1043:. Instead, the party argued for compulsory policies that existing immigrants learn Dutch and become integrated while future immigration would be reduced or halted until existing immigrants had been assimilated. However, Fortuyn also maintained that asylum seekers or illegal immigrants who had been living in the Netherlands for a long period should not be deported and instead be pardoned and offered a path to citizenship if they demonstrated the ability to assimilate into Dutch society and had not committed crimes while potential migrants would be offered financial incentives to stay in their own country. During the 2002 election and cabinet formation, the LPF proposed that asylum seekers who already had been in the Netherlands for more than five years could be pardoned while the government should temporarily stop all future immigration and asylum intake. In the
784:, most of its Members of Parliament were not very visible or considered as charismatic as Fortuyn, while party leader Herben had enough work keeping the party from further infighting. The LPF also went into financial straits as many of its former financial backers left. Other commentators later claimed that the relative inexperience of some of the LPF's members and lack of internal structure hampered its ability to function as a coherent movement. As the new coalition continued most of the former coalition's policies and Balkenende stated that he agreed with some of Fortuyn's views on multiculturalism and implemented some of his policy ideas, it became increasingly difficult for the LPF to present the anti-establishment or alternative image to the government which had galvanized support for the party in the first place.
588:), and both Dutch and foreign media outlets compared Fortuyn to other European far-right party leaders. Fortuyn disputed the comparisons and stated that the press and other party leaders were distorting or mislabeling him and his ideas. However, polling showed rapid and growing support for the LPF, with some polls indicating that the LPF would emerge as the largest party and make Fortuyn a candidate for prime minister. Fortuyn himself maintained that he would not accept a cabinet position headed by another party leader and aimed to take the role of prime minister himself.
3462:
915:. Some scholars and political scientists observed that the LPF presented a distinct ideology that differed from other populist parties in Europe while Fortuyn himself maintained that both he and the party based their beliefs on pragmatic, not populistic ideas and wanted the LPF to represent an alternative set of policy solutions to what Fortuyn regarded as an identical consensus within the existing Dutch political establishment.
422:, the party was left in opposition. It became clear that the party was not viable without its original leader, and it went into decline until it was finally dissolved in 2008. Both Fortuyn and the LPF have had a significant influence on changing Dutch public discourse on immigration, multiculturalism, and political reform, and went on to influence politicians in both the mainstream and newer political parties.
827:
464:(LR) list for the March 2002 local elections. The official 2002 election study found that immigration and integration problems were the second most important issue for voters after issues concerning the health care system. Helped by the many speeches and interviews given by Fortuyn, immigration issues became the major topic of the national political agenda, thereby forcing other parties to react.
1068:
to communities, expanding internet infrastructure outside of cities and replacing parts of the state with digital technology. Some political historians describe the LPF as supporting "market populist" ideas and holding both a free market vision while stressing communitarian ideas and being one of the first
European populist parties associated with a rise in anti-globalization arguments.
38:
1463:
1427:
1039:. The party also called for reforms to the Netherland's employment policy, proposed reducing the number of civil servants and abolishing permanent contracts for government employees. It also wanted to revise and strongly restrict immigration and asylum policies, particularly from Islamic societies, as well as put an end to the Dutch government's policy of pursuing
717:. Some commentators claimed that the CDA was able to draw in voters who otherwise would have supported the LPF (but felt it was no longer viable without Fortuyn in charge) or that the CDA was seen as a stabilizing force after a tense election. As leader of the strongest party, Balkenende became the leading candidate for prime minister.
862:
coming down from "heaven" with a parachute and presenting himself as a "reincarnation" of Pim
Fortuyn. Marten Fortuyn, brother of Pim Fortuyn, declared it "outrageous and tasteless." In the election, LVF did not receive enough votes to secure a seat with support of only 0.2%. It also lost all of its
435:
The LPF was founded by its namesake, Pim
Fortuyn, a former sociology professor who had become known in the Netherlands as an author, press columnist and a media commentator. Fortuyn announced his intention to run for parliament in a television interview on 20 August 2001. An unusual aspect
1067:
The LPF also supported reforming the Dutch economic model, arguing that outdated bureaucracy and welfare systems had created psychological and physical barriers to entrepreneurship and modernization of the economy. Fortuyn supported locating workplaces, smaller schools and regional hospitals closer
1004:
himself), from the "backward" Islamic culture. Fortuyn often maintained that his opposition to immigration was not motivated by the race or skin colour of immigrants. The LPF also won support from some ethnic minorities and fielded candidates from immigrant backgrounds during the 2002 election; one
708:
had remained neutral and not joined in attacking
Fortuyn with other party leaders during debates. Balkenende had earlier announced that his party would follow a tougher line towards asylum seekers and tighten some of the Netherlands's immigration policies, and he later agreed with much of Fortuyn's
751:
Without its original leader and lack of a clearly defined organisational structure and political experience among its members, the LPF also succumbed to highly public internal squabbles. MPs within the LPF resigned to sit as independents due to the infighting and the intense media storm following
647:
had created a climate of opinion that had made the assassination possible. Campaigning immediately stopped, and although some suggested postponing the elections, the campaign resumed (half-heartedly) after his funeral four days later. His funeral was broadcast live on television and, according to
563:
Opinion polls soon showed that he took most of LN's supporters with him, leaving LN with its original 2%, while
Fortuyn soared to 17%. The local LR—which held on to Fortuyn as its leader—was hugely successful in the March 2002 local elections, as it won more than one third of the vote and became
994:
by foreign journalists and these were often referred to by the Dutch media and rival politicians. However, this was strongly disputed by
Fortuyn who stated he wanted nothing to do with such leaders while the LPF called the comparisons "over-simplified" and inaccurate, asserting that the party's
571:
In the run-up to the 2002 general election, Fortuyn appeared in numerous television and radio interviews to generate publicity, and was featured in the televised leadership debates representing his new party. He was often attacked or derided as an extremist figure by other party leaders (in
456:
elections but had never contested in national elections before. Fortuyn concluded his acceptance speech by saying the words that would become his slogan; "At your service!" Almost immediately after
Fortuyn became leader, LN went from 2% in opinion polls to about 17%.
494:
627:
Fortuyn expressed a concern that he would be killed or injured during the election campaign, and argued that if such an event were to happen, the media and Dutch political establishment would be to blame through creating a hostile atmosphere against him.
1120:, excessive bureaucracy and threat to national sovereignty. The LPF also warned that unopposed EU expansion would lead to the Netherlands becoming absorbed into a Federal Superstate in which Dutch identity would be lost. Opposing the full membership of
1055:
which would give a grace period for long-term asylum seekers to gain residency while immigration and asylum migration would be frozen for a period, however the cabinet collapsed before this could be effectuated. The party also supported the right to
985:
During the 2002 campaign, Fortuyn was accused of being on the "extreme right", although others saw only certain similarities. Comparisons were drawn between
Fortuyn and the LPF with far-right populist leaders and parties in Europe such as
1160:
Fortuyn's political heritage became scattered among various politicians in the
Netherlands, several of whom had begun their careers in the LPF, and tried founding parties of their own, most of which were unsuccessful. These included
969:
described
Fortuyn's and by extension the LPF's ideology as not fitting into the traditional left-right pattern and described it as a "cocktail of elements stemming from different directions" which included strands of conservatism,
616:(which became the bestselling book by a Dutch author in the Netherlands in 2002). Despite this, the authorities did not provide protection for Fortuyn, nor did he request protection. In various interviews, including with the
1768:
3886:
3447:
1443:
1407:
1376:
452:. On 25 November he was chosen as party leader for the LN. The LN functioned as the combined national extension of various movements that existed as localist alternatives to the main parties and had contested
2515:
803:(although it was not successful in the long term). By 2004, the LPF had fallen to a less than 1% support and disintegrated. The party had lost most of its members, and the parliamentary faction (with exception of
756:. Wijnschenk was subsequently ousted from his position and replaced by Herben again, but by October 2002, the break-up of the government coalition was ultimately triggered by the bickering of LPF Ministers
510:
Fortuyn founded Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) on 11 February and began assembling candidates to stand in the upcoming general election. He also secured financial backing from several individuals involved in the
1213:
party. However, in the Netherlands the LPF became squeezed out by the tougher line on immigration and integration issues taken by mainstream politicians, such as Minister for Integration and Immigration
999:
nor a defender of traditional authoritarian values. On the contrary, Fortuyn wanted to protect the socio-culturally liberal values of the Netherlands, women's rights and sexual minorities (he was openly
467:
Until February, Liveable Netherlands had received disproportionate and generally sympathetic coverage in the media. The situation took a dramatic turn on 9 February, when Fortuyn was interviewed in
1233:
organised a conference in cooperation with the scientific committee of the LPF in the House of Representatives building that brought together several international anti-Islam figures, including
1112:
and criticised the EU for being "elite" and "technocratic". The party however did not oppose the principle of economic and political cooperation between European countries and the project of
3879:
3440:
2670:
863:
seats in the 2007 Provincial Council elections, meaning it was no longer eligible for representation in the Senate. By this stage, many former LPF supporters were switching to the new
4216:
3486:
752:
Fortuyn's death or unsuccessfully tried founding splinter parties of their own to contest in the next election. In August 2002, Herben resigned as leader and was briefly replaced by
787:
The LPF did see some success in the 2003 Dutch provincial elections in which it won 17 seats in eleven provinces, enabling it to qualify for a seat in the Senate which was taken by
3872:
3433:
1810:
490:. Fortuyn was dismissed as party leader the next day, and in a television interview said that the split was irreparable, although he would have preferred to remain in the party.
724:
was chosen as LPF party leader as Fortuyn's successor. Together with the CDA and the VVD, the party formed part of the governing coalition, and supplied several members for the
1509:
792:
3769:
4181:
3425:
664:
two years later, would result in a polarisation in the political debate in the Netherlands, and subsequently changes in immigration-related policies and public discourse.
2638:
4251:
3977:
3685:
515:
sector and was allocated an office and campaign headquarters in downtown Rotterdam. Within a short time, Fortuyn was able to secure thirty candidates for the election.
4211:
4191:
368:
but differed somewhat from other European right-wing or nationalist parties by taking a liberal stance on certain social issues and sought to describe its ideology as
4271:
4226:
4186:
4176:
4246:
3787:
418:
and was granted ministerial posts. However, internal conflicts in the LPF led to the coalition's break-up and fresh elections after a few months. Following the
776:, the LPF shrank to 5.7% support and gained eight seats while Balkenende and the CDA retained a majority. Following the election the LPF was exchanged for the
3898:
3456:
1104:
currency (which the Netherlands had adopted in 1999), EU influence over Dutch domestic regulation, and opposed the Netherlands participating in the European
692:—by far a record number of seats in the Netherlands for a new party—to become the second largest party. LN also made it into Parliament, with two seats. The
336:
474:, one of the leading national newspapers. Against the strong advice of his campaign team, he made several controversial statements; including one that said
4236:
4006:
3695:
3662:
728:. The party was granted four of fourteen cabinet seats, for immigration, economics, environment, health and sports, and five state secretaries. LPF member
697:
527:
a former member of the European Parliament for the CDA and one of few on the list with professional political experience. Others included former editor of
411:
237:
395:-related issues, and instead founded LPF a few days later, taking many former LN candidates with him. After gaining support in opinion polls, Fortuyn was
4221:
3690:
2352:
4266:
4241:
3170:
3642:
3632:
834:
668:
300:
2525:
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3602:
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1712:
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in the former home of Fortuyn which caused uproar within the party since Fortuyn had stated he had wanted nothing to do with Dewinter's former
689:
4206:
4122:
3410:
3387:
2972:
2770:
2577:
2498:
2471:
2391:
2321:
2078:
2048:
2018:
1986:
1954:
1943:"Right-wing Populism and Euroscepticism in Western and Eastern Europe – List Pim Fortuyn and League of Polish Families, Comparative Approach"
4276:
3731:
3637:
3189:
1296:
3243:
3647:
995:
immigration programme was not based on hatred of foreigners. While Fortuyn employed anti-immigration rhetoric, he was neither a radical
391:(LN) party. He was however dismissed as leader of LN in February 2002 due to controversial remarks he made in a newspaper interview on
4196:
4112:
3764:
653:
436:
of this was that it was not yet clear which political party he would be a candidate for. Although he was already in contact with the
4231:
3726:
3226:
3199:
2831:
2804:
2743:
1916:
3216:
941:
or as offering an appealing political style. The style was characterized variously as one "of openness, directness and clearness",
523:, originally from Cape Verde whom Fortuyn proposed as immigration minister should he become prime minister. Fortuyn also recruited
399:, nine days before the election. The party held onto its support, and went on to become the second-largest party in the election.
3657:
3491:
1080:, Fortuyn had already developed a worldview based on the "clash between civilizations", namely between "modernity" and Islam, or
1027:
725:
612:
212:
2821:
4151:
4072:
3962:
3820:
3544:
242:
2247:
3972:
3797:
3627:
3840:
1031:. The LPF campaigned on a strong law and order message at both local and national levels. The party supported cutting state
3967:
3895:
3607:
3559:
3526:
1218:, who had largely adopted Fortuyn's policies. By the end of the decade, former LPF supporters had mostly moved to support
733:
684:
The LPF decided to maintain Fortuyn's posthumous candidacy, and delayed naming a new leader until after the election. The
661:
4107:
3746:
3705:
3672:
1635:
1554:
597:
396:
190:
3113:
823:
party. Nawijn subsequently left the LPF and announced the formation of a new party with ideas closer to Vlaams Belang.
4261:
4077:
4067:
4052:
3579:
3554:
3534:
3511:
3345:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1438:
1402:
1371:
1022:
851:
773:
701:
685:
441:
419:
407:
384:
520:
3941:
3792:
3622:
3612:
3501:
3496:
2706:
693:
4097:
3652:
1182:
3321:
871:
which contained similar policies to the LPF and emerged as a successor. In 2006, the party closed its office in
482:
seekers would be allowed into the country, and, if necessary, the possible repeal of anti-racism clauses in the
3848:
3700:
3680:
3597:
2366:
1185:—none of which managed to win a seat in the 2003 or 2006 elections. The LPF also influenced politicians in the
1044:
838:
415:
305:
780:
in the government coalition. The LPF found it hard to maintain support in parliamentary opposition as besides
4057:
3991:
3549:
3506:
966:
892:
295:
200:
1100:
as a "bureaucracy which barely interests its citizens, let alone inspires them." The party was against the
4201:
2932:
2593:
2303:
858:). On 25 September 2006, the party released a controversial campaign commercial which featured new leader
3133:
3055:
2097:
2794:
1906:
991:
900:
524:
3273:
1287:
continued to be used for a period at municipal level by local branches that split off from the LPF in
4036:
1708:
1689:
1685:
1113:
1077:
904:
705:
512:
403:
196:
2263:
2040:
The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis
667:
4062:
3815:
3741:
3574:
1844:
1206:
1174:
938:
896:
710:
585:
549:
437:
388:
333:
230:
208:
159:
149:
2872:
2328:
2275:
2155:
4021:
3825:
3779:
3564:
3276:
2857:
2140:
1105:
912:
804:
800:
791:. However, the party was beset by further internal problems and won just 2.6% of the vote in the
737:
553:
545:
483:
225:
3093:
3073:
3004:
568:'s strongest party, displacing the Labour Party who had governed Rotterdam since World War Two.
3864:
4016:
3906:
3406:
3383:
3375:
3301:
3222:
3195:
2968:
2962:
2827:
2800:
2766:
2739:
2733:
2573:
2567:
2494:
2488:
2467:
2433:
2387:
2381:
2346:
2074:
2044:
2038:
2014:
2006:
1982:
1974:
1950:
1942:
1912:
1838:
1323:
continues to remain active as an independent organisation and is affiliated to LPF Eindhoven.
1246:
1223:
1057:
987:
979:
864:
796:
761:
487:
461:
3398:
2760:
2461:
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party which claims to want to help "Fortuyn's ideas return to the House of Representatives".
602:
It was reported in February 2002 that Fortuyn did not dare to appear in public owing to
4082:
4011:
3931:
3736:
2991:
1577:
1061:
1040:
971:
807:) had declared itself independent from the party. In 2005, LPF minister and parliamentarian
753:
714:
533:
361:
3118:
3024:
2675:
2598:
2520:
2446:
1654:
1178:
1116:
in general, but rather the EU's present organization, and what it regarded as its lack of
1085:
1081:
1048:
1036:
927:
or political style that is derived from Pim Fortuyn, and in turn the LPF, is often called
808:
745:
732:
was appointed deputy prime minister. The following day after the cabinet's formation, LPF
479:
3038:
1307:
were in Eindhoven and Westland which competed in the municipal elections under the names
448:. He subsequently became a member of the LN in 2001 at the encouragement of its chairman
4136:
3957:
3936:
3617:
3539:
3380:
Europe for the Europeans: the foreign and security policy of the populist radical right
1979:
Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right
1806:
1764:
1262:
1254:
1210:
1198:
1145:
1109:
1097:
1093:
975:
908:
830:
816:
781:
757:
729:
657:
640:
560:. The party's candidates were unveiled by Fortuyn at a press conference in March 2002.
541:
445:
321:
216:
37:
2823:
The Populist Challenge: Political Protest and Ethno-nationalist Mobilization in France
635:. This was the first political murder in the Netherlands for centuries (excluding the
4170:
4117:
3569:
3025:"France, Netherlands: Le Pen, Pim Fortuyn – Migration News | Migration Dialogue"
2251:
1591:
1270:
1242:
1219:
1170:
1162:
1001:
965:. Gerrit Boerman, the head of the Document Center for Dutch Political Parties at the
868:
812:
557:
470:
2987:
1315:
In 2022 a new local Pim Fortuyn List entered the municipal elections in the city of
3921:
1888:
1815:
1544:
1292:
1238:
1215:
826:
777:
636:
603:
537:
493:
377:
347:, a former university professor and political columnist. The party was considered
55:
2007:"'At Your Service!' Reflections on the Rise of Neo-Nationalism in the Netherlands"
1234:
688:
proved a great success for the LPF, yielding 17% of the votes and 26 seats in the
3218:
The Power of Populism: Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands
3191:
The Power of Populism: Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands
1064:
stance on issues such as gay rights, soft drug legalization and gender equality.
4026:
3807:
3461:
2546:
1791:
1773:
1694:
1627:
1605:
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1250:
1230:
1032:
996:
962:
888:
859:
820:
788:
672:
498:
392:
365:
360:
The LPF supported tougher measures against immigration and crime, opposition to
348:
344:
88:
80:
69:
63:
3853:
2847:
2643:
2130:
1782:
1569:
1258:
1006:
958:
929:
721:
644:
581:
573:
516:
380:
of Dutch politics and the governing style of the existing mainstream parties.
369:
353:
204:
172:
704:(CDA) won large gains – later attributed in part to the fact that CDA leader
3756:
3399:"Holland and Pim Fortuyn: A Deviant Case or the Beginning of Something New?"
2680:
1300:
1288:
1117:
875:
and in July 2007 voted to dissolve itself by 1 January 2008.
872:
649:
632:
565:
453:
449:
165:
2897:
2070:
What matters in policing?: Change, values and leadership in turbulent times
2011:
Neo-nationalism in Europe and Beyond: Perspectives from Social Anthropology
933:. Observers variously saw him as a political protest targeting the alleged
2735:
Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands
2569:
Euroscepticism: party politics, national identity and European integration
3244:"JA21-oprichter Joost Eerdmans: 'Aan ons de taak het land te verdedigen'"
2426:
International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam
1266:
1194:
1186:
1141:
1108:. Fortuyn also campaigned to reduce Dutch financial contributions to the
946:
942:
924:
884:
741:
529:
373:
3403:
Movements of exclusion: radical right-wing populism in the Western world
2463:
The assassination of Theo Van Gogh: from social drama to cultural trauma
460:
In January 2002, it was announced that Fortuyn also would head the
3171:"Rightist Candidate in Netherlands Is Slain, and the Nation Is Stunned"
2852:
2135:
1190:
1133:
1129:
1125:
950:
934:
622:
577:
4102:
3039:"Holland: Pim Fortuyn List leads new government's right-wing assault"
1229:
In February 2006, soon before it fell out of parliament, the scholar
1166:
1149:
1137:
1121:
1010:
945:
or simply as charisma. Another school holds Fortuynism as a distinct
607:
364:, greater political reform, a reduction in state bureaucracy and was
340:
252:
2490:
Christian democratic parties in Europe since the end of the Cold War
444:(for whom he had briefly worked as an advisor) or creating his own
3261:
1316:
1202:
1140:, the LPF maintained that the European Union "shouldn't cross the
825:
666:
631:
On 6 May, Fortuyn was assassinated outside a radio studio in
519:
was appointed as LPF group leader. Second on the party's list was
492:
475:
4031:
2964:
Becoming Europe: immigration, integration, and the welfare state
1850:
1277:
1101:
1089:
256:
3868:
3429:
3289:
Dit is de uitslag van de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen in Eindhoven
740:
resigned after it was reported that she had been a member of a
3137:
3050:
3048:
617:
2276:
Pim Fortuyn presenteert LPF Kandidaten Kubus (21 maart 2002)
1758:
1679:
1538:
720:
Following the election, journalist and former civil servant
376:. It also aimed to present itself as an alternative to the
2796:
Rechter und linker Populismus: Annäherung an ein Chamäleon
2062:
2060:
2037:
Peter Starke; Alexandra Kaasch; Franca Van Hooren (2013).
1908:
Rechter und linker Populismus: Annäherung an ein Chamäleon
1319:
winning one seat in the council. The LPF's youth-wing the
850:
The LPF attempted to start afresh and participated in the
2424:"ISS Development Research Seminar Series – Autumn 2010".
1009:
origin while one of the party's MPs was a young woman of
440:(LN) party, he initially also considered running for the
3094:"Pim Fortuyn And the 'new' far right in the Netherlands"
2067:
Auke van Dijk; Frank Hoogewoning; Maurice Punch (2015).
2516:"Far right gets immigration post in new Dutch cabinet"
1025:
were based on proposals put forward in Fortuyn's book
652:, lead "to scenes of mass hysteria not seen since the
2988:
Alexander Bakker, Late biecht van ex-staatssecretaris
1269:. This movement would eventually become known as the
556:
and spokeswoman for the Central Bureau of Food Trade
383:
Pim Fortuyn had initially had planned to contest the
2671:"Fortuyn's heirs eclipsed as big parties move right"
799:
surprisingly won two seats with his anti-corruption
351:
as well as adhering to its own distinct ideology of
4144:
4135:
4045:
3999:
3990:
3950:
3914:
3905:
3839:
3806:
3778:
3755:
3714:
3671:
3588:
3525:
3477:
2919:
2411:
2290:
2235:
2182:
1303:. As of 2018, the last remaining local party using
281:
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248:
236:
224:
189:
181:
171:
155:
145:
127:
109:
101:
79:
54:
44:
23:
2032:
2030:
3978:Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity
3472:Only parties represented in parliament are shown.
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
660:." The murder of Fortuyn, together with that of
639:). Some claimed that by demonising Fortuyn, the
2092:
2090:
1283:Although dissolved at national level, the name
700:(VVD) saw their largest-ever losses, while the
4217:Defunct nationalist parties in the Netherlands
3770:Communist Party of Holland – Central Committee
610:activists at the presentation of his new book
3880:
3441:
2967:. University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. 132.
2639:"Marten Fortuyn woedend over spot nieuwe LPF"
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1853:– Offshoot of FvD founded by Eerdmans in 2021
846:List Five Fortuyn and dissolution (2006–2008)
8:
3457:Defunct political parties in the Netherlands
3114:"Death makes Fortuyn an icon of Dutch right"
2487:Van Hecke, Steven; Gerard, Emmanuel (2004).
2000:
1998:
795:, and did not win a seat. In this election,
2933:"PROFILE – Gay right activist: Pim Fortuyn"
2383:The political class in advanced democracies
1968:
1966:
953:. Some argued that Fortuynism was not just
744:militia. She was replaced by fellow LPF MP
4141:
3996:
3911:
3887:
3873:
3865:
3448:
3434:
3426:
3397:Rydgren, Jens; van Holsteyn, Joop (2005).
2009:. In André Gingrich; Marcus Banks (eds.).
1945:. In Krisztina Arató; Petr Kaniok (eds.).
1893:Politics and Governance in the Netherlands
36:
20:
4182:2008 disestablishments in the Netherlands
2193:
2191:
2113:
2111:
768:Opposition and disintegration (2003–2006)
4252:Political parties disestablished in 2008
4007:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
2765:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 28.
2493:. Leuven University Press. p. 166.
2407:
2405:
2403:
2386:. Oxford University Press. p. 275.
2286:
2284:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2178:
2176:
1981:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 217.
1479:
1335:
736:for Social Affairs and Work Opportunity
698:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
412:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
4212:Conservative parties in the Netherlands
4192:Anti-Islam sentiment in the Netherlands
3517:Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands
2898:"I Say What I Mean and I Do What I say"
2707:"LPF to disband on New Year's Day 2008"
2664:
2662:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
1947:Euroscepticism and European Integration
1868:
1005:of Fortuyn's closest associates was of
978:, classical and social liberalism, and
478:was "a backward culture", that no more
4272:Right-wing populism in the Netherlands
4227:Eurosceptic parties in the Netherlands
4187:Anti-Islam political parties in Europe
4177:2002 establishments in the Netherlands
4093:Party for Justice, Action and Progress
3722:The Alliance to Democratise the Forces
2442:
2431:
2380:Borchert, Jens; Zeiss, Jürgen (2003).
2351:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2344:
2248:Onderling wantrouwen zo oud als de LPF
1609:(30 September 2006 – 30 November 2006)
1076:Although the LPF was established post-
854:under its new name List Five Fortuyn (
4247:Political parties established in 2002
3157:
2625:
2561:
2559:
2547:"Dutch minister resigns within hours"
2466:. Duke University Press. p. 45.
2216:
2197:
2117:
2005:Thijl Sunier; Rob van Ginkel (2006).
1165:and Joost Eerdemans, founders of the
883:The party was variously described as
277:(We have courage, we vote LPF) (2003)
7:
3899:political parties in the Netherlands
3732:Alliance for National Reconstruction
3378:. In Liang, Christina Schori (ed.).
2848:"Interview with Belgium news agency"
2669:Castle, Stephen (22 November 2006).
2131:"Interview with Belgium news agency"
1601:(17 August 2006 – 30 September 2006)
1205:party based on Fortuyn's ideas, and
937:and bureaucratic style of the Dutch
680:First Balkenende cabinet (2002–2003)
3603:Christian Historical Voters' League
2951:Rydgren; van Holsteyn, 2005, p. 49.
2043:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 193.
1977:. In Christina Schori Liang (ed.).
1743:(17 August 2006 – 30 November 2006)
1664:(10 December 2004 – 1 January 2008)
1658:(31 August 2004 – 12 November 2004)
1617:(30 November 2006 – 1 January 2008)
1021:Many of the LPF's policies for the
671:LPF 2002 election poster featuring
4237:Liberal parties in the Netherlands
4113:Democratic Political Turning Point
3765:Communist Party of the Netherlands
2264:Chris Thünnessen financier Verdonk
1731:(16 October 2002 – 5 October 2004)
1725:(28 August 2002 – 16 October 2002)
1587:(16 October 2002 – 5 October 2004)
1581:(28 August 2002 – 16 October 2002)
1148:". The LPF was also supportive of
675:with his slogan "At your service!"
654:Netherlands national football team
337:political party in the Netherlands
14:
4222:Defunct liberal political parties
3727:Middle Party for City and Country
3346:"Kiesraad - Verkiezingsuitslagen"
3322:"Kiesraad - Verkiezingsuitslagen"
2961:Ireland, Patrick Richard (2004).
1737:(5 October 2004 – 17 August 2006)
1634:(14 February 2002 – 6 May 2002) (
1595:(5 October 2004 – 17 August 2006)
1553:(14 February 2002 – 6 May 2002) (
793:2004 European Parliament election
4267:Republicanism in the Netherlands
4242:Organisations based in Rotterdam
3686:Social Democratic Workers' Party
3658:Reformatory Political Federation
3460:
2860:from the original on 2021-12-11.
2759:Barbara Wejnert (26 July 2010).
2143:from the original on 2021-12-11.
1462:
1461:
1426:
1425:
1028:De puinhopen van acht jaar Paars
949:, with an alternative vision of
613:De puinhopen van acht jaar Paars
357:according to some commentators.
273:(Give us a second chance, 2003)/
185:Prof.Dr. W.S.P. Fortuynstichting
3963:Free-thinking Democratic League
3545:Free-thinking Democratic League
2920:Rydgren & van Holsteyn 2005
2738:. Routledge. pp. 117–118.
2412:Rydgren & van Holsteyn 2005
2291:Rydgren & van Holsteyn 2005
2236:Rydgren & van Holsteyn 2005
2183:Rydgren & van Holsteyn 2005
2013:. Berghahn Books. p. 121.
1650:(3 July 2002 – 13 October 2003)
1276:In 2020, Eerdemans founded the
606:. In March, he was attacked by
275:Wij hebben lef, wij stemmen LPF
243:Union for Europe of the Nations
3628:League of Christian Socialists
3242:Popelier, Jarry (2021-02-07).
2799:. Campus Verlag. p. 231.
2367:"At home with 'Professor Pim'"
2304:"Ad Melkert, meet Pim Fortuyn"
1949:. CPI/PSRC. pp. 308–320.
1911:. Campus Verlag. p. 231.
1841:(PVV) - Party founded in 2006.
1719:(23 May 2002 – 28 August 2002)
1573:(16 May 2002 – 28 August 2002)
1481:European Parliament elections
1:
4257:Secularism in the Netherlands
3696:Revolutionary Socialist Party
3648:Reformed Reformed State Party
3608:Free Anti Revolutionary Party
3492:Roman Catholic People's Party
3382:. Ashgate. pp. 209–222.
3376:"A Fortuynist Foreign Policy"
3134:"Pim Fortuyn: Man of paradox"
3056:"Dutch fall for gay Mr Right"
2873:"The shooting of Pym Fortuyn"
2647:(in Dutch). 25 September 2006
2594:"The end of List Pim Fortuyn"
2156:"The shooting of Pym Fortuyn"
1975:"A Fortuynist Foreign Policy"
1895:, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
1847:(FvD) – Party founded in 2016
1698:(10 June 2003 – 12 June 2007)
774:January 2003 general election
658:European Championship in 1988
4207:Defunct conservative parties
4108:Onafhankelijke Burger Partij
2572:. Rodopi. pp. 115–116.
2514:Judd, Terri (12 July 2002).
2098:"Fortuynism without Fortuyn"
2073:. Policy Press. p. 69.
598:Assassination of Pim Fortuyn
548:, counter-terrorism officer
4277:Right-wing populist parties
3788:National Socialist Movement
3747:Independent Citizens' Party
3653:Reformed Political Alliance
3512:Political Party of Radicals
3350:www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl
3326:www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl
3274:Lokale LPF richting Verdonk
2871:Oliver, Mark (7 May 2002).
2762:Democratic Paths and Trends
2154:Oliver, Mark (7 May 2002).
1941:Aleksandra Moroska (2009).
1644:(11 May 2002 – 14 May 2002)
1047:, LPF immigration minister
702:Christian Democratic Appeal
442:Christian Democratic Appeal
408:Christian Democratic Appeal
4293:
3663:Evangelical People's Party
3643:Christian Democratic Union
3633:Christian Democratic Party
3623:Christian Historical Union
3613:Christian Historical Party
3497:Roman Catholic State Party
3401:. In Rydgren, Jens (ed.).
3291:In de buurt, 22 maart 2018
1565:(6 May 2002 – 16 May 2002)
595:
397:assassinated on 6 May 2002
4197:Classical liberal parties
4098:Party for the Netherlands
3706:Democratic Socialists '70
3470:
1201:who went on to found the
1183:Party for the Netherlands
572:particular Labour leader
544:, Surinamese broadcaster
402:The LPF formed part of a
291:
286:
238:European Parliament group
35:
4232:National liberal parties
3927:Liberal Democratic Party
3849:General Elderly Alliance
3701:Pacifist Socialist Party
3681:Social Democratic League
3598:Anti-Revolutionary Party
3405:. Nova. pp. 41–64.
2826:. Berghahn. p. 17.
2793:Priester, Karin (2012).
2566:Spiering, Menno (2005).
2266:. Quotenet, 20 juni 2008
1905:Priester, Karin (2012).
1713:House of Representatives
1332:House of Representatives
1045:First Balkenende cabinet
957:ideology, but contained
839:First Balkenende cabinet
690:House of Representatives
576:, former prime minister
552:, spokesman for farmers
416:first Balkenende cabinet
4058:League of Free Liberals
3550:League of Free Liberals
3507:Catholic National Party
3502:Catholic People's Party
3074:"The Forgotten Fortuyn"
3005:"The Forgotten Fortuyn"
2553:(Tuesday, 23 July 2002)
1267:Peder "Fjordman" Jensen
1053:One-off Regulation 2003
967:University of Groningen
296:Politics of Netherlands
226:Political position
201:Conservative liberalism
3638:Christian Social Party
2820:Rydgren, Jens (2004).
2732:Pauwels, Teun (2014).
1271:counter-jihad movement
842:
676:
502:
325:
133:; 16 years ago
115:; 22 years ago
3215:Vossen, Koen (2016).
3188:Vossen, Koen (2016).
2460:Eyerman, Ron (2008).
1709:Parliamentary leaders
1686:Parliamentary leaders
1193:, such as lawyer and
1023:2002 general election
992:French National Front
901:national-conservative
852:2006 general election
835:Deputy Prime Minister
829:
715:multicultural society
686:2002 general election
670:
596:Further information:
592:Fortuyn assassination
536:, ex-drafts champion
525:Jim Janssen van Raaij
496:
414:(VVD) as part of the
385:2002 general election
113:14 February 2002
16:Dutch political party
4123:Entrepreneurs' Party
4037:Belang van Nederland
3260:LPF lonkt naar TON.
1469:Extra-parliamentary
1114:European integration
1088:. The LPF supported
1035:while strengthening
893:conservative-liberal
811:held a meeting with
706:Jan Peter Balkenende
513:property development
404:coalition government
271:Geef ons een 2e kans
197:Classical liberalism
4063:Liberal State Party
3742:Livable Netherlands
3575:Liberal State Party
3374:Mudde, Cas (2007).
3041:. 9 September 2002.
2687:on November 5, 2012
2428:. 15 December 2010.
2104:. 28 November 2002.
1845:Forum for Democracy
1482:
1476:European Parliament
1338:
1207:Jean-Marie Dedecker
1175:DeConservatieven.nl
497:Founder and Leader
438:Livable Netherlands
389:Livable Netherlands
334:right-wing populist
209:Right-wing populism
150:Livable Netherlands
131:1 January 2008
4262:Republican parties
4022:Trots op Nederland
3826:Nederlandsche Unie
3565:Middle Class Party
3277:Nederlands Dagblad
3175:The New York Times
3160:, pp. 216–218
2994:, January 1, 2006.
2254:, 25 augustus 2004
2200:, pp. 210–211
2120:, pp. 213–214
1973:Cas Mudde (2007).
1501:overall seats won
1480:
1360:overall seats won
1337:General elections
1336:
1321:Jonge Fortuynisten
1106:Schengen agreement
856:Lijst Vijf Fortuyn
843:
805:Wien van den Brink
801:Europe Transparent
738:Philomena Bijlhout
726:Balkenende cabinet
677:
554:Wien van den Brink
546:Philomena Bijlhout
503:
484:Dutch Constitution
177:Jonge Fortuynisten
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4152:Libertarian Party
4131:
4130:
4073:Fatherland League
4017:Party for Freedom
3986:
3985:
3862:
3861:
3412:978-1-59454-096-7
3389:978-0-7546-4851-2
2974:978-0-8229-5845-1
2772:978-0-85724-091-0
2602:. 18 October 2002
2579:978-90-420-1946-1
2500:978-90-5867-377-0
2473:978-0-8223-4406-3
2441:Missing or empty
2393:978-0-19-926036-2
2080:978-1-4473-2695-3
2050:978-1-137-31484-0
2020:978-1-84545-190-5
1988:978-0-7546-4851-2
1956:978-953-7022-20-4
1839:Party for Freedom
1829:
1828:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1723:Harry Wijnschenk
1720:
1699:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1531:
1530:
1473:
1472:
1224:Party for Freedom
1058:freedom of speech
988:Jean-Marie Le Pen
980:national-populism
939:purple coalitions
905:classical-liberal
865:Party for Freedom
797:Paul van Buitenen
762:Herman Heinsbroek
709:criticism of the
488:freedom of speech
462:Livable Rotterdam
387:as leader of the
326:Lijst Pim Fortuyn
314:
313:
301:Political parties
29:Lijst Pim Fortuyn
4284:
4142:
4088:Pim Fortuyn List
4083:New Middle Party
4012:Forza! Nederland
3997:
3973:Democratic Party
3932:Volt Netherlands
3912:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3866:
3831:Pim Fortuyn List
3816:Peasants' League
3798:Centre Democrats
3737:New Middle Party
3465:
3464:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3416:
3393:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3062:. 14 April 2002.
3052:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3001:
2995:
2992:Algemeen Dagblad
2985:
2979:
2978:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2923:
2922:, pp. 48–49
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2683:. Archived from
2666:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2563:
2554:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2528:on March 2, 2010
2524:. Archived from
2511:
2505:
2504:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2327:. Archived from
2326:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2310:. 28 March 2002.
2300:
2294:
2288:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2201:
2195:
2186:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1938:
1923:
1922:
1902:
1896:
1886:
1769:General election
1759:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1697:
1680:
1663:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:Peter Langendam
1633:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1578:Harry Wijnschenk
1572:
1564:
1552:
1539:
1523:
1483:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1390:
1339:
1327:Election results
1305:Pim Fortuyn List
1285:Pim Fortuyn List
1181:, leader of the
1062:socially liberal
1041:multiculturalism
972:communitarianism
897:national-liberal
754:Harry Wijnschenk
711:purple coalition
637:Second World War
586:Paul Rosenmöller
550:André Peperkoorn
540:, civil servant
534:Ferry Hoogendijk
362:multiculturalism
339:named after its
318:Pim Fortuyn List
267:At your service!
220:
163:Vlaardingweg 62
141:
139:
134:
123:
121:
116:
94:Bert Snel (last)
40:
26:Pim Fortuyn List
21:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4127:
4041:
3982:
3968:Economic League
3946:
3901:
3893:
3863:
3858:
3835:
3802:
3774:
3751:
3710:
3691:Socialist Party
3667:
3584:
3560:Economic League
3521:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3454:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3396:
3390:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3354:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3330:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3302:"PRESS RELEASE"
3300:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3119:The Irish Times
3112:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2676:The Independent
2668:
2667:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2599:TheGuardian.com
2592:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2521:The Independent
2513:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2440:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2401:
2394:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2322:"Archived copy"
2320:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2223:
2215:
2204:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1940:
1939:
1926:
1919:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1887:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1835:
1830:
1811:Senate election
1756:
1677:
1655:Sergej Moleveld
1536:
1524:
1521:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1478:
1458:
1455:
1422:
1419:
1391:
1388:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1334:
1329:
1179:Hilbrand Nawijn
1158:
1086:Islamic culture
1082:Western society
1074:
1049:Hilbrand Nawijn
1037:public services
1019:
1017:Domestic policy
961:, populism and
921:
881:
848:
809:Hilbrand Nawijn
770:
746:Khee Liang Phoa
734:State Secretary
682:
600:
594:
508:
433:
428:
310:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
164:
162:
146:Split from
137:
135:
132:
119:
117:
114:
97:
75:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4290:
4288:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:Radical League
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3937:Henk Krol List
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3821:Farmers' Party
3818:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3618:Frisian League
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3540:Radical League
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3487:General League
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3423:
3422:External links
3420:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3394:
3388:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3337:
3313:
3293:
3281:
3279:, 4 april 2008
3266:
3264:, 4 april 2008
3253:
3234:
3227:
3207:
3200:
3180:
3162:
3150:
3125:
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3065:
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3016:
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2912:
2889:
2863:
2839:
2832:
2812:
2805:
2785:
2771:
2751:
2744:
2724:
2713:. 23 July 2007
2698:
2658:
2630:
2613:
2585:
2578:
2555:
2539:
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2479:
2472:
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2268:
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2187:
2172:
2146:
2122:
2107:
2086:
2079:
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2026:
2019:
1994:
1987:
1962:
1955:
1924:
1917:
1897:
1867:
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1864:
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1854:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1807:Lead candidate
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1765:Lead candidate
1757:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1735:Gerard van As
1733:
1727:
1721:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
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1660:
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1621:
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1597:
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1575:
1567:
1559:
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1525:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1491:overall votes
1487:
1486:Election year
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1423:
1418:
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1413:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:overall votes
1346:
1343:
1342:Election year
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1255:Lars Hedegaard
1247:Robert Spencer
1211:Lijst Dedecker
1199:Hugo Coveliers
1157:
1154:
1110:European Union
1098:European Union
1073:
1072:Foreign policy
1070:
1018:
1015:
976:libertarianism
920:
917:
880:
877:
847:
844:
831:Eduard Bomhoff
817:Filip Dewinter
782:Joost Eerdmans
769:
766:
758:Eduard Bomhoff
730:Eduard Bomhoff
713:and Holland's
681:
678:
641:political left
593:
590:
542:Joost Eerdmans
507:
504:
501:on 4 May 2002.
432:
429:
427:
424:
410:(CDA) and the
312:
311:
309:
308:
303:
298:
292:
289:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
264:
260:
259:
250:
246:
245:
240:
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
217:Euroscepticism
193:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
129:
125:
124:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
96:
95:
92:
85:
83:
77:
76:
74:
73:
67:
60:
58:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
28:
25:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4289:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Counter-jihad
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:VoorNederland
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:Freedom Party
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Liberal Party
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:Liberal Union
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3580:Freedom Party
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Neutral Party
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3555:Liberal Party
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:Liberal Union
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3463:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3228:9781317292890
3224:
3221:. Routledge.
3220:
3219:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3201:9781317292890
3197:
3194:. Routledge.
3193:
3192:
3184:
3181:
3177:. 7 May 2002.
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3140:. May 9, 2002
3139:
3135:
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3089:
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3057:
3051:
3049:
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3031:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2833:9781571816436
2829:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2806:9783593397931
2802:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2786:
2774:
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2745:9781317653912
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2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2628:, p. 213
2627:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2373:
2369:. 4 May 2002.
2368:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2334:on 2013-10-17
2330:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2308:The Economist
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:De Volkskrant
2249:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2219:, p. 211
2218:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2102:The Economist
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:9783593397931
1914:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:and G. Irwin
1890:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1672:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1593:
1592:Gerard van As
1590:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:overall vote
1493:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1355:overall vote
1352:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:LPF Westland.
1310:
1309:LPF Eindhoven
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:Geert Wilders
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:Geert Wilders
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:Winny de Jong
1168:
1164:
1163:Marco Pastors
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:proposed the
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
989:
983:
981:
977:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
926:
918:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
878:
876:
874:
870:
869:Geert Wilders
866:
861:
857:
853:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
822:
818:
814:
813:Vlaams Belang
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
767:
765:
763:
759:
755:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
674:
669:
665:
663:
662:Theo van Gogh
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
626:
624:
619:
615:
614:
609:
605:
604:death threats
599:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
569:
567:
561:
559:
558:Winny de Jong
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:Establishment
505:
500:
495:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
471:de Volkskrant
465:
463:
458:
455:
451:
447:
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160:Spaanse Kubus
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3992:Conservative
3922:Democrats 66
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3793:Centre Party
3402:
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3367:Bibliography
3353:. Retrieved
3349:
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2877:The Guardian
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2711:DutchNews.nl
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2163:. Retrieved
2160:The Guardian
2159:
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2010:
1978:
1946:
1907:
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1892:
1823:
1816:Bob Smalhout
1749:
1670:
1632:Pim Fortuyn
1613:
1561:
1320:
1312:
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1293:Boornsterhem
1284:
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1239:Daniel Pipes
1228:
1216:Rita Verdonk
1159:
1096:and saw the
1075:
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1007:Cape Verdean
984:
954:
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778:Democrats 66
771:
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694:Labour Party
683:
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608:pie-throwing
601:
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538:Harm Wiersma
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156:Headquarters
48:
45:Abbreviation
18:
4137:Libertarian
4027:Otten Group
3808:Nationalist
3250:(in Dutch).
1889:Andeweg, R.
1792:Olaf Stuger
1774:Pim Fortuyn
1741:Mat Herben
1729:Mat Herben
1717:Mat Herben
1695:Rob Hessing
1606:Olaf Stuger
1599:Mat Herben
1585:Mat Herben
1550:Pim Fortuyn
1433:Opposition
1366:Government
1263:Paul Beliën
1251:Bruce Bawer
1231:Hans Jansen
1094:eurosceptic
1060:and took a
1033:bureaucracy
997:nationalist
963:nationalism
909:eurosceptic
889:nationalist
860:Olaf Stuger
821:Vlaams Blok
815:politician
789:Rob Hessing
696:(PvdA) and
673:Pim Fortuyn
521:João Varela
499:Pim Fortuyn
486:to protect
393:immigration
366:eurosceptic
349:nationalist
345:Pim Fortuyn
105:Pim Fortuyn
89:Pim Fortuyn
70:Olaf Stuger
64:Pim Fortuyn
4171:Categories
3841:Pensioners
3355:2024-03-16
3331:2024-03-16
3307:2024-04-03
3158:Mudde 2007
3144:2022-06-10
3099:2024-03-24
3079:2024-03-24
3010:2024-03-10
2938:2024-02-15
2906:2024-03-22
2644:RTL Nieuws
2626:Mudde 2007
2443:|url=
2338:2013-04-15
2217:Mudde 2007
2198:Mudde 2007
2118:Mudde 2007
1858:References
1783:Mat Herben
1662:Bert Snel
1570:Mat Herben
1534:Leadership
1397:Coalition
1381:1,614,801
1259:Ibn Warraq
1189:region of
1092:, but was
1002:homosexual
959:liberalism
930:Fortuynism
919:Fortuynism
913:anti-Islam
742:Surinamese
722:Mat Herben
582:GroenLinks
574:Ad Melkert
517:Mat Herben
431:Background
374:populistic
354:Fortuynism
231:Right-wing
205:Fortuynism
173:Youth wing
138:2008-01-01
120:2002-02-14
3854:Union 55+
3780:Far-right
3757:Communist
3673:Socialist
2778:20 August
2681:Rotterdam
2278:© YouTube
1863:Citations
1301:The Hague
1289:Eindhoven
1235:Bat Ye'or
1118:democracy
1013:descent.
873:the Hague
650:Cas Mudde
633:Hilversum
566:Rotterdam
454:municipal
450:Jan Nagel
406:with the
370:pragmatic
341:eponymous
306:Elections
182:Thinktank
166:Rotterdam
128:Dissolved
3942:Splinter
3590:Reformed
3479:Catholic
3248:Panorama
2858:Archived
2717:28 March
2691:28 March
2651:28 March
2551:BBC News
2532:28 March
2434:cite web
2347:cite web
2141:Archived
1833:See also
1648:Ed Maas
1628:Chairmen
1514:121,509
1412:549,975
1389:26 / 150
1297:Westland
1222:and his
1209:and his
1195:Open VLD
1144:and the
1142:Bosporus
990:and his
947:ideology
943:populism
925:ideology
885:populist
879:Ideology
656:won the
643:and the
530:Elsevier
372:and not
343:founder
332:) was a
269:(2002),
191:Ideology
81:Chairman
4145:Current
4046:Defunct
4000:Current
3951:Defunct
3915:Current
3896:Liberal
3527:Liberal
2853:YouTube
2606:29 June
2136:YouTube
1711:in the
1688:in the
1456:0 / 150
1448:20,956
1420:8 / 150
1226:(PVV).
1197:member
1191:Belgium
1187:Flemish
1134:Belarus
1130:Ukraine
1126:Albania
1011:Turkish
951:society
935:elitism
867:led by
837:in the
772:In the
623:Jensen!
578:Wim Kok
426:History
282:Website
249:Colours
136: (
118: (
110:Founded
102:Founder
91:(first)
66:(first)
4103:One NL
3907:Social
3409:
3386:
3225:
3198:
2971:
2882:27 May
2830:
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2769:
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2470:
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2165:27 May
2077:
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1818:– 2003
1750:
1690:Senate
1671:
1614:Vacant
1562:Vacant
1545:Leader
1522:0 / 27
1177:, and
1167:One NL
1156:Legacy
1150:Israel
1138:Russia
1122:Turkey
480:asylum
263:Slogan
253:Yellow
72:(last)
56:Leader
3715:Other
3262:Sp!ts
2901:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2325:(PDF)
1384:17.0
1345:List
1317:Breda
1203:VLOTT
645:media
476:Islam
322:Dutch
4032:JA21
3407:ISBN
3384:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3196:ISBN
2969:ISBN
2884:2019
2828:ISBN
2801:ISBN
2780:2012
2767:ISBN
2740:ISBN
2719:2011
2693:2011
2653:2011
2608:2020
2574:ISBN
2534:2011
2495:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2447:help
2388:ISBN
2353:link
2167:2019
2075:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2015:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1851:JA21
1796:2006
1787:2003
1778:2002
1527:New
1517:2.6
1510:2004
1504:+/–
1499:# of
1494:% of
1489:# of
1451:0.2
1444:List
1439:2006
1415:5.7
1408:List
1403:2003
1394:New
1377:List
1372:2002
1363:+/–
1358:# of
1353:% of
1348:# of
1311:and
1299:and
1278:JA21
1265:and
1146:Ural
1136:and
1102:euro
1090:NATO
1084:and
1078:9/11
923:The
911:and
760:and
620:and
580:and
446:list
316:The
287:None
257:Blue
255:and
3138:CNN
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955:one
618:BBC
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