3073:
331:
1056:
647:
339:
347:
290:
infrared scanning device." Saliga thought the title too long, and lacked theme for an exhibit design. He suggested, "Pioneer", as the name of the probe, since "the Army had already launched and orbited the
Explorer satellite, and their Public Information Office was identifying the Army, as, 'Pioneers in Space,'" and, by adopting the name, the Air Force would "make a 'quantum jump' as to who, really, the 'Pioneers' in space.'"
5156:
3512:
552:
675:
31:
3523:
5168:
637:
distance to the Sun. Their orbital periods are therefore slightly shorter than Earth's. Pioneer 7 and
Pioneer 8 are in solar orbits with 1.1 AU distance to the Sun. Their orbital periods are therefore slightly longer than Earth's. Since the probes' orbital periods differ from that of the Earth, from
289:
Credit for naming the first probe has been attributed to
Stephen A. Saliga, who had been assigned to the Air Force Orientation Group, Wright-Patterson AFB, as chief designer of Air Force exhibits. While he was at a briefing, the spacecraft was described to him, as, a "lunar-orbiting vehicle, with an
232:
exploration. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus. The second
3886:
4511:
638:
time to time, they face a side of the Sun that cannot be seen from Earth. The probes can sense parts of the Sun several days before the Sun's rotation reveals it to ground-based Earth orbiting observatories.
3868:
5248:
3560:
3892:
3914:
5724:
5206:
4333:
262:
5041:
3553:
4025:
5106:
5031:
4518:
2941:
876:
3775:
3546:
2921:
1326:
5778:
4812:
4788:
3814:
311:
4734:
4147:
1790:
4822:
4741:
1224:
966:
4817:
5465:
5199:
5126:
4859:
3596:
911:
4003:
3998:
3217:
2916:
5344:
4704:
4142:
3874:
3245:
2318:
5101:
4908:
4431:
3572:
3240:
2617:
2323:
809:
315:
64:
4684:
4658:
4614:
2021:
2016:
1495:
1302:
5768:
5362:
5356:
5192:
4918:
3820:
1338:
1331:
5746:
5693:
5638:
4774:
4694:
4328:
3862:
3792:
3621:
3606:
2999:
2538:
2457:
1307:
1270:
3072:
859:
5811:
5603:
5069:
4827:
4414:
4323:
4030:
4013:
3768:
3628:
3591:
2936:
2658:
171:
5660:
4288:
3658:
2653:
2238:
1280:
4901:
4891:
4589:
1055:
5740:
5094:
3934:
3929:
2211:
1217:
959:
929:
5839:
5806:
5666:
5350:
5253:
4757:
4626:
3880:
3850:
2951:
2911:
2734:
2693:
2465:
1436:
1367:
1233:
5325:
5111:
5058:
5021:
4980:
4874:
4579:
4559:
4474:
4298:
4037:
3983:
3761:
2931:
2860:
2793:
2268:
3263:
5783:
5470:
4913:
4854:
4729:
4641:
4371:
4237:
3683:
3418:
2825:
883:
5698:
5609:
5288:
5215:
5121:
4951:
4869:
4864:
4538:
3993:
3951:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3222:
2815:
2587:
2293:
1599:
1454:
563:
582:
probes would five years later. In 1978, the end of the program saw a return to the inner Solar System, with the
5834:
5788:
5615:
5413:
5064:
4988:
4262:
3838:
3601:
3255:
3047:
2896:
1210:
1141:
952:
759:
587:
136:
4113:
277:
each depicting a man and a woman and information about the origin and the creators of the probes, in case any
5773:
5621:
5332:
5259:
4896:
4833:
4808:
4653:
4506:
4441:
4152:
4072:
3973:
3062:
3057:
2946:
2855:
2783:
2703:
2698:
2623:
2011:
2006:
1670:
1441:
1245:
5844:
5541:
5485:
5338:
5314:
5283:
5136:
5079:
4601:
4584:
4530:
4493:
4293:
4267:
4222:
3978:
3729:
3673:
3292:
2771:
2668:
2132:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
602:
5626:
5490:
5084:
5074:
5016:
4886:
4881:
4722:
4387:
4349:
4318:
4227:
4126:
4108:
4008:
3742:
3653:
3616:
3035:
2992:
2741:
2683:
2611:
2605:
2203:
2193:
2041:
1319:
1275:
1136:
1131:
753:
747:
583:
278:
5801:
5719:
5648:
5591:
5569:
5535:
5503:
5458:
5451:
5306:
4714:
4217:
4102:
4020:
3988:
3924:
3919:
3450:
3380:
3343:
2906:
2901:
2875:
2850:
1963:
1362:
5399:
4479:
3331:
330:
5554:
5237:
5230:
5001:
4967:
4498:
4068:
3856:
3527:
3497:
3457:
2788:
2765:
2727:
2298:
1852:
1631:
1179:
724:
704:
4798:
4376:
4283:
4257:
4197:
4181:
4157:
3724:
3714:
3492:
3470:
3019:
2673:
2599:
2569:
2137:
1690:
1377:
567:
319:
69:
646:
5529:
5434:
5406:
5295:
5276:
4762:
4646:
4606:
4566:
4486:
4446:
4313:
4303:
4051:
3611:
3313:
2820:
2663:
2477:
2328:
1808:
634:
5171:
4098:
2527:
2521:
2515:
5672:
5633:
4995:
4636:
4247:
3826:
3805:
3693:
3515:
3081:
3052:
2985:
2798:
2777:
2593:
2273:
1760:
1295:
804:
338:
20:
346:
5523:
5497:
5444:
5367:
4974:
4944:
4407:
4381:
4308:
4207:
4202:
4162:
4078:
3832:
3719:
3663:
3633:
3386:
3337:
3175:
3165:
3144:
3139:
3106:
3101:
2926:
2804:
2381:
2233:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1265:
1186:
814:
794:
789:
593:
The new missions were numbered beginning with
Pioneer 6 (alternate names in parentheses).
579:
539:
299:
266:
2223:
1425:
5688:
5655:
5643:
5586:
5546:
5131:
5011:
4768:
4454:
4252:
4242:
4088:
4083:
3941:
3698:
3688:
3425:
3232:
3190:
3121:
3040:
1445:
1372:
1290:
1260:
1159:
799:
679:
274:
3538:
737:
mission for 1974, never launched. Would have used flight spare for
Pioneers 10 and 11.
5828:
5564:
5516:
5509:
5159:
5141:
5036:
5026:
4958:
4803:
4436:
4167:
3946:
3160:
3134:
2880:
2398:
2278:
2187:
1934:
1664:
1659:
1419:
606:
234:
233:
program, which ran from 1965 to 1992, sent four spacecraft to measure interplanetary
225:
209:
16:
Series of United States uncrewed lunar and planetary space probes (1958-60; 1965-92)
5428:
5421:
5006:
4573:
3352:
3180:
3170:
3111:
3096:
2445:
2001:
1843:
1382:
1164:
1037:
1032:
551:
503:
484:
270:
2678:
2552:
2546:
2243:
2111:
2106:
2031:
1864:
1859:
1700:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1490:
1485:
1202:
3968:
3844:
3185:
2845:
2581:
2437:
2405:
1955:
1680:
1675:
1174:
1027:
1022:
449:
431:
229:
939:
674:
4699:
4401:
4394:
3909:
3371:
3364:
2830:
2429:
2413:
2390:
2288:
2182:
2177:
2172:
1996:
1991:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1169:
1114:
1107:
834:
711:
695:
257:
251:
194:
5380:
5373:
5301:
5184:
5116:
5089:
4937:
4849:
4709:
4678:
4671:
4468:
4366:
4120:
3463:
3443:
3399:
3392:
3129:
2870:
2720:
2575:
2489:
2421:
2303:
2217:
2127:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1770:
1765:
1639:
1624:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1355:
1350:
1191:
1042:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
989:
920:
730:
666:
660:
535:
529:
467:
412:
393:
374:
189:
125:
30:
566:
used the
Pioneer name for a new series of missions, initially aimed at the
5581:
5264:
5243:
2865:
2840:
2835:
2308:
1940:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1617:
1527:
1414:
734:
5703:
5480:
5270:
4631:
4621:
4524:
3963:
3008:
2810:
2688:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2228:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2101:
2096:
2091:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1775:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1469:
716:
700:
571:
238:
204:
199:
765:
Pioneer Venus Probe Bus – transport vehicle and upper atmosphere probe
578:. While successful, the missions returned much poorer images than the
5598:
4665:
4596:
4093:
3958:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2313:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2025:
1869:
1803:
1798:
1780:
1511:
1464:
1459:
1431:
1409:
1343:
720:
575:
242:
532:– Lunar flyby, missed Moon due to launcher failure December 6, 1958
5439:
4689:
4462:
4426:
4421:
4212:
3668:
2283:
1695:
1685:
944:
673:
550:
345:
337:
329:
246:
39:
6-9, 10 and 11 and the
Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe series
5763:
5475:
3784:
3569:
2471:
1945:
1314:
1255:
1237:
590:, this time using orbital insertion rather than flyby missions.
307:
303:
74:
5188:
3757:
3542:
2981:
1206:
948:
915:
877:"Pioneer H, Jupiter Swingby Out-of-the-Ecliptic Mission Study"
2964:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
1054:
562:
Five years after the early Able space probe missions ended,
934:
2977:
940:
WebGL-based 3D artist's view of
Pioneer @ SPACECRAFTS 3D
768:
Pioneer Venus Large Probe – 300 kg parachuted probe
3753:
298:
The earliest missions were attempts to achieve Earth's
774:
Pioneer Venus Night Probe – 75 kg impactor probe
771:
Pioneer Venus North Probe – 75 kg impactor probe
762:(Pioneer Venus 2, Pioneer 13) – launched August 1978
633:
Pioneer 6 and
Pioneer 9 are in solar orbits with 0.8
5756:
5733:
5712:
5681:
5392:
5222:
5050:
4927:
4842:
4787:
4750:
4549:
4359:
4346:
4276:
4190:
4180:
4135:
4061:
4050:
3902:
3801:
3791:
3707:
3646:
3580:
3485:
3436:
3411:
3323:
3305:
3291:
3254:
3231:
3210:
3203:
3153:
3120:
3089:
3080:
3028:
2889:
2755:
2712:
2646:
2637:
2562:
2537:
2488:
2456:
2380:
2371:
2202:
2120:
2040:
1954:
1842:
1789:
1609:
1549:
1540:
1520:
1504:
1478:
1402:
1393:
1244:
1152:
1124:
1066:
982:
777:
Pioneer Venus Day Probe – 75 kg impactor probe
182:
177:
167:
159:
151:
143:
132:
121:
104:
99:
91:
83:
57:
49:
44:
302:, simply to show it was feasible and to study the
756:(Pioneer Venus 1, Pioneer 12) – launched May 1978
629:Pioneer E – lost in launcher failure August 1969
622:Pioneer 9 (Pioneer D) – launched November 1968 (
385:Destroyed (Thor failure 77 seconds after launch)
935:Space Technology Laboratories Documents Archive
35:A family portrait showing (from left to right)
619:Pioneer 8 (Pioneer C) – launched December 1967
613:Pioneer 6 (Pioneer A) – launched December 1965
5200:
3769:
3554:
2993:
2942:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
1218:
960:
650:Map showing location and trajectories of the
8:
2922:List of species that have landed on the Moon
616:Pioneer 7 (Pioneer B) – launched August 1966
5207:
5193:
5185:
4356:
4187:
4148:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
4058:
3798:
3776:
3762:
3754:
3584:
3561:
3547:
3539:
3302:
3207:
3086:
3000:
2986:
2978:
2643:
2377:
1546:
1399:
1225:
1211:
1203:
967:
953:
945:
29:
25:
5042:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
350:Pioneer P-1, P-3, 5, P-30, and P-31 probe
314:. These missions were carried out by the
645:
353:
5127:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
826:
3915:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
2917:List of artificial objects on the Moon
860:"Los Angeles Air Force Base > Home"
454:Atlas-Able 4, Atlas-Able 4B, Pioneer X
5345:Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer
4705:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
930:Thor Able – Encyclopedia Astronautica
670:(red) spacecraft, as of April 4, 2007
342:Lunar flyby spacecraft (Pioneer 3, 4)
7:
5167:
2618:International Lunar Research Station
810:Timeline of Solar System exploration
316:Air Force Ballistic Missile Division
306:. This included the first launch by
87:Lunar and interplanetary exploration
65:Air Force Ballistic Missile Division
601:The spacecraft in Pioneer missions
472:Pioneer P-2, Thor-Able 4, Pioneer V
457:Mission failed shortly after launch
5357:Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
3821:National Aeronautics and Space Act
1332:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
334:Reconstructed replica of Pioneer 1
14:
5747:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
5694:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
4775:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
4329:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
3597:Lunar Discovery & Exploration
5812:Space Flight Operations Facility
5604:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
5166:
5155:
5154:
5070:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
4828:Space Flight Operations Facility
4014:Operations and Checkout Building
3592:Large strategic science missions
3521:
3511:
3510:
3071:
2937:Moon landing conspiracy theories
882:. 20 August 1971. Archived from
524:Juno II lunar probes (1958–1959)
172:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
5661:Wide Field and Planetary Camera
4289:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
2654:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
916:NASA's Solar System Exploration
605:comprised a new interplanetary
570:, before the flyby missions to
249:. The two outer planet probes,
3218:Jupiter-crossing minor planets
538:– Lunar flyby, achieved Earth
310:which was formed from the old
1:
5741:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
495:Failed to achieve lunar orbit
326:Able space probes (1958–1960)
5807:Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
5667:Wide Field Infrared Explorer
5351:Soil Moisture Active Passive
5254:Atmospheric infrared sounder
5107:Space program on U.S. stamps
5032:Gemini and Apollo medallions
4982:Solar System Family Portrait
4758:Joint Polar Satellite System
4627:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
3881:Vision for Space Exploration
3851:Space Exploration Initiative
2952:List of crewed lunar landers
2912:List of missions to the Moon
2735:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
2694:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
2466:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
1781:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
1437:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
5326:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
5102:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
5059:We choose to go to the Moon
5022:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
4580:International Space Station
4560:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
4299:Great Observatories program
4143:International Space Station
4121:Roscosmos State Corporation
4038:Science Mission Directorate
3984:Manned Space Flight Network
2794:International Lunar Network
912:Pioneer (Moon) Program Page
642:Outer Solar System missions
514:Lost in upper stage failure
404:Third stage partial failure
5861:
5784:Table Mountain Observatory
4919:NASA cameras on spacecraft
4730:James Webb Space Telescope
4642:Solar Dynamics Observatory
3863:U.S. National Space Policy
3419:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
745:
547:Later missions (1965–1978)
401:Lunar orbiter, missed Moon
261:, became the first two of
18:
5797:
5699:Near-Earth Asteroid Scout
5610:Solar Mesosphere Explorer
5289:Large Binocular Telescope
5216:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
5150:
3994:Vehicle Assembly Building
3738:
3587:
3506:
3279:2016 Jupiter impact event
3274:2010 Jupiter impact event
3269:2009 Jupiter impact event
3069:
3015:
2960:
1600:List of Apollo astronauts
1052:
564:NASA Ames Research Center
28:
5789:Solar System Ambassadors
5616:Spaceborne Imaging Radar
5065:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
4989:The Day the Earth Smiled
4324:Solar Terrestrial Probes
3629:Ocean Worlds Exploration
3622:Solar System Exploration
2897:Colonization of the Moon
1142:Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
760:Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
542:, launched March 3, 1959
508:Atlas-Able 5B, Pioneer Z
489:Atlas-Able 5A, Pioneer Y
436:Atlas-Able 4A, Pioneer W
269:that will allow them to
19:Not to be confused with
5774:NASA Deep Space Network
5622:Spitzer Space Telescope
5542:Mars Exploration Rovers
5333:Mars Science Laboratory
5260:Deep Space Atomic Clock
5122:Other primates in space
4834:Deep Space Atomic Clock
4654:Mars Science Laboratory
4442:Spitzer Space Telescope
4031:Lunar Sample Laboratory
3974:Launch Services Program
3528:Solar System portal
2947:Apollo 11 anniversaries
2784:European Lunar Explorer
2007:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
835:"Origins of NASA Names"
417:Thor-Able 3, Pioneer II
263:five artificial objects
5339:Microwave limb sounder
5137:National Astronaut Day
5080:The Astronaut Monument
4902:Space Shuttle missions
4602:Mars Exploration Rover
4585:Hubble Space Telescope
4494:Kepler space telescope
4294:Earth Observing System
4268:Mars Exploration Rover
3979:Mercury Control Center
3264:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
2133:Emirates Lunar Mission
1060:
841:. www.history.nasa.gov
690:
671:
597:Interplanetary weather
559:
420:Lunar orbiter, reentry
398:Thor-Able 2, Pioneer I
351:
343:
335:
271:leave the Solar System
5757:Related organizations
5085:Lunar sample displays
5075:Space Mirror Memorial
5017:Voyager Golden Record
4909:United States rockets
4101: (with the
4009:Launch Control Center
3743:List of NASA missions
3573:planetary exploration
2742:Lunar Orbital Station
2194:Peregrine Mission One
1137:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
1132:Pioneer Venus project
1058:
754:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
748:Pioneer Venus project
727:, launched April 1973
707:, launched March 1972
682:attached to Pioneers
677:
649:
584:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
554:
349:
341:
333:
245:, and two to explore
5802:JPL Science Division
5536:Mars Global Surveyor
5504:Mars Climate Orbiter
4103:Soviet space program
4021:Johnson Space Center
3989:Kennedy Space Center
3952:spinoff technologies
3063:Jupiter's South Pole
3058:Jupiter's North Pole
2907:List of lunar probes
2902:Google Lunar X Prize
2851:Project Harvest Moon
1964:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1444:(relay satellite at
1059:Pioneer 11 at Saturn
379:Thor-Able 1, Pioneer
228:lunar and planetary
5840:1958 in spaceflight
5112:Apollo 17 Moon mice
4968:Pillars of Creation
4875:Space Shuttle crews
4353:(human and robotic)
4347:Individual featured
3930:Ranks and positions
3458:Io Volcano Observer
2932:Apollo 17 Moon mice
2861:Resource Prospector
2789:First Lunar Outpost
2772:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg 1
2728:Boeing Lunar Lander
1853:Apollo Lunar Module
1667:(propulsion module)
1632:Apollo Lunar Module
1234:Spacecraft missions
1180:Linda Salzman Sagan
923:The Depths of Space
725:interstellar medium
705:interstellar medium
624:inactive since 1983
498:September 25, 1960
444:September 24, 1959
439:Launch vehicle lost
423:Third stage failure
281:find them someday.
224:were two series of
178:Vehicle information
4914:NASA cancellations
4809:Deep Space Network
4799:Near Earth Network
4284:Living With a Star
4258:Project Prometheus
4238:Planetary Observer
3725:Project Prometheus
3684:Planetary Observer
3607:Planetary Missions
3020:Outline of Jupiter
2600:Cislunar Explorers
1061:
733:– proposed out-of-
691:
672:
568:inner Solar System
560:
517:December 15, 1960
462:November 26, 1959
352:
344:
336:
70:United States Army
5820:
5819:
5779:Goldstone Complex
5734:Canceled missions
5713:Proposed missions
5530:Mars Polar Lander
5182:
5181:
5095:stolen or missing
4892:uncrewed missions
4870:Apollo astronauts
4865:Gemini astronauts
4783:
4782:
4567:2001 Mars Odyssey
4342:
4341:
4218:Mars Surveyor '98
4176:
4175:
4119: (with
4052:Human spaceflight
4046:
4045:
4004:Launch Complex 48
3999:Launch Complex 39
3751:
3750:
3642:
3641:
3536:
3535:
3481:
3480:
3287:
3286:
3199:
3198:
2975:
2974:
2821:Lunar Mission One
2778:#dearMoon project
2751:
2750:
2633:
2632:
2478:Lunar Trailblazer
2367:
2366:
1809:Moon Impact Probe
1536:
1535:
1200:
1199:
921:Mark Wolverton's
521:
520:
426:November 8, 1958
407:October 11, 1958
279:extraterrestrials
237:, two to explore
218:
217:
183:Launch vehicle(s)
5852:
5682:Planned missions
5673:Lunar Flashlight
5284:Keck observatory
5223:Current missions
5209:
5202:
5195:
5186:
5170:
5169:
5158:
5157:
4996:Fallen Astronaut
4637:Van Allen Probes
4357:
4263:Mars Exploration
4188:
4059:
3827:Space Task Group
3799:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3602:Mars Exploration
3585:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3540:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3421:(2023, en route)
3303:
3208:
3087:
3075:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2979:
2644:
2594:Lunar Pathfinder
2378:
2274:Lunar Flashlight
1761:Lunar Prospector
1547:
1428:(service module)
1400:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1038:Pioneer P-31 (Z)
1033:Pioneer P-30 (Y)
969:
962:
955:
946:
899:
898:
896:
894:
888:
881:
873:
867:
866:
864:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
831:
805:Surveyor program
388:August 17, 1958
354:
222:Pioneer programs
160:Partial failures
45:Program overview
33:
26:
21:Pioneers Program
5860:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5835:Pioneer program
5825:
5824:
5821:
5816:
5793:
5752:
5729:
5708:
5677:
5524:Mars Pathfinder
5401:Cassini-Huygens
5388:
5368:Voyager program
5218:
5213:
5183:
5178:
5146:
5046:
5037:Mission patches
5012:Pioneer plaques
4975:Mystic Mountain
4952:Family Portrait
4945:The Blue Marble
4929:
4923:
4897:Apollo missions
4838:
4790:
4779:
4746:
4551:
4545:
4382:Mercury-Atlas 6
4352:
4348:
4338:
4272:
4208:Mariner Mark II
4172:
4153:Commercial Crew
4131:
4054:
4042:
4026:Mission Control
3925:Astronaut Corps
3920:Chief Scientist
3898:
3803:
3787:
3782:
3752:
3747:
3734:
3720:Mariner Mark II
3703:
3659:Lunar Precursor
3638:
3576:
3567:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3502:
3477:
3432:
3407:
3387:Voyager program
3359:Pioneer program
3338:Galileo project
3332:Cassini–Huygens
3319:
3298:
3296:
3283:
3250:
3227:
3195:
3149:
3116:
3076:
3067:
3024:
3011:
3006:
2976:
2971:
2956:
2927:Lunar resources
2885:
2757:
2747:
2708:
2639:
2629:
2558:
2533:
2484:
2452:
2373:
2363:
2198:
2190:(Chandrayaan-2)
2121:Failed landings
2116:
2036:
2012:(Chandrayaan-3)
1950:
1937:(Chandrayaan-3)
1838:
1785:
1736:Lunar Orbiter 1
1605:
1550:Crewed landings
1542:
1532:
1516:
1500:
1474:
1449:
1395:
1389:
1281:Lunar Precursor
1248:
1240:
1231:
1201:
1196:
1187:Pioneer anomaly
1148:
1120:
1062:
1050:
1028:Pioneer P-3 (X)
1023:Pioneer P-1 (W)
978:
976:Pioneer program
973:
908:
903:
902:
892:
890:
886:
879:
875:
874:
870:
862:
858:
857:
853:
844:
842:
833:
832:
828:
823:
815:Voyager program
795:Pioneer anomaly
790:Mariner program
786:
750:
744:
715:(Pioneer G) –
699:(Pioneer F) –
644:
599:
580:Voyager program
549:
540:escape velocity
526:
479:March 11, 1960
360:Alternate Names
328:
300:escape velocity
296:
287:
275:a golden plaque
267:escape velocity
265:to achieve the
214:
128:August 17, 1958
117:
100:Program history
79:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5858:
5856:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5744:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5689:Europa Clipper
5685:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5653:
5646:
5644:TOPEX/Poseidon
5641:
5636:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5596:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5552:
5539:
5532:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5507:
5500:
5495:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5312:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5234:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5164:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5132:Astronauts Day
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4948:
4941:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4791:and navigation
4789:Communications
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4769:Europa Clipper
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4528:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4472:
4465:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4354:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4223:New Millennium
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4111:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4065:
4063:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3811:
3809:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3730:Voyager (Mars)
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:New Millennium
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3447:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:Europa Clipper
3422:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3335:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3307:
3300:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3223:Solar eclipses
3220:
3214:
3212:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3191:Pasiphae group
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3041:Great Red Spot
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2826:Lunar Observer
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2384:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1160:Pioneer plaque
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1128:
1126:
1125:Venus missions
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1067:Later missions
1064:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
986:
984:
983:Early missions
980:
979:
974:
972:
971:
964:
957:
949:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
918:
907:
906:External links
904:
901:
900:
889:on 14 May 2010
868:
851:
825:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
800:Ranger program
797:
792:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
757:
746:Main article:
743:
740:
739:
738:
728:
708:
680:Pioneer plaque
664:(purple) and
643:
640:
631:
630:
627:
620:
617:
614:
603:6, 7, 8, and 9
598:
595:
548:
545:
544:
543:
533:
525:
522:
519:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
481:
480:
477:
475:
473:
470:
464:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
446:
445:
442:
440:
437:
434:
428:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
409:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
327:
324:
295:
294:Early missions
292:
286:
283:
273:, and carried
216:
215:
213:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
186:
184:
180:
179:
175:
174:
169:
168:Launch site(s)
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
134:
130:
129:
123:
119:
118:
116:
115:
112:
108:
106:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
78:
77:
72:
67:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5857:
5846:
5845:NASA programs
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5823:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Europa Lander
5718:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5517:Mars Observer
5514:
5511:
5510:Mars Cube One
5508:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:Past missions
5391:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5198:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5175:
5174:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5142:Nikon NASA F4
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:NASA insignia
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Lunar plaques
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4959:Pale Blue Dot
4956:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4887:NASA missions
4885:
4883:
4882:NASA aircraft
4880:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:Space Network
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4786:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:Space Shuttle
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:New Frontiers
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:Lunar Orbiter
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4168:Lunar Gateway
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4127:Constellation
4125:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4109:Space Shuttle
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:NASA research
3945:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3774:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Lunar Orbiter
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:New Frontiers
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3571:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Himalia group
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Magnetosphere
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:Lunar Gateway
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Lunar IceCube
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2042:Sample return
2039:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:Chandrayaan-3
1663:
1661:
1660:Chandrayaan-1
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:Chandrayaan-2
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:Lunar Orbiter
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
981:
977:
970:
965:
963:
958:
956:
951:
950:
947:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
924:
919:
917:
913:
910:
909:
905:
885:
878:
872:
869:
861:
855:
852:
840:
836:
830:
827:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
749:
742:Venus project
741:
736:
732:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
709:
706:
702:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
685:
681:
676:
669:
668:
663:
662:
657:
653:
648:
641:
639:
636:
628:
625:
621:
618:
615:
612:
611:
610:
608:
607:space weather
604:
596:
594:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
557:
553:
546:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
523:
516:
513:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
478:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
461:
459:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
425:
422:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
382:Lunar orbiter
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
348:
340:
332:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:space weather
231:
227:
226:United States
223:
211:
210:Atlas-Centaur
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
185:
181:
176:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:Pioneer Venus
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
60:
56:
53:United States
52:
48:
43:
38:
32:
27:
22:
5822:
5649:
5627:
5592:
5576:
5570:
5555:
5547:
5534:
5522:
5515:
5502:
5491:
5459:
5445:
5429:Deep Space 2
5427:
5422:Deep Space 1
5420:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5379:
5372:
5324:
5315:
5308:Perseverance
5307:
5296:Mars Odyssey
5294:
5277:
5269:
5236:
5229:
5172:
5160:
4994:
4987:
4981:
4973:
4966:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4767:
4716:Perseverance
4715:
4677:
4670:
4647:
4607:
4590:
4574:New Horizons
4572:
4565:
4558:
4531:
4523:
4499:
4487:
4480:
4467:
4455:
4447:
4408:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4232:
4115:
4099:Apollo–Soyuz
3678:
3469:
3449:
3424:
3398:
3391:
3379:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3353:New Horizons
3351:
3342:
3330:
3312:
3181:Ananke group
2965:
2816:Lunar Lander
2803:
2776:
2764:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2620:(late 2020s)
2446:Artemis VIII
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2224:Chang'e 5-T1
2216:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1851:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1426:Chang'e 5-T1
1339:South Korean
1285:
1165:Eric Burgess
1113:
1106:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1043:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
975:
922:
891:. Retrieved
884:the original
871:
854:
843:. Retrieved
839:NASA History
838:
829:
710:
694:
687:
683:
665:
659:
655:
651:
632:
623:
600:
592:
561:
555:
504:Pioneer P-31
485:Pioneer P-30
357:Mission Name
322:, and NASA.
297:
288:
256:
250:
230:space probes
221:
219:
122:First flight
58:Organization
36:
5556:Opportunity
5415:Deep Impact
5002:Deep fields
4930:and artwork
4928:NASA images
4500:Opportunity
3969:NASA Social
3795:and history
3293:Exploration
3246:Trojan camp
3186:Carme group
2846:OrbitBeyond
2756:Cancelled /
2624:Argonaut M1
2582:Beresheet 2
2570:Hakuto-R M2
2438:Artemis VII
2406:Artemis III
2244:Longjiang-1
2138:Hakuto-R M1
1701:Longjiang-2
1676:Explorer 35
1320:Chandrayaan
1246:Exploration
1175:Frank Drake
511:Lunar probe
492:Lunar probe
450:Pioneer P-3
432:Pioneer P-1
139:August 1978
133:Last flight
5829:Categories
5452:spacecraft
5318:helicopter
5090:Moon rocks
4850:Astronauts
4843:NASA lists
4700:OSIRIS-REx
4534:helicopter
4402:Pioneer 11
4395:Pioneer 10
4198:Hitchhiker
4073:suborbital
3910:Space Race
3715:Grand Tour
3372:Pioneer 11
3365:Pioneer 10
3241:Greek camp
3036:Atmosphere
2856:Prospector
2831:Lunokhod 3
2704:Moon Diver
2699:McCandless
2612:MoonRanger
2430:Artemis VI
2414:Artemis IV
2391:Artemis II
2289:Mariner 10
2178:Surveyor 2
2173:OMOTENASHI
1992:Lunokhod 1
1910:Surveyor 1
1671:Clementine
1170:Carl Sagan
1115:Pioneer 11
1108:Pioneer 10
845:2006-10-16
821:References
712:Pioneer 11
696:Pioneer 10
656:Pioneer 11
652:Pioneer 10
588:Multiprobe
258:Pioneer 11
252:Pioneer 10
195:Atlas-Able
5435:Explorers
5381:Voyager 2
5374:Voyager 1
5316:Ingenuity
5302:Mars 2020
5117:Moon tree
4938:Earthrise
4813:Goldstone
4710:Mars 2020
4679:Voyager 2
4672:Voyager 1
4608:Curiosity
4552:operating
4550:Currently
4532:Ingenuity
4469:MESSENGER
4448:Sojourner
4377:Mercury 3
4367:Apollo 11
4314:Discovery
4304:Explorers
3893:Augustine
3857:Augustine
3708:Cancelled
3647:Completed
3612:Discovery
3498:Mythology
3464:Tianwen-4
3444:Laplace-P
3400:Voyager 2
3393:Voyager 1
3204:Astronomy
3154:Irregular
3029:Geography
2871:Ukrselena
2721:DSE-Alpha
2679:Garatéa-L
2669:Blue Moon
2664:Artemis-7
2588:ispace M3
2553:Chang'e 8
2547:Chang'e 7
2490:Luna-Glob
2422:Artemis V
2304:Pioneer 4
2294:NEA Scout
2269:LunaH-Map
2218:Apollo 13
2128:Beresheet
2107:Chang'e 5
2051:Apollo 11
1970:Apollo 15
1860:Chang'e 5
1791:Impactors
1645:Chang'e 1
1640:Artemis I
1558:Apollo 11
1486:Chang'e 3
1442:Queqiao 1
1356:Luna-Glob
1192:Pioneer H
1102:Pioneer E
1096:Pioneer 9
1089:Pioneer 8
1082:Pioneer 7
1075:Pioneer 6
1044:Pioneer 5
1017:Pioneer 4
1010:Pioneer 3
1003:Pioneer 2
996:Pioneer 1
990:Pioneer 0
731:Pioneer H
667:Voyager 2
661:Voyager 1
658:(green),
609:network:
536:Pioneer 4
530:Pioneer 3
468:Pioneer 5
413:Pioneer 2
394:Pioneer 1
375:Pioneer 0
190:Thor-Able
144:Successes
126:Pioneer 0
114:1965–1992
111:1958–1960
95:Completed
5634:Surveyor
5628:Stardust
5582:QuikSCAT
5492:Magellan
5471:Herschel
5265:GRACE-FO
5244:ACRIMSAT
5161:Category
4823:Canberra
4735:timeline
4723:timeline
4659:timeline
4615:timeline
4512:observed
4507:timeline
4475:Aquarius
4415:timeline
4388:Magellan
4350:missions
4248:Surveyor
4184:programs
4114:Shuttle–
4055:programs
3887:Aldridge
3806:creation
3694:Surveyor
3575:programs
3516:Category
3437:Proposed
3299:missions
3176:Valetudo
3166:Themisto
3145:Callisto
3140:Ganymede
3122:Galilean
3107:Amalthea
3102:Adrastea
2866:SELENE-2
2841:MoonRise
2836:MoonLITE
2758:concepts
2684:ISOCHRON
2640:missions
2638:Proposed
2374:missions
2309:Ranger 5
1941:EagleCam
1814:Ranger 4
1618:Apollo 8
1610:Orbiters
1543:missions
1528:ArgoMoon
1460:Tiandu-1
1415:CAPSTONE
1403:Orbiters
1396:missions
1378:Lunokhod
1327:Japanese
1296:Surveyor
1256:American
1249:programs
784:See also
735:ecliptic
654:(blue),
152:Failures
105:Duration
37:Pioneers
5769:Caltech
5749:(MAX-C)
5725:FINESSE
5704:SPHEREx
5650:Ulysses
5593:Rosetta
5577:Pioneer
5571:Phoenix
5512:(MarCO)
5498:Mariner
5481:Jason-1
5460:Genesis
5446:Galileo
5271:InSight
5173:Commons
5051:Related
4860:by year
4855:by name
4632:GOES 15
4622:GOES 14
4539:flights
4525:InSight
4481:Cassini
4409:Galileo
4334:SIMPLEx
4309:Voyager
4277:Current
4233:Pioneer
4203:Mariner
4182:Robotic
4163:Artemis
4136:Current
4079:Mercury
4071: (
3964:NASA TV
3903:General
3802:History
3679:Pioneer
3664:Mariner
3634:Voyager
3493:Fiction
3486:Related
3451:Shensuo
3381:Ulysses
3344:Galileo
3306:Current
3297:orbital
3256:Impacts
3233:Trojans
3211:General
3009:Jupiter
2966:italics
2890:Related
2811:Lunar-A
2689:LunaNet
2647:Robotic
2614:(2020s)
2608:(2020s)
2602:(2020s)
2576:DESTINY
2530:(2030s)
2528:Luna 31
2524:(2030s)
2522:Luna 30
2518:(2030s)
2516:Luna 29
2510:Luna 28
2504:Luna 27
2498:Luna 26
2474:(2025)
2382:Artemis
2372:Planned
2234:Galileo
2229:Geotail
2092:Luna 16
2032:Jinchan
1844:Landers
1776:SMART-1
1706:Luna 10
1479:Landers
1470:ICUBE-Q
1422:Orbiter
1410:ARTEMIS
1351:Russian
1308:Chang'e
1303:Chinese
1286:Pioneer
1266:Artemis
1236:to the
1153:Related
717:Jupiter
701:Jupiter
572:Jupiter
558:10 / 11
556:Pioneer
366:Outcome
239:Jupiter
205:Delta E
200:Juno II
84:Purpose
50:Country
5669:(WIRE)
5663:(WFPC)
5656:Viking
5606:(SRTM)
5599:Seasat
5587:Ranger
5548:Spirit
5486:Kepler
5353:(SMAP)
5347:(MISR)
5256:(AIRS)
5238:Psyche
5231:Euclid
4818:Madrid
4751:Future
4666:NuSTAR
4597:THEMIS
4519:RHESSI
4456:Spirit
4253:Viking
4243:Ranger
4094:Skylab
4089:Apollo
4084:Gemini
3942:Budget
3895:(2009)
3889:(2004)
3883:(2004)
3877:(2003)
3871:(2002)
3869:CFUSAI
3865:(1996)
3859:(1990)
3853:(1989)
3847:(1987)
3841:(1986)
3839:Rogers
3835:(1986)
3829:(1958)
3823:(1958)
3817:(1915)
3793:Policy
3699:Viking
3689:Ranger
3581:Active
3474:(2030)
3466:(2029)
3460:(2026)
3454:(2024)
3446:(2023)
3429:(2024)
3412:Future
3135:Europa
2766:Altair
2713:Crewed
2626:(2031)
2596:(2026)
2590:(2026)
2584:(2025)
2578:(2025)
2572:(2024)
2563:Others
2555:(2028)
2549:(2026)
2512:(2030)
2506:(2028)
2500:(2027)
2468:(2024)
2449:(2033)
2441:(2032)
2433:(2031)
2425:(2030)
2417:(2028)
2409:(2026)
2394:(2025)
2359:PAS-22
2334:Zond 3
2314:STEREO
2299:Nozomi
2249:Luna 1
2204:Flybys
2188:Vikram
2143:Luna 5
2026:Sora-Q
1956:Rovers
1935:Vikram
1870:Luna 9
1804:Luna 2
1799:LCROSS
1521:Flybys
1512:Yutu-2
1505:Rovers
1432:Danuri
1394:Active
1368:Crewed
1363:Soviet
1344:Danuri
1315:Indian
1291:Ranger
1261:Apollo
925:online
893:7 July
721:Saturn
576:Saturn
285:Naming
243:Saturn
92:Status
5743:(AFL)
5639:SVLBI
5618:(SIR)
5612:(SME)
5565:NSCAT
5558:rover
5550:rover
5466:GRACE
5440:GALEX
5359:(TES)
5341:(MLS)
5335:(MSL)
5329:(MRO)
5310:rover
5291:(LBT)
5249:ASTER
4763:NISAR
4718:rover
4690:MAVEN
4610:rover
4591:Swift
4502:rover
4463:LADEE
4458:rover
4450:rover
4427:GRAIL
4422:GALEX
4213:MESUR
4158:Orion
3959:NASA+
3935:Chief
3833:Paine
3669:MESUR
3471:SMARA
3171:Carpo
3112:Thebe
3097:Metis
3090:Inner
3082:Moons
3053:Rings
2881:VIPER
2674:BOLAS
2659:ALINA
2284:LunIR
2022:LEV-2
2017:LEV-1
1771:PFS-2
1766:PFS-1
1696:LADEE
1691:Hiten
1686:GRAIL
1046:(P-2)
887:(PDF)
880:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
369:Date
247:Venus
5764:NASA
5476:IRAS
5408:Dawn
5363:SWOT
5278:Juno
4742:PACE
4685:WISE
4648:Juno
4488:Dawn
4432:WMAP
4372:COBE
4360:Past
4191:Past
4069:X-15
4062:Past
3875:CAIB
3845:Ride
3815:NACA
3785:NASA
3570:NASA
3324:Past
3314:Juno
2876:XL-1
2606:CU-E
2539:CLEP
2472:IM-2
2458:CLPS
2329:Wind
2324:WMAP
2319:TESS
2002:Yutu
1946:IM-1
1541:Past
1496:SLIM
1383:Zond
1373:Luna
1271:CLPS
1238:Moon
895:2017
686:and
678:The
586:and
574:and
363:Type
320:Army
312:NACA
308:NASA
304:Moon
255:and
241:and
220:The
75:NASA
4695:MMS
4116:Mir
2799:LEO
2239:ICE
914:by
5831::
3130:Io
2805:LK
2212:4M
2168:25
2163:18
2158:15
2102:24
2097:20
2086:17
2079:16
2072:15
2065:14
2058:12
1984:17
1977:16
1905:24
1900:23
1895:21
1890:20
1885:17
1880:16
1875:13
1856:Ă—6
1731:22
1726:19
1721:14
1716:12
1711:11
1681:49
1625:10
1593:17
1586:16
1579:15
1572:14
1565:12
837:.
723:,
719:,
703:,
688:11
684:10
635:AU
318:,
155:10
5208:e
5201:t
5194:v
5061:"
5057:"
4830:)
4811:(
4123:)
4105:)
4075:)
3808:)
3804:(
3777:e
3770:t
3763:v
3562:e
3555:t
3548:v
3295:,
3001:e
2994:t
2987:v
2968:.
2354:8
2349:7
2344:6
2339:5
2264:6
2259:4
2254:3
2183:4
2153:8
2148:7
2112:6
2028:)
2024:(
1997:2
1930:7
1925:6
1920:5
1915:3
1865:6
1834:9
1829:8
1824:7
1819:6
1756:5
1751:4
1746:3
1741:2
1655:5
1650:2
1602:)
1598:(
1491:4
1465:2
1455:2
1451:)
1448:2
1446:L
1226:e
1219:t
1212:v
968:e
961:t
954:v
897:.
865:.
848:.
626:)
163:1
147:9
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
