294:
394:, having exclusively fulfilled Britain's wartime requirements and even managing to expand its export activities. While there was no reintroduction of the pre-war quota arrangements and its historic undertakings with individual merchants were abandoned during 1950, the company still entered an export agreement with its competitors in the European mainland. Further reforms to its business practices were made in response to the enactment of the
649:, which had previously built up a 20 percent stake in the business by 2002. The initial bid and the first revised bid were not accepted, however, on 16 February 2006, NSG increased its offer for the 80 percent it did not already own to 165 pence per share (£1.8 billion or $ 3.14 billion in total) and this was accepted by Pilkington's major institutional shareholders, enabling NSG to compulsorily acquire by
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through a network of licensing agreements with glass manufacturers around the world. The modern "float" technique (pouring the molten glass on a layer of very pure molten tin) became commercially widespread when
Alastair Pilkington developed a practical version, patented in the late 1950s and early
284:
that released other businesses from several licensing terms. In late 2005, the company received an initial takeover bid from NSG; a second and more generous bid was accepted by
Pilkington's key shareholders. The acquisition was completed during June 2006; the combined company has since competed for
613:
Electro Optics which was renamed
Pilkington Thorn Optronics. Three years later, Thomson-CSF purchased another 40% of Pilkington Optronics from Pilkington and the remainder in 2000 to make it a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2000, Thomson-CSF was renamed Thales and Pilkington Optronics Ltd. became
453:
report in 1967, concluded that
Pilkington and Triplex operations were efficient and entrepreneurial and, despite their high share of the UK glass trade, operated in a manner suited to consumers' best interests. At the time, the majority of the company's shareholding was largely in the hands of
513:, a large British-based conglomerate group, which valued the company at $ 1.64 billion. Pilington's management rejected the offer and fought a successful defensive campaign in which various politicians took sides in the matter, thus BTR was compelled to withdraw its offer in February 1987.
570:
Pilkington from enforcing these restrictions against its US licensees, or against US non-licensees, or against non-US licensees wishing to export either technology or glass products to the United States. The agreement came into force on 22 December 1994, and expired ten years later.
47:
328:. The company grew to become the biggest employer in St Helens. The distinctive blue-glass head office tower block on Alexandra Business Park, off Prescot Road, originally used as the firm's world headquarters, and completed in 1964, still dominates the town's skyline.
421:
by numerous manufacturers around the world. Amongst other benefits, these licensing arrangements often helped the company to further its interests, including the expansion of its presence in the
European market and even gaining stakes in other manufacturers.
653:
the smaller holdings of other shareholders, many of them being existing and retired employees, who had not wished to support the takeover. The combined company would compete for global leadership in the glass industry with the leading
Japanese glassmaker
553:
by exercising control over the markets in which its licensees could sell float glass and construct float-glass manufacturing plants, and over the customers within each market to which each licensee could serve. It was claimed this was a violation of the
541:
had tried to challenge
Pilkington's dominance but had made a secret agreement to prevent new entrants into the market, with Guardian taking the lead to enable Pilkington, a British company, to reduce its exposure to United States antitrust law.
350:
Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, the company struck a series of market agreements with various domestic and
European glass manufacturers of varying effectiveness. European competitors, particularly those based in
2207:
429:
to finance its investments in float glass plants across several countries, including
Argentina, Australia, Canada and Sweden, and also to acquire major existing flat and safety glass producers and plants in the United States
386:
each other; furthermore, Pilkington agreed to purchase any shares in the firm that Chance's owners wished to sell, thus it gradually built up a sizable stake in the firm. In 1951, Chance became wholly owned by
Pilkington.
2172:
3473:
5320:
984:
3144:
355:, had applied considerable competitive pressure to Britain's glass making industry; Pilkington was less susceptible due to a strong focus on exports and international developments throughout the
1274:
2165:
324:
The company was founded in 1826 as a partnership between members of the Pilkington and Greenall families, based in St Helens, Lancashire, England. The venture used the trading name of
5325:
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5310:
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241:. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Pilkington invested heavily into its manufacturing sites and acquired numerous overseas competitors. It also became a major world supplier of
5340:
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stated that it would not be opposed. At the time of the merger, Pilkington and NSG had been the second- and third-largest glass manufacturers in the world, respectively.
537:
Although the patents had expired by the early 1980s, Pilkington had licensed their use, and required the licensees to keep the details of the float glass process secret.
2241:
1444:
5279:
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which it might have had in the process used by the licensees had long since become publicly known. On the same day, the US government and Pilkington filed a proposed
992:
792:
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imposed a fine of €357 million on Pilkington, along with three other glass manufacturers, for its part in a five-year price-fixing scheme used in car windscreens.
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leadership failed to provide any support, as they were too closely bound to management and government circles, with the result that strike leaders were
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225:, fulfilling all wartime demands and emerged in a relatively strong position in the conflict's aftermath. During the 1950s, Pilkington employees
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1960s. As Pilkington plc owned all but one of the manufacturing plants around the world employing the float process, Pilkington had a
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in 1894. In 1903, it became the sole British manufacturer of plate glass as well as the dominant producer of sheet glass. After the
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417:, avoiding the costly need to grind and polish plate glass to make it clear. Pilkington allowed the float process to be used
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658:, which had around a quarter of the global market at the time of the deal. Pilkington had 19% and NSG around half that.
198:, the company gradually grew to become the largest employer in St Helens, where it was originally based. It was renamed
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31:
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in 1845 following the ending of the partnership with the Greenall family, the business continued to expand, becoming
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1971:
724:
coated float glass product, called Pilkington Activ. This self-cleaning glass has a coating which uses a method of
347:. In 1903, it became the sole British manufacturer of plate glass as well as the dominant producer of sheet glass.
1182:
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5243:
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4278:
4184:
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363:. The company also invested heavily into its manufacturing capabilities, such as a new plate glass works outside
5089:
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2099:
1607:
1562:
623:
336:
207:
1379:
923:
825:
498:, although the BBC insisted on a change in the name and location of the company, so that the film is set at a
264:; prior to this, the firm had been owned by a combination of descendants of the Pilkington family and several
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during 1970, sparked off by an error in wage packets, brought 8,000 workers out for nearly two months. The
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mirrors and structures business of Thales Optronics Limited to GSI Group Inc. for an undisclosed amount.
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1936:
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76:
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1911:
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which it successfully warded off. During the 1990s, amid allegations that Pilkington had organised a
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1989:
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Following the departure from the partnership of the last Greenall in 1845, the firm was renamed as
234:
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In November 2006, Thales Optronics Limited announced the closure of its manufacturing facility in
619:
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1999:
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609:
Thomson-CSF acquired 50% of Pilkington Optronics in 1991. In 1995, Pilkington Optronics acquired
374:, Pilkington was one of only two large glass manufacturers remaining in Britain, the other being
340:
214:, Pilkington was one of only two large glass manufacturers remaining in Britain, the other being
180:
140:
3890:
2821:
1497:
438:, in which it gradually acquired a controlling interest, also became a major world supplier of
5219:
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3552:
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3032:
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2670:
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2150:
2129:
1956:
1946:
1941:
1802:
1792:
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1383:
1161:
1098:
1077:
1035:
701:
488:. Anti-union legislation was introduced by central government. These events were recreated in
473:
431:
280:
due to its hold on the float glass market, the US government and Pilkington filed a proposed
5179:
5151:
4975:
4842:
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to break down organic dirt with sunlight. The dirt is then washed away by the rain during a
687:
615:
506:
455:
410:
391:
269:
265:
222:
378:, which mostly produced cast glass. The two companies formed various agreements during the
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4736:
4711:
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4037:
3885:
3875:
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3688:
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2841:
2751:
2720:
2710:
2630:
2450:
2378:
2328:
2256:
2094:
2089:
2024:
1966:
1951:
1747:
1527:
1482:
1204:
870:
595:
426:
379:
375:
371:
238:
215:
211:
2134:
1797:
1256:
590:
formed a new subsidiary, Pilkington Optronics, in order to group together the company's
46:
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5158:
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4591:
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4411:
4239:
4170:
4077:
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3577:
3037:
2980:
2963:
2805:
2781:
2735:
2690:
2625:
2581:
2470:
2430:
2338:
1994:
1807:
1752:
1732:
1657:
1642:
1517:
1502:
1467:
725:
563:
510:
439:
356:
281:
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242:
188:
135:
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4613:
4581:
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4285:
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4057:
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3825:
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3673:
3668:
3663:
3628:
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2913:
2836:
2786:
2650:
2645:
2596:
2576:
2556:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2104:
2074:
2054:
2039:
2004:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1876:
1812:
1712:
1667:
1652:
1547:
1060:
360:
310:
1353:
5144:
4949:
4944:
4897:
4827:
4802:
4689:
4601:
4477:
4204:
4155:
4116:
3790:
3718:
3567:
3562:
3073:
3042:
3000:
2995:
2938:
2923:
2660:
2571:
2551:
2546:
2515:
2475:
2333:
2268:
2192:
2079:
2069:
2049:
2009:
1961:
1906:
1886:
1757:
1677:
1532:
1477:
1472:
603:
559:
526:
485:
1300:
901:
645:
In late 2005, the company received a takeover bid from a bigger Japanese company,
1019:
5040:
5005:
4852:
4847:
4751:
4716:
4618:
4606:
4596:
4542:
4527:
4452:
4327:
4214:
3987:
3870:
3770:
3765:
3063:
3015:
2948:
2796:
2756:
2730:
2635:
2505:
2455:
2425:
2034:
2019:
1931:
1921:
1817:
1577:
1371:
985:"International Technologies Consultants Inc v Pilkington Plc, Case No. 94-17143"
729:
655:
406:
390:
Pilkington found itself in a relatively strong position in the aftermath of the
230:
175:, England. It includes several legal entities in the UK, and is a subsidiary of
65:
17:
305:
5250:
5200:
4990:
4721:
4684:
4557:
4512:
4391:
4359:
4266:
4219:
4067:
4052:
3735:
3643:
3582:
3154:
2908:
2816:
2665:
2655:
2566:
2490:
2480:
2435:
2368:
2288:
2246:
2064:
1632:
708:
567:
218:; the firm gradually expanded its stake in Chance, fully acquired it in 1951.
172:
97:
5130:
5015:
4970:
4934:
4917:
4317:
4295:
4042:
3997:
3760:
3607:
3068:
2928:
2771:
2675:
2465:
2383:
2348:
2308:
2303:
2119:
2044:
2029:
1787:
1772:
1692:
1612:
1587:
1567:
1537:
634:
610:
591:
489:
364:
1422:
5010:
5000:
4882:
4761:
4679:
4567:
4386:
4290:
4027:
3952:
3830:
3337:
3169:
2953:
2460:
2231:
1099:"Glassmakers fined record €1.4bn for price-fixing by European regulators"
602:. Pilkington PE later became Thales Optics Ltd., which was divested from
531:
298:
4912:
4771:
4532:
4376:
4366:
4133:
4121:
4017:
4002:
3982:
3755:
3545:
3010:
2856:
2531:
2415:
2353:
2343:
2263:
2236:
2139:
2114:
2014:
1647:
1557:
1552:
1522:
945:
630:
599:
594:
businesses: Pilkington PE located in North Wales (formed in 1966), and
352:
316:
5045:
4907:
4817:
4746:
3678:
3597:
3511:
3327:
2958:
2846:
2791:
2536:
2363:
2273:
2226:
1767:
1662:
633:, Somerset, with the loss of 180 jobs. In June 2007, Thales sold the
550:
522:
277:
237:
for many other manufacturers to use this new process in exchange for
168:
1275:"NSG to proceed with recommended cash acquisition of Pilkington plc"
1055:
Professions and Intellectual Property Section, Antitrust Division,
1014:
Professions and Intellectual Property Section, Antitrust Division,
4781:
4261:
4082:
3992:
3805:
3557:
3164:
2933:
2358:
2323:
2124:
2084:
2059:
1707:
1582:
1512:
499:
315:
304:
292:
176:
1062:
Final Judgment: US v. Pilkington plc and Pilkington Holdings Inc.
622:, a British reconnaissance equipment manufacturer, including the
3214:
2278:
3455:
2154:
1426:
4694:
4337:
4145:
1412:
425:
During the 1960s and 1970s, Pilkington used the flow of float
414:
151:
626:, who now operate as Thales Optronics (Bury St Edmunds) Ltd.
122:
Glass and glazing solutions for automotive and architectural.
1405:
1021:
Complaint: US v. Pilkington plc and Pilkington Holdings Inc.
183:(NSG). It was formerly an independent company listed on the
405:(no family relation) and Kenneth Bickerstaff invented the
229:(no family relation) and Kenneth Bickerstaff invented the
549:
filed suit on the grounds that Pilkington had created a
434:), Germany and France. Pilkington, with its subsidiary
5321:
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
661:
The acquisition was completed in June 2006, after the
446:
to the automotive, aerospace and building industries.
3125:
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
1315:"Case No COMP/M.4173 – Nippon Sheet Glass/Pilkington"
409:
process, a revolutionary method of high-quality flat
3195:
Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
1231:"GSI Group buys Thales Optronics beryllium business"
989:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
5108:
5063:
4958:
4870:
4795:
4672:
4661:
4430:
4104:
4091:
3913:
3616:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3361:
3313:
3143:
3090:
3051:
2896:
2889:
2744:
2618:
2609:
2524:
2403:
2392:
2215:
2206:
1980:
1849:
1831:
1458:
1250:
1248:
1118:"Pilkington loses appeal against €357m cartel fine"
558:, because Pilkington's patents had expired and any
367:in 1922, and introduced new production techniques.
167:is a glass-manufacturing company which is based in
146:
134:
126:
118:
108:
91:
83:
71:
61:
53:
683:1932–1949: Geoffrey Langton Pilkington (1885–1972)
1418:Pilkington energiKare – Energy Efficient Glazing
680:1921–1931: Richard Austin Pilkington (1871–1951)
677:1914–1921: Arthur Richard Pilkington (1871–1921)
268:. In late 1985, Pilkington was the subject of a
3425:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
3235:Electrical Contractors' Association of Scotland
413:by floating molten glass over a bath of molten
5326:Former defence companies of the United Kingdom
4981:British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association
3323:Association for Environment Conscious Building
505:In late 1985, Pilkington was the subject of a
454:various descendants of the original owners or
5226:Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
3467:
3275:National Federation of Demolition Contractors
3265:National Access and Scaffolding Confederation
2166:
1438:
1340:"History of Pilkington PLC – FundingUniverse"
8:
3160:British Constructional Steelwork Association
1082:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1040:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
826:"Former Pilkington HQ on the market for £7m"
401:Between 1953 and 1957, Pilkington employees
39:
5311:Manufacturing companies established in 1826
5301:Glassmaking companies of the United Kingdom
3100:Chief Construction Adviser to UK Government
2182:Construction industry of the United Kingdom
930:. 21 November 1986 – via NYTimes.com.
5231:Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
4669:
4101:
3530:
3517:
3474:
3460:
3452:
3384:Building regulations in the United Kingdom
2893:
2615:
2400:
2212:
2173:
2159:
2151:
1445:
1431:
1423:
787:
785:
783:
781:
221:The company performed strongly during the
45:
38:
5341:British subsidiaries of foreign companies
4008:Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
3483:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
3399:Development control in the United Kingdom
3200:Civil Engineering Contractors Association
3175:Building Engineering Services Association
1718:Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano
960:"Pilkington wins its war of independence"
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
285:global leadership of the glass industry.
57:Subsidiary to Nippon Sheet Glass of Japan
3290:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
382:to share the domestic market and to not
297:Pilkington Floatglass former factory in
745:
618:. Soon afterward, Thomson-CSF acquired
5100:Vehicle & Operator Services Agency
1376:The Glassmakers: Pilkington: 1826–1976
1157:Directory of multinationals – Volume 2
1135:Rolston Gordon Communications (2005).
1075:
1033:
887:
871:"The end of a long era for Pilkington"
842:
752:
598:(acquired in 1977) which was based in
521:Pilkington aggressively protected its
5336:British companies established in 1826
5085:Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency
3115:Infrastructure and Projects Authority
1841:List of defunct glassmaking companies
7:
5275:
3369:British Construction Industry Awards
3343:Energy efficiency in British housing
1116:Hirst, Nicholas (18 December 2014).
793:"Competition Commission Report 1967"
396:Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956
3494:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
3300:Society of Construction Arbitrators
3260:Institution of Structural Engineers
3230:Electrical Contractors' Association
2867:Sir Lindsay Parkinson & Company
1205:"Defence jobs to be cut from depot"
1181:Royal Aeronautical Society (1995).
1057:United States Department of Justice
1016:United States Department of Justice
547:United States Department of Justice
478:General and Municipal Workers Union
3130:National Infrastructure Commission
2777:Cleveland Bridge & Engineering
1354:"Eco glass cleans itself with Sun"
1277:. 27 February 2006. Archived from
973:BTR withdraws offer for Pilkington
900:Williams, John (4 November 2010).
824:Rennie, Sophie (8 November 2023).
25:
3220:Construction Products Association
3105:Department for Business and Trade
1301:"Pilkington in Japanese takeover"
962:. building.co.uk. 1 January 2006.
606:in December 2005 as Qioptiq Ltd.
5274:
5265:
5264:
3436:
3435:
3305:Strategic Forum for Construction
3190:Centre for Digital Built Britain
335:. During 1894, the business was
320:A trailer with Pilkington livery
249:via its controlling interest in
5207:Institute of Advanced Motorists
3634:Alternative Chassis Engineering
3588:London Electric Vehicle Company
3280:National House Building Council
3270:National Federation of Builders
3185:Chartered Institute of Building
3180:Building Research Establishment
1255:Tran, Mark (27 February 2006).
1097:Gow, David (13 November 2008).
5316:1826 establishments in England
4986:Constellation Automotive Group
3404:Modern methods of construction
3255:Institution of Civil Engineers
991:. 6 March 1998. Archived from
1:
5346:2006 mergers and acquisitions
4767:Transport Research Laboratory
3499:Economy of the United Kingdom
3389:Building regulations approval
3245:Federation of Master Builders
3210:Construction Industry Council
3110:Health & Safety Executive
2812:Holland, Hannen & Cubitts
2198:Economy of the United Kingdom
1778:Sterlite Optical Technologies
1628:Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works
1303:. BBC News. 27 February 2006.
910:britishtelevisiondrama.org.uk
326:St Helens Crown Glass Company
196:St Helens Crown Glass Company
5306:Companies based in St Helens
5095:Vehicle Certification Agency
3295:Scottish Building Federation
2832:Leonard Fairclough & Son
857:The Stock Exchange Year Book
461:During 1970, Pilkington was
301:, Sweden. Closed since 2012.
256:During 1970, Pilkington was
233:process; the firm leveraged
5031:National Tyres and Autocare
4808:Caparo Vehicle Technologies
3285:Refined Bitumen Association
3205:Construction Clients' Group
2872:Sir William Arrol & Co.
2716:Taylor Woodrow Construction
1257:"Pilkington turns Japanese"
1160:. Macmillan. p. 1345.
924:"Pilkinton Bid Made By BTR"
720:Pilkington has developed a
465:as a public company on the
345:Pilkington Brothers Limited
260:as a public company on the
204:Pilkington Brothers Limited
194:Established in 1826 as the
32:Pilkington (disambiguation)
5362:
4245:Whitley Engineering Centre
3333:Code for Sustainable Homes
29:
27:British glass manufacturer
5260:
4279:McLaren Technology Centre
3489:
3433:
3353:UK Green Building Council
3240:Electrical Safety Council
2188:
1380:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
942:"Btr And Pilkington Bros"
187:and a constituent of the
44:
5166:Classic & Sports Car
5090:Driving Standards Agency
5080:Department for Transport
5026:Millbrook Proving Ground
4200:Electric Car Corporation
4048:Roger Dowson Engineering
3923:Advanced Engine Research
3250:Home Builders Federation
3120:Local planning authority
3026:Tarmac Building Products
1568:Firozabad glass industry
1563:Fenton Art Glass Company
855:Skinner, Thomas (1908).
624:Joint Reconnaissance Pod
40:Pilkington Group Limited
4707:Grayson Thermal Systems
3659:British United Traction
3225:Constructing Excellence
2944:Heidelberg Materials UK
2686:McLaughlin & Harvey
1872:Irving Wightman Colburn
1453:Glass makers and brands
1154:Stopford, John (1992).
1141:Microscopy and Analysis
3059:Blue Circle Industries
1233:. Reuters. 4 June 2007
502:in the West Midlands.
444:laminated safety glass
321:
313:
309:Pilkington glass in a
302:
247:laminated safety glass
5075:Automotive Council UK
5036:Pinewood Technologies
4225:Castle Bromwich plant
3968:Ford World Rally Team
3846:Shelvoke & Drewry
3801:Metro Cammell Weymann
3135:Planning Inspectorate
2827:John Brogden and Sons
2374:Turner & Townsend
1937:Henry William Stiegel
1668:Mats Jonasson Målerås
1608:Holmegaard Glassworks
1137:"Dates for the Diary"
651:scheme of arrangement
556:Sherman Antitrust Act
482:Trades Union Congress
467:London Stock Exchange
451:Monopolies Commission
319:
308:
296:
262:London Stock Exchange
185:London Stock Exchange
5244:Top Gear (TV series)
5173:Coach & Bus Week
4923:Jack Barclay Bentley
2904:Aggregate Industries
2877:Trollope & Colls
2696:J. Murphy & Sons
1912:Michael Joseph Owens
1488:Aurora Glass Foundry
1059:(22 December 1994),
830:placenorthwest.co.uk
673:An incomplete list:
616:Thales Optronics Ltd
586:In 1988, Pilkington
582:Pilkington Optronics
436:Triplex Safety Glass
251:Triplex Safety Glass
235:licensing agreements
30:For other uses, see
5237:Top Gear (magazine)
4996:Halfords Autocentre
4838:Laycock Engineering
4063:Triple Eight Racing
3963:Engine Developments
3891:Wales & Edwards
3811:Morrison-Electricar
3781:London Taxi Company
3583:Multidrive Vehicles
3415:Planning permission
3348:Good Homes Alliance
2822:John Aird & Co.
2701:Sir Robert McAlpine
2577:Stewart Milne Group
2000:Bomex/Duran/Endural
1917:Alastair Pilkington
1593:Guardian Industries
1498:Barovier & Toso
1356:. BBC. 8 June 2004.
1065:, CV 94-345-TUC-WDB
695:Alastair Pilkington
663:European Commission
576:European Commission
539:Guardian Industries
403:Alastair Pilkington
333:Pilkington Brothers
227:Alastair Pilkington
200:Pilkington Brothers
110:Number of locations
41:
4893:Group 1 Automotive
4553:Marcos Engineering
4448:Armstrong Siddeley
4397:Marc Nordon Racing
4180:Brabham Automotive
3410:New Civil Engineer
2242:Architecture firms
1862:Richard M. Atwater
1683:Nippon Sheet Glass
1623:Kingdom of Crystal
1543:Dartington Crystal
948:. 15 January 1987.
928:The New York Times
877:. 26 January 2009.
805:on 20 January 2012
341:Companies Act 1862
322:
314:
303:
181:Nippon Sheet Glass
130:Nippon Sheet Glass
114:22 sites in the UK
87:William Pilkington
5288:
5287:
5067:regulatory bodies
5059:
5058:
4888:Ford Retail Group
4866:
4865:
4757:Tata Steel Europe
4722:Lotus Engineering
4657:
4656:
4210:Jaguar Land Rover
3978:Gibson Technology
3909:
3908:
3816:Northern Counties
3593:Mellor Coachcraft
3449:
3448:
3394:Construction News
3093:regulatory bodies
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3033:Tata Steel Europe
2969:Kingspan Off-Site
2885:
2884:
2852:Pauling & Co.
2726:VolkerFitzpatrick
2605:
2604:
2148:
2147:
1957:Tomasz Urbanowicz
1947:Lino Tagliapietra
1942:S. Donald Stookey
1793:Val Saint Lambert
1688:Nižbor glassworks
1603:Hardman & Co.
1211:. 9 November 2006
904:The Rank and File
702:Antony Pilkington
574:During 2008, the
545:In May 1994, the
495:The Rank and File
432:Libbey Owens Ford
162:
161:
16:(Redirected from
5353:
5278:
5277:
5268:
5267:
5180:Commercial Motor
4976:Auto Windscreens
4935:Robins & Day
4843:Lucas Industries
4787:Zytek Automotive
4670:
4587:Peel Engineering
4573:Longbridge plant
4129:Volkswagen Group
4102:
3938:Arena Motorsport
3896:Walter Alexander
3541:Alexander Dennis
3531:
3518:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3439:
3438:
3379:Building control
2986:Painter Brothers
2894:
2706:Speller Metcalfe
2616:
2401:
2213:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
1897:Edward D. Libbey
1867:Frederick Carder
1447:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1413:Official UK site
1409:
1408:
1406:Official website
1392:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
981:
975:
970:
964:
963:
956:
950:
949:
938:
932:
931:
920:
914:
913:
897:
891:
885:
879:
878:
867:
861:
860:
852:
846:
840:
834:
833:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
804:
798:. Archived from
797:
789:
756:
750:
688:Baron Pilkington
507:hostile takeover
472:A rank-and-file
427:royalty payments
411:glass production
392:Second World War
270:hostile takeover
239:royalty payments
223:Second World War
158:
155:
153:
49:
42:
21:
18:Pilkington Glass
5361:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5256:
5104:
5068:
5066:
5055:
4954:
4862:
4858:White and Poppe
4791:
4737:Perkins Engines
4712:Johnson Matthey
4666:
4664:
4653:
4493:British Leyland
4426:
4098:
4095:
4087:
4038:Red Bull Racing
3905:
3886:Wadham Stringer
3876:Tilling-Stevens
3836:Seddon Atkinson
3704:East Lancashire
3639:Aveling-Barford
3612:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3485:
3480:
3450:
3445:
3429:
3357:
3309:
3146:
3139:
3092:
3078:
3047:
2881:
2842:Melville Dundas
2752:Alfred McAlpine
2740:
2721:Tilbury Douglas
2611:
2601:
2520:
2451:Crest Nicholson
2395:
2388:
2329:Pell Frischmann
2219:
2217:
2202:
2184:
2179:
2149:
2144:
1982:
1976:
1967:John M. Whitall
1952:W. E. S. Turner
1845:
1833:
1827:
1808:Watts & Co.
1528:Caithness Glass
1460:
1454:
1451:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1281:on 16 June 2017
1273:
1272:
1268:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1183:"Who's Growing"
1180:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1018:(25 May 1994),
1013:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
995:on 16 July 2012
983:
982:
978:
971:
967:
958:
957:
953:
940:
939:
935:
922:
921:
917:
899:
898:
894:
886:
882:
869:
868:
864:
854:
853:
849:
841:
837:
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
802:
795:
791:
790:
759:
751:
747:
743:
738:
718:
707:1995–2006: Sir
700:1980–1995: Sir
693:1973–1980: Sir
671:
643:
641:Takeover by NSG
596:Barr and Stroud
584:
519:
456:employee trusts
380:interwar period
376:Chance Brothers
372:First World War
291:
266:employee trusts
216:Chance Brothers
212:First World War
150:
111:
104:
100:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5359:
5357:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5331:Sumitomo Group
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5293:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5272:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5112:
5110:
5109:Related topics
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:Government and
5064:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5051:We Buy Any Car
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:ATS Euromaster
4962:
4960:
4959:Other services
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4634:Sunbeam-Talbot
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4503:Clément-Talbot
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:Ellesmere Port
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4240:Solihull plant
4237:
4235:Halewood plant
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4171:Goodwood plant
4163:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:AMR GP Limited
3930:
3928:Alpine F1 Team
3925:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3861:Straker-Squire
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3786:Longwell Green
3783:
3778:
3776:Leyland Motors
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3603:REE Automotive
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Leyland Trucks
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3515:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3315:Sustainability
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3091:Government and
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3038:Travis Perkins
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Mero-Schmidlin
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2806:Higgs and Hill
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2736:Willmott Dixon
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Morgan Sindall
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Laing O'Rourke
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:Balfour Beatty
2622:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Taylor Woodrow
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2471:McCarthy Stone
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Charles Church
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Mott MacDonald
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2787:Connaught plc
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2651:Galliford Try
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2631:BAM Construct
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2557:George Wimpey
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2501:Telford Homes
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1972:Caspar Wistar
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1320:. 7 June 2006
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722:self-cleaning
715:
710:
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560:trade secrets
557:
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527:trade secrets
524:
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419:under licence
416:
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368:
366:
362:
361:South America
358:
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342:
338:
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329:
327:
318:
312:
311:Mercedes-Benz
307:
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33:
19:
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5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5145:Auto Express
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
4878:Arnold Clark
4828:Hardy Spicer
4803:Abbey Panels
4741:
4690:Dunlop Tyres
4156:Oxford plant
4117:Aston Martin
4013:Mercedes AMG
3948:Chevron Cars
3568:IBC Vehicles
3563:Dennis Eagle
3440:
3001:Saint-Gobain
2996:RMD Kwikform
2990:
2976:London Brick
2612:construction
2572:McLean Homes
2552:Comben Homes
2547:Bryant Homes
2511:United House
2334:Pick Everard
2294:Elliott Wood
2269:Buro Happold
2193:Construction
2010:Chevron bead
1962:Paolo Venini
1907:Antonio Neri
1887:A. H. Heisey
1798:Vallérysthal
1758:Saint-Gobain
1727:
1678:Mosser Glass
1508:Blenko Glass
1478:Ardagh Group
1473:Arc Holdings
1375:
1372:Barker, T.C.
1364:Bibliography
1348:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1309:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1269:
1261:The Guardian
1260:
1235:. Retrieved
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1130:
1121:
1111:
1103:The Guardian
1102:
1092:
1067:, retrieved
1061:
1050:
1025:, retrieved
1020:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
993:the original
979:
968:
954:
936:
927:
918:
909:
903:
895:
883:
874:
865:
856:
850:
845:, p. 75
838:
829:
819:
807:. Retrieved
800:the original
755:, p. 31
748:
719:
672:
660:
644:
628:
620:W Vinten Ltd
608:
585:
573:
544:
536:
520:
504:
493:
471:
460:
448:
424:
400:
389:
369:
349:
344:
337:incorporated
332:
330:
325:
323:
255:
220:
203:
199:
195:
193:
164:
163:
92:Headquarters
54:Company type
36:
5213:Motor Sport
5138:Auto Trader
5117:AM Magazine
5006:HiQ (tyres)
4871:Dealerships
4848:LucasVarity
4717:Kahn Design
4619:Rover Group
4607:Ryton plant
4528:Frazer Nash
4296:Eco Concept
4195:David Brown
4166:Rolls-Royce
4139:Crewe plant
3988:Kahn Design
3901:Willowbrook
3871:Thornycroft
3771:Leyland DAF
3766:Leyland Bus
3729:Southampton
3016:Speedy Hire
2949:Hope Cement
2797:Dorman Long
2641:Cementation
2636:BAM Nuttall
2562:Ideal Homes
2506:Tilia Homes
2446:Countryside
2218:and support
2035:Dragontrail
2020:CorningWare
1932:Otto Schott
1922:Flavio Poli
1850:Glassmakers
1818:Xinyi Glass
1763:Saint-Louis
1673:Moser Glass
1573:Franz Mayer
1122:politico.eu
888:Barker 1977
843:Barker 1977
809:27 December
753:Barker 1977
730:hydrophilic
711:(born 1946)
704:(1935–2000)
697:(1920–1995)
690:(1905–1983)
686:1949–1973:
656:Asahi Glass
486:blacklisted
407:float glass
231:float glass
154:.pilkington
66:Glassmaking
5295:Categories
5201:Fifth Gear
4991:Green Flag
4742:Pilkington
4685:Cummins UK
4548:Lanchester
4513:Eagle Cars
4392:JBA Motors
4220:Land Rover
4068:Van Diemen
4053:Sumo Power
3958:Driftworks
3915:Motorsport
3821:Park Royal
3522:Commercial
3420:Retentions
3155:Actuate UK
2991:Pilkington
2767:Buckingham
2656:Interserve
2610:Integrated
2567:Ilke Homes
2436:CALA Homes
2379:Wood Group
2369:Tetra Tech
2065:Millefiori
1983:and brands
1981:Trademarks
1857:John Adams
1728:Pilkington
1633:Kosta Boda
902:"Essay on
736:References
716:Operations
709:Nigel Rudd
517:Litigation
500:Wilkinsons
370:After the
339:under the
206:after its
173:Lancashire
165:Pilkington
98:Lancashire
5251:What Car?
5131:Autosport
5016:LeasePlan
4971:Autoglass
4940:Stoneacre
4918:H.R. Owen
4727:Millbrook
4422:Westfield
4355:Westfield
4333:Toyota UK
4318:Overfinch
4308:Nissan UK
4252:Lightning
4096:producers
4043:RML Group
3998:Lola Cars
3608:Wrightbus
3526:producers
2929:Buildbase
2890:Suppliers
2772:Carillion
2711:Robertson
2676:Lendlease
2486:Persimmon
2466:Lendlease
2349:RPS Group
2309:Hoare Lea
2208:Companies
2130:Waterford
2120:Vitrolite
2095:Ravenhead
2045:Fire-King
2030:Cristallo
2025:Cranberry
1882:Friedrich
1834:companies
1803:Waterford
1788:Swarovski
1723:Phu Phong
1693:O-I Glass
1613:Holophane
1588:Glaverbel
1538:Crystalex
1461:companies
1237:28 August
1215:28 August
1187:Aerospace
732:process.
635:beryllium
611:Thorn EMI
592:optronics
509:bid from
490:Ken Loach
440:toughened
365:Doncaster
272:bid from
243:toughened
141:NSG Group
77:St Helens
5270:Category
5194:Fast Car
5011:Kwik Fit
5001:Halfords
4898:Inchcape
4883:Carcraft
4762:Tickford
4680:Cosworth
4649:Wolseley
4624:Standard
4563:MG Rover
4372:Caterham
4367:Kit cars
4343:Vauxhall
4190:Caterham
4073:Williams
4028:Prodrive
4023:Munchi's
3953:Cosworth
3851:Smith EV
3841:Sentinel
3831:Scammell
3796:Maudslay
3791:Marshall
3746:Hallford
3684:Crossley
3442:Category
3374:Building
3338:EcoHomes
3170:Build UK
3145:Industry
3043:Wolseley
3006:Shepherd
2964:Kingspan
2954:HSS Hire
2939:Forterra
2782:Clugston
2587:Westbury
2542:Broseley
2461:Keepmoat
2421:Berkeley
2396:builders
2220:services
1995:Bohemian
1927:Salviati
1738:Preciosa
1703:Orrefors
1598:Hadeland
1493:Baccarat
1374:(1977),
1324:31 March
1285:31 March
1209:BBC News
1078:citation
1069:11 March
1036:citation
1027:11 March
999:30 March
741:Citation
669:Chairmen
568:enjoined
566:, which
532:monopoly
492:'s film
384:undercut
299:Halmstad
179:company
177:Japanese
119:Products
96:Lathom,
62:Industry
5280:Commons
5124:Autocar
4913:Lookers
4903:Jardine
4853:Tomkins
4823:Gardner
4772:Unipart
4752:Ricardo
4673:Current
4639:Triumph
4629:Sunbeam
4592:Reliant
4558:Melling
4533:Gilbern
4508:Daimler
4478:Bristol
4468:Belsize
4407:Quantum
4377:Davrian
4323:Radical
4274:McLaren
4205:Ginetta
4134:Bentley
4122:Lagonda
4105:Current
4033:Radical
4018:M-Sport
4003:McLaren
3983:Hewland
3866:Sunbeam
3856:Stevens
3756:Karrier
3709:Eastern
3689:Daimler
3654:Bristol
3649:Bedford
3553:Arrival
3546:Plaxton
3534:Current
3524:vehicle
3512:marques
3064:Redland
3052:Defunct
2919:Breedon
2914:Ashtead
2897:Current
2837:Linford
2745:Defunct
2646:Costain
2619:Current
2532:Ashtons
2525:Defunct
2456:Gleeson
2416:Bellway
2411:Barratt
2404:Current
2354:Stantec
2344:Ramboll
2284:Cundall
2264:Bierrum
2237:Arcadis
2140:Zerodur
2115:Vitrite
2110:Visions
2105:Tiffany
2075:Opaline
2055:Gorilla
2040:Favrile
2015:Corelle
2005:Burmese
1832:Defunct
1823:Zwiesel
1783:Steuben
1653:Luoyang
1648:Iittala
1558:Fanavid
1553:Duralex
1533:Corning
1523:Borosil
1459:Current
946:Hansard
631:Taunton
600:Glasgow
523:patents
463:floated
353:Belgium
289:History
258:floated
147:Website
103:England
84:Founder
72:Founded
5220:Octane
5046:The AA
4945:Sytner
4930:Perrys
4908:JCT600
4818:Ferodo
4796:Former
4747:Quaife
4644:Trojan
4602:Rootes
4582:Morris
4543:Jowett
4538:Jensen
4498:Caparo
4458:Austin
4453:Ascari
4438:Allard
4431:Former
4328:Spyker
4303:Morgan
4257:Lister
4215:Jaguar
4185:Briggs
3973:Fortec
3943:Carlin
3881:Vulcan
3751:Jensen
3694:Dennis
3679:Commer
3629:Albion
3617:Former
3598:Optare
3328:BREEAM
3147:bodies
3074:Tarmac
3021:Tarmac
2959:Jewson
2924:Brogan
2847:Mowlem
2817:Jarvis
2792:Dawnus
2661:Keller
2537:Beazer
2516:Vistry
2491:Redrow
2476:Miller
2364:Systra
2314:Jacobs
2274:Capita
2252:Atkins
2227:AKT II
2135:Wood's
2080:Peking
2070:Murano
2050:Forest
1773:Schott
1768:Seguso
1743:Riedel
1663:Mannok
1638:Libbey
1386:
1164:
604:Thales
551:cartel
474:strike
278:cartel
169:Lathom
136:Parent
75:1826 (
5152:Buses
4950:Vertu
4782:Wipac
4597:Riley
4518:Fenix
4443:Alvis
4412:Sylva
4360:Zenos
4313:Noble
4267:Lotus
4262:Geely
4112:Ariel
4083:Xtrac
4078:Wirth
3993:Ilmor
3806:Modec
3741:Honda
3719:Foden
3699:Duple
3558:BEDEO
3406:(MMC)
3362:Other
3165:BSRIA
2934:Cemex
2909:Artex
2862:Shand
2804:(and
2762:Bovis
2757:Birse
2731:Wates
2426:Bloor
2394:House
2359:Sweco
2324:Mitie
2125:Vycor
2085:Pyrex
2060:Macor
1990:Activ
1708:Osram
1698:Ohara
1583:Glava
1578:Fuyao
1513:Bodum
1483:Asahi
1318:(PDF)
1193:: 51.
803:(PDF)
796:(PDF)
127:Owner
4732:MIRA
4523:Ford
4473:Bond
4402:Onyx
4151:Mini
3724:Ford
3215:CITB
2681:Mace
2666:Kier
2481:Muir
2431:Boot
2319:Mace
2289:Egis
2279:COWI
2247:Arup
2232:Amey
2090:Rona
1748:Rona
1618:Hoya
1548:Daum
1384:ISBN
1326:2012
1287:2012
1239:2012
1217:2012
1162:ISBN
1084:link
1071:2009
1042:link
1029:2009
1001:2012
811:2008
525:and
480:and
442:and
359:and
245:and
156:.com
5187:Evo
5159:Car
5041:RAC
4777:WMG
4695:GKN
4488:BMH
4483:BMC
4387:GTM
4382:GKD
4338:TVR
4146:BMW
3761:LDV
3736:Guy
3714:ERF
3644:AWD
3624:AEC
3573:JCB
3069:RMC
3011:SIG
2857:Rok
2802:HBG
2384:WSP
2304:GHD
2299:ERM
647:NSG
588:plc
415:tin
343:as
152:www
5297::
4568:MG
4291:MG
1382:,
1378:,
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