357:, formally requested that the statue be removed, although they did not cite any specific reason for the request. The university released a statement claiming that the statue belonged to "an external organisation" which had publicly announced its disbandment – referring to the Hong Kong Alliance – and that it had written to the Alliance based on the "latest risk assessment and legal advice" to request the removal. Galschiøt said that he was "shocked" when hearing the news about the potential removal and that he, who considered himself as remaining the owner of the statue, had never been contacted by the university in the matter. He urged HKU to allow the statue to remain, saying that it would help the world to remember the peaceful demonstrators who "were killed for expressing their wishes for political participation". He said that he hoped to "be able to transport the sculpture out of Hong Kong under orderly conditions", and that any damage to the statue would be the university's responsibility. On 15 October, Mayer Brown announced that it would no longer be representing the university in the matter of the statue, while retaining it as a client. The move came days after intense pressure, including by an open letter penned by 28 civil society groups, as well as by overseas intellectuals.
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According to
Galschiøt, the sculptures remind people of a shameful event which must never recur. The torn and twisted bodies of the sculpture symbolize the degradation, devaluation and lack of respect for the individual. The black colour symbolises grief and loss and the sculpture, which represents
236:
on 3 June 1997. Following the vigil on the night of 4 June 1997, local university students fought for a place to permanently home the statue. After scuffles with the police and controversy with the university leadership, at 3 a.m. students succeeded in moving the 2-tonne statue onto the podium of
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and the surrounding area on 22 December 2021. Near midnight, the university sent security guards and workers to the site, prepared trucks with cranes for its demolition, and the security guards blocked journalists from approaching and attempted to stop media outlets filming. By daylight on 23
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On 31 May 1998, the ninth anniversary of the
Tiananmen Square protests, the sculpture was returned to Victoria Park where a candlelit vigil was held. On the morning before the vigil, a self-professed artist splashed two buckets of red paint onto the
220:
in 1997 to mark the eighth anniversary of the
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The statue depicts 50 torn and twisted bodies to symbolize those who died in the government crackdown. On the base of the statue, the history and pictures of the
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Following the removal, Galschiøt received over 40 inquiries about making copies of the statue. He decided to relinquish his right to commercial exclusivity, so that anyone can make a copy, provided that all profits are given to the
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was moved onto the Haking Wong Podium again on 3 December 1998. It was again exhibited at the 10th anniversary candlelit vigil of the
Massacre in 1999 at Victoria Park. Without the university authorities' endorsement, the
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393:. Galschiøt expressed his shock in a public message the same day, referring to Hong Kong as a lawless place and announcing that he would claim compensation if it wasn't returned to him. By 24 December 2021, the
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In May 2023, the Pillar of Shame was seized from storage at the
Kadoorie Centre by Hong Kong's National Security Department, reportedly to be used as evidence in a case of subversion of state power.
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the victims, expresses the pain and the despair of the event. It can be used by both sides in complicated conflict situations, where it can be difficult to point out the guilty party.
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1416:"A Pillar of Shame on display on the 35th anniversary of the massacre during an event of peaceful protest and remembrance in Taipei, in front of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall"
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are carved in and engraved into the base, in both
English and Chinese, are the words "The Tiananmen Massacre", "June 4th 1989" and "The old cannot kill the young forever."
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made in the 90s along with "forbidden art" deemed subversive by China and Hong Kong was put on exhibition outside the
European Parliament during debates about:
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was moved back to the Haking Wong podium after the anniversary, where it has remained on display; a silent tribute is held by HKUSU and the
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at the
University of Hong Kong on a long-term basis. The students' motion was carried, when 1,629 out of 2,190 voted to support, and the
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December 2021, the statue had disappeared. The university stated that the statue would be put into storage, reportedly in
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1052:"US law firm Mayer Brown will not longer represent University of Hong Kong on removing Tiananmen Massacre statue"
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Summit, depicting the deaths caused worldwide by hunger due to the uneven distribution of the world's resources.
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On the 4th of June in 2024, a 3D printed Pillar of Shame was erected and on display in Taipei, in front of the
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1322:[Danish artist behind removed sculpture in Hongkong relinquish copyright after storm of inquiries].
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2110:
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Can the
Western Art Market accept that its auction houses perform political art censorship in Hong Kong?
170:
466:
during the 35th anniversary of the massacre during an event of peaceful demonstration and remembrance.
1366:"Hong Kong national security police seize 'Pillar of Shame' statue in connection with subversion case"
1080:"Artist fights to preserve Pillar of Shame Tiananmen memorial as Hong Kong University demands removal"
996:"University of Hong Kong demands removal of sculpture honouring victims of Tiananmen Square crackdown"
940:"University of Hong Kong orders removal of Tiananmen Massacre statue after 24 years, artist 'shocked'"
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was planned for completion in 2002, but the plan has not come to fruition due to funding issues.
1320:"Dansk kunstner bag fjernet skulptur i Hongkong ophæver copyrighten efter storm af henvendelser"
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was first exhibited at the
Candlelight Vigil in commemoration of the eighth anniversary of the
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1283:"Two more Hong Kong universities tear down Tiananmen Massacre monuments in early hours of Fri"
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968:"'Sacrilege': Artist urges University of Hong Kong not to remove Tiananmen Massacre statue"
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Building in Berlin for one month, in response to the removal of the statue in Hong Kong.
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1301:"Two Hong Kong universities remove Tiananmen artworks after Pillar of Shame dismantled"
805:— detailed description of the art happening that is being carried out by Jens Galschiot
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1554:"Copy of Galschiøt's sculpture inaugurated in Berlin in memory of Chinese protesters"
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According to media accounts in Hong Kong, the University of Hong Kong blockaded the
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Is Hong Kong’s Art Market about to Collapse? If so, will it create a Domino Effect?
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What role do Western Auction Houses play in political art censorship in Hong Kong?
216:'martyrs' pillar') in Hong Kong was a copper sculpture, first erected in
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2015:
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VOA | Thousands Mourn Srebrenica Massacre Victims, Criticize UN | News | English
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1196:"University of Hong Kong removes Tiananmen Massacre monument in dead of night"
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Sculpture series by Jens Galschiot commemorating the Tiananmen Square massacre
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1024:"Hong Kong's 'Pillar of Shame' sculpture for Tiananmen victims faces removal"
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905:"Hong Kong university hires US law firm to seek Tiananmen statue's removal"
1388:"'Pillar of Shame' Tiananmen memorial erected outside European Parliament"
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2020:
1995:
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The Pillar of Shame in Brazil, 2000 – A memorial of the Eldorado massacre
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A pile of over 16,000 shoes, each pair representing a victim of the 1995
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Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China
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Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China
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Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China
1980:
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Political Art Censorship in China and Hong Kong as a way of oppression.
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1441:"35TH ANNIVERSARY OF TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE COMMEMORATED IN TAIPEI"
1943:
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In October 2021 the University of Hong Kong, represented by law firm
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Student union members cleaning the base of the statue on 3 June 2020
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had followed suit regarding the 4 June memorials on their campus.
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in Berlin, Sunday 11 July 2010. The shoes were collected to make
540:. Due to various problems, the artist had to cancel the project.
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finds Permanent Site in Northern Brazil, Press release, 23-04-00
337:. As the sculptor Galschiøt was denied access to Hong Kong, the
90:
70:. Each sculpture is an eight metres (26 ft) tall statue of
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1622:
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1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in popular culture
1350:
1239:"Pillar of Shame: Hong Kong's Tiananmen Square statue removed"
1151:"Hong Kong memorial to victims of Tiananmen Square dismantled"
486:
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in 1996. Since then three other pillars have been erected, in
86:
1346:"Replica of Hong Kong's 'Pillar of Shame' unveiled in Norway"
85:
The first sculpture was inaugurated at the NGO Forum of the
569:
by German activist Phillip Ruch's monument to Srebrenica.
1265:"RTHK News More June 4 artwork removed from universities"
420:
Exhibition outside the European Parliament in March 2024
298:, claiming that "the blood of people is also my blood."
1580:. .voanews.com (11 July 2010). Retrieved on 2010-11-16.
305:(HKUSU) held a general polling on a motion to home the
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in Berlin – a Memorial for the Victims of Nazi Terror
628:
Chinese writing on the base meaning "June 4 Massacre"
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In March of 2024 one of several smaller scale models
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in Mexico, 1999 – A memorial of the Acteal massacre
902:Riordan, Primrose; Badkar, Mamta (8 October 2021).
547:in Hong Kong was displayed on the forecourt of the
23:
903:
245:was re-erected at the same place on 16 June 1997.
2447:Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
513:, Brazil in 2000 in homage to the victims of the
380:Security prohibiting the press from taking photos
933:
931:
525:, the federal state where the massacre occurred.
413:, scheduled to be on display for about a month.
2573:Arrest and trial of Chen Ziming and Wang Juntao
1669:Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
478:have been erected in the following locations:
409:. In May 2022, a replica was installed at the
349:Dispute over potential removal in October 2021
275:Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
2604:
1634:
1318:Hagemann-Nielsen, Frederik (2 January 2022).
252:was exhibited at the following universities:
8:
1745:Dialogue between students and the government
816:Chu, Prisca & Luk, Mandy (5 June 1999).
485:Air Terminal, Rome, Italy, 1996, during the
1650:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1221:"'Pillar of Shame' removed from HKU campus"
211:
162:painted the sculpture orange in support of
50:is a series of sculptures by Danish artist
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1516:. Aidoh.dk. Retrieved on 16 November 2010.
1500:. Aidoh.dk. Retrieved on 16 November 2010.
1488:. Aidoh.dk. Retrieved on 16 November 2010.
1472:. Aidoh.dk. Retrieved on 16 November 2010.
885:Staff reporter and agencies (6 June 1999)
792:. Aidoh.dk. Retrieved on 16 November 2010.
781:
779:
517:which occurred in 1996. This was moved to
499:, Mexico in 1999, to mark the site of the
329:was painted orange as part of the project
54:memorialising the loss of life during the
29:
20:
851:
849:
773:. Aidoh.dk. Retrieved on 17 January 2015.
1527:"Symbol of Freedom: The Pillar of Shame"
438:Persecution of Dissidents inside Europe.
432:China Extensive Human Rights violations.
303:The Hong Kong University Students' Union
196:
2132:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
708:
576:
2568:Reactions to the protests and massacre
2127:Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
1709:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
818:Artist adds `personal touch' to Pillar
361:Removal of the statue in December 2021
2620:Public art and memorials in Hong Kong
2314:The Critical Moment – Li Peng Diaries
1420:YouTube channel of user ‘chang gyong’
916:from the original on 11 December 2022
7:
2807:Monuments and memorials in Hong Kong
1689:Campaign against spiritual pollution
1402:"2024 EU Pillar of Shame Exhibition"
1078:Griffiths, James (13 October 2021).
1022:Mahtani, Shibani (13 October 2021).
717:"2022 - Pillar of Shame in Hongkong"
501:December 1997 massacre of 45 members
1684:1986 Chinese student demonstrations
1614:10th Anniversary of 4 June Massacre
742:"What is the Tiananmen crackdown?"
435:Hong Kong’s Democratic Derailment.
14:
2822:Memorials to victims of communism
1552:Mallikka, Miabell (23 May 2023).
1470:in Rome – at the FAO Summit, 1996
994:Leung, Christy (8 October 2021).
887:"Campus war of words over pillar"
441:China's censorship inside Europe.
248:During the following months, the
1750:Funding of student organizations
1194:Grundy, Tom (22 December 2021).
1107:"港大拆國殤之柱？ 校方突用圍板、白布封起 帶頭盔工程人員到場"
938:Chau, Candice (8 October 2021).
658:
645:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
633:
621:
609:
594:
579:
407:Hong Kong pro-democracy movement
281:Hong Kong Polytechnic University
237:the Haking Wong Building at the
2802:Outdoor sculptures in Hong Kong
2649:Sir Thomas Jackson, 1st Baronet
2307:Collection of June Fourth Poems
1704:Household responsibility system
1050:Grundy, Tom (16 October 2021).
395:Chinese University of Hong Kong
257:Chinese University of Hong Kong
966:Grundy, Tom (5 October 2021).
832:Lam Wan Rhonda (17 May 1999).
206:
187:
56:1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre
1:
2375:Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square
1177:"港大深夜突襲圍封國殤之柱 保安：不要影、不清楚、不知道"
1129:"國殤之柱遭白幕圍封 吊臂車駛入港大 疑為移走工程作準備"
515:Eldorado dos Carajás massacre
464:Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall
301:On 24 and 25 September 1998,
154:in Haking Wong Podium of the
2792:Sculptures by Jens Galschiøt
1594:Official information of the
561:, is placed in front of the
536:, Germany, in homage to the
287:City University of Hong Kong
269:Hong Kong Baptist University
142:Pillar of Shame in Hong Kong
643:sculpture dedicated to the
616:English writing on the base
503:of the civil society group
345:without his participation.
333:, to raise awareness about
2853:
2335:The Gate of Heavenly Peace
1269:Radio Television Hong Kong
538:victims of the Nazi regime
1200:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
458:Pillar of Shame in Taiwan
234:Tiananmen Square protests
28:
2432:Democracy Party of China
1131:. 東方日報. 22 December 2021
1109:. HK01. 22 December 2021
1001:South China Morning Post
865:South China Morning Post
2832:Vandalized works of art
1735:April 27 demonstrations
1674:1976 Tiananmen Incident
372:removed from HKU campus
239:University of Hong Kong
156:University of Hong Kong
68:Chinese Communist Party
2733:Lady Liberty Hong Kong
2695:Spring Breeze Pavilion
1714:Criticism of communism
861:still without a home""
470:Other Pillars of Shame
381:
373:
325:On 30 April 2008, the
259:from 28 September 1997
175:
167:
2812:Politics of Hong Kong
2639:Hong Kong Film Awards
2578:Human rights in China
2442:Human Rights in China
2428:China Support Network
2361:Prisoner of the State
1755:Mao portrait incident
746:Amnesty International
379:
368:
335:human rights in China
271:from 29 November 1997
197:gwok3 soeng1 zi1 cyu5
173:
149:
2837:Destroyed sculptures
2827:History of Hong Kong
2763:22.2829°N 114.1362°E
2726:Three Heads Six Arms
2712:The Flying Frenchman
2690:Chinese War Memorial
2544:Goddess of Democracy
2452:Operation Yellowbird
2389:The Tiananmen Papers
1770:Military involvement
1287:Hong Kong Free Press
1057:Hong Kong Free Press
973:Hong Kong Free Press
945:Hong Kong Free Press
277:from 23 January 1998
265:from 2 November 1997
2759: /
2368:Quelling the People
2354:Moving the Mountain
2342:A Heart for Freedom
2300:A Tiananmen Journal
2293:Almost a Revolution
1664:May Fourth Movement
1029:The Washington Post
834:"Students to erect
803:The Pillar of Shame
567:The Pillar of Shame
559:Srebrenica massacre
322:in May every year.
289:from 29 March 1998.
2527:Nothing to My Name
2437:Hong Kong Alliance
1839:Standing Committee
1765:June 9 Deng speech
1760:Sino-Soviet Summit
1730:April 26 Editorial
1445:New Bloom Magazine
1245:. 23 December 2021
1157:. 23 December 2021
1085:The Globe and Mail
695:In the name of God
666:Visual arts portal
411:University of Oslo
399:Lingnan University
382:
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176:
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2768:22.2829; 114.1362
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2457:Tiananmen Mothers
2321:Escape from China
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1962:
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543:A replica of the
521:, the capital of
283:from 1 March 1998
214:
66:committed by the
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1390:. 21 March 2024.
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331:The Color Orange
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1974:Leading figures
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867:. 3 June 1999
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2685:The Cenotaph
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2420:Human rights
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2348:Leica advert
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2171:Yang Baibing
2111:Zhou Yongjun
2061:Tang Baiqiao
2026:Han Dongfang
1609:(in Chinese)
1606:in Hong Kong
1603:
1602:Timeline of
1595:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
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1449:. Retrieved
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1370:. Retrieved
1368:. 5 May 2023
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1328:. Retrieved
1323:
1313:
1305:The Guardian
1304:
1295:
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1247:. Retrieved
1242:
1233:
1225:The Standard
1224:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
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1159:. Retrieved
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
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1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1027:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
999:
989:
977:. Retrieved
971:
961:
949:. Retrieved
943:
918:. Retrieved
909:
897:
891:The Standard
890:
881:
869:. Retrieved
864:
858:
842:The Standard
841:
838:permanently"
835:
828:
822:The Standard
821:
812:
802:
797:
787:
768:
762:
750:. Retrieved
745:
736:
724:. Retrieved
720:
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686:
673:
640:
602:
601:Close up of
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158:, 2008. The
151:
136:
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45:
44:
36:
18:
2766: /
2754:114°08′10″E
2704:Other works
2510:32nd (2021)
2505:31st (2020)
2500:30th (2019)
2495:25th (2014)
2490:24th (2013)
2485:21st (2010)
2480:20th (2009)
2475:10th (1999)
2181:Hong Xuezhi
2166:Chi Haotian
2161:Liu Huaqing
2076:Wang Youcai
2041:Liu Xianbin
2016:Feng Congde
1893:Jiang Zemin
1888:Chen Xitong
1847:Zhao Ziyang
1814:Li Xiannian
1537:15 December
1326:(in Danish)
1249:23 December
1205:22 December
1135:22 December
1113:22 December
752:2 September
726:2 September
697:(sculpture)
689:(sculpture)
355:Mayer Brown
2781:Categories
2751:22°16′58″N
2644:HSBC lions
2205:Army units
2196:Li Lianxiu
2191:Xu Qinxian
2101:Zhang Boli
2096:Yu Dongyue
2081:Wu'erkaixi
2046:Liu Xiaobo
2031:Hou Dejian
2011:Fang Zheng
2006:Fang Lizhi
2001:Ding Zilin
1967:Protesters
1954:Wu Xueqian
1949:Wen Jiabao
1934:Yan Mingfu
1924:Hu Yaobang
1898:Zhu Rongji
1723:Chronology
1694:Corruption
1657:Background
1161:14 January
1091:15 October
1035:14 October
1007:13 October
979:10 October
951:13 October
871:11 October
807:, Denmark.
703:References
507:in Acteal.
505:Las Abejas
89:summit in
2678:Memorials
2664:Anita Mui
2654:Bruce Lee
2634:George VI
2550:Hong Kong
2409:TV series
2403:Chimerica
2328:Execution
2176:Qin Jiwei
2091:Yan Jiaqi
2086:Xiong Yan
2056:Shen Tong
2051:Qin Benli
1986:Chai Ling
1903:Hu Jintao
1883:Li Ximing
1867:Yao Yilin
1824:Peng Zhen
1819:Wang Zhen
1780:Communist
1558:ScandAsia
1330:3 January
1155:France 24
1063:5 October
920:9 October
771:in Berlin
721:Galschiøt
426:Galschiøt
166:project.
133:Symbolism
103:Hong Kong
2533:Tank Man
2154:Generals
2146:Military
2071:Wang Dan
2021:Liu Gang
1996:Dai Qing
1991:Cui Jian
1919:Bao Tong
1857:Qiao Shi
1804:Chen Yun
1243:BBC News
914:Archived
652:See also
528:A fifth
511:Brasilia
483:Ostiense
223:massacre
192:Jyutping
115:Brasilia
80:concrete
2627:Statues
2561:Related
1981:Bei Dao
1939:Yuan Mu
1929:Luo Gan
1862:Hu Qili
1852:Li Peng
1829:Bo Yibo
1510:Danish
1181:YouTube
573:Gallery
497:Chiapas
476:Pillars
184:Chinese
127:Germany
60:Beijing
2659:McDull
2422:groups
2120:Groups
1944:Wan Li
1912:Others
1791:Elders
1563:30 May
1451:7 June
1425:6 June
1372:14 May
603:Pillar
534:Berlin
493:Acteal
474:Other
343:Pillar
316:Pillar
311:Pillar
296:Pillar
250:Pillar
243:Pillar
230:Pillar
204::
202:pinyin
194::
186::
123:Berlin
119:Brazil
113:; and
111:Mexico
107:Acteal
76:copper
72:bronze
2519:Icons
2285:Works
2036:Li Lu
1782:Party
519:Belém
95:Italy
64:China
2273:67th
2269:65th
2265:64th
2262:63rd
2259:54th
2255:40th
2250:39th
2245:38th
2240:28th
2235:27th
2230:26th
2226:24th
2222:20th
2217:15th
2212:12th
1565:2023
1539:2023
1482:The
1466:The
1453:2024
1427:2024
1374:2023
1332:2022
1251:2021
1207:2021
1163:2022
1137:2021
1115:2021
1093:2021
1065:2021
1037:2021
1009:2021
981:2021
953:2021
922:2021
873:2022
786:The
767:The
754:2024
728:2024
523:Pará
228:The
213:lit.
188:國殤之柱
178:The
150:The
91:Rome
1351:CNN
487:FAO
87:FAO
78:or
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