
235:
229:
227:
223:
219:
212:
210:
207:
202:
200:
191:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
169:
160:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
140:giant sequoia
137:
133:
116:
112:
107:
89:120°18′11.3″W
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
59:
58:
57:
49:Giant sequoia
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1570:
1551:– via
1545:. Retrieved
1538:
1529:
1520:1-58685-0660
1500:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1467:
1459:
1452:. Retrieved
1444:
1420:. Retrieved
1388:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1353:
1328:. Retrieved
1318:
1305:
1297:
1290:. Retrieved
1264:
1257:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1208:
1198:
1174:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1130:. Retrieved
1123:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1057:
1050:
1042:
1035:. Retrieved
1029:
1004:. Retrieved
998:
973:. Retrieved
962:
938:
913:
905:
901:
892:
881:
875:
864:
855:
846:
836:
830:
821:
812:
798:
790:
783:. Retrieved
772:
763:
736:. Retrieved
707:. Retrieved
693:
679:
655:
646:
634:. Retrieved
628:
618:
606:. Retrieved
599:
571:. Retrieved
565:
555:
543:. Retrieved
537:
502:. Retrieved
466:. Retrieved
457:
419:
414:
401:
385:
356:
337:
327:
322:Giant Forest
299:
274:
248:
233:
224:
220:
216:
203:
195:
180:
165:
135:
131:
129:
86:38°16′48.6″N
54:
53:
18:
1547:January 15,
1509:. pp.
1507:Gibbs Smith
1477:www.nps.gov
1454:January 10,
1422:January 10,
1361:January 15,
1330:January 15,
1292:January 15,
1259:January 15,
1216:January 10,
785:January 15,
468:January 15,
315:Tharp's Log
258:Wawona Tree
243:stereoscope
199:Wawona Tree
190:stereoscope
172:forest fire
114:Date felled
101: /
77:Coordinates
1625:Categories
1580:1878441094
1157:January 9,
1132:January 9,
1103:January 9,
1068:0897326040
1037:January 9,
1006:January 9,
975:January 9,
738:January 9,
709:January 9,
636:January 9,
608:January 9,
573:January 9,
545:January 9,
504:January 9,
433:References
329:Tunnel Log
148:California
121:2017-01-08
1589:cite book
384:– a huge
176:log cabin
1235:. FOX40.
1098:NBC News
703:ABC News
677:(1900).
361:See also
249:The two
206:graffiti
138:, was a
66:Location
1482:May 18,
1315:(Audio)
1094:(Video)
1000:Gizmodo
154:History
119: (
45:Species
1577:
1517:
1186:
1065:
950:
344:US 101
1553:Yahoo
1511:96–97
1416:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
454:(PDF)
393:Notes
260:, in
1595:link
1575:ISBN
1549:2017
1515:ISBN
1484:2021
1456:2017
1424:2017
1363:2017
1332:2017
1294:2017
1261:2017
1218:2017
1184:ISBN
1159:2017
1134:2017
1105:2017
1063:ISBN
1039:2017
1008:2017
977:2017
948:ISBN
787:2017
740:2017
711:2017
675:USFS
638:2017
610:2017
575:2017
547:2017
506:2017
475:USGS
470:2017
388:tree
213:Fall
170:and
130:The
601:BBC
346:in
317:in
307:in
142:in
1627::
1591:}}
1587:{{
1537:.
1513:.
1475:.
1458:.
1447:.
1443:.
1432:^
1396:^
1385:53
1383:.
1379:.
1352:.
1340:^
1323:.
1317:.
1296:.
1273:^
1263:.
1249:.
1207:.
1178:.
1142:^
1122:.
1096:.
1077:^
1041:.
1028:.
1016:^
997:.
985:^
942:.
928:^
900:.
874:.
854:.
820:.
789:.
762:,
748:^
730:.
719:^
701:.
666:^
654:.
627:.
598:.
583:^
564:.
536:.
514:^
497:.
485:^
460:.
456:.
440:^
354:.
293:,
283:,
264:,
241:A
188:A
146:,
1597:)
1583:.
1555:.
1523:.
1486:.
1426:.
1365:.
1334:.
1220:.
1192:.
1161:.
1136:.
1107:.
1071:.
1010:.
979:.
956:.
922:.
742:.
713:.
640:.
612:.
577:.
549:.
508:.
472:.
123:)
61:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
